WO2020252803A1 - 单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020252803A1
WO2020252803A1 PCT/CN2019/092732 CN2019092732W WO2020252803A1 WO 2020252803 A1 WO2020252803 A1 WO 2020252803A1 CN 2019092732 W CN2019092732 W CN 2019092732W WO 2020252803 A1 WO2020252803 A1 WO 2020252803A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
single battery
electrode terminal
electrode
pole core
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092732
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱燕
王信月
何科峰
江文锋
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2020252803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020252803A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of vehicle manufacturing, in particular to a single battery, a power battery pack having the single battery, and a vehicle having the power battery pack.
  • one purpose of the present application is to propose a single battery that can pass through the spare electrode terminal when a single electrode terminal fails, and the single battery has low design accuracy and strong overcurrent capability.
  • the single battery according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a shell and a pole core located in the shell; the shell has a plurality of surfaces, and at least two of the surfaces are provided with electrical connections with the pole core And extend out the electrode terminal for drawing current outside the housing, the electrode terminal on each surface is at least two; the pole core is provided with tabs, and the electrode terminal passes through the tabs It is electrically connected to the pole core; 600mm ⁇ L, where L is the length of the single battery.
  • the path of current conduction can be shortened, overcurrent is increased, and impedance is reduced.
  • the single pair of positive and negative electrode terminals are connected, it is not connected.
  • the positive and negative electrode terminals can be used as spare electrode terminals, so that when the single battery fails, the whole package can be repaired through the spare electrode terminals, and the structural design of the single battery is more standardized and has better versatility.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a battery pack housing; a plurality of single batteries according to any one of the above embodiments, the single batteries are installed in the battery pack housing.
  • This application proposes another vehicle.
  • the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application is provided with the power battery pack described in any of the above embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole core of a single battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Polar core 1 sub-cell 11, positive electrode sheet 111, negative electrode sheet 112, positive electrode tab 113, negative electrode tab 114, and separator 115.
  • the following describes the single battery 100 according to the embodiment of the present application with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2 and has multiple pairs of electrode terminals.
  • the multiple pairs of positive and negative electrode terminals are all connected, the current conduction path can be shortened and the overcurrent can be increased. Reduce impedance.
  • the single pair of positive and negative electrode terminals are connected, the unconnected positive and negative electrode terminals can be used as spare electrode terminals. In this way, when the single battery 100 fails, the whole package can be repaired through the spare electrode terminals, and the single The structural design of the bulk battery 100 is more in line with standardization and has better versatility.
  • the length of the single battery 100 is L
  • the width of the single battery 100 is H
  • the overall length of the single battery 100 is large, so that the single battery 100 has a larger electric capacity, which is beneficial to increase the cruising range, and the ratio design of the length, width, and thickness of the single battery 100 is beneficial to enhance the entire power battery pack.
  • the energy density of 1000, the volume ratio is better.
  • the single battery 100 includes a casing and a pole core 1.
  • the pole core 1 is located in the shell, the shell has multiple faces, and at least two of the multiple faces are provided with electrode terminals, the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the pole core 1, and the electrode terminals extend out of the shell for drawing out The current facilitates the charging and discharging of the single battery 100 to the outside.
  • the housing includes at least four electrode terminals, and all four electrode terminals can be used for current conduction.
  • the electrode terminals can also be provided on two adjacent surfaces of the housing, for example, both the left side and the front side of the housing are provided with electrode terminals, or the right side and the rear side of the housing are both provided with electrode terminals , It can also realize the function of conducting pole core 1 with external current.
  • the electrode terminal can be columnar or sheet-shaped, which can be selected according to actual installation requirements.
  • the pole core 1 can be connected to the external current through multiple pairs of electrode terminals to increase the number of paths for the single battery 100 to conduct the external current, increase overcurrent, reduce impedance, and prevent
  • the structural size of the single battery 100 meets the design range of the present application, the internal resistance is too large, which improves the rationality of the design of the single battery 100 and improves the practicability.
  • connection state of the multiple pairs of electrode terminals can be flexibly selected.
  • the multiple pairs of electrode terminals and the electrode core 1 are connected to form multiple current flow paths to increase the number of paths through which current is drawn.
  • the current flow path can be turned on at the same time or separately, and can be selected according to the actual power consumption state, which is more flexible.
  • the current can be selectively drawn from the electrode terminal on one side, instead of flowing through the current collecting path of the entire battery pole piece, realizing dual or multiple current path conduction, which can greatly
  • the internal resistance of the single battery 100 is reduced, and the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100 is improved.
  • the single battery 100 of the present application has higher charge and discharge efficiency, which is more conducive to saving the user's charge and discharge time. Better practicality.
  • the single battery 100 When the single battery 100 is installed in the battery pack and used for charging and discharging, at least one current flow path can be used as a backup. Therefore, when the single battery 100 fails, the backup current flow path of the adjacent single battery 100 can be connected to continue current conduction, the battery pack can still be used normally, and the single battery 100 does not need to be removed and replaced immediately , It is convenient for users to use and use subsequent repairs.
  • the pole core 1 is provided with tabs, and the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the pole core 1 through the tabs. That is, the two ends of the tabs can be electrically connected to the electrode terminal and the pole core 1 to ensure that the electrode terminal and the pole core 1 are electrically connected.
  • the current conduction between the cores 1 can be realized stably and effectively, and the current in the pole core 1 can be drawn out to facilitate the charging and discharging of the single battery 100.
  • the pole core 1 is provided with at least two tabs, one tab is electrically connected to the electrode terminal on one side of the housing, and the other is electrically connected to the electrode terminal on the other side of the housing. Connection to facilitate the current extraction of the pole core 1.
  • the single battery 100 of the embodiment of the present application when multiple pairs of positive and negative electrode terminals are connected, the number of paths for current conduction can be increased, the current rush path can be shortened, the overcurrent is increased, and the impedance is reduced.
  • the unconnected positive and negative electrode terminals can be used as spare electrode terminals. In this way, when the single battery 100 fails, the whole package can be repaired through the spare electrode terminals, and the battery capacity of the single battery 100 is large , The battery life is stronger, the structure design of the single battery 100 is more in line with standardization, and the versatility is better.
  • the housing has a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface and the second end surface are arranged directly opposite, at least two electrode terminals are provided on the first end surface, and at least two electrodes are provided on the second end surface.
  • the terminals as shown in FIG. 2, two electrode terminals are provided on the first end surface (left end surface in FIG. 2) of the housing, and two electrode terminals are provided on the second end surface (right end surface in FIG. 2) of the housing.
  • part of the electrode terminals on the same surface are used for electrical connection with a load or a battery, so as to draw the electric energy of the single battery 100 for external use.
