WO2020238581A1 - Soc修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质 - Google Patents

Soc修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2020238581A1
WO2020238581A1 PCT/CN2020/089178 CN2020089178W WO2020238581A1 WO 2020238581 A1 WO2020238581 A1 WO 2020238581A1 CN 2020089178 W CN2020089178 W CN 2020089178W WO 2020238581 A1 WO2020238581 A1 WO 2020238581A1
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steady
state
soc
ocv
current
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PCT/CN2020/089178
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杜明树
李世超
阮见
汤慎之
卢艳华
张伟
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an SOC correction method and device, a battery management system, and a storage medium.
  • SOC State of Charge, state of charge
  • SOC estimation is one of the most important functions of the battery management system. It is used to realize the battery management system's power indicator, remaining mileage, overcharge and overdischarge protection, battery equalization, charge control, and battery health prediction.
  • the open circuit voltage method is mainly used to estimate the SOC. Specifically, the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage OCV and the SOC in the steady state of the cell is used to obtain the steady state battery SOC (ie, steady state SOC).
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an SOC correction method and device, a battery management system, and a storage medium that can quickly estimate the steady-state OCV through the external circuit characteristics of the battery when the battery is left for a short time, and improve the applicability of the open circuit voltage method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a SOC correction method, and the SOC correction method includes:
  • the steady-state battery model used to characterize the change of the open circuit voltage OCV with time in the steady state, and the steady-state time threshold used to characterize whether the resting time is sufficient;
  • the preset resting condition is that the current of the battery core is less than the preset current threshold.
  • the cell state data includes: SOH, voltage, current, and temperature; all pending parameters of the steady-state battery model are determined by the current SOH, voltage, current, and temperature; or Some of the undetermined parameters of the steady-state battery model are determined by the current SOH, voltage, current and temperature, and the remaining undetermined parameters are obtained by fitting all the voltage data from the time the preset resting conditions are met to the current moment.
  • the steady-state time threshold is determined by the SOH and/or temperature at the current moment.
  • using a steady-state battery model to process a steady-state time threshold to obtain a steady-state OCV estimated value includes: judging whether the battery state data meets a preset parameter credibility condition; If the cell state data meets the preset parameter credibility conditions, the steady-state battery model is used to process the steady-state time threshold to obtain the steady-state OCV estimated value; among them, the preset credible parameters include: the cell is at rest The voltage change value during the setting period is greater than the preset change threshold, the temperature of the battery cell during the rest period is within the preset temperature range, and the rest time period of the battery cell is greater than the first preset time period.
  • the timing for judging the preset parameter credibility condition is: the battery cell does not meet the preset resting condition, and/or the battery cell is resting for each second preset time period.
  • the method further includes: if the cell state data does not meet the preset parameter credibility conditions, determining the non-steady state OCV, the non-steady state OCV is the current The difference between the voltage at the last moment of standing and the compensation value of the polarization voltage; use the preset corresponding relationship between the non-steady OCV and the SOC to obtain the SOC corresponding to the non-steady OCV; use the corresponding to the non-steady OCV SOC revises the current SOC.
  • the polarization voltage compensation value is determined by the current and temperature of the cell at the last moment of the end of this resting, or the voltage and temperature during this resting.
  • using the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV to correct the current SOC includes: determining the direction of the voltage rebound of the cell during the resting period; if the direction of the voltage rebound is the voltage increase , And the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is greater than the current SOC, use the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV to correct the current SOC; if the voltage rebound direction is the voltage decrease, and the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is less than the current SOC , Then use the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV to correct the current SOC.
  • using the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV to correct the current SOC includes: calculating the difference between the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV and the current SOC; if the absolute value of the difference is If it is greater than the preset difference threshold, the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is used to modify the current SOC.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an SOC correction device.
