WO2020233530A1 - 光线控制装置、被动发光像源以及抬头显示系统 - Google Patents

光线控制装置、被动发光像源以及抬头显示系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233530A1
WO2020233530A1 PCT/CN2020/090641 CN2020090641W WO2020233530A1 WO 2020233530 A1 WO2020233530 A1 WO 2020233530A1 CN 2020090641 W CN2020090641 W CN 2020090641W WO 2020233530 A1 WO2020233530 A1 WO 2020233530A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
liquid crystal
light source
collimating
head
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PCT/CN2020/090641
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方涛
徐俊峰
吴慧军
Original Assignee
未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 filed Critical 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority to US17/610,305 priority Critical patent/US20220214542A1/en
Priority to KR1020217040125A priority patent/KR20220004760A/ko
Priority to EP20809933.3A priority patent/EP3971630A4/en
Priority to JP2021568519A priority patent/JP2022533160A/ja
Publication of WO2020233530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233530A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0196—Supplementary details having transparent supporting structure for display mounting, e.g. to a window or a windshield

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light control device, a passive light-emitting image source, and a head-up display system.
  • the head-up display (HUD) technology uses the principle of optical reflection to project vehicle information such as vehicle speed on the windshield or other glass to avoid distraction caused by the driver looking down at the instrument panel during driving. This can improve the driving safety factor and at the same time bring a better driving experience.
  • the usual windshield display HUD image source is mostly a liquid crystal display (LCD). If the HUD uses a traditional LCD image source, the brightness of the HUD image displayed on the windshield is low. Generally, the brightness of the LCD image source is increased to ensure the brightness of the HUD image displayed on the windshield, which not only leads to the image source’s power Higher energy consumption and higher heat generation increase the heat dissipation requirements of the HUD. When a large-size image needs to be formed on the windshield, the power consumption of the image source in the HUD will further increase.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • a light source refers to an object that can emit electromagnetic waves (such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, etc.) in a certain wavelength range, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs). In the fields of lighting and display imaging, the light source is an indispensable device.
  • electromagnetic waves such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, etc.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • Common light source equipment simply uses the light emitted by the light source, and the light source is generally a point light source or a similar point light source, that is, the light source emits light around the light source.
  • the utilization rate is low.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a light control device, a passive light-emitting image source, and a head-up display system.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display system, including: a light source, a collimating element, a light gathering element, a dispersion element, a liquid crystal panel, and a transflective reflective imaging device; the light gathering element, the dispersion element, and The liquid crystal panels are arranged on the same side of the light source in a layered manner; the collimating element is configured to adjust the exit direction of the light emitted by the light source to within a preset angle range; the light collecting element is configured In order to gather the light emitted by the light source; the dispersing element is configured to diffuse the light emitted by the light source; the liquid crystal panel is configured to convert the light emitted by the light source into an imaging light, and the imaging Light is incident on the reflective imaging device; the reflective imaging device is configured to reflect the imaging light to the preset area.
  • the light emitted from the light source passes through the collimating element, the light concentrating element, the diffusing element, the liquid crystal panel, and the reflective imaging device to reach the preset area, and the light
  • the concentrating element is configured to condense the light emitted by the light source to a preset position in the preset area under the condition that the dispersing element is removed from the light path from the light source to the preset area, and the The area of the preset location is smaller than the area of the preset area.
  • part or all of the collimating element is arranged between the light source and the light collecting element; the collimating element is configured to emit adjusted light to the light collecting element.
  • the collimating element is configured to adjust the light emitted by the light source into parallel light.
  • the collimating element is disposed between the light source and the light collecting element, the collimating element includes at least one of a collimating lens and a collimating film; the collimating lens includes One or more of convex lens, Fresnel lens, or lens combination.
  • the collimating element includes a collimating lens, and the distance between the collimating lens and the position of the light source is the focal length of the collimating lens.
  • the collimating element includes a hollow lamp cup; the hollow lamp cup includes a hollow shell provided with an inner reflective surface, and the opening direction of the hollow lamp cup faces the light collecting element;
  • the light source is arranged at the end of the hollow lamp cup away from the opening.
  • the collimating element is arranged inside the hollow lamp cup, and the size of the collimating element is smaller than the size of the opening of the hollow lamp cup; the collimating element is configured to Part of the light emitted by the light source in the hollow lamp cup is collimated and then emitted to the light collecting element.
  • the collimating element includes at least one of a collimating lens and a collimating film.
  • the collimating element includes a solid lamp cup; the solid lamp cup is a solid transparent part, and the refractive index of the solid transparent part is greater than 1; the opening direction of the solid lamp cup faces the light collecting element
  • the light source is arranged at the end of the solid lamp cup away from the opening, and the light emitted by the light source is totally reflected when it hits the inner surface of the solid transparent part.
  • the solid lamp cup is provided with a cavity at the end far from the opening of the solid lamp cup, and the side of the cavity close to the opening of the solid lamp cup is convex; or the solid lamp cup is close to the solid lamp
  • the middle position of the end of the cup opening is provided with a slot, and the bottom surface of the slot is a convex surface.