  • the pole core 1 has a first end and a second end.
  • a plurality of first tabs extend from the first end, the plurality of first tabs form a first tab group, and a plurality of second tabs extend from the second end.
  • a plurality of second tabs form a second tab group, the first end of the pole core 1 is formed with a first tab group, and the second end of the pole core 1 is formed with a second tab group, wherein the first end face
  • the electrode terminal on the second end surface is electrically connected with the first tab, and the electrode terminal on the second end surface is electrically connected with the second tab.
  • the plurality of electrode terminals on the first end surface are connected to the first tab group
  • the plurality of electrode terminals on the second end surface are connected to the second tab group
  • the first tab group and the second tab group The groups are electrically connected to the pole core 1, so that the pole core 1 can be connected to an external current through multiple current flow paths, thereby improving the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100.
  • the polarity of the electrode terminals on each surface is the same, the first end of the pole core 1 extends from a plurality of first tabs, and the plurality of first tabs form a set of first tabs ,
  • the first end surface is provided with a plurality of positive electrode terminals, the plurality of positive electrode terminals are all connected to the first tab group, the second end of the pole core 1 extends with a plurality of second tabs, and a plurality of second tabs
  • a group of second tab groups is formed, a plurality of negative electrode terminals are provided on the second end surface, and the plurality of negative electrode terminals are all connected to the second tab group, so that the polarity of the electrode terminals on the first end surface is uniform It is a positive electrode, and the polarity of the electrode terminal on the second end surface is a negative electrode.
  • the first end of the pole core 1 extends from a plurality of first tabs, the plurality of first tabs form at least two sets of first tabs, and the first end surface is provided with a plurality of positive electrode terminals, and a plurality of positive electrodes At least one of the terminals is connected to a group of first tabs, and at least one of the plurality of positive electrode terminals is connected to another group of first tabs.
  • the second end of the pole core 1 extends with a plurality of second tabs, the plurality of second tabs form at least two sets of second tabs, and the second end surface is provided with a plurality of negative electrode terminals, At least one is connected to a set of second tabs, and at least one of the plurality of negative electrode terminals is connected to another set of second tabs. Therefore, the polarity of the electrode terminals on the first end face is positive, and the second The polarity of the electrode terminal on the end face is negative.
  • each surface is provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal
  • the first end of the pole core 1 extends from a plurality of first tabs
  • the plurality of first tabs form at least two sets of first tabs. Extreme ear group.
  • the first end surface is provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal
  • the second end surface is provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal. Therefore, both the first end surface and the second end surface are provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the first tab group includes a positive tab group and a negative tab group
  • the second tab group includes a positive tab group and a negative electrode.
  • a tab group, and the positive tab group is connected with the positive electrode terminal
  • the negative tab group is connected with the negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal on the first end surface is connected to the positive electrode tab group in the first tab group
  • the negative electrode terminal on the first end surface is connected to the negative electrode tab group in the first tab group
  • the positive electrode on the second end surface The electrode terminal is connected to the positive electrode tab group in the second tab group
  • the negative electrode terminal on the second end surface is connected to the negative electrode tab group in the second tab group.
  • a first lead-out piece is also provided between the electrode terminal on the first end surface and the first tab group.
  • the multiple electrode terminals on the first end surface are connected to the first lead-out tab.
  • the first lead-out tab is connected to the first tab group.
  • the contact length is the width L21 of the first tab group, and/or a second lead-out piece is provided between the electrode terminal on the second end surface and the second tab group, and the multiple electrode terminals on the second end surface are connected to the second tab group.
  • the lead-out pieces are connected, and the contact length between the second lead-out piece and the second tab group is the width L22 of the second tab group.
  • first lead-out piece and the second lead-out piece can be provided at the same time, the first lead-out piece can also be provided separately, or the second lead-out piece can be provided separately, which can be selectively set according to actual connection requirements to meet the electrode terminals
  • the connection with the lug needs to ensure good current conduction between the pole core 1 and the electrode terminal.
  • the first lead-out piece and the second lead-out piece both extend toward the pole core. In this way, the pole core 1 and the electrode terminal are electrically connected through the tabs and the lead-out pieces. Therefore, the provision of the lead-out piece can reduce the risk of electrode terminals or tabs.
  • the poor contact caused by the too small length of the battery ensures that the tabs and the electrode terminals are in effective contact with the first lead-out piece or the second lead-out piece, which improves the stability of the current conduction of the single battery 100 and is convenient for long-term use.
  • both ends of the housing have end plates, the end plates are provided with electrode terminals for electrical connection with the outside, and the electrode terminals penetrate the end plates, that is, both ends of the electrode terminals extend to both sides of the end plate respectively ,
  • the first end of the electrode terminal is located in the housing, so that the first end of the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode core 1, and the second end of the electrode terminal is located outside the housing.
  • the second end of the electrode terminal is used to electrically connect with an external device, so that the electric energy in the single battery 100 can be output to an external device.
  • the second end of the electrode terminal is connected to the adjacent single battery 100 to connect the multiple single batteries 100 in series, so that the multiple single batteries 100 can be charged and discharged at the same time, thereby improving the use efficiency of the battery pack.
  • the housing includes a first end plate and a second end plate, that is, the end plate includes a first end plate and a second end plate, and the first end plate and the second end plate are respectively located at both ends of the pole core 1. , Both ends of the pole core 1 are provided with tabs.
  • the first end plate is provided with a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal
  • the second end plate is provided with a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal penetrate the corresponding end plate.
  • One electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal have different polarities, for example, the first electrode terminal is a positive electrode terminal, and the second electrode terminal is a negative electrode terminal.
  • each unit cell 100 includes at least two positive electrode terminals and two negative electrode terminals. Both the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal penetrate the corresponding end plates, so that the storage element can be electrically connected to the outside through a pair of positive and negative electrode terminals, or simultaneously electrically connected to the outside through two pairs of positive and negative electrode terminals.
  • the single battery 100 is designed with multiple electrode terminals, which can reduce the size of a single electrode terminal, reduce the difficulty of sealing and manufacturing a single electrode terminal, and at the same time improve the overcurrent capability, and improve the safety and stability of the single battery 100. .
  • At least one of the first end plate and the second end plate is provided with a lead-out piece, the lead-out piece faces one side of the pole core 1, and the lead-out piece is directly electrically connected to the corresponding tab and the corresponding electrode terminal, That is, the inner end of the lead-out piece is electrically connected to the tab, and the outer end of the lead-out piece is electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • the pole core 1 can be electrically connected to the electrode terminal through the tab and the lead-out piece.
  • the number of lead-out pieces can be reduced.