  • the SOC correction device includes: a battery cell state data obtaining module for obtaining battery cell state data when the battery cell satisfies a preset resting condition; a stable state battery
  • the model and the steady-state time threshold determination module are used to determine the steady-state battery model used to characterize the change of the open circuit voltage OCV with time during the steady state according to the battery state data, and the steady state used to characterize whether the resting time is sufficient Time threshold; steady-state OCV estimation module, used to use the steady-state battery model to process the steady-state time threshold to obtain the steady-state OCV estimated value;
  • SOC determination module used to use the preset correspondence between steady-state OCV and SOC , Determine the SOC corresponding to the estimated value of the steady-state OCV; the SOC correction module is used to correct the current SOC with the SOC corresponding to the estimated value of the steady-state OCV.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, which includes the above-mentioned SOC correction device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium on which a program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above SOC correction method is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application first determines the steady-state battery model according to the battery cell state data under the preset resting conditions. Characterize the trend of OCV change with time during the steady state, then use the steady state battery model to process the steady state time threshold to obtain the steady state OCV estimated value, and then use the preset steady state OCV and SOC corresponding relationship to determine the steady state OCV Estimate the SOC corresponding to the estimated value, and use the SOC corresponding to the steady-state OCV estimated value to correct the current SOC.
  • the embodiment of the present application can use the external circuit characteristics of the battery when the battery is left for a short time to determine the steady state battery model used to characterize the time change of the open circuit voltage OCV in the steady state, and then The steady-state battery model is used to estimate the steady-state OCV, thereby reducing the time required to obtain the steady-state OCV, thereby increasing the opportunity for SOC correction, and improving the applicability of the open circuit voltage method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by an embodiment of this application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage variation curve with time obtained based on a time sequence and its corresponding voltage sequence according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a SOC correction device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a SOC correction method and device, a battery management system, and a storage medium.
  • a model when the battery open circuit voltage tends to a steady state can be established.
  • the external circuit characteristics estimate the steady-state open-circuit voltage, thereby reducing the time required to obtain the steady-state open-circuit voltage, and overcoming the problem of too long time required to obtain the open-circuit voltage to reach the steady state, thereby increasing the chance of SOC correction and improving the open-circuit voltage method Applicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 1, the SOC correction method includes steps 101 to 105.
  • step 101 obtain battery cell state data when the battery cell satisfies a preset resting condition.
  • the battery state data includes: SOH (State of Health), that is, the percentage of the battery's full charge capacity to the rated capacity, which is used to indicate the battery's ability to store charge.
  • SOH State of Health
  • the SOH of the new factory battery is 100%, and the SOH of the completely scrapped battery is 0%.
  • the SOH value can be considered unchanged in a short period of time.
  • the battery status data includes voltage, current, temperature, etc.
  • the preset resting condition is that the current of the battery cell is less than the preset current threshold.
  • the preset current threshold can be obtained by looking up the mapping relationship between the preset SOC, temperature and the preset current threshold according to the SOC and temperature of the cell at the current moment.
  • step 102 according to the battery state data, a steady-state battery model used to characterize the change of the open circuit voltage OCV with time in the stable state and a steady-state time threshold Tt used to characterize whether the resting time is sufficient are determined.
  • this step if the resting time this time reaches the steady-state time threshold Tt, it indicates that the time has come to calculate the steady-state OCV estimated value based on the steady-state battery model.
  • the steady-state time threshold Tt can be obtained by looking up the mapping relationship between the pre-calibrated SOH and/or temperature and the steady-state time threshold according to the SOH and temperature of the cell at the current moment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage variation curve with time obtained based on a time sequence and its corresponding voltage sequence provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the abscissa in FIG. 2 is time and the ordinate is voltage.
  • the voltage corresponding to time t1 is V1
  • the voltage corresponding to time t2 is V2
  • the voltage corresponding to time t12 is V12
  • the voltage corresponding to time t13 is V13.
  • a steady state battery model can be used to characterize the change curve in FIG. 2.
  • V(t) is the voltage of the battery that changes with time in the steady state:
  • a 1 , b 1 , c 1 , c′ 1 , d 1 are model parameters to be determined, and e is the natural base.
  • a 2 , b 2 , c 2 , d 2 are model parameters to be determined, and e is a natural base.
  • a 3 , b 3 , and c 3 are the model parameters to be determined, and e is the natural base.
  • steady-state battery models involved in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above three types, and also include simplifications and deformations of the models, which are not limited here.
  • step 103 the steady-state time threshold Tt is processed using the steady-state battery model to obtain the steady-state OCV estimated value.
  • the steady-state time threshold Tt can be substituted into the above-mentioned steady-state battery model, and the output value is the steady-state OCV estimated value.
  • step 104 the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV is determined by using the preset correspondence between the steady-state OCV and the SOC.
