WO2020238401A1 - 一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置 - Google Patents

一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238401A1
WO2020238401A1 PCT/CN2020/082620 CN2020082620W WO2020238401A1 WO 2020238401 A1 WO2020238401 A1 WO 2020238401A1 CN 2020082620 W CN2020082620 W CN 2020082620W WO 2020238401 A1 WO2020238401 A1 WO 2020238401A1
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Prior art keywords
kettle
autoclave
door
control device
intelligent control
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PCT/CN2020/082620
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李全民
李近朱
袁志洲
李建宇
王永
颜景凯
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南京钜力智能制造技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2020238401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238401A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an intelligent control device for a concrete product autoclave.
  • the autoclave door collapses due to the shaft, which poses a great safety hazard; even if the new autoclave chooses the upper door opening device, the specific position of the autoclave door during the opening process mainly depends on manual control, and the opening process of the autoclave door will affect the inside of the autoclave
  • the cooling speed of concrete products, manual control of the opening position of the kettle door is not accurate enough, which affects the product quality.
  • the invention provides an intelligent control device for an autoclave for concrete products, which has a reasonable structural design, realizes automatic control of the opening and closing of the kettle door, and can automatically adjust and control the steam inlet volume according to the steam pressure in the kettle body.
  • Manual participation is required, and the opening process of the autoclave door can be automatically stopped in sections to avoid product cracks caused by a sudden drop in the internal pressure and temperature of the autoclave when the autoclave door is opened directly.
  • the entire maintenance work of the autoclave basically does not require direct manual participation. It reduces labor intensity, increases safety and reliability, and is not prone to operating errors, improves the curing efficiency and quality of concrete products, thereby increasing the turnover rate of the autoclave, and solving the problems existing in the prior art.
  • an intelligent control device for an autoclave of concrete products including:
  • a kettle door opening and closing unit the kettle door opening and closing unit includes a lever part connected to the kettle door, the lever part is arranged substantially in a vertical direction, and the lever part above the kettle door is hingedly arranged in a hinge frame, The upper end of the lever part is connected to the linear drive mechanism via a connecting piece; the linear drive mechanism is arranged on the top of the kettle body, and is adapted to adjust the rotation angle of the lever portion along the hinge frame through the connecting piece to open or close the kettle door;
  • a pressure control unit the pressure control unit includes a steam inlet valve arranged at the position of the steam inlet pipe, an exhaust valve arranged at the position of the exhaust steam pipe, and a pressure sensor communicating with the inside of the kettle body; the pressure sensor, The inlet valve and exhaust valve are respectively connected to the controller via wires;
  • the linear drive mechanism includes a first motor, the first motor is connected to the controller via a wire, and the first motor rotates different numbers of turns to make the linear displacement distance of the connecting piece different, and the linear displacement distance of the connector is different through the control lever
  • the rotation angle of the part makes the kettle door stay at different angles during the process from the closed state to the fully opened state.
  • the linear drive mechanism includes a lead screw arranged on the surface of the kettle body, the two ends of the lead screw are hingedly arranged, the lead screw is connected with the first motor, and the lead screw and the slider are screwed together, The sliding block is connected to the connecting piece.
  • the top of the kettle body is provided with a steering unit suitable for the connecting member to pass and change the direction
  • the connecting member between the steering unit and the sliding block is generally arranged along the axial direction of the screw, the steering unit and
  • the connecting piece between the lever portions and the lever portion has a first included angle
  • the connecting piece that does not pass through the steering unit has a second included angle with the lever portion
  • the first included angle is smaller than the first included angle. Two included angles.
  • the steering unit includes a fixed pulley, and the connecting member is a connecting rope.
  • the steering unit includes a sprocket, and the connecting member is a chain.
  • the segmented cooling unit includes a plurality of proximity switches arranged along the axial direction of the screw, and the proximity switches are adapted to transmit the position signal of the slider to the controller to stop the first motor Rotate so that the position of the kettle door is stopped; the controller is connected to a timer via a wire. After the controller receives the position signal of the proximity switch, the timer starts timing, and the controller restarts after the timing ends. Control the rotation of the first motor so that the kettle door continues to open outward.
  • the corresponding kettle body position is provided with a gear, the gear is connected with a second motor, and the second motor is connected with the controller via a wire, and the kettle door is provided with A rack matched with a gear;
  • the surface of the kettle body is provided with a first limit switch and a second limit switch that limit the moving position of the rack, and the first limit switch and the second limit switch are respectively routed through wires Connected to the controller;
  • the rack moves to the first limit switch position, the kettle door and the gear ring of the kettle body are in a mutually matched state;
  • the rack moves to the second limit In the position switch position, the gear rings of the kettle door and the kettle body are interlaced with each other, so that the kettle door is moved out of the kettle body.