  • the poor contact caused by the too short length of the electrode terminal or the electrode terminal ensures that the electrode terminal and the electrode terminal are in effective contact with the lead-out piece, which improves the stability of the current conduction of the single battery 100 and is convenient for long-term use.
  • the contact width between the lead piece and the tab is L2, that is, the width L2 of the lead tab is the contact width between the lead piece and the tab, and the width of the lead piece is not less than the contact width of the tab. Therefore, the lead piece and the tab
  • the flow width of is the width L2 of the tab itself, and the width of the tab is larger. In this way, it can be ensured that there is an excellent overcurrent efficiency between the lead-out piece and the tabs, and the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100 can be improved.
  • both ends of the pole core 1 are respectively provided with a tab group formed by a plurality of tabs.
  • the tab group includes a positive tab set and a negative tab set.
  • the positive tab set is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal.
  • the negative electrode tab group is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode tab group includes a plurality of positive electrode tabs, at least one of the plurality of positive electrode tabs is electrically connected to an external positive electrode terminal
  • the negative electrode tab group includes A plurality of negative electrode tabs, at least one of the plurality of negative electrode tabs is electrically connected to the external negative electrode terminal. In this way, the number of tabs corresponding to the electrode terminal can be selected according to actual use needs. The selection is flexible and easy to implement Flexible adjustment during application.
  • a single pole core 1 is contained in the housing, one end of the pole core 1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal.
  • the pole core 1 may be a laminated pole core 1, that is, the pole core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of pole pieces. In this way, the two ends of each pole piece are electrically connected to the electrode terminals on the two end plates respectively to ensure The pole core 1 and the electrode terminal have good conductivity.
  • the pole core 1 can also be a wound pole core 1, which can also realize the function of current conduction.
  • the pole core 1 includes a plurality of sub-cells 11.
  • the sub-cell 11 contains a positive electrode sheet 111 and a negative electrode sheet 112.
  • a separator 115 is arranged between the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112.
  • the separator 115 can effectively separate the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112 to Keep both the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 in a normal current flow state, prevent the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 from interfering with each other, avoid contact and short circuit between the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112, and improve the safety of the single battery 100.
  • the area of the separator 115 is larger than that of the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112, so that the separator 115 can effectively isolate the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112.
  • the positive electrode plate 111 is electrically connected with a positive electrode tab 113
  • the negative electrode plate 112 is electrically connected with a negative electrode tab 114.
  • the electrode core 1 includes at least two sub-cells 11, and one of the two sub-cells 11
  • the positive electrode sheet 111 of 11 is adjacent to the negative electrode sheet 112 of the other sub-cell 11.
  • the battery cell is overlapped by a plurality of positive electrode sheets 111 and a plurality of negative electrode sheets 112, so that the battery capacity of the single battery 100 is effectively increased, and the current drawing of the battery core is facilitated.
  • the lead-out direction of the positive pole tab 113 and the negative pole tab 114 of each sub-cell 11 is the same, and the lead-out directions of the tabs in two adjacent sub-cells 11 are opposite.
  • the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 of the first one are led out in the first direction (left side in FIG. 1), and the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 of the second of the two sub-cells 11 both face the first direction. Lead out in two directions (on the right in FIG. 1), whereby the multiple tabs of the single battery 100 are respectively drawn from different sides, which facilitates the distributed arrangement of the overall structure of the single battery 100, so that the overall structure of the single battery 100 is distributed More evenly.
  • a plurality of sub-cells 11 are stacked along the thickness direction of the single cell 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the single cell 100 includes two sub-cells 11, and the two sub-cells 11 are arranged along the line of the single cell 100.
  • the width direction of 100 is staggered, so as to prevent the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 from being too concentrated, prevent the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 from contacting and short-circuit, and improve the safety of the single battery 100.
  • a single pole core 1 is contained in the housing, one end of the pole core 1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal.
  • the pole core 1 may be a laminated pole core 1, that is, the pole core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of pole pieces. In this way, the two ends of each pole piece are electrically connected to the electrode terminals on the two end plates respectively to ensure The pole core 1 and the electrode terminal have good conductivity.
  • the pole core 1 can also be a wound pole core 1, which can also realize the function of current conduction.
  • the pole piece in the pole core 1 further includes a current collector.
  • the tab and the current collector are integrated, and the tab and the current collector are formed by die-cutting copper foil or aluminum foil. Therefore, on the one hand, the tab is quickly formed, reducing the process cost, and on the other hand, the tab and the current collector are integrated. The transmission performance is better, and the shape of the tab can be die-cut according to actual needs, which is easy to structure and can be used flexibly.
  • the pole piece of the pole core 1 includes a current collector, and the current collector includes an electrode material covering area and an insulating material covering area, wherein the insulating material covering area is between the tab and the electrode material covering area, and the insulating material The covering area has an insulating material layer.
  • the tabs and the electrode material covering area can be insulated and separated by the insulating material layer, avoiding contact and short circuit between the two, and improving the safety and stability of the current draw of the electrode core 1.
  • the single battery 100 further includes an explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the shell, for example, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the end plate of the shell, and the explosion-proof valve is located outside the two electrode terminals.
  • the explosion-proof valve can be used as a pressure relief device for the single battery 100 and used in the single battery. When the pressure in 100 is abnormal or too high, the pressure is relieved to keep the pressure in the accommodating cavity within a safer range. In this way, the internal pressure of the single battery 100 can be prevented from swelling and deforming, and the use of the single battery 100 can be improved. Security and stability.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack.
  • the power battery pack according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a battery pack housing and a plurality of single cells 100 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the single battery 100 is contained in the battery pack housing, and the multiple single batteries 100 are arranged in sequence, and the upper and lower ends of the multiple single batteries 100 are kept flush.
  • the electrode terminals of a plurality of single cells 100 can be connected in series through the connecting piece, and the plurality of single cells 100 can be charged and discharged at the same time, which improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the power battery pack and the battery capacity of the power battery pack.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle.
  • the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application is provided with the power battery pack of the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the single battery 100 of the power battery pack fails, the other single batteries 100 can still be used normally, ensuring that the vehicle always has a stable power output and improving overall The utility and safety of the car, and the power battery pack is convenient to maintain.
  • the single cell includes a shell and a pole core located in the shell.
  • the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with electrode terminals that are electrically connected to the pole core and extend out of the shell for drawing current.
  • the electrode terminals on each side are 2; there are tabs on the pole core, and the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the pole core through the tabs;
  • L is the length of the single battery
  • the single battery is marked as S1.
  • Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that there is a set of tabs on both ends of the pole core, and there is an electrode terminal on each of the two opposite sides of the housing, and the single battery is marked as D1.
  • Embodiment 2 Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that there is a set of tabs on both ends of the pole core, and there is an electrode terminal on each of the two opposite faces of the housing, and the single battery is marked as D2.