  • step 105 the current SOC is corrected using the SOC corresponding to the steady-state OCV estimated value.
  • the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV value can be used as the new SOC.
  • the embodiment of the present application first determines the steady-state battery model according to the battery cell state data under the preset resting conditions. Characterize the trend of OCV change with time during the steady state, then use the steady state battery model to process the steady state time threshold to obtain the steady state OCV estimated value, and then use the preset steady state OCV and SOC corresponding relationship to determine the steady state OCV Estimate the SOC corresponding to the estimated value, and use the SOC corresponding to the steady-state OCV estimated value to correct the current SOC.
  • the embodiment of the present application can use the external circuit characteristics of the battery when the battery is left for a short time to determine the steady state battery model used to characterize the time change of the open circuit voltage OCV in the steady state, and then The steady-state battery model is used to estimate the steady-state OCV, thereby reducing the time required to obtain the steady-state OCV, thereby increasing the opportunity for SOC correction, and improving the applicability of the open circuit voltage method.
  • all the pending parameters of the above-mentioned steady-state battery model can be obtained from the current SOH, voltage, current, and temperature, and the mapping relationship between the calibrated SOH, current, temperature, and voltage under the look-up table line and the model's pending parameters. .
  • Fitting algorithms include but are not limited to least squares method and its variations, genetic algorithm or other parameter fitting methods, etc.
  • the determination of the undetermined parameters of the steady-state battery model in the embodiments of the present application can be performed continuously, that is, the undetermined parameters of the steady-state battery model are continuously updated as the cell rest time increases.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • step 103 in FIG. 1 can be refined into steps 1031 to 1035 in FIG. 3.
  • step 1031 it is determined whether the battery state data meets the preset parameter credibility condition.
  • the preset credible conditions for the parameters include: the voltage change value of the cell during the rest period is greater than the preset change threshold, the temperature of the cell during the rest period is within the preset temperature range, and the rest time of the cell Greater than the first preset duration.
  • the voltage change value and the resting time by limiting the voltage change value and the resting time, it can ensure that the voltage data used to determine the undetermined parameters of the battery model participating in the steady state is sufficient, and by limiting the temperature, it can ensure the participation in the steady state.
  • the voltage data determined by the undetermined parameters of the battery model are in normal operating conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of model estimation.
  • the cell does not meet the preset resting conditions, that is, continue to collect the cell state data when the cell meets the resting conditions, until the cell does not meet the above preset resting conditions, perform the parameter credibility condition judgment.
  • step 1032 if the cell state data meets the preset parameter credibility condition, the steady-state battery model is used to process the steady-state time threshold to obtain the steady-state OCV estimated value. Then perform step 104 and step 105, use the preset corresponding relationship between steady-state OCV and SOC to determine the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV, and use the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV to correct the current SOC. .
  • step 1033 if the cell state data does not meet the preset parameter credibility conditions, then the unsteady OCV is calculated.
  • the non-steady OCV is equal to the difference between the voltage of the cell at the end of standing and the compensation value of the polarization voltage.
  • the mapping relationship between the current, temperature and the polarization voltage compensation value calibrated under the meter line can be checked to obtain the cell at the end of the resting The voltage at a time and the polarization voltage compensation value at that time.
  • the polarization compensation value can also be determined according to the statistical characteristics (such as root mean square value) of the voltage and temperature of the cell during this resting period, and the mapping relationship between the statistical characteristics of the table and the polarization compensation value. .
  • step 1034 the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is obtained by using the preset correspondence between the unsteady OCV and the SOC.
  • step 1035 the current SOC is corrected using the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also determine the non-steady-state OCV when the cell state data does not meet the preset parameter credibility conditions, thereby reducing the acquisition of steady-state OCV.
  • the time required for OCV further increases the opportunity for SOC correction and improves the applicability of the open circuit voltage method.
  • the following correction strategy may be adopted before the SOC corresponding to the non-steady-state OCV is used to correct the current SOC:
  • the direction of the voltage rebound is the voltage increase, that is, the voltage curve with time during the rest period is monotonously increasing, indicating that the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is the lower limit of the credible SOC.
  • the unsteady OCV The corresponding SOC is greater than the current SOC, and then the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is used to correct the current SOC.
  • the direction of voltage rebound is voltage decrease, that is, the voltage curve with time during the rest period is monotonously decreasing, indicating that the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is the upper limit of the credible SOC.