  • a push-pull mechanism is provided under the kettle body, the push-pull mechanism is connected to the controller via a wire, the movable end of the push-pull mechanism is provided with a support block, and the push-pull mechanism moves the support block to the Below the kettle door to support the kettle door.
  • the hinge position of the lever part is connected with the hinge shaft, the hinge shaft is connected with the ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheel is matched with the pawl, the pawl is connected with the fixed seat, and the fixed seat is connected with the telescopic member,
  • the telescopic part is connected to the controller via a wire.
  • the controller is respectively connected to a plurality of the steam inlet valves and a plurality of the steam exhaust valves via wires, and the steam inlet valves of the steam inlet pipes are respectively connected to their corresponding kettle bodies, and a plurality of the
  • the steam inlet pipe of the kettle body is connected to the first sub-cylinder, the first sub-cylinder is connected to the steam input end, the exhaust pipes of a plurality of the kettle body are connected to the second sub-cylinder, and the second sub-cylinder is connected to the waste heat
  • the recovery equipment is connected; the inlet valve and the exhaust valve are centrally arranged in the control room.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above structure of the present invention is that its structure design is reasonable, realizes automatic control of the opening and closing of the kettle door, and can automatically adjust and control the steam intake according to the steam pressure in the kettle.
  • the opening and closing of the entire kettle door does not require manual participation.
  • the opening process of the autoclave door can automatically stop in sections to avoid product cracks caused by a sudden drop in the internal pressure and temperature of the autoclave when the autoclave door is opened directly.
  • the entire maintenance work of the autoclave basically does not require direct manual participation, which greatly reduces labor intensity , Increase the safety and reliability, and are not prone to operating errors, improve the curing efficiency and quality of concrete products, and further increase the turnover rate of the autoclave.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pipeline connection structure of multiple autoclaves of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the position of the kettle door of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the ratchet pawl portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an electrical schematic diagram of the timer of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of this application, “multiple” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can also be communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components .
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can also be communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components .
  • the “on” or “under” of the first feature on the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or indirectly through an intermediary. contact.
  • descriptions with reference to the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “examples”, “specific examples”, or “some examples” etc. mean specific features described in conjunction with the embodiment or example , The structure, materials, or characteristics are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above-mentioned terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
  • an intelligent control device for a concrete product autoclave includes a kettle door opening and closing unit, a pressure control unit and a segmented cooling unit.
  • the kettle door opening and closing unit includes a lever part 2 connected to the kettle door 1.
  • the lever portion 2 is generally arranged along the vertical direction, the lever portion 2 above the kettle door 1 is hingedly arranged in the hinge frame 3, and the upper end of the lever portion 2 is connected to the linear drive mechanism through the connecting piece 4; the linear drive mechanism is arranged on the top of the kettle body 5.
  • the pressure control unit includes an inlet valve 7 arranged at the position of the inlet pipe 6 and arranged at the exhaust pipe 8
  • the exhaust valve 9 at the position and the pressure sensor 10 connected to the inside of the kettle body 5; the pressure sensor 10, the inlet valve 7 and the exhaust valve 9 are respectively connected to the controller via wires;
  • the linear drive mechanism includes a first motor 11, The first motor 11 is connected to the controller via a wire. The first motor 11 rotates different numbers of turns to make the linear displacement distance of the connector 4 different.
  • the controller can directly select a commercially available PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller When in use, the PLC controller is equipped with a touch screen for operation, and the entire process can realize automatic operation; there is a temperature sensor in the kettle, which is connected to the controller through a wire; during the working process, the pressure sensor is used to control the steam pressure inside the kettle 5 Real-time monitoring. At the same time, the temperature sensor can also monitor the temperature in the kettle body 5.
  • the pressure and temperature curve can be displayed at any time through the touch screen of the PLC controller, and the process curve and process parameters can be recorded; when the concrete product enters the kettle body 5, After the kettle door 1 is closed, steam is delivered into the kettle body 5 through the steam inlet pipe 6, and the internal pressure and temperature of the kettle body 5 gradually increase.