  • the light concentrating element is disposed between the collimating element and the dispersing element; the light concentrating element is configured to emit concentrated light to the dispersing element.
  • the light gathering element includes one or more of a convex lens, a Fresnel lens, or a combination of lenses.
  • the distance between the light concentrating element and the mirror position is the focal length of the light concentrating element; the mirror position is the position of the virtual image formed by the reflective imaging device at the preset position.
  • the dispersion element includes a first dispersion element, the first dispersion element is disposed between the light source and the liquid crystal panel; the first dispersion element is configured to gather the light concentrating element The light diffuses.
  • the dispersion element further includes a second dispersion element, the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element are stacked, and the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element are spaced apart from each other. Set the distance.
  • the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element are respectively arranged on both sides of the light concentrating element; or, the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element are both arranged on the The light gathering element is close to one side of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the preset distance ranges from 40 to 50 mm.
  • the dispersion element includes a diffractive optical element or a scattering optical element.
  • the diffractive optical element disperses light passing through it to form one or more observation ranges with a predetermined cross-sectional shape
  • the predetermined cross-sectional shape includes a circle, an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle.
  • the head-up display system further includes a polarization control element
  • the liquid crystal panel includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizer
  • the first polarizer and the second polarizer are respectively disposed on the On both sides of the liquid crystal layer, and the first polarizer is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the light source
  • the first polarizer is configured to transmit first linearly polarized light
  • the second polarizer is Is configured to transmit a second linearly polarized light perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light
  • the polarization control element is disposed between the light source and the first polarizer, and the polarization control element is configured to Transmit the first linearly polarized light and reflect or absorb the second linearly polarized light.
  • the head-up display system further includes: a light blocking layer disposed on a side of the liquid crystal panel away from the light source, and the light blocking layer is configured to limit the emission of the liquid crystal panel The exit angle of the light.
  • the head-up display system further includes: a barrier layer, the barrier layer is arranged on a side of the liquid crystal panel away from the light source, and a preset distance is provided between the barrier layer and the liquid crystal panel;
  • the barrier unit is a liquid crystal; or the barrier layer is a monolithic liquid crystal, and by controlling the working state of the liquid crystal cell of the monolithic liquid crystal, a plurality of barrier units arranged at intervals are formed.
  • the head-up display system further includes a light scattering layer disposed on a side of the light blocking layer away from the liquid crystal panel, and the light scattering layer is configured to scatter external ambient light.
  • the light source is provided in multiples, and the multiple light sources are located at different positions, and the light condensing element is configured to converge the light emitted by the light sources at different positions.
  • the number of the collimating elements is multiple, and different collimating elements are arranged at different positions, and are configured to adjust the direction of light emitted by light sources at different positions, and to make light sources at different positions emit light.
  • the exit directions of the light rays all point to the same preset position.
  • the light source is an electroluminescence array composed of one or more electroluminescence modules, and each electroluminescence module includes one or more electroluminescence devices; and each electroluminescence module At least one hollow lamp cup is correspondingly provided.
  • the light source includes multiple groups of light sources, and light emitted by the different light source groups is emitted to different directions or regions.
  • the liquid crystal panel includes red, green and blue filters; or the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is a blue phase liquid crystal, and the light source includes a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source.
  • Light source; the red light source, the green light source and the blue light source work periodically, and the three do not work at the same time.
  • the head-up display system further includes a liquid crystal conversion layer, the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal conversion layer is disposed on a side of the light gathering element away from the light source;
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer includes a plurality of Liquid crystal cells are arranged at intervals, and one liquid crystal cell in the liquid crystal conversion layer corresponds to one liquid crystal cell in the liquid crystal layer;
  • the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal layer is configured to convert light in a first polarization direction into a second polarization Direction of light, the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal conversion layer is configured to convert the light of the second polarization direction into the light of the first polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.
  • the total area of all liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal conversion layer is not less than half of the total area of all liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the head-up display system further includes: a lenticular lens layer, the lenticular lens layer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the light source; the lenticular lens layer includes a plurality of vertically disposed lenticular lenses, and Each lenticular lens covers at least two different columns of liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal layer; the lenticular lens is configured to direct the light emitted by one column of liquid crystal cells to the first position and to radiate the light emitted by the other column of liquid crystal cells. To the second position.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a light control device, including: a dispersion element and a direction control element; the direction control element is configured to converge the light emitted by multiple light sources located at different positions; the dispersion element is arranged at The direction control element is far away from the side of the plurality of light sources, and the dispersion element is configured to diffuse the light emitted by the direction control element and form a light spot.
  • the light rays emitted from the multiple light sources pass through the direction control element and the dispersion element to reach the first preset area, and the light condensing element is configured to travel from the light source to the first predetermined area.
  • the dispersive element is removed from the light path of the preset area, the light emitted by the multiple light sources is collected into a second preset area within the first preset area, and the area of the second preset area Smaller than the area of the first predetermined area.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a passive light-emitting image source, including a light source, a liquid crystal panel, and any light control device described above; the light source and the liquid crystal panel are respectively arranged on both sides of the direction control element of the light control device .