  • Test equipment charge and discharge cabinet
  • Test method the discharge DCIR parameters of the regulating device are measured under the conditions of normal temperature, 50% SOC, 1.5C@30s, Example 1 to Example 6, Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3. The test results are shown in Table 1. (The test method is a common method in the field)
  • Test equipment charging and discharging cabinet, thermocouple, Agilent data collector
  • Test method The temperature rise parameters of the positive electrode terminal and the lead-out sheet were measured by the adjustment device under the continuous charge and discharge test conditions of 2C in an adiabatic environment.
  • Example 1 to Example 6 Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1. (The test method is a common method in the field)
  • Test equipment charge and discharge cabinet
  • Test method electrically connected to the charge and discharge cabinet, and measured the last charge and discharge energy efficiency parameters under the condition of continuous charge and discharge 3 times at 1C, Example 1 to Example 6, Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3. The test results are shown in Table 1. (The test method is a common method in the field)
  • Example 1 Serial number DCIR Temperature rise Energy efficiency Example 1 0.65-0.77 10-13°C 92%-94% Example 2 0.69-0.83 11-17°C 91-93% Example 3 0.8-0.94 14-18°C 90%-92% Example 4 0.9-1.1 18-22°C 89%-91% Example 5 1.0-1.2 17-20°C 90%-93% Example 6 0.9-1.1 16-20°C 89%-92% Comparative example 1 1.5-2.0 20-25°C 83%-87% Comparative example 2 1.7-2.2 22-27°C 86%-88% Comparative example 3 1.9-2.5 25-30°C 87%-89%
  • the single battery (100) includes: a casing and a pole core (1) located in the casing; the casing has a plurality of surfaces, and at least two of the surfaces are provided with
  • the pole core (1) is electrically connected to and extends out of the housing with electrode terminals for drawing current, and there are at least two electrode terminals on each surface; the pole core (1) is provided with A tab, the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the pole core (1) through the tab; 600mm ⁇ L, where L is the length of the single battery (100).
  • the single battery (100) of the embodiment of the present application 10 ⁇ L/H ⁇ 20, where H is the thickness of the single battery (100).
  • the housing has a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface is provided with at least two electrode terminals, and the second end surface is provided with At least two of the electrode terminals;
  • the pole core (1) has a first end and a second end, a plurality of first tabs extend from the first end, and the plurality of first tabs form a first A set of tabs, a plurality of second tabs extend from the second end, and a plurality of the second tabs form a second tab set; the electrode terminal on the first end surface and the first tab The tab is electrically connected, and the electrode terminal on the second end surface is electrically connected with the second tab.
  • the plurality of electrode terminals on the first end surface are connected to the first tab group, and the plurality of electrode terminals on the second end surface are connected to The second tab group is connected.
  • a first lead-out piece is further provided between the electrode terminal on the first end surface and the first tab group, and a plurality of One of the electrode terminals is connected to the first lead-out piece, and the contact length between the first lead-out piece and the first tab group is the width of the first tab group; and/or the second end surface
  • a second lead-out piece is further provided between the electrode terminal on the upper side and the second tab group, and a plurality of the electrode terminals on the second end surface are connected to the second lead-out piece, and the second The contact length between the lead piece and the second tab group is the width of the second tab group.
  • the polarity of the electrode terminals on each surface is the same.
  • a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal are provided on the first end surface, and a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal are provided on the second end surface.
  • the first tab group has at least two and the second tab group has at least two; the first tab group includes a positive electrode group and a negative electrode Ear group, the second electrode group includes a positive electrode group and a negative electrode group.
  • the positive electrode tab group is connected to the positive electrode terminal
  • the negative electrode tab group is connected to the negative electrode terminal
  • the housing includes a first end plate and a second end plate, and the first end plate and the second end plate are respectively located at both ends of the pole core , Both ends of the pole core (1) are provided with the tabs; the first end plate is provided with a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal, and the second end plate is provided with the first electrode The terminal and the second electrode terminal, the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal penetrate the corresponding end plate.
  • At least one of the first end plate and the second end plate is provided with a lead piece on a side facing the pole core (1), and the lead
  • the tab is directly electrically connected to the corresponding tab and the corresponding electrode terminal, and the contact length between the lead tab and the corresponding tab is the width of the tab.
  • the pole core (1) includes a plurality of sub-cells (11), and the sub-cells (11) include a positive electrode sheet (111) and a negative electrode sheet (112) ,
  • the positive electrode sheet (111) is electrically connected with a positive electrode tab (113), and the negative electrode sheet (112) is electrically connected with a negative electrode tab (114); the positive electrode of each sub-cell (11)
  • the lead-out directions of the ear (113) and the negative electrode tab (114) are the same, and the lead-out directions of the tabs in the two adjacent sub-cells (11) are opposite.
  • a plurality of the sub-cells (11) are stacked along the thickness direction of the single battery (100), and each of the sub-cells (11)
  • the positive electrode tab (113) and the negative electrode tab (114) are staggered along the width direction of the single battery (100).
  • the single pole core (1) is contained in the casing.
  • the pole piece in the pole core (1) further includes a current collector, and the tab is integrated with the current collector.
  • the pole piece of the pole core (1) includes a current collector, and the current collector contains an electrode material covering area and an insulating material covering area, and the insulating material covering area is Between the tab and the electrode material covering area, the insulating material area is covered with an insulating material layer.
  • part of the electrode terminals on the same surface are used for electrical connection with a load or a battery.
  • the single battery (100) further includes: an explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the housing and located outside the two electrode terminals.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack, including: a battery pack housing; a plurality of single batteries (100) as described in any one of the above embodiments, the single batteries (100) are accommodated in the Inside the battery pack housing.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle having the power battery pack described in the foregoing embodiment.