  • the controller adjusts the steam inlet valve 7 through the pressure feedback of the pressure sensor to realize the control of the kettle body. 5 Control of internal pressure; the curing process of concrete products can be roughly divided into three stages: 0 to 2 hours, pressure rise stage (normal pressure to 10MP); 2 to 6 hours, constant pressure stage (constant pressure at 10MP ⁇ 0.5 MP); at the 6th to 8th hours, the pressure reduction stage (10MP to normal pressure 0.1MP), the pressure reduction stage is controlled by the controller to automatically control the exhaust valve 9 to release the steam inside the vessel 1, and the high pressure steam in the vessel 5 is discharged
  • the steam pipe 8 exits the kettle body 5 to reduce the pressure; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure inside the kettle body 5 has dropped to less than 0.1MP, the controller controls the first motor 11 to start rotating, and the connecting piece 4-way lever connected to the linear drive mechanism Part 2 applies pulling force, the lever part 2 rotates along the hinged frame 3, opens the kettle door 1, and the controller sets the first motor 11 to perform regular interval actions, so that the kettle door 1 rotates to the first limit
  • the kettle body 5 is ventilated for about 15 to 30 minutes (the program sets the residence time of kettle door 1), and the kettle door 1 axis rotates to the second limit position (the kettle door 1 is in a half-open state And record the time), and finally open the kettle door 1, and the whole opening process of the kettle door 1 is carried out in stages to prevent the concrete products inside the kettle body 5 from encountering excessive temperature differences in the external environment (such as below zero). The concrete products will crack due to rapid cooling and affect the product. quality.
  • the linear drive mechanism includes a lead screw 12 arranged on the surface of the kettle body 5, the two ends of the lead screw 12 are hingedly arranged, the lead screw 12 is connected with the first motor 11, and the lead screw 12 and the slider 13 are screwed together. , The slider 13 and the connecting piece 4 are connected.
  • the first motor 11 rotates to drive the lead screw 12 to rotate, thereby driving the slider 13 to move along the lead screw, and the connecting piece 4 is pulled by the slider 13.
  • the lead screw 12 rotates to drive the slide
  • the block 13 moves in a direction close to the kettle door 1, and the kettle door 1 is closed to the position of the kettle body 5 under its own gravity.
  • the top of the kettle body 5 is provided with a steering unit 14 suitable for the connecting member 4 to pass and change the direction.
  • the connecting member 4 between the steering unit 14 and the slider 13 is generally arranged along the axial direction of the screw 12,
  • the connecting piece 4 between the steering unit 14 and the lever portion 2 has a first included angle with the lever portion 2, and the connecting piece 4 that does not pass through the steering unit 14 has a second included angle with the lever portion 2, and the first included angle is smaller than the second included angle. angle.
  • the steering unit 14 makes the force on both ends of the connecting piece 4 more stable.
  • the steering unit 14 includes a fixed pulley, and the connecting member 4 is a connecting rope.
  • the steering unit 14 includes a sprocket
  • the connecting member 4 is a chain. Using the combination of the sprocket and the chain is equivalent to increasing the friction between the connecting piece 4 and the steering unit 14, so that the cooperation between the two is more stable, and slipping is not easy to occur.
  • the segmented cooling unit includes a plurality of proximity switches 15 arranged along the axial direction of the screw 12, and the proximity switches 15 are adapted to transmit the position signal of the slider 13 to the controller to stop the rotation of the first motor 11 , So that the position of the kettle door 1 is stopped; the controller is connected to the timer via a wire. After the controller receives the position signal of the proximity switch 15, the timer starts timing. After the timing is over, the controller re-controls the rotation of the first motor 11. So that the kettle door 1 continues to open outward.
  • the residence time of the kettle door 1 at different positions is timed by a timer, and a proximity switch 15 is set on the displacement stroke of the slider 13, and the position of the slider 13 is controlled by the proximity switch 15 to perform time kettle
  • the location of door 1 is more convenient and accurate.
  • the timer includes a timer chip.
  • the model of the timer chip is DS1302.
  • the first pin of the timer chip is connected to the main controller.
  • the VCC pin on the chip is connected, the first pin is connected to the ground through the capacitor C19, the second crystal device is connected to the second and third pins, the fourth pin is connected to the ground, and the fifth pin is connected to the ground through the resistor R15
  • the VCC pin on the PLC controller is connected, the sixth pin is connected to the VCC pin on the PLC controller through a resistor R1, the seventh pin is connected to the I2C SCLK pin on the PLC controller, and the seventh pin is through a resistor R2 is connected to the VCC pin on the PLC controller, and the eighth pin is connected to the grounded battery BT1.
  • a gear 16 is provided at the position of the kettle body 5.
  • the gear 16 is connected to the second motor 17, and the second motor 17 is connected to the controller via a wire.
  • the kettle door 1 is provided with a gear 16 matching rack 18; the surface of the kettle body 5 is provided with a first limit switch 19 and a second limit switch 20 that limit the movement position of the rack 18, the first limit switch 19 and the second limit switch 20 are respectively
  • the wire is connected to the controller; the rack 18 moves to the position of the first limit switch 19, and the gear ring of the kettle door 1 and the kettle body 5 are in mutual cooperation; the rack 18 moves to the position of the second limit switch 20, the kettle door 1
  • the gear rings with the kettle body 5 are interlaced with each other, so that the kettle door 1 is removed from the kettle body 5.
  • a push-pull mechanism 21 is provided under the kettle body 5.
  • the push-pull mechanism 21 is connected to the controller via a wire.