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a head-up display system, which includes any of the above-mentioned passive light-emitting image sources.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first structural diagram of a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the imaging principle of the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3a shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a dispersion element in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3b shows a schematic diagram of another type of dispersing element in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 shows an imaging schematic diagram of a reflective imaging device in a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 shows a second structural schematic diagram of the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a third structural schematic diagram of a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7a shows a schematic diagram of a first arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7b shows a schematic diagram of a second arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8a shows a schematic diagram of a third arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8b shows a fourth schematic diagram of the arrangement of the collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a fifth arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10a shows a schematic diagram of a sixth arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10b shows a schematic diagram of a seventh arrangement of collimating elements provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a first structure of an image source in a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a second structure of an image source in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 shows a third structural schematic diagram of the image source in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of the lamp cup in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 15a shows a schematic diagram of light propagation of a quadrangular pyramid collimating element in a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 15b shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement of light sources in a quadrangular pyramid collimating element in a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 15c shows another arrangement schematic diagram of the light sources in the quadrangular pyramid collimator element in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 15d shows another arrangement schematic diagram of the light sources in the quadrangular pyramid collimating element in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic structural diagram of a roof-shaped lamp cup in a head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 17 shows a first structural schematic diagram of a solid lamp cup in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 18 shows a second structural schematic diagram of a solid lamp cup in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 19 shows a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the image source in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 shows a fifth structural schematic diagram of the image source in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 21 shows a schematic diagram of the sixth structure of the image source in the head-up display system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 22 shows a first structural schematic diagram of a light control device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic diagram of a second structure of a light control device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic diagram of the light control device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure when imaging on a windshield
  • FIG. 25 shows a first structural schematic diagram of a passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 26 shows a schematic diagram of a second structure of a passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 27a shows a schematic diagram of the first arrangement of an electroluminescence array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 27b shows a schematic diagram of the second arrangement of the electroluminescence array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 27c shows a schematic diagram of the third arrangement of the electroluminescence array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 27d shows a schematic diagram of the fourth arrangement of the electroluminescence array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 28 shows a third structural schematic diagram of a passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 29 shows a first schematic diagram of an observer viewing passive light-emitting image source imaging provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 30 shows a second schematic diagram of an observer viewing passive light-emitting image source imaging provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 31 shows a fourth structural schematic diagram of a passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 32a shows a first schematic diagram of an observer viewing a passive light-emitting image source imaging provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 32b shows a second schematic diagram of an observer viewing passive light-emitting image source imaging provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 33 shows a first structural schematic diagram of a 3D passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 34 shows a second structural schematic diagram of a 3D passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 35 shows a third structural schematic diagram of a 3D passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 36 shows a fourth structural schematic diagram of a 3D passive light-emitting image source provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may be fixedly connected or Removable connection or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed may be fixedly connected or Removable connection or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display system, which controls the exit angle of the light by condensing and diffusing the light, thereby improving the imaging brightness of the head-up display system.
  • the head-up display system includes a light source 10, a collimating element 20, a direction control element 30, a first dispersion element 41, a liquid crystal panel 50 and a transflective reflective imaging device 60.
  • the direction control element 30, the first dispersion element 41, and the liquid crystal panel 50 are arranged on the same side of the light source 10 in a laminated manner.
  • the light source 10 can emit light
  • the collimating element 20 is configured to adjust the exit direction of the light emitted by the light source 10 to within a preset angle range to achieve collimation of the light emitted by the light source 10.
  • the direction control element 30 is configured to concentrate the light emitted by the light source 10; the first dispersion element 41 is configured to diffuse the light emitted from the light source 10.
  • the liquid crystal panel 50 is configured to convert the light emitted by the light source 10 into imaging light, and the imaging light is incident on the reflective imaging device 60; the reflective imaging device 60 is configured to reflect the imaging light to the preset area 200 so that the observer (such as When the eyes of the driver, passengers, etc., are located at the preset area 200, the image formed by the liquid crystal panel 50 can be viewed. That is, the light emitted from the light source passes through the collimating element, the light collecting element, the first diffusing element, the liquid crystal panel and the reflective imaging device to reach the preset area.
  • the imaging light is the light emitted by the liquid crystal panel 50, which essentially comes from the light emitted by the light source 10.
  • Each pixel of the liquid crystal panel 50 can control whether to transmit the light emitted by the light source 10, so that the observer can see
  • the image formed by the liquid crystal panel 50 can be viewed, and the image formed by the liquid crystal panel 50 is the HUD image that can be viewed by the observer.
  • the light source 10 is generally a point light source, that is, the light emitted by the light source 10 is emitted at various angles, in this embodiment, the exit direction of the light emitted by the light source 10 can be adjusted to a preset angle range through the collimating element 20 , So as to collimate the direction of light propagation.
  • the direction control element 30 can concentrate the light directly or indirectly emitted by the light source 10 to the preset position 100.
  • the preset location 100 is located in the preset area, and the area of the preset location is smaller than the area of the preset area.