  • the corresponding SOC is less than the current SOC, and then the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV is used to correct the current SOC.
  • the following correction strategy may be adopted before the SOC corresponding to the non-steady-state OCV is used to correct the current SOC:
  • the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV and the current SOC can be weighted, and the current SOC can be corrected by using the weighted SOC value.
  • the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV can be regarded as the SOC with a certain degree of credibility, and the current SOC that has been seriously inaccurate is filtered to obtain the SOC with a slightly smaller error.
  • the average value of the current SOC and the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV can be calculated, and the current SOC can be corrected using the average value.
  • the weighted proportion of the SOC corresponding to the unsteady OCV can also be increased, which is not limited here.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a SOC correction method provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • the SOC correction method shown in FIG. 4 includes steps 401 to 410, which are used to illustrate the SOC correction method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • step 401 it is determined whether the battery cell is in a resting condition, if yes, step 402 is executed, otherwise, step 401 is returned.
  • step 402 if the battery cell satisfies the resting condition, the voltage sequence, current sequence, temperature sequence, and time sequence of the battery cell are recorded.
  • step 403 the undetermined parameters of the steady-state battery model are obtained according to the current SOH of the battery cell and the aforementioned voltage sequence, current sequence, and temperature sequence.
  • step 404 it is determined whether the parameter credibility condition is met, if so, step 405 is executed, otherwise, step 408 is executed.
  • step 405 the steady-state OCV (steady-state OCV) is estimated based on the steady-state battery model in step 403.
  • step 406 according to the estimated steady-state OCV, the mapping relationship between the steady-state OCV and the SOC is checked to determine the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV.
  • step 407 the current SOC is corrected according to the SOC corresponding to the estimated steady-state OCV.
  • step 408 an unsteady OCV is estimated.
  • step 409 according to the unsteady OCV, the mapping relationship of the unsteady OCV-SOC is looked up to determine the SOC corresponding to the estimated unsteady OCV.
  • step 410 the current SOC is corrected according to the SOC corresponding to the estimated unsteady OCV.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an SOC correction device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the SOC correction device includes: a cell state data obtaining module 501, a steady state battery model, and a steady state time threshold determination module 502, The steady-state OCV estimation module 503, the SOC determination module 504, and the SOC correction module 505.
  • the cell state data obtaining module 501 is used to obtain cell state data when the cell satisfies a preset resting condition.
  • the steady-state battery model and the steady-state time threshold determination module 502 are used to determine the steady-state battery model used to characterize the change of the open circuit voltage OCV with time in the steady state according to the battery state data, and to indicate whether the resting time Sufficient steady-state time threshold.
  • the steady-state OCV estimation module 503 is used to process the steady-state time threshold using the steady-state battery model to obtain the steady-state OCV estimated value.
  • the SOC determination module 504 is used to determine the SOC corresponding to the estimated value of the steady-state OCV by using the preset corresponding relationship between the steady-state OCV and the SOC.
  • the SOC correction module 505 is used to correct the current SOC using the SOC corresponding to the steady-state OCV estimated value.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery management system, which includes the above-mentioned SOC correction device.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium on which a program is stored, where the program is executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned SOC correction method.