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Abstract

一种单体电池、动力电池包和车辆，所述单体电池，包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子至少为两个；所述极芯上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯电连接；600mm＜L，其中，L为所述单体电池的长度。

Description

单体电池、动力电池包和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年6月21日提交的、发明名称为“单体电池、动力电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请号“201910544125.3”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆制造技术领域，尤其是涉及一种单体电池、具有该单体电池的动力电池包和具有该动力电池包的车辆。
背景技术
近年来，随着新能源汽车的大力发展，车载电池的性能要求也随之提高。其中工业和信息化部、国家发展改革委、科技部联合印发了《汽车产业中长期发展规划》明确我国动力电池目标，到2020年，锂离子动力电池单体比能量大于300Wh/kg；系统比能量争取达到260Wh/kg；成本小于1元/Wh；使用环境从零下30℃到55℃；具备3C充电能力，2025年力争实现单体电池350Wh/kg。
为了实现上述目标，车载电池企业积极研发，通过三元材料的广泛使用，增加单体电池的能量密度。通过电池模组或电池包的结构优化，实现动力电池轻量化和紧凑化的目标。在轻量化和紧凑化的实现过程中，更多的采用焊接、粘结等技术手段，以达到减少电池内部结构件的目的，以此提高电池包的空间利用率、减少工艺流程，降低成本。但此种连接方式却给电池的返修、维护带来难度。如电池极柱的焊接部位，由于现在的车载电池多数只采用了一个正极或负极引出部件，一旦电池维修，考虑电连接的安全和过流能力，使用过的极柱无法进行二次焊接。另外，电池之间采用粘结后，由于拆卸的不便，当其中有电池发生故障后，返修难度和成本都较高。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种单体电池，在单个电极端子故障时，可通过备用电极端子过流，且单体电池的设计精度低、过流能力强。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池，包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的 电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子至少为两个；所述极芯上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯电连接；600mm＜L，其中，L为所述单体电池的长度。
本申请的单体电池，在将其多对正负电极端子均连通时，可以缩短电流导通的路径，提高过流，降低阻抗，在将其单对正负电极端子连通时，未连通的正负电极端子可以作为备用电极端子，这样在单体电池故障时，可以通过备用电极端子实现整包的维修，且单体电池的结构设计更加符合标准化，通用性更佳。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包，包括：电池包壳体；多个如上述任一种实施例所述的单体电池，所述单体电池安装于所述电池包壳体内。
本申请又提出了一种车辆。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，设置有上述任一种实施例所述的动力电池包。
所述车辆、所述动力电池包和上述的单体电池相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的极芯的结构示意图。
附图标记：
单体电池100，
极芯1，子电芯11，正极片111，负极片112，正极极耳113，负极极耳114，隔膜115。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考图1-图2描述根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，具有多对电极端子，在将其多对正负电极端子均连通时，可以缩短电流导通的路径，提高过流，降低阻抗，在将其单对正负电极端子连通时，未连通的正负电极端子可以作为备用电极端子，这样在单体电 池100故障时，可以通过备用电极端子实现整包的维修，且单体电池100的结构设计更加符合标准化，通用性更佳。
如图1-图2所示，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，其中，单体电池100的长度满足：600mm＜L，且在一些具体的执行中，600mm＜L≤1300mm，如L＝800mm，或者L＝900mm，再或者L＝1200mm，单体电池100的长度尺寸在该范围内时，单体电池100的整体结构更符合标准化的设计，可通用于不同的动力电池包1000，以扩大适用范围。
在一些实施例中，单体电池100的长度为L，单体电池100的宽度为H，单体电池100的厚度为T，满足：10＜L/H，且在一些具体的执行中，10＜L/H≤20，23≤L/T≤200，如L/H＝12，L/T＝60，或者L/H＝14，L/T＝120，再或者L/H＝18，L/T＝180。由此，单体电池100的各个设计尺寸在该范围内时，单体电池100的整体结构更符合标准化的设计，可通用于不同的动力电池包1000，以扩大适用范围。
且单体电池100的整体长度较大，以使单体电池100具有较大的电容量，利于提高续航里程，且单体电池100的长、宽、厚尺寸的比例设计利于提升整个动力电池包1000的能量密度，体积比更佳。
其中，单体电池100包括：壳体及极芯1。
极芯1位于壳体内，壳体具有多个面，且多个面中的至少两个面设有电极端子，电极端子与极芯1电连接，且电极端子延伸出壳体外，以用于引出电流，由此，便于单体电池100向外部充放电。
如图1、图2所示，每个面上的电极端子至少为两个，如图1所示，壳体的第一侧面(图2中左侧面)上的电极端子为两个，如图1所示，壳体的第二侧面(图2中右侧面)上的电极端子为两个，即壳体的相对的两个面上均设有两个电极端子，其中，两个面上的电极端子可正对设置，也可错开设置，这样，壳体包括至少四个电极端子，四个电极端子均可用于电流导通。当然，电极端子也可设于壳体的相邻的两个面上，如壳体的左侧面和前侧面均设有电极端子，或者壳体的右侧面和后侧面均设有电极端子，同样可实现极芯1与外部电流导通的作用。其中，电极端子可为柱状，也可为片状，具体可根据实际安装需求选择。
这样，在单体电池100安装使用时，极芯1可通过多对电极端子与外部电流导通，以增加单体电池100与外部电流导通的路径数目，提高过流，降低阻抗，防止当单体电池100的结构尺寸满足本申请设计的范围时内阻过大，提高单体电池100设计的合理性，提升实用性。
多对电极端子的连接状态可灵活选择，在单体电池100组装成电池包时，多对电极端子与极芯1连接成多条电流流通路径，以增加电流引出的路径的数目，其中，部分电流流 通路径可同时导通，也可单独导通，可根据实际用电状态进行选择，灵活性更佳。
在四个电极端子均电流导通时，电流可选择性地由一侧的电极端子引出，而不必流经整个电池极片的集流路径，实现双流路或多流路导通，可极大地降低单体电池100的内阻，提高单体电池100的过流能力，相比于单进单出，本申请的单体电池100的充放电效率更高，更利于节省用户的充放电时间，实用性更佳。
在将单体电池100安装于电池包且用于充放电时，至少一条电流流通路径可作为备用。由此，在单体电池100故障时，相邻的单体电池100的备用电流流通路径可连接以继续进行电流导通，电池包仍可正常使用，不需立即将单体电池100拆下更换，便于用户使用，利用后续返修。
如图2所示，极芯1上设有极耳，电极端子通过极耳与极芯1电连接，即极耳的两端可分别与电极端子和极芯1电连接，保证电极端子与极芯1之间能够稳定、有效地实现电流导通，并将极芯1内的电流引出，便于单体电池100充放电。
如图2所示，极芯1上至少设有两个极耳，一个极耳与壳体的一个面上的电极端子电连接，另一个极耳与壳体的另一个面上的电极端子电连接，便于极芯1的电流引出。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，在将其多对正负电极端子均连通时，可以增加电流导通的路径数目，缩短电流的激流路径，提高过流，降低阻抗，在将其单对正负电极端子连通时，未连通的正负电极端子可以作为备用电极端子，这样在单体电池100故障时，可以通过备用电极端子实现整包的维修，且单体电池100的电池容量大，续航能力更强，单体电池100的结构设计更加符合标准化，通用性更佳。
在一些实施例中，壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，第一端面和第二端面正对设置，第一端面上设有至少两个电极端子，第二端面上设有至少两个电极端子，如图2所示，壳体的第一端面(图2中左端面)设有两个电极端子，壳体的第二端面(图2中右端面)设有两个电极端子。其中，同一面上的部分电极端子用于与负载或电池电连接，以将单体电池100的电能引出供外部使用。