  • the light directly emitted by the light source 10 refers to the light emitted by the light source 10 directly incident to the direction control element 30, and the light emitted by the light source 10 indirectly refers to the light emitted by the light source passing through other components (such as collimating elements). 20.
  • the light can be concentrated to the preset position 100; the concentrated light is used as the backlight of the liquid crystal panel 50 so that the light can be used for imaging, which in turn makes the eyes in the preset light concentration
  • the observer at position 100 can observe the complete image, and because of the light concentration, the imaging brightness is higher, and the observer can observe the image with higher brightness.
  • the collimating element 20 is configured to adjust the light emitted by the light source 10 to parallel light or nearly parallel light, so as to facilitate uniform adjustment of the direction of the parallel light after the direction control element 30 is aligned.
  • the direction control element 30 includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a Fresnel lens, or one or more of the above lens combinations. That is, the direction control element 30 may be a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, or a combination of lenses (for example, a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens, a combination of a Fresnel lens and a convex lens, etc.).
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is diffused based on the first dispersion element 41, so that the light can be diffused to a preset observation range (predetermined Area) 200.
  • the first dispersion element 41 can diffuse the light directly or indirectly emitted by the light source 10.
  • the light directly emitted by the light source 10 refers to the light emitted by the light source 10 directly incident on the first dispersion element 41
  • the indirect light emitted by the light source 10 refers to the light emitted by the light source that enters the first dispersion element 41 after passing through other components (such as the collimating element 20, the direction control element 30, etc.).
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is collected and diffused based on the direction control element 30 and the first dispersion element 41, and the collected and diffused light serves as the backlight of the liquid crystal panel 50, so that the liquid crystal panel 50 can image normally, and
  • the imaging light during imaging is reflected by the reflective imaging device 60 and reaches the preset position 100, so that the observer whose eyes are at the preset position 100 can view the image formed by the liquid crystal panel 50, and the observer sees the image reflected
  • the preset position 100 is a position within the observation range 200.
  • the observer can be a driver or a passenger.
  • the area where the observer needs to view the imaging can be preset according to actual needs, namely the eyebox area, which refers to the area where the observer’s eyes are located and can see The area of the HUD image.
  • the eye box area has a certain size.
  • the working principle of the head-up display system can be referred to as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the reflective imaging device 60 is illustrated as an example in FIG. 2.
  • the collimating element 20 collimates the light emitted by the light source 10.
  • the collimated light is taken as an example of parallel light.
  • the parallel light passes through the direction control element 30 and the first dispersion element 41. Then it can be adjusted to the light required for imaging. Taking the leftmost ray A'in FIG.
  • the ray A' is adjusted to the ray A toward the preset position 100 after passing through the direction control element 30, and due to the presence of the reflective imaging device 60, the ray A is actually The mirror image position 101 towards the preset position 100; if the first dispersive element 41 is not present, the light A can be reflected along the optical path a, reflected by the reflective imaging device 60 and then directed toward the preset position 100; when the first dispersive element 41 is present , The first dispersing element 41 disperses the light A into light with multiple exit angles (light A1, light A2, etc. in FIG.
  • the diffused light can be reflected by the reflective imaging device 60 and then dispersed into a range , That is, the observation range 200, so that when the observer's eyes are within the observation range 200, the observer can view the image of the liquid crystal panel 50.
  • the diffused light rays A1, A2, etc. directly face the mirror image range 201 of the observation range 200.
  • the reflective imaging device 60 may have a certain curvature, and its imaging principle is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, and will not be repeated here.
  • a curved reflective imaging device 60 such as a windshield
  • the position of the virtual image 300 is not fixed, so when the reflective imaging device 60 is a curved windshield or imaging window
  • the virtual image 300 in this embodiment refers to the virtual image 300 that can be seen when viewed from the preset position 100, that is, the position of the virtual image 300 is the position of the virtual image when the observer observes from the preset position 100.
  • the first dispersion element 41 may be a low-cost scattering optical element, such as a homogenizing sheet, a diffuser sheet, and the like.
  • the first dispersive element 41 may also be a diffractive optical element (DOE) with better control of the diffusion effect, such as a beam shaper (Beam Shaper).
  • DOE diffractive optical element
  • Beam Shaper Beam Shaper
  • the light beam transformed into the light beam after passing through the first dispersing element 41 has a specific shape in a cross section perpendicular to the propagation direction of the main optical axis, that is, the first dispersing element 41 can diffract the light passing through it into a specific shape.
  • the observation area 200, the size and shape of the observation area 200 formed by diffraction are mainly determined by the microstructure of the first dispersion element 41.
  • the shape of the observation range 200 includes, but is not limited to, a circle, an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3a after the light passes through the first dispersion element 41 specifically a diffractive optical element, the light diffuses and forms a specific The cross-sectional shape, the cross-sectional shape corresponds to the shape of the observation range 200, FIG. 3a takes the observation range 200 as a rectangle as an example, and the above-mentioned FIG. 2 also takes the observation range 200 as an example for explanation.