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Abstract

一种SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质，该方法包括：获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据（101）；根据电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值（102）；利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值（103）；利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC（104）；利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC（105）。该方法能够通过电池短时间静置时的外电路特性，快速估算稳态OCV，提高开路电压法的适用性。

Description

SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年05月24日提交的名称为“SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质”的中国专利申请第201910441469.1号的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质。
背景技术
SOC(State of Charge，荷电状态)代表电池使用一段时间或长期搁置不用后剩余容量与其完全充电状态的容量的比值，当SOC＝0时表示电池放电完全，当SOC＝1时表示电池完全充满。SOC估算是电池管理系统最重要的功能之一，用于实现电池管理系统的电量指示、剩余里程、过充过放保护、电池均衡、充电控制及电池健康状况预测。
现有技术中主要采用开路电压法进行SOC估算，具体为利用电芯稳态下开路电压OCV和SOC的对应关系，得到稳定状态的电池SOC(即稳态SOC)。
但是，稳态OCV的获得通常需要静置较长时间(数小时以上)，而实际使用工况中，电芯长时间静置的机会较少，因此，获取稳态OCV的机会极少，降低了开路电压法的适用性。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质，能够通过电池短时间静置时的外电路特性，快速估算稳态OCV，提 高开路电压法的适用性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种SOC修正方法，该SOC修正方法包括：
获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据；
根据电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值；
利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；
利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC；
利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，预设静置条件为电芯的电流小于预设电流阈值。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，电芯状态数据包括：SOH、电压、电流和温度；趋稳态电池模型的所有待定参数由当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度确定；或者，趋稳态电池模型的部分待定参数由当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度确定，剩余待定参数由从满足预设静置条件开始至当前时刻的所有电压数据拟合得到。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，稳态时间阈值由当前时刻的SOH和/或温度确定。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值，包括：判断电芯状态数据是否满足预设的参数可信条件；若电芯状态数据满足预设的参数可信条件，则利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；其中，预设的参数可信条件包括：电芯在静置期间的电压变化值大于预设变化阈值，电芯在静置期间的温度处于预设的温度范围内，以及电芯的静置时长大于第一预设时长。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，预设的参数可信条件的判断时机为：电芯不满足预设静置条件，和/或电芯每静置一个第二预设时长。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，该方法还包括：若电芯状态数 据不满足预设的参数可信条件，则确定非稳态OCV，非稳态OCV为电芯在本次静置结束最后一个时刻的电压和极化电压补偿值的差值；利用预设的非稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，得到与非稳态OCV对应的SOC；利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，极化电压补偿值由电芯在本次静置结束最后一个时刻的电流和温度，或者本次静置期间的电压和温度确定。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC，包括：确定电芯在静置期间的电压回弹方向；若电压回弹方向为电压增大，且与非稳态OCV对应的SOC大于当前SOC，则利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC；若电压回弹方向为电压减小，且与非稳态OCV对应的SOC小于当前SOC，则利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
在第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC，包括：计算与非稳态OCV对应的SOC和当前SOC的差值；若差值的绝对值大于预设差值阈值，则利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种SOC修正装置，该SOC修正装置包括：电芯状态数据获得模块，用于获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据；趋稳态电池模型及稳态时间阈值确定模块，用于根据电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值；稳态OCV预估模块，用于利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；SOC确定模块，用于利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC；SOC修正模块，用于利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池管理系统，该电池管理系统包括如上所述的SOC修正装置。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种存储介质，其上存储有程序，程序 被处理器执行时实现如上所述的SOC修正方法。