  • the movable end of the push-pull mechanism 21 is provided with a support block 22.
  • the push-pull mechanism 21 moves the support block 22 to the kettle door. 1 below to support the kettle door 1.
  • the push-pull mechanism can be a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or an electric telescopic rod.
  • the hinged position of the lever portion 2 connected to the kettle door 1 is provided with a hinge shaft, the hinge shaft is connected with a ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheel 27 and the pawl 28 cooperate, the pawl 28 and The fixed base 29 is connected, the fixed base 29 is connected with the telescopic member 30, and the telescopic member 30 is connected with the PLC controller through a wire.
  • the ratchet wheel 27 follows the lever part 2 to rotate, and the pawl 28 can prevent the ratchet wheel 27 from turning upside down.
  • the design of the ratchet wheel 27 and the pawl 28 can prevent the kettle door 1 Free fall occurs to avoid accidental danger;
  • the PLC controller controls the telescopic member 30 to contract and drives the fixed seat 29 to move, so that the pawl 28 is separated from the ratchet 27.
  • the telescopic member 30 extends again Out, the pawl 28 and the ratchet wheel 27 are in the mating state again.
  • the telescopic member 30 can be selected in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or an electric push rod.
  • the pressure sensor 10 uses a Hall pressure sensor, and both the inlet valve 7 and the exhaust valve 9 use electromagnetic pneumatic ball valves.
  • the pressurization system is equipped with an electromagnetic pneumatic ball valve, which has a wide operating frequency range, superior temperature resistance, rapid opening and closing, and good valve body sealing performance.
  • the sewage pipe of the kettle body 5 is equipped with a sewage valve 26.
  • the sewage valve 26 can also be an electromagnetic pneumatic ball valve.
  • the sewage valve 26 is connected to the controller via a wire.
  • the controller automatically controls the sewage valve 26 to open to discharge the sewage, without manually turning the traditional valve to prevent dangers such as burns; the sewage pipe can be connected to an external waste heat collection device to re-collect and use the heat of the high-temperature sewage.