  • the first dispersing element 41 can also be a separate dispersing element, that is, the first dispersing element 41 can disperse the light passing through it into multiple ranges, and the shape of each range includes but is not limited to a circle, an ellipse, and a square. Or rectangular.
  • FIG. 3b after the light passes through the separated first dispersing element 41, it can be diffused to multiple areas, and each area corresponds to an observation range 200; FIG. 3b takes the light to diffuse to two rectangular areas as an example.
  • FIG. 3b shows the light L1 incident on the first dispersion element 41 and the light L2 after being diffused by the first dispersion element 41.
  • the preset position 100 corresponds to the focus of the direction control element 30.
  • the distance between the direction control element 30 and the mirror position 101 is the focal length of the direction control element 30.
  • the mirror position 101 is the position of the virtual image formed by the reflection imaging device 60 at the preset position 100, which is shown in FIG. 4 for details.
  • the light source 10 in addition to the reflective imaging device 60, the light source 10, the collimating element 20, the direction control element 30, the first dispersion element 41, the liquid crystal panel 50, etc. can form the image source 1 of the head-up display system, that is, the The image source 1 includes a light source 10, a collimating element 20, a direction control element 30, a first dispersion element 41, a liquid crystal panel 50, and the like. As shown in FIG.
  • the imaging light emitted by the image source 1 (also the imaging light emitted by the liquid crystal panel 50) is reflected by the reflective imaging device 60 and reaches the preset position 100, so that the observer whose eyes are located at the preset position 100 can see
  • the virtual image 300 formed by the reflective imaging device 60 meanwhile, for the object at the preset position 100, a virtual image of the object can also be formed on the other side of the reflective imaging device 60, and the position of the virtual image of the object is the mirror position 101 .
  • the "distance between the direction control element 30 and the mirror position 101" in this embodiment specifically refers to the optical path when light enters the mirror position 101 from the direction control element 30 .
  • the head-up display system is installed on vehicles such as vehicles.
  • the reflective imaging device 60 in this embodiment can be the windshield of the vehicle, or a film attached to the windshield, and the reflective imaging device 60 has a half
  • the transflective feature allows the imaging light emitted by the liquid crystal panel 50 to be reflected by the reflective imaging device 60 to the preset position 100.
  • the light from outside the vehicle can also pass through the reflective imaging device 60 and reach the preset position 100, so that The observer at the preset position 100 can also view the scene outside the vehicle normally.
  • the "translucent and semi-reflective" in this embodiment means that the reflective imaging device 60 can transmit light or reflect light, and it is not limited to transmit 50% of light and reflect 50% of light.
  • a separate first dispersion element 41 may be used, that is, the first dispersion element 41 disperses the light emitted by the light source 10 to multiple observation ranges 200.
  • the first dispersion element 41 disperses the light emitted by the light source 10 into two observation ranges 200, which respectively correspond to the driver and the passenger of the co-pilot, so that both the driver and the passenger of the co-pilot can view the LCD panel
  • the image formed by 50 can minimize the light loss and improve the light utilization.
  • the direction control element 30 and the first dispersion element 41 respectively concentrate and diffuse the light, so as to effectively limit the light emitted by the light source 10 within the observation range 200, and the observer Within the observation range 200, the image formed by the reflection of the liquid crystal panel 50 by the reflective imaging device 60 can be viewed normally; and most or all of the light from the light source 10 can be condensed in the observation range 200 by means of focusing and dispersion.
  • the brightness during imaging can be improved, and the light utilization rate can be improved, so that the light source 10 can ensure the imaging brightness even at a lower power, so that the power consumption of the head-up display system can be reduced, and the heat generation can be reduced.
  • collimating the light emitted by the light source 10 based on the collimating element 20 facilitates the direction control element 30 and the first dispersing element 41 to more effectively concentrate and diffuse the light, and facilitate the control of the light.
  • the direction control element 30, the first dispersion element 41, and the liquid crystal panel 50 can be arranged in a variety of stacked manners.
  • the direction control element 30, the first dispersing element 41, and the liquid crystal panel 50 are stacked in sequence along the exit direction of the light source 10, that is, the light from the light source 10 is first collected and then diffused, and then used as a backlight for imaging.
  • the first dispersing element 41, the direction control element 30, and the liquid crystal panel 50 are stacked in sequence along the light emission direction of the light source 10, that is, the light from the light source 10 is first diffused and then collected, and then used as a backlight for imaging .
  • FIG. 1 the direction control element 30, the first dispersing element 41, and the liquid crystal panel 50 are stacked in sequence along the exit direction of the light source 10, that is, the light from the light source 10 is first collected and then diffused, and then used as a backlight for imaging.
  • the first dispersing element 41, the direction control element 30, and the liquid crystal panel 50 are stacked
  • the direction control element 30, the liquid crystal panel 50, and the first dispersion element 41 are stacked in sequence along the light emission direction of the light source 10, that is, the light from the light source 10 is first collected, then directly used as a backlight for imaging, and finally Diffusion of imaging light.
  • Other cascading settings can be used, which will not be detailed here.