如上所述，为了避免SOC估算时稳态OCV需要静置较长时间的问题，本申请实施例首先根据电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据确定出趋稳态电池模型，以表征趋稳态时OCV随时间变化趋势，然后利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值得到稳态OCV预估值，接着利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC，并利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
与现有技术中的开路电压法相比，本申请实施例能够利用电池短时间静置时的外电路特性，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，然后利用该趋稳态电池模型预估稳态OCV，从而减小获取稳态OCV所需时间，进而增加了SOC的修正机会，提高了开路电压法的适用性。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果，其中的附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的基于时间序列及其对应的电压序列得到的电压随时间的变化曲线示意图；
图3为本申请另一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图；
图4为本申请又一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图
图5为本申请实施例提供的SOC修正装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。
本申请实施例提供一种SOC修正方法和装置、电池管理系统和存储介质，采用本申请实施例中的技术方案，能够建立电池开路电压趋于稳态时的模型，通过电池短时间静置时的外电路特性估算稳态时的开路电压，从 而减小获取稳态开路电压所需时间，克服获取开路电压达到稳态所需时间过长的问题，进而增加SOC的修正机会，提高开路电压法的适用性。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图。如图1所示，该SOC修正方法包括步骤101至步骤105。
在步骤101中，获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据。
其中，电芯状态数据包括：SOH(State of Health)，即电池满充容量相对额定容量的百分比，用于表示电池可存储电荷的能力。新出厂电池的SOH为100％，完全报废电池的SOH为0％，短时间段内SOH的值可以认为不变。
电芯状态数据包括还包括：电压、电流和温度等。
在一示例中，预设静置条件为电芯的电流小于预设电流阈值。
其中，预设电流阈值可以根据当前时刻电芯的SOC和温度，查表预标定的SOC、温度与预设电流阈值的映射关系得到。
具体实施时，当电芯满足预设的静置条件后，可以记录电芯的SOH，电压序列UList＝[V1,V2,…Vn]、电流序列IList＝[I1,I2,…,In]、温度序列TList＝[T1,T2,…Tn]和时间序列TimeList＝[t1,t2,…,tn]，并累计满足静置条件的时间Te。
在步骤102中，根据电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值Tt。
该步骤中，若本次静置时间达到稳态时间阈值Tt，说明根据趋稳态电池模型计算稳态OCV预估值的时机已到。
具体实施时，稳态时间阈值Tt可以根据当前时刻的电芯的SOH和温度，查表预标定的SOH和/或温度与稳态时间阈值的映射关系得到。
图2为本申请实施例提供的基于时间序列及其对应的电压序列得到的电压随时间的变化曲线示意图。
图2中的横坐标为时间，纵坐标为电压，t1时刻对应的电压为V1，t2时刻对应的电压为V2，t12时刻对应的电压为V12，t13时刻对应的电压为V13。
根据本申请实施例，可以利用趋稳态电池模型表征图2中的变化曲线。
下面给出三种趋稳态电池模型，其中，V(t)为趋稳态时电池随时间变化的电压：
模型1：
Figure PCTCN2020089178-appb-000001
其中，a 1,b 1,c 1,c′ 1,d 1为模型待定参数，e为自然底数。
模型2：
Figure PCTCN2020089178-appb-000002
其中，a 2,b 2,c 2,d 2为模型待定参数，e为自然底数。
模型3：
Figure PCTCN2020089178-appb-000003
其中，a 3,b 3,c 3为模型待定参数，e为自然底数。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例涉及的趋稳态电池模型不局限于上述三种，还包括各模型的简化及其变形，此处不进行限定。
在步骤103中，利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值Tt，得到稳态OCV预估值。
具体实施时，可以将稳态时间阈值Tt代入到上述趋稳态电池模型中，输出值即为稳态OCV预估值。
在步骤104中，利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC。
在步骤105中，利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
也就是说，可以将与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC作为新的SOC。
如上所述，为了避免SOC估算时稳态OCV需要静置较长时间的问题，本申请实施例首先根据电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据确定出趋稳态电池模型，以表征趋稳态时OCV随时间变化趋势，然后利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值得到稳态OCV预估值，接着利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC，并利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
与现有技术中的开路电压法相比，本申请实施例能够利用电池短时间 静置时的外电路特性，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，然后利用该趋稳态电池模型预估稳态OCV，从而减小获取稳态OCV所需时间，进而增加了SOC的修正机会，提高了开路电压法的适用性。
下面对获得趋稳态电池模型的待定参数的方式进行说明。
在一示例中，上述趋稳态电池模型的所有待定参数可以由当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度，查表线下的标定的SOH、电流、温度、电压与模型待定参数的映射关系得到。