  • the controller is respectively connected to a plurality of steam inlet valves 7 and a plurality of steam exhaust valves 9 via wires, and the steam inlet valves 7 of the steam inlet pipe 6 are respectively connected to their corresponding kettle bodies 5, and the multiple kettles
  • the steam inlet pipe 6 of the body 5 is connected to the first sub-cylinder 23, the first sub-cylinder 23 is connected to the steam input end, the exhaust pipes 8 of the plurality of kettle bodies 5 are connected to the second sub-cylinder 24, and the second sub-cylinder 24 is connected to
  • the waste heat recovery equipment is connected; the inlet valve 7 and the exhaust valve 9 are centrally arranged in the control room 25.
  • the original valves are distributed everywhere, which is inconvenient to operate.
  • valve insulation package is not tight, and the heat dissipation is too much.
  • the inlet valve 7 and the exhaust valve 9 are centralized in the control room 25, which is convenient Management and maintenance can prevent the valve from being exposed to the sun and rain and prolong the service life of the valve.
  • the waste heat recovery equipment can be directly selected from commercially available products, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，包括：釜门开合单元，釜门开合单元包括和釜门相连的杠杆部，杠杆部大体沿竖直方向设置，釜门上方的杠杆部铰接设置在铰接架内，杠杆部的上端经连接件和线性驱动机构相连；线性驱动机构设置在釜体顶部，适于通过连接件调整杠杆部沿铰接架的转动角度，以打开或关闭釜门；压力控制单元。本发明实现对釜门开合的自动控制，能够根据釜体内蒸汽压力自动调整并控制进汽量，而且釜门的开启过程能够自动进行分段停留，避免釜门直接开启导致釜体内部压力温度骤降引起产品裂纹问题，高压釜的整个养护工作基本不需要人工直接参与，大大减轻了劳动强度，提高了混凝土制品的养护效率和质量。

Description

一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置。
背景技术
目前混凝土制品需要用到高压釜进行蒸汽养护，在养护过程中高压釜的釜门开关主要依靠人工参与，需要人工判断釜内是否有余汽和余压，高压釜内的蒸汽输送一般需要人工手动旋转蒸汽截止阀控制，混凝土制品的养护工艺主要靠人工根据高压釜的蒸汽压力表和温度表的数据反馈来调节蒸汽截止阀，以满足混凝土制品在不同阶段的养护工艺，对操作人员的经验及专业要求较高，但人工操作容易出现失误，高压釜内压力升降过快或过慢或时间控制不准确都会影响混凝土制品的养护效果，影响产品质量，如产品环裂、纵裂等问题；另外，在实际施工过程中，由于操作人员的责任心不够，并不能完全按照操作规范进行，往往在釜门没有关到位就开始送汽，或釜内还有余汽压力(压力表没有归零)就打开釜门，容易造成高压釜爆炸，釜门和管桩会从釜内冲出几十米，发生重大的安全事故，全国高压釜的此类事故时有发生，造成严重后果。而且现有的高压釜大多是侧开门，操作人员通过摇动手柄旋转釜门，使釜门齿圈与釜体齿圈错开后，手动将釜门拉离釜体(从釜体齿圈间隙中拉出)，并旋转到釜体外侧，但因为釜体周围环境温度高，雾气大(余汽、余热)，使操作人员的视线差，人工推拉釜门时经常发生釜门轴碰撞问题，容易引发断轴而导致釜门倒塌，存在极大的安全隐患；即使新式高压釜选择上开门装置后，但是釜门在开启过程中具体停留的位置主要依靠人工控制，釜门的开启过程会影响高压釜内混凝土制品的降温速度，人工控制釜门的开启位置不够准确，影响产品质量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其结构设计合理，实 现对釜门开合的自动控制，能够根据釜体内蒸汽压力自动调整并控制进汽量，整个釜门的开合不需要依靠人工参与，而且釜门的开启过程能够自动进行分段停留，避免釜门直接开启导致釜体内部压力温度骤降引起产品裂纹问题，高压釜的整个养护工作基本不需要人工直接参与，大大减轻了劳动强度，增加了安全可靠性，而且不容易出现操作失误，提高了混凝土制品的养护效率和质量，进而提高了高压釜的周转率，解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，包括：