  • the method of focusing first and then dispersing can generally be adopted, that is, the light source 10 and the first dispersing element 41 are respectively arranged on both sides of the direction control element 30, and the first dispersing element 41 is configured to control the direction.
  • the light gathered by the element 30 is diffused, and the specific structure can be seen in FIG. 1 or FIG. 6.
  • the first dispersion element 41 is arranged between the light source 10 and the liquid crystal panel 50, as shown in FIG. 1. At the same time, the light can be collimated by the collimating element 20 first, and then concentrated and dispersed.
  • the direction control element 30 and the first dispersing element 41 are also arranged on the same side of the collimating element 20.
  • the direction control element 30 is disposed between the collimating element 20 and the first dispersion element 41; the direction control element 30 is configured to gather the collimated light and emit the concentrated light to the first dispersion. Element 41.
  • the head-up display system may be provided with a plurality of collimating elements 20, and each collimating element 20 is provided with one or more light sources 10.
  • a plurality of light sources 10 may be arranged in a matrix form as a light source lattice, for example, 4 light sources 10 may be arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 lattice; or, a plurality of light sources 10 may also be arranged in a linear array, such as 4 light sources 10 Can be arranged in a 1 ⁇ 4 array.
  • the collimating element 20 can collimate the light emitted by the light source 10 therein; at the same time, a plurality of collimating elements 20 can be arranged in a close-packed manner to avoid partial areas that cannot form backlight.
  • the shape of the collimating element 20 is circular, and a plurality of collimating elements 20 are closely packed and arranged.
  • the "shape of the collimating element" in this embodiment refers to the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the collimating element 20;
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the head-up display system, and FIGS. 7a and 7b are along the top view direction. Observe the schematic diagram of the arrangement of the collimating elements 20.
  • the circular collimating element 20 can utilize the light emitted by the light source 10 most efficiently and improve the light utilization efficiency. However, when the circular collimating elements 20 are closely arranged, there must be a gap between the two collimating elements 20, thereby reducing the space utilization. In order to balance the light utilization and space utilization, the collimating elements 20 can be arranged in a completely close-packed manner. The "completely close-packed" in this embodiment means that there may be no gaps between the collimating elements 20 after being closely packed. .
  • the shape of the collimating element 20 is a quadrilateral (such as a rhombus, a rectangle, etc.) or a hexagon (preferably a regular hexagon), a completely close-packed arrangement can be achieved.
  • the shape of the collimating element 20 is rectangular, and a plurality of collimating elements 20 are arranged in a completely close-packed manner; Figures 8a and 8b show two completely close-packed ways of the rectangular collimating element 20 .
  • the shape of the collimating element 20 is a regular hexagon, and the plurality of collimating elements 20 are completely packed and arranged.
  • the regular hexagonal arrangement improves the space utilization rate, it also slightly reduces the light utilization rate.
  • the shape of the collimating element 20 is an octagon (for example, a regular octagon), and a plurality of collimating elements 20 are closely packed and arranged.
  • the gaps can be filled with small light sources.
  • a sub-collimation element whose size matches the gap is additionally provided in the gap between the plurality of collimation elements 20.
  • the sub-collimation element may be of any shape, and the figure is illustrated by taking the sub-collimation element as an octagon as an example. Since the octagon is closer to the circle than the hexagon, the light utilization rate is higher, and the space utilization rate is higher than that of the circular array.
  • the large octagon represents the collimating element 20a
  • the small octagon represents the sub-collimating element 20b.
  • one sub-collimation element 20b is arranged in the gap formed by the four collimating elements 20a, and each of the four collimating elements 20a is adjacent to each other.
  • the element 20a is in contact
  • the sub-collimating element 20b located in the gap is in contact with the four collimating elements 20a.
  • a light source is configured for each sub-collimating element 20b
  • a light source is configured for each collimating element 20a.
  • the collimating element 20a represented by the large octagon may be referred to as the first collimating element
  • the sub-collimating element 20b represented by the small octagon may be referred to as the second collimating element.
  • the collimating element 20 can collimate the light emitted by the light source 10, it cannot achieve perfect collimation in actual situations, resulting in relatively weak brightness at the edge of the collimating element 20.
  • the gap between the collimating elements 20 is likely to form a darker light area.
  • a plurality of dispersing elements are arranged at intervals to uniform light brightness. As shown in FIG.
  • the head-up display system further includes a second dispersion element 42; the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 are stacked and arranged, and the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 are separated by a predetermined distance .
  • both the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 can disperse the light emitted by the light source 10, and at the same time, the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 can be evenly collimated by the collimating element 20
  • the straight light makes the imaging brightness of the liquid crystal panel 50 more uniform.
  • both the first dispersive element 41 and the second dispersive element 42 are essentially a kind of dispersive element, and the dispersive element may specifically be a diffractive optical element (DOE), such as a beam shaper (Beam Shaper), etc.;
  • DOE diffractive optical element
  • Beam Shaper Beam Shaper
  • the dispersion element may be a scattering optical element, such as a homogenizing sheet, a diffusion sheet, and the like.
  • a scattering optical element such as a homogenizing sheet, a diffusion sheet, and the like.