极芯1具有第一端和第二端，第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成第一极耳组，第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个第二极耳形成第二极耳组，极芯1的第一端形成有第一极耳组，极芯1的第二端形成有第二极耳组，其中，第一端面上的电极端子与第一极耳电连接，第二端面上的电极端子与第二极耳电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一端面上的多个电极端子与第一极耳组连接，第二端面上的多个电极端子与第二极耳组连接，第一极耳组、第二极耳组均与极芯1电连接，这样，极芯1可通过多条电流流路与外部电流导通，提高单体电池100的过流能力。
其中，在一个实施例中，每个面上的电极端子的极性相同，极芯1的第一端延伸出多 个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成一组第一极耳组，第一端面上设有多个正极电极端子，多个正极电极端子均与该第一极耳组相连，极芯1的第二端延伸出多个第二极耳，多个第二极耳形成一组第二极耳组，第二端面上设有多个负极电极端子，多个负极电极端子均与该第二极耳组相连，由此，第一端面上的电极端子的极性均为正极，第二端面上的电极端子的极性均为负极。
或者，极芯1的第一端延伸出多个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成至少两组第一极耳组，第一端面上设有多个正极电极端子，多个正极电极端子的至少一个与一组第一极耳组相连，多个正极电极端子的至少一个与另一组第一极耳组相连。极芯1的第二端延伸出多个第二极耳，多个第二极耳形成至少两组第二极耳组，第二端面上设有多个负极电极端子，多个负极电极端子的至少一个与一组第二极耳组相连，多个负极电极端子的至少一个与另一组第二极耳组相连，由此，第一端面上的电极端子的极性均为正极，第二端面上的电极端子的极性均为负极。
在另一些实施例中，每个面上均设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，极芯1的第一端延伸出多个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成至少两组第一极耳组。
第一端面上设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，第二端面上设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，由此，第一端面和第二端面均设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子。第一极耳组为至少2个，第二极耳组为至少2个，其中，第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，且正极极耳组与正极电极端子连接，负极极耳组与负极电极端子连接。
第一端面上的正极电极端子与第一极耳组中的正极极耳组相连，第一端面上的负极电极端子与第一极耳组中的负极极耳组相连，第二端面上的正极电极端子与第二极耳组中的正极极耳组相连，第二端面上的负极电极端子与第二极耳组中的负极极耳组相连。
第一端面上的电极端子与第一极耳组之间还设有第一引出片，第一端面上的多个电极端子与第一引出片连接，第一引出片与第一极耳组的接触长度为第一极耳组的宽度L21，和/或第二端面上的电极端子与第二极耳组之间还设有第二引出片，第二端面上的多个电极端子与第二引出片连接，第二引出片与第二极耳组的接触长度为第二极耳组的宽度L22。
由上述可知，第一引出片和第二引出片可同时设置，也可单独设置第一引出片，或者单独设置第二引出片，可根据实际的连接需求进行选择性地设置，以满足电极端子与极耳的连接需要，保证极芯1和电极端子很好的电流导通。
其中，第一引出片和第二引出片均朝向极芯延伸，这样，极芯1与电极端子通过极耳、引出片实现电连接，由此，通过设置引出片可减少因电极端子或极耳的长度过小导致的接触不良，保证极耳、电极端子均与第一引出片或第二引出片有效地接触，提高单体电池100 的电流导通的稳定性，便于长期使用。
在一些实施例中，壳体的两端均具有端板，端板上设有用于与外部电连接的电极端子，电极端子贯穿端板，即电极端子的两端分别伸至端板的两侧，其中，电极端子的第一端位于壳体内，以使电极端子的第一端与极芯1电连接，电极端子的第二端位于壳体外。电极端子的第二端用于与外部的用于设备电连接，这样，可将单体电池100内的电能输出给外部的用电设备。或者电极端子的第二端与相邻的单体电池100连接，以将多个单体电池100串联，进而使多个单体电池100同时充放电，提高电池包的使用效率。
如图2所示，壳体包括第一端板和第二端板，即端板包括第一端板和第二端板，第一端板和第二端板分别位于极芯1的两端，极芯1的两端均设有极耳。
第一端板设有第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第二端板设有第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第一电极端子和第二电极端子贯穿对应的端板，其中，第一电极端子和第二电极端子的极性不同，如第一电极端子为正极电极端子，第二电极端子为负极电极端子。
由此，第一端板和第二端板均设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，即第一端板设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，第二端板设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，由此，每个单体电池100至少包括两个正极电极端子和两个负极电极端子。正极电极端子和负极电极端子均贯穿对应的端板，这样，储电元件可通过一对正负极电极端子与外部电连接，也可通过两对正负极电极端子同时与外部电连接。
这样，在单体电池100安装于电池包时，单体电池100与外部电流导通的路径数目增加，阻抗降低，过流增强。由此，单体电池100设计多个电极端子，可降低单个电极端子的尺寸，降低单个电极端子的密封和制造难度，同时提高过流能力，可提高单体电池100使用的安全性和稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第一端板和第二端板中的至少一个设有引出片，引出片朝向极芯1的一侧，引出片与对应的极耳及对应的电极端子直接电连接，即引出片的内端与极耳电连接，引出片的外端与电极端子电连接，这样，极芯1可与电极端子通过极耳、引出片实现电连接，这样，通过设置引出片可减少因电极端子或极耳长度过短导致的接触不良，保证极耳、电极端子均与引出片有效地接触，提高单体电池100的电流导通的稳定性，便于长期使用。
其中，引出片与极耳的接触宽度为L2，即极耳的宽度L2为引出片与极耳的接触宽度，且引出片的宽度不小于极耳的接触宽度，由此，引出片与极耳的过流宽度为极耳本身的宽度L2，且极耳的宽度较大。这样，可保证引出片与极耳之间具有极佳的过流效率，提高单体电池100的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，极芯1的两端分别设有多个极耳形成的极耳组，极耳组包括正极极 耳组和负极极耳组，正极极耳组与正极电极端子电连接，负极极耳组与负极电极端子电连接，需要说明的是，正极极耳组包括多个正极极耳，多个正极极耳中的至少一个与外部的正极电极端子电连接，负极极耳组包括多个负极极耳，多个负极极耳中的至少一个与外部的负极电极端子电连接，这样，可根据实际的使用需要选择与电极端子对应连接的极耳的数量，选择灵活，便于实现的运用中灵活调整。
在一些实施例中，壳体内容纳有单个极芯1，该极芯1的一端与正极电极端子电连接，另一端与负极电极端子电连接。其中，极芯1可为叠片式极芯1，即极芯1为多个极片叠置形成，这样，每个极片的两端分别与两个端板上的电极端子电连接，保证极芯1与电极端子具有良好的导电能力。当然，极芯1也可为卷绕型极芯1，同样可实现电流导通的作用。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，极芯1包括：多个子电芯11。
如图1所示，子电芯11含有正极片111和负极片112，正极片111和负极片112之间设有隔膜115，隔膜115可将正极片111和负极片112有效地间隔开，以使正极片111和负极片112均保持正常的电流流通状态，防止正极片111和负极片112相互干涉，避免正极片111和负极片112接触短路，提高单体电池100的安全性。其中，隔膜115的面积大于正极片111、负极片112，这样，隔膜115可将正极片111和负极片112有效地隔绝。
正极片111电连接有正极极耳113，负极片112电连接有负极极耳114，如图1所示，极芯1包括至少2个子电芯11，2个子电芯11中的1个子电芯11的正极片111与另一个子电芯11的负极片112相邻设置。这样，电芯由多个正极片111和多个负极片112交叉叠置，使得单体电池100的电池容量有效地增加，且便于实现电芯的电流引出。
其中，每个子电芯11的正极极耳113和负极极耳114的引出方向相同，相邻两个子电芯11中极耳的引出方向相反，如图1所示，2个子电芯11中的第一个的正极极耳113和负极极耳114均朝第一方向(图1中左侧)引出，2个子电芯11中的第二个的正极极耳113和负极极耳114均朝第二方向(图1中右侧)引出，由此，单体电池100的多个极耳分别从不同侧引出，便于单体电池100的整体结构的分散布置，使得单体电池100的整体结构分布更加均匀。
在一些实施例中，多个子电芯11沿单体电池100的厚度方向层叠设置，如图1所示，单体电池100包括2个子电芯11，2个子电芯11沿单体电池100的厚度方向层叠设置，以使各个子电芯11相互稳定地接触，均稳定地保持在壳体内，实现相对固定，且每个子电芯11中的正极极耳113和负极极耳114沿单体电池100的宽度方向错开设置，这样，可避免正极极耳113和负极极耳114的布置位置过于集中，防止正极极耳113和负极极耳114接触短路，提供单体电池100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，壳体内容纳有单个极芯1，该极芯1的一端与正极电极端子电连接，另一端与负极电极端子电连接。其中，极芯1可为叠片式极芯1，即极芯1为多个极片叠置形成，这样，每个极片的两端分别与两个端板上的电极端子电连接，保证极芯1与电极端子具有良好的导电能力。当然，极芯1也可为卷绕型极芯1，同样可实现电流导通的作用。