釜门开合单元，所述釜门开合单元包括和釜门相连的杠杆部，所述杠杆部大体沿竖直方向设置，所述釜门上方的所述杠杆部铰接设置在铰接架内，所述杠杆部的上端经连接件和线性驱动机构相连；所述线性驱动机构设置在釜体顶部，适于通过连接件调整杠杆部沿铰接架的转动角度，以打开或关闭所述釜门；
压力控制单元，所述压力控制单元包括设置在进汽管位置的进汽阀，设置在排汽管位置的排汽阀，以及与所述釜体内部相连通的压力传感器；所述压力传感器、进汽阀和排汽阀分别经导线和控制器相连；
分段降温单元，所述线性驱动机构包括第一电机，所述第一电机经导线和所述控制器相连，所述第一电机转动不同圈数使连接件的线性位移距离不同，通过控制杠杆部的转动角度使得所述釜门从闭合状态至完全打开状态过程中停留在不同角度位置。
进一步的，所述线性驱动机构包括设置在釜体表面的丝杠，所述丝杠两端铰接设置，所述丝杠和所述第一电机相连，所述丝杠和滑块相螺纹配合，所述滑块和所述连接件相连。
进一步的，所述釜体顶部设有适于连接件经过并变换方向的转向单元，所述转向单元和所述滑块之间的连接件大体沿丝杠的轴向设置，所述转向单元和所述杠杆部之间的连接件与所述杠杆部具有第一夹角，不经过所述转向单元的连接件与所述杠杆部具有第二夹角，所述第一夹角小于所述第二夹角。
进一步的，所述转向单元包括定滑轮，所述连接件选用连接绳。
进一步的，所述转向单元包括链轮，所述连接件选用链条。
进一步的，所述分段降温单元包括多个沿丝杠轴向设置的接近开关，所述接近开关适于将所述滑块的位置信号传输至所述控制器，使所述第一电机停止转动，以使得釜门位置得到停留；所述控制器经导线和计时器相连，所述控制器接收到所述接近开关的位置信号后，所述计时器开始计时，计时结束后使控制器重新控制所述第一电机转动，以使得釜门继续向外打开。
进一步的，所述釜门闭合后对应的釜体位置设有齿轮，所述齿轮和第二电机相连，所述第二电机经导线和所述控制器相连，所述釜门设有和所述齿轮相配合的齿条；所述釜体表面设有限制所述齿条移动位置的第一限位开关和第二限位开关，所述第一限位开关和第二限位开关分别经导线和所述控制器相连；所述齿条移动至所述第一限位开关位置，所述釜门和所述釜体的齿圈处于相互配合状态；所述齿条移动至所述第二限位开关位置，所述釜门和所述釜体的齿圈相互交错，使所述釜门从所述釜体中移出。
进一步的，所述釜体下方设有推拉机构，所述推拉机构经导线和所述控制器相连，所述推拉机构的活动端设有支撑块，所述推拉机构使所述支撑块移动至所述釜门下方，以支撑所述釜门。
进一步的，所述杠杆部的铰接位置和铰接轴相连，所述铰接轴和棘轮相连，所述棘轮和棘爪相配合，所述棘爪和固定座相连，所述固定座和伸缩件相连，所述伸缩件经导线和控制器相连。
进一步的，所述控制器分别经导线与多个所述进汽阀、多个所述排汽阀相连，所述进汽管的进汽阀分别和其对应的釜体相连，多个所述釜体的进汽管和第一分汽缸相连，所述第一分汽缸和蒸汽输入端相连，多个所述釜体的排汽管和第二分汽缸相连，所述第二分汽缸和余热回收设备相连；所述进汽阀和所述排汽阀均集中设置在控制室中。
本发明采用上述结构的有益效果是，其结构设计合理，实现对釜门开合的 自动控制，能够根据釜体内蒸汽压力自动调整并控制进汽量，整个釜门的开合不需要依靠人工参与，而且釜门的开启过程能够自动进行分段停留，避免釜门直接开启导致釜体内部压力温度骤降引起产品裂纹问题，高压釜的整个养护工作基本不需要人工直接参与，大大减轻了劳动强度，增加了安全可靠性，而且不容易出现操作失误，提高了混凝土制品的养护效率和质量，进而提高了高压釜的周转率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的多个高压釜的管路连接结构示意图。
图3为本发明的釜门位置的结构示意图。
图4为本发明的棘轮棘爪部分的结构示意图。
图5为本发明的电气原理图。
图6为本发明的计时器的电气原理图。
图中，1、釜门；2、杠杆部；3、铰接架；4、连接件；5、釜体；6、进汽管；7、进汽阀；8、排汽管；9、排汽阀；10、压力传感器；11、第一电机；12、丝杠；13、滑块；14、转向单元；15、接近开关；16、齿轮；17、第二电机；18、齿条；19、第一限位开关；20、第二限位开关；21、推拉机构；22、支撑块；23、第一分汽缸；24、第二分汽缸；25、控制室；26、排污阀；27、棘轮；28、棘爪；29、固定座；30、伸缩件。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
另外，在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、 “后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是通信；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