  • the head-up display system adopts a plurality of dispersive elements (including the first dispersive element 41 and the second dispersive element 42) arranged at intervals, which not only diffuses the light, but also uniforms the brightness of the light to ensure the liquid crystal
  • the imaging brightness of the panel 50 is uniform.
  • the preset distance may specifically be 40-50 mm.
  • the multiple dispersion elements in this embodiment may all be arranged on the same side of the direction control element 30.
  • the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 are both arranged on the direction control element 30 close to the liquid crystal panel. 50 side.
  • the dispersive elements can also be dispersedly arranged on both sides of the direction control element 30 to reduce the overall thickness of the image source 1.
  • the first dispersion element 41 and the second dispersion element 42 are respectively arranged on both sides of the direction control element 30.
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is first collimated in this embodiment, that is, the light source 10 and the collimating element 20 is arranged on the same side of the direction control element 30 (or the first dispersion element 41); at the same time, part or all of the collimating element 20 is arranged between the light source 10 and the direction control element 30; the collimating element 20 is configured to adjust The subsequent light is emitted to the direction control element 30.
  • the collimating element 20 may include a collimating lens 21 and/or a collimating film, and the collimating lens 21 and/or the collimating film are arranged between the light source 10 and the direction control element 30.
  • the collimating lens 21 includes one or more of a convex lens, a concave lens, a Fresnel lens, or a combination of the above lenses (for example, a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens, a combination of a Fresnel lens and a concave lens, etc.).
  • the collimating film may be a Brightness Enhancement Film (BEF), which is used to adjust the exit direction of the light to a preset angle range, for example, to gather the light in the angle range of ⁇ 35° of the normal of the collimating film .
  • BEF Brightness Enhancement Film
  • the light source 10 may be set at the focal point of the collimating lens 21, that is, the distance between the collimating lens 21 and the position of the light source 10 is the focal length of the collimating lens 21, so that the light rays from different directions from the light source 10 pass through the collimator lens 21.
  • the straight lens 21 can be emitted in parallel, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the collimating element 20 can be all located between the light source 10 and the direction control element 30.
  • the collimating element 20 adjusts the exit direction of the light from the light source 10 through reflection.
  • the collimating element 20 is provided with a reflective surface capable of reflecting the light emitted by the light source 10. By setting the curvature of the reflective surface, the reflection angle of the light can be adjusted, so that the exit direction of the light emitted by the light source 10 can be restricted to a preset angle Within the range, even the light of the light source 10 is adjusted to parallel light.
  • the reflective surface can be realized with a lamp cup structure, for example, it can be an internal reflective surface of a hollow lamp cup.
  • the collimating element 20 includes a hollow lamp cup 22.
  • the hollow lamp cup 22 is a hollow shell with an inner reflective surface, and the opening direction of the hollow lamp cup 22 faces the direction control element 30; the light source 10 is arranged at the end of the hollow lamp cup 22 away from the opening, and the hollow lamp cup is used
  • the inner reflective surface of 22 adjusts the exit direction of light from the light source 10.
  • the inner light-reflecting surface of the hollow lamp cup 22 may have a parabolic shape, a free-form surface shape, a regular triangular pyramid shape, an isosceles triangular pyramid shape, or a cubic pyramid shape.
  • the collimating element 20 may be provided with a reflective surface, and at the same time, a collimating lens 21 and/or a collimating film may be provided.
  • the collimating lens 21 and/or the collimating film are arranged inside the hollow lamp cup 22, and the size of the collimating lens 21 and/or the collimating film is smaller than the size of the opening of the hollow lamp cup; the collimating lens 21 and/or collimating The film is configured to collimate part of the light emitted by the light source 10 in the hollow lamp cup 22 and then emit it to the direction control element 30. As shown in FIG.
  • the collimating lens 21 of the collimating element 20 collimates a part of the light emitted by the light source 10 (that is, the light indicated by the bold arrow in FIG. 13), and the exit angle of this part of the light is relatively small; 10
  • the light with a larger exit angle (that is, the light shown by the thin line arrow in Figure 13) is collimated by the inner reflective surface of the hollow lamp cup 22, so that the collimating lens 21 and the hollow lamp cup 22 can be combined more effectively
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is collimated.
  • the collimating lens 21 and/or collimating film can also be completely covered at the opening of the hollow lamp cup 22; at this time, the hollow lamp cup 22 mainly plays a role of reflection, and the collimating lens 21 and/or collimating film
  • the membrane mainly plays a role of collimation.
  • the collimating function can also be realized based on the collimating element 20 shown in FIG. 14, and the manufacturing process of the collimating element 20 is simple and convenient to manufacture.
  • the collimating lens 21 of each collimating element 20 can be cut, for example, into a regular triangle, a regular hexagon or a regular quadrilateral, so that the collimating elements 20 can be closely arranged.
  • the collimating element 20 in this embodiment may adopt a quadrangular trellis-shaped hollow shell with an inner reflective surface, that is, the collimating element 20 It has a quadrangular pyramid shape, and the cross-sectional shape or opening shape of the collimating element 20 is a quadrilateral, for example, it may be a parallelogram, a rectangle, a square, or a trapezoid.