在一示例中，上述趋稳态电池模型的部分待定参数可以由当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度确定，剩余待定参数可以由从满足预设静置条件开始至当前时刻的电压序列UList＝[V1,V2,…Vn]拟合得到。拟合算法包括但不限于最小二乘法及其变化形式，遗传算法或其他参数拟合方法等。
比如，针对上文中的趋稳态电池模型3，可以通过当前的电芯SOH、电流、温度和电压和线下标定的电流、温度、电压、SOH与模型参数c 3的映射关系表，查表确定模型参数c 3值，然后采用递推最小二乘法拟合UList＝[V1,V2,…Vn]获得待定参数a 3和b 3。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以根据需要选择合适的模型待定参数确定方法，此处不进行限定。此外，本申请实施例中的对趋稳态电池模型的待定参数的确定可以连续进行，即随着电芯静置时间的延长，不断更新趋稳态电池模型的待定参数。
图3为本申请另一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图。
图3与图1的不同之处在于，图1中的步骤103可细化为图3中的步骤1031至步骤1035。
在步骤1031中，判断电芯状态数据是否满足预设的参数可信条件。
其中，预设的参数可信条件包括：电芯在静置期间的电压变化值大于预设变化阈值，电芯在静置期间的温度处于预设的温度范围内，以及电芯的静置时长大于第一预设时长。
在本申请实施例中，通过对电压变化值和静置时长的限定，能够确保用于参与趋稳态电池模型待定参数确定的电压数据充足，以及通过对温度的限定，能够确保参与趋稳态电池模型待定参数确定的电压数据处于正常工况，从而提高模型估算的准确度。
根据本申请实施例，预设的参数可信条件的判断时机有以下两种：
(1)电芯不满足预设静置条件，即持续采集电芯满足静置条件下的电芯状态数据，直到电芯不满足上述的预设静置条件时，执行对参数可信条件的判断。
(2)电芯每静置一个第二预设时长，即持续采集电芯满足静置条件下的电芯状态数据，每隔一段时间(即第二预设时长)，执行一次对参数可信条件的判断，对应地计算一次稳态OCV。
本领域技术人员可以根据需要选择任一判断时机，也可以将两个判断时机结合使用，此处不进行限定。
在步骤1032中，若电芯状态数据满足所述预设的参数可信条件，则利用趋稳态电池模型处理所述稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值。然后执行步骤104和步骤105，利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC，并利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC即可。
在步骤1033中，若电芯状态数据不满足预设的参数可信条件，则计算非稳态OCV。
其中，非稳态OCV等于电芯在静置结束最后一个时刻的电压和极化电压补偿值的差值。
在一示例中，可以根据电芯在本次静置结束最后一个时刻的电流和温度，查表线下标定的电流、温度与极化电压补偿值的映射关系，得到电芯在静置结束最后一个时刻的电压和该时刻下的极化电压补偿值。
在一示例中，也可以根据电芯在本次静置期间的电压和温度的统计特征(比如均方根值等)，查表统计特征与极化补偿值的映射关系，确定极化补偿值。
在步骤1034中，利用预设的非稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，得到与非稳态OCV对应的SOC。
在步骤1035中，利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
也就是说，与现有技术中的开路电压法相比，本申请实施例还能够在电芯状态数据不满足预设的参数可信条件的情况下确定非稳态OCV，从而减小获取稳态OCV所需时间，进一步增加了SOC的修正机会，提高了开路电压法的适用性。
在一可选实施例中，不同于稳态OCV的直接修正方式，为了避免对SOC修正过度，在利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC前，可以采用以下修正策略：
先确定电芯在静置期间的电压回弹方向。
若电压回弹方向为电压增大，即静置期间电压随时间的变化曲线为单调递增，说明与非稳态OCV对应的SOC为可信SOC的下限，此时只有在确定与非稳态OCV对应的SOC大于当前SOC，再利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
若电压回弹方向为电压减小，即静置期间电压随时间的变化曲线为单调递减，说明与非稳态OCV对应的SOC为可信SOC的上限，此时只有在确定与非稳态OCV对应的SOC小于当前SOC，再利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
在一可选实施例中，不同于稳态OCV的直接修正方式，为了节约计算资源，在利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC前，可以采用以下修正策略：
计算与非稳态OCV对应的SOC和当前SOC的差值，若差值的绝对值大于预设差值阈值，则利用与非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
进一步地，为了避免修正过度，可以对与非稳态OCV对应的SOC和当前SOC做加权处理，利用加权处理后的SOC值修正当前SOC。
该实施例中，非稳态OCV对应的SOC可以作为具有一定可信度的SOC，将已经严重不准的当前SOC滤波处理得到误差稍小的SOC。在一示例中，可以计算当前SOC和与非稳态OCV对应SOC的平均值，利用该平 均值修正当前SOC。当然，也可以提高与非稳态OCV对应的SOC的加权比重，此处不做限定。
图4为本申请又一实施例提供的SOC修正方法的流程示意图。
图4中示出的SOC修正方法包括步骤401至步骤410，用于对本申请实施例的SOC修正方法进行举例说明。
在步骤401中，判断电芯是否处于静置条件，若是，则执行步骤402，否则返回步骤401。
在步骤402中，若电芯满足静置条件，记录电芯的电压序列、电流序列、温度序列和时间序列。
在步骤403中，根据电芯当前时刻的SOH、以及上述电压序列、电流序列、温度序列，获得趋稳态电池模型的待定参数。
在步骤404中，判断是否满足参数可信条件，若是，则执行步骤405，否则执行步骤408。
在步骤405中，根据步骤403中的趋稳态电池模型，预估达到稳态时的OCV(稳态OCV)。
在步骤406中，根据预估稳态OCV，查表稳态OCV与SOC的映射关系，确定与预估稳态OCV对应的SOC。
在步骤407中，根据与预估稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
在步骤408中，预估非稳态OCV。
在步骤409中，根据非稳态OCV，查表非稳态OCV-SOC的映射关系，确定与预估非稳态OCV对应的SOC。
在步骤410中，根据与预估非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
图5为本申请实施例提供的SOC修正装置的结构示意图，如图5所示，该SOC修正装置包括：电芯状态数据获得模块501、趋稳态电池模型及稳态时间阈值确定模块502、稳态OCV预估模块503、SOC确定模块504和SOC修正模块505。