在一些实施例中，极芯1中的极片还包括：集流体。
其中，极耳与集流体一体化，极耳和集流体为铜箔或铝箔经模切形成，由此，一方面极耳快速成型，降低工艺成本，另一方面极耳与集流体一体化电流的传输性能更好，且极耳的形状可按实际需求模切，易于结构成型，可灵活使用。
在另一些实施例中，极芯1的极片包括集流体，集流体包括含有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，其中绝缘材料覆盖区在极耳与电极材料覆盖区之间，且绝缘材料覆盖区具有绝缘材料层，这样，通过绝缘材料层可将极耳与电极材料覆盖区绝缘间隔开，避免二者接触短路，提高极芯1电流引出的安全性和稳定性。
在一些实施例中，单体电池100还包括：防爆阀。
其中，防爆阀设于壳体，如防爆阀设于壳体的端板，且防爆阀位于两个电极端子的外侧，防爆阀可作为单体电池100的卸压装置，用于在单体电池100内的压力异常、过高时卸压，以使容纳腔内的压力保持在较为安全的范围内，这样，可防止单体电池100的内部压力过大致整体膨胀变形，提高单体电池100使用的安全性和稳定性。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包，包括：电池包壳体和多个上述实施例中的单体电池100。
其中，单体电池100容纳于电池包壳体内，多个单体电池100依次排布设置，多个单体电池100的上端和下端均保持平齐。这样，多个单体电池100的电极端子可通过连接片串联起来，多个单体电池100可同时充放电，提高动力电池包的充放电效率，提高动力电池包的电池容量。
本申请还提出了一种车辆。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，设置有上述实施例的动力电池包，动力电池包的单体电池100故障时，其他单体电池100仍可正常使用，保证车辆始终具有稳定的动力输出，提升整车的实用性和安全性，且动力电池包维修方便。
具体实施方式
实施例1
单体电池包括壳体、位于壳体内的极芯，壳体的两个面上分别设有与极芯电连接并延 伸出壳体用于引出电流的电极端子，每个面上的电极端子为2个；极芯上设有极耳，电极端子通过极耳与极芯电连接；L为所述单体电池的长度，H为所述单体电池的宽度，L/H＝11，L＝700mm，单体电池标记为S1。
实施例2
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝13，L＝800mm，单体电池标记为S2。
实施例3
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝15，L＝900mm，单体电池标记为S3。
实施例4
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝17，L＝1000mm，单体电池标记为S4。
实施例5
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝23，L＝1200mm，L/T＝80，单体电池标记为S5。
实施例6
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝11，L＝1300mm，L/T＝200，单体电池标记为S6。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，区别点在于极芯的两端各有一组极耳，壳体的两个相对面上各有一个电极端子，单体电池标记为D1
对比例2
与实施例2相比，区别点在于极芯的两端各有一组极耳，壳体的两个相对面上各有一个电极端子，单体电池标记为D2。
对比例3
与实施例1相比，区别点在于L/H＝2.5，L＝400mm，单体电池标记为D3。
测试方法
1)电池直流阻抗(DCIR)
测试设备：充放电柜
测试方法：调节设备在常温，50％SOC，1.5C@30s条件下测得放电DCIR参数，实施例1-实施例6，对比例1-对比例3，测试结果见表1。(测试方法为本领域常见方法)
2)过流温升
测试设备：充放电柜、热电偶、安捷伦数据采集器
测试方法：调节设备在绝热环境2C持续充放电测试条件下测得正极电极端子与引出片温升参数，实施例1-实施例6，对比例1-对比例3，测试结果见表1。(测试方法为本领域常见方法)
3)能量效率测试
测试设备：充放电柜
测试方法：电连接充放电柜，在1C持续充放电3次条件下测得最后一次充放电能量效率参数，实施例1-实施例6，对比例1-对比例3，测试结果见表1。(测试方法为本领域常见方法)
表1
序号 DCIR 温升 能量效率
实施例1 0.65-0.77 10-13℃ 92％-94％
实施例2 0.69-0.83 11-17℃ 91-93％
实施例3 0.8-0.94 14-18℃ 90％-92％
实施例4 0.9-1.1 18-22℃ 89％-91％
实施例5 1.0-1.2 17-20℃ 90％-93％
实施例6 0.9-1.1 16-20℃ 89％-92％
对比例1 1.5-2.0 20-25℃ 83％-87％
对比例2 1.7-2.2 22-27℃ 86％-88％
对比例3 1.9-2.5 25-30℃ 87％-89％
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯(1)；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯(1)电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子至少为两个；所述极芯(1)上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯(1)电连接；600mm＜L，其中，L为所述单体电池(100)的长度。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，600mm＜L≤1300mm。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，10＜L/H≤20，其中，H为所述单体电池(100)的厚度。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设有至少两个所述电极端子，所述第二端面上设有至少两个所述电极端子；所述极芯(1)具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个所述第一极耳形成第一极耳组，所述第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个所述第二极耳形成第二极耳组；所述第一端面上的所述电极端子与所述第一极耳电连接，所述第二端面上的所述电极端子与所述第二极耳电连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第一极耳组连接，所述第二端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第二极耳组连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一端面上的所述电极端子与所述第一极耳组之间还设有第一引出片，所述第一端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第一引出片连接，所述第一引出片与所述第一极耳组的接触长度为所述第一极耳组的宽度；和/或所述第二端面上的所述电极端子与所述第二极耳组之间还设有第二引出片，所述第二端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第二引出片连接，所述第二引出片与所述第二极耳组的接触长度为所述第二极耳组的宽度。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，每个所述面上的所述电极端子的极性相同。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一端面上设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，所述第二端面上设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一极耳组至少2个，所述第二极耳组至少2个；所述第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述正极极耳组与所述正极电极端子连接，所述负极极耳组与所述负极电极端子连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体包括第一端板和第二端板，所述第一端板和所述第二端板分别位于所述极芯的两端，所述极芯(1)的两端均设有所述极耳；所述第一端板设有第一电极端子和第二电极端子，所述第二端板设有所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子贯穿对应的端板。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一端板和所述第二端板中的至少一个的朝向所述极芯(1)的一侧设有引出片，所述引出片与对应所述极耳及对应所述电极端子直接电连接，所述引出片与对应所述极耳的接触长度为所述极耳的宽度。