如图1-6所示，一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，包括釜门开合单元、压力控制单元和分段降温单元，釜门开合单元包括和釜门1相连的杠杆部2，杠杆部2大体沿竖直方向设置，釜门1上方的杠杆部2铰接设置在铰接架3内，杠杆部2的上端经连接件4和线性驱动机构相连；线性驱动机构设置在釜体5 顶部，适于通过连接件4调整杠杆部2沿铰接架3的转动角度，以打开或关闭釜门1；压力控制单元包括设置在进汽管6位置的进汽阀7，设置在排汽管8位置的排汽阀9，以及与釜体5内部相连通的压力传感器10；压力传感器10、进汽阀7和排汽阀9分别经导线和控制器相连；线性驱动机构包括第一电机11，第一电机11经导线和控制器相连，第一电机11转动不同圈数使连接件4的线性位移距离不同，通过控制杠杆部2的转动角度使得釜门1从闭合状态至完全打开状态过程中停留在不同角度位置。值得一提的是，控制器可直接选用市售的PLC控制器。使用时，PLC控制器配备触摸屏进行操作，整个工艺过程能实现自动操作；釜体内设有温度传感器，温度传感器经导线和控制器相连；在工作过程中，通过压力传感器对釜体5内部蒸汽压力实时监控，同时温度传感器也能够对釜体5内温度进行监控，通过PLC控制器的触摸屏实现压力和温度曲线随时显示，可完成工艺曲线和过程参数的记录；当混凝土制品进入釜体5内，釜门1在关闭后，通过进汽管6向釜体5内输送蒸汽，釜体5内部压力和温度逐渐上升，控制器通过压力传感器的压力反馈对进汽阀7进行调控，实现对釜体5内部压力的控制；混凝土制品的养护过程大致分为三个阶段：第0至2小时，升压阶段(常压到10MP)；第2至6小时，恒压阶段(恒压在10MP±0.5MP)；第6至8小时，降压阶段(10MP到常压0.1MP)，降压阶段通过控制器自动控制排汽阀9来释放釜体1内部蒸汽，釜体5内的高压蒸汽从排汽管8排出釜体5，实现降压；当压力传感器监测到釜体5内部的压力降低至小于0.1MP后，控制器控制第一电机11开始转动，线性驱动机构相连的连接件4向杠杆部2施加拉力，杠杆部2沿铰接架3位置转动，打开釜门1，通过控制器设定第一电机11进行有规律的间隔动作，使釜门1旋转到第一限位处(釜门1处于微开状态并记录时间)，釜体5进行通风15至30分钟左右(程序设定釜门1停留时间)，釜门1轴旋转到第二限位处(釜门1处于半开状态并记录时间)，最后全部打开釜门1，整个釜门1的打开过程分段进行，避免釜体5内部混凝土制品遇到外界环境温差过大(如零度以下)混凝土制品因急冷而开裂影响产品 质量。
在优选的实施例中，线性驱动机构包括设置在釜体5表面的丝杠12，丝杠12两端铰接设置，丝杠12和第一电机11相连，丝杠12和滑块13相螺纹配合，滑块13和连接件4相连。使用时，通过第一电机11转动带动丝杠12转动，进而带动滑块13沿丝杠进行位移，通过滑块13拉拽连接件4，当釜门1需要闭合时，丝杠12转动带动滑块13向靠近釜门1方向移动，釜门1在自身重力作用下闭合至釜体5位置。
在优选的实施例中，釜体5顶部设有适于连接件4经过并变换方向的转向单元14，转向单元14和滑块13之间的连接件4大体沿丝杠12的轴向设置，转向单元14和杠杆部2之间的连接件4与杠杆部2具有第一夹角，不经过转向单元14的连接件4与杠杆部2具有第二夹角，第一夹角小于第二夹角。使用时，通过转向单元14使连接件4两端的受力更加稳定，通过受力分析可以得知，增加转向单元14后的连接件4对滑块13的拉力是沿丝杠12的轴向位置，有利于滑块13在拉动连接件4时保持稳定状态，而且连接件4对杠杆部2施加的拉力作用效果更加明显。
在优选的实施例中，转向单元14包括定滑轮，连接件4选用连接绳。
在优选的实施例中，转向单元14包括链轮，连接件4选用链条。使用链轮和链条的组合相当于增加了连接件4和转向单元14的摩擦力，使两者之间的配合更加稳定，不容易出现打滑问题。
在优选的实施例中，分段降温单元包括多个沿丝杠12轴向设置的接近开关15，接近开关15适于将滑块13的位置信号传输至控制器，使第一电机11停止转动，以使得釜门1位置得到停留；控制器经导线和计时器相连，控制器接收到接近开关15的位置信号后，计时器开始计时，计时结束后使控制器重新控制第一电机11转动，以使得釜门1继续向外打开。使用时，通过计时器对釜门1在不同位置的停留时间进行计时，通过在滑块13的位移行程上设置接近开关15，通过接近开关15对滑块13的位置进行停留控制，进行时间釜门 1停留位置的确定，更加方便准确。
可以理解的是，如附图5所示，计时器包括计时器芯片，计时器芯片的型号为DS1302，在计时器芯片上设有八个引脚，计时器芯片的一号引脚与主控芯片上的VCC引脚相连，一号引脚通过电容C19接地设置，二号引脚和三号引脚上连接有第二晶振装置，四号引脚接地设置，五号引脚通过电阻R15与PLC控制器上的VCC引脚相连，六号引脚通过电阻R1与PLC控制器上的VCC引脚相连，七号引脚与PLC控制器上的I2C SCLK引脚相连，七号引脚通过电阻R2与PLC控制器上的VCC引脚相连，八号引脚连接有接地设置的电池BT1。
在优选的实施例中，釜门1闭合后对应的釜体5位置设有齿轮16，齿轮16和第二电机17相连，第二电机17经导线和控制器相连，釜门1设有和齿轮16相配合的齿条18；釜体5表面设有限制齿条18移动位置的第一限位开关19和第二限位开关20，第一限位开关19和第二限位开关20分别经导线和控制器相连；齿条18移动至第一限位开关19位置，釜门1和釜体5的齿圈处于相互配合状态；齿条18移动至第二限位开关20位置，釜门1和釜体5的齿圈相互交错，使釜门1从釜体5中移出。
在优选的实施例中，釜体5下方设有推拉机构21，推拉机构21经导线和控制器相连，推拉机构21的活动端设有支撑块22，推拉机构21使支撑块22移动至釜门1下方，以支撑釜门1。
可以理解的是，推拉机构可选用液压缸、气缸或电动伸缩杆。
在优选的实施例中，如附图4所示，和釜门1相连的杠杆部2的铰接位置设有铰接轴，铰接轴和棘轮相连，棘轮27和棘爪28相配合，棘爪28和固定座29相连，固定座29和伸缩件30相连，伸缩件30经导线和PLC控制器相连。当釜门1在打开过程中，棘轮27跟随杠杆部2转动，棘爪28能够防止棘轮27倒转，万一连接件4出现意外断裂情况时，棘轮27和棘爪28的设计能够防止釜门1发生自由落体，避免出现意外危险；当釜门1需要闭合时，PLC控制器控制伸缩件30收缩，带动固定座29移动，使棘爪28脱离棘轮27，釜门1闭 合后伸缩件30再次伸出，使棘爪28重新和棘轮27处于配合状态。可以理解的是，伸缩件30可以选在液压缸、气缸或电动推杆等结构形式。