其中，电芯状态数据获得模块501用于获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据。
趋稳态电池模型及稳态时间阈值确定模块502用于根据电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值。
稳态OCV预估模块503用于利用趋稳态电池模型处理稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值。
SOC确定模块504用于利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC。
SOC修正模块505用于利用与稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理系统，该电池管理系统包括如上所述的SOC修正装置。
本申请实施例还提供一种存储介质，其上存储有程序，其中，程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的SOC修正方法。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种SOC修正方法，包括：
    获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据；
    根据所述电芯状态数据确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值；
    利用所述趋稳态电池模型处理所述稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；
    利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与所述稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC；
    利用与所述稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述预设静置条件为所述电芯的电流小于预设电流阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    所述电芯状态数据包括：SOH、电压、电流和温度；
    所述趋稳态电池模型的所有待定参数由当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度确定；
    或者，所述趋稳态电池模型的部分待定参数由所述当前时刻的SOH、电压、电流和温度确定，剩余待定参数由从满足所述预设静置条件开始至当前时刻的所有电压数据拟合得到。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述稳态时间阈值由当前时刻的SOH和/或温度确定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述利用所述趋稳态电池模型处理所述稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值，包括：
    判断所述电芯状态数据是否满足预设的参数可信条件；
    若所述电芯状态数据满足所述预设的参数可信条件，则利用所述趋稳态电池模型处理所述稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；
    其中，所述预设的参数可信条件包括：所述电芯在静置期间的电压变化值大于预设变化阈值，所述电芯在静置期间的温度处于预设的温度范围内，以及所述电芯的静置时长大于第一预设时长。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述预设的参数可信条件的判断时机为：所述电芯不满足所述预设静置条件，和/或所述电芯每静置一个第二预设时长。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    若所述电芯状态数据不满足所述预设的参数可信条件，则计算非稳态OCV，所述非稳态OCV为所述电芯在本次静置结束最后一个时刻的电压和极化电压补偿值的差值；
    利用预设的非稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，得到与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC；
    利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述极化电压补偿值由所述电芯在本次静置结束最后一个时刻的电流和温度，或者本次静置期间的电压和温度确定。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC，包括：
    确定所述电芯在静置期间的电压回弹方向；
    若所述电压回弹方向为电压增大，且与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC大于所述当前SOC，则利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC；
    若所述电压回弹方向为电压减小，且与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC小于所述当前SOC，则利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC，包括：
    计算与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC和当前SOC的差值；
    若所述差值的绝对值大于预设差值阈值，则利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述利用与所述非稳态OCV对应的SOC修正当前SOC，包括：
    对与非稳态OCV对应的SOC和当前SOC做加权处理，利用加权处理后的SOC值修正当前SOC。
  12. 一种SOC修正装置，其中，包括：
    电芯状态数据获得模块，用于获得电芯满足预设静置条件下的电芯状态数据；
    趋稳态电池模型及稳态时间阈值确定模块，用于根据所述电芯状态数据，确定用于表征趋稳态时开路电压OCV随时间变化的趋稳态电池模型，以及用于表征静置时间是否充分的稳态时间阈值；
    稳态OCV预估模块，用于利用所述趋稳态电池模型处理所述稳态时间阈值，得到稳态OCV预估值；
    SOC确定模块，用于利用预设的稳态OCV与SOC的对应关系，确定与所述稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC；
    SOC修正模块，用于利用与所述稳态OCV预估值对应的SOC修正当前SOC。
  13. 一种电池管理系统，其中，包括如权利要求12所述的SOC修正装置。
  14. 一种存储介质，其上存储有程序，其中，程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-11任一项所述的SOC修正方法。
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