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)包括：多个子电芯(11)，所述子电芯(11)含有正极片(111)和负极片(112)，所述正极片(111)电连接有正极极耳(113)，所述负极片(112)电连接有负极极耳(114)；每个所述子电芯(11)的所述正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)的引出方向相同，相邻两个所述子电芯(11)中极耳的引出方向相反。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，多个所述子电芯(11)沿所述单体电池(100)的厚度方向层叠设置，每个所述子电芯(11)中的所述正极极耳(113)和所述负极极耳(114)沿所述单体电池(100)的宽度方向错开设置。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体内容纳有单个所述极芯(1)。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)中的极片还包括：集流体，所述极耳与所述集流体一体化。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)的极片包括集流体，所述集流体含 有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，所述绝缘材料覆盖区在所述极耳和所述电极材料覆盖区之间，所述绝缘材料区覆盖有绝缘材料层。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，同一面上的部分电极端子用于与负载或电池电连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，还包括：防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述壳体，且位于两个所述电极端子的外侧。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包，包括：电池包壳体；多个如上述实施例中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，所述单体电池(100)容纳于所述电池包壳体内。
本申请还提出了一种车辆，具有上述实施例所述的动力电池包。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种单体电池(100)，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯(1)；
    所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯(1)电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子至少为两个；
    所述极芯(1)上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯(1)电连接；
    600mm＜L，其中，L为所述单体电池(100)的长度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，600mm＜L≤1300mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，10＜L/H≤20，其中，H为所述单体电池(100)的厚度。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设有至少两个所述电极端子，所述第二端面上设有至少两个所述电极端子；
    所述极芯(1)具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个所述第一极耳形成第一极耳组，所述第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个所述第二极耳形成第二极耳组；
    所述第一端面上的所述电极端子与所述第一极耳电连接，所述第二端面上的所述电极端子与所述第二极耳电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第一极耳组连接，所述第二端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第二极耳组连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一端面上的所述电极端子与所述第一极耳组之间还设有第一引出片，所述第一端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第一引出片连接，所述第一引出片与所述第一极耳组的接触长度为所述第一极耳组的宽度；
    和/或所述第二端面上的所述电极端子与所述第二极耳组之间还设有第二引出片，所述第二端面上的多个所述电极端子与所述第二引出片连接，所述第二引出片与所述第二极耳组的接触长度为所述第二极耳组的宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，每个所述面上的所述电极端子的极性相同。
  8. 根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一端面上 设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，所述第二端面上设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一极耳组至少2个，所述第二极耳组至少2个；
    所述第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述正极极耳组与所述正极电极端子连接，所述负极极耳组与所述负极电极端子连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体包括第一端板和第二端板，所述第一端板和所述第二端板分别位于所述极芯的两端，所述极芯(1)的两端均设有所述极耳；
    所述第一端板设有第一电极端子和第二电极端子，所述第二端板设有所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子贯穿对应的端板。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一端板和所述第二端板中的至少一个的朝向所述极芯(1)的一侧设有引出片，所述引出片与对应所述极耳及对应所述电极端子直接电连接，所述引出片与对应所述极耳的接触长度为所述极耳的宽度。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)包括：多个子电芯(11)，所述子电芯(11)含有正极片(111)和负极片(112)，所述正极片(111)电连接有正极极耳(113)，所述负极片(112)电连接有负极极耳(114)；
    每个所述子电芯(11)的所述正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)的引出方向相同，相邻两个所述子电芯(11)中极耳的引出方向相反。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，多个所述子电芯(11)沿所述单体电池(100)的厚度方向层叠设置，每个所述子电芯(11)中的所述正极极耳(113)和所述负极极耳(114)沿所述单体电池(100)的宽度方向错开设置。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体内容纳有单个所述极芯(1)。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)中的极片还包括：集流体，所述极耳与所述集流体一体化。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)的极片包括集流体，所述集流体含有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，所述绝缘材料覆盖区在所述极耳和所述电极材料覆盖区之间，所述绝缘材料区覆盖有绝缘材料层。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，同一面上的部分电极端子用于与负载或电池电连接。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，还包括：防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述壳体，且位于两个所述电极端子的外侧。
  20. 一种动力电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    电池包壳体；
    多个如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，所述单体电池(100)容纳于所述电池包壳体内。
  21. 一种车辆，其特征在于，具有如权利要求20所述的动力电池包。
PCT/CN2019/092732 2019-06-21 2019-06-25 单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 Ceased WO2020252803A1 (zh)

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