值得一提的是，压力传感器10选用霍尔压力传感器，进汽阀7和排汽阀9均选用电磁式气动球阀。加压系统配备电磁式气动球阀，工作频率范围大，耐温性能优越，开启和关闭迅速，阀体密封性能好。
值得一提的是，釜体5的排污管位置设有排污阀26，排污阀26同样可选用电磁式气动球阀，排污阀26经导线和控制器相连，当需要排出釜体5内部的高温污水时，控制器自动控制排污阀26打开，向外排污，不需要人工转动传统的阀门，以防止烫伤等危险发生；排污管可以和外部的余热收集设备相连，重新收集利用高温污水的热量。
在优选的实施例中，控制器分别经导线与多个进汽阀7、多个排汽阀9相连，进汽管6的进汽阀7分别和其对应的釜体5相连，多个釜体5的进汽管6和第一分汽缸23相连，第一分汽缸23和蒸汽输入端相连，多个釜体5的排汽管8和第二分汽缸24相连，第二分汽缸24和余热回收设备相连；进汽阀7和排汽阀9均集中设置在控制室25中。原阀门分布各处，操作不便，各个阀门日晒雨淋，腐蚀严重，阀门保温包裹也不严密，散热太多；而将进汽阀7和排汽阀9集中设置在控制室25中，方便管理维护，能够避免阀门经受日晒雨淋，延长阀门的使用寿命。余热回收设备可直接选用市售产品，在此不加赘述。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明未详述之处，均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    釜门开合单元，所述釜门开合单元包括和釜门相连的杠杆部，所述杠杆部大体沿竖直方向设置，所述釜门上方的所述杠杆部铰接设置在铰接架内，所述杠杆部的上端经连接件和线性驱动机构相连；所述线性驱动机构设置在釜体顶部，适于通过连接件调整杠杆部沿铰接架的转动角度，以打开或关闭所述釜门；
    压力控制单元，所述压力控制单元包括设置在进汽管位置的进汽阀，设置在排汽管位置的排汽阀，以及与所述釜体内部相连通的压力传感器；所述压力传感器、进汽阀和排汽阀分别经导线和控制器相连；
    分段降温单元，所述线性驱动机构包括第一电机，所述第一电机经导线和所述控制器相连，所述第一电机转动不同圈数使连接件的线性位移距离不同，通过控制杠杆部的转动角度使得所述釜门从闭合状态至完全打开状态过程中停留在不同角度位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述线性驱动机构包括设置在釜体表面的丝杠，所述丝杠两端铰接设置，所述丝杠和所述第一电机相连，所述丝杠和滑块相螺纹配合，所述滑块和所述连接件相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述釜体顶部设有适于连接件经过并变换方向的转向单元，所述转向单元和所述滑块之间的连接件大体沿丝杠的轴向设置，所述转向单元和所述杠杆部之间的连接件与所述杠杆部具有第一夹角，不经过所述转向单元的连接件与所述杠杆部具有第二夹角，所述第一夹角小于所述第二夹角。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述转向单元包括定滑轮，所述连接件选用连接绳。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述转向单元包括链轮，所述连接件选用链条。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述分段降温单元包括多个沿丝杠轴向设置的接近开关，所述接近开关适于将所述滑块的位置信号传输至所述控制器，使所述第一电机停止转动，以使得釜门位置得到停留；所述控制器经导线和计时器相连，所述控制器接收到所述接近开关的位置信号后，所述计时器开始计时，计时结束后使控制器重新控制所述第一电机转动，以使得釜门继续向外打开。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述釜门闭合后对应的釜体位置设有齿轮，所述齿轮和第二电机相连，所述第二电机经导线和所述控制器相连，所述釜门设有和所述齿轮相配合的齿条；所述釜体表面设有限制所述齿条移动位置的第一限位开关和第二限位开关，所述第一限位开关和第二限位开关分别经导线和所述控制器相连；所述齿条移动至所述第一限位开关位置，所述釜门和所述釜体的齿圈处于相互配合状态；所述齿条移动至所述第二限位开关位置，所述釜门和所述釜体的齿圈相互交错，使所述釜门从所述釜体中移出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述釜体下方设有推拉机构，所述推拉机构经导线和所述控制器相连，所述推拉机构的活动端设有支撑块，所述推拉机构使所述支撑块移动至所述釜门下方，以支撑所述釜门。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述杠杆部的铰接位置和铰接轴相连，所述铰接轴和棘轮相连，所述棘轮和棘爪相配合，所述棘爪和固定座相连，所述固定座和伸缩件相连，所述伸缩件经导线和控制器相连。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种混凝土制品高压釜智能控制装置，其特征在于，所述控制器分别经导线与多个所述进汽阀、多个所述排汽阀相连，所述进汽管的进汽阀分别和其对应的釜体相连，多个所述釜体的进汽管和第一分汽缸相连，所述第一分汽缸和蒸汽输入端相连，多个所述釜体的排汽管和第二分 汽缸相连，所述第二分汽缸和余热回收设备相连；所述进汽阀和所述排汽阀均集中设置在控制室中。
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