  • the collimating element 20 has an opening that gradually becomes larger, and the opening is the light exit of the collimating element 20.
  • the light source 10 is arranged at the bottom end of the opening of the collimating element 20 (the left side of the collimating element 20 in Figure 15a), and the light emitted by the light source 10 is reflected by the reflective surface inside the collimating element 20 Then it can shoot out from the opening (the right side of the collimating element 20 in Fig. 15a).
  • multiple light sources 10 may also be provided in the collimating element 20.
  • a plurality of light sources 10 may be arranged in a matrix form into a light source lattice. In Fig.
  • FIG. 15c there are six light sources 10 arranged in a 2 ⁇ 3 lattice arrangement; or, as shown in Fig. 15d, multiple light sources 10 It can also be arranged in a linear array, and three light sources 10 are arranged linearly in FIG. 15d.
  • the collimating element 20 is a roof-shaped lamp cup with an opening, and the light sources 10 are arranged in a row at the end of the roof-shaped lamp cup away from the opening; through the roof-shaped lamp cup, a row of The light emitted by the light source 10 is uniformly emitted along the opening direction, so that the image source 1 can be provided with uniform light.
  • the collimating element 20 may include a solid lamp cup 23; the solid lamp cup 23 is a solid transparent component, and the refractive index of the solid transparent component is greater than 1;
  • the opening direction of 23 faces the direction control element 30; the light source 10 is arranged at the end of the solid lamp cup 23 away from the opening, and the light emitted by the light source 10 is totally reflected when it hits the inner surface of the solid transparent part.
  • the solid lamp cup 23 is a solid transparent component, and the opening direction of the solid lamp cup 23 refers to the opening direction of the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup 23.
  • the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup 23 is the inner surface of the solid transparent part.
  • the solid transparent part is provided with a cavity 232 at the end away from the opening, and is configured to place the light source 10, that is, the light source 10 is arranged in The bottom of the lamp cup far away from the opening of the solid lamp cup; after the light emitted by the light source 10 is directed to the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup 23, since the refractive index of the solid lamp cup 23 is greater than 1, the peripheral medium of the solid lamp cup 23 is air (refracted The rate is 1).
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 When the light emitted by the light source 10 reaches the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup 23, the light radiates from the optically dense medium (that is, the solid lamp cup 23) to the light medium (that is, the air around the solid lamp cup 23), As long as the incident angle of the light emitted from the light source 10 reaches the preset angle when it is directed to the reflective surface 231, total reflection can occur; by setting the surface shape of the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup, the light emitted from the light source 10 obliquely can be collimated. straight.
  • the reflective surface 231 of the solid lamp cup is a free-form surface (that is, it cannot be represented by a simple curved surface function mathematically), or a compound paraboloid (that is, the reflective surface is composed of multiple parabolas), both of which can be aligned well
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is not limited to this.
  • the collimating lens 21 can be integrated on the solid lamp cup 23 to further improve the collimation effect.
  • the solid transparent part is provided with a cavity 232 at the end away from the opening of the solid lamp cup, and the side of the cavity 232 close to the opening of the solid lamp cup is a convex surface 233.
  • the solid transparent part is provided with a slot 234 in the middle position close to the end of the solid lamp cup, and the bottom surface of the slot 234 is a convex surface 235.
  • the solid lamp cup 23 shown in FIG. 17 or FIG. 18 can be directly used as the collimating element 20.
  • the convex surface 233 of the cavity 232 or the convex surface 235 of the slot 234 is configured to collimate the light emitted by the light source 10, that is, the convex surface 233 or the convex surface 235 is equivalent to the collimating lens 21.
  • the convex surface 233 or the convex surface 235 are both arranged in the middle position of the solid transparent part, and the size of the convex surface 233 or the convex surface 235 is smaller than the opening size of the solid lamp cup 23; the convex surface 233 or the convex surface 235 is configured to emit the light source 10 in the solid lamp cup 23 After being collimated, part of the light is emitted to the direction control element 30. As shown in FIG.
  • the convex surface 233 is arranged in the cavity at the end of the solid lamp cup, and the convex surface 233 can form a convex lens to collimate the light directed to the convex surface 233.
  • the middle position of the solid transparent part is provided with a slot 234, and the bottom surface of the slot 234 is a convex surface 235.
  • the convex surface 235 of the solid lamp cup is configured to reflect light that cannot be reflected by the solid lamp cup reflective surface 231 After collimation is performed, other rays with larger exit angles are totally reflected in the solid lamp cup 23 and then collimated out of the solid lamp cup 23.
  • the material of the solid lamp cup 23 is a transparent material with a refractive index greater than 1, such as a polymer transparent material, glass and the like.
  • the collimating lens 21 and/or collimating film can also be completely covered at the opening of the solid lamp cup 23; at this time, the solid lamp cup 23 mainly plays a reflection role, and the collimating lens 21 and/or collimating The membrane mainly plays a role of collimation.
  • the structure of the collimating element 20 can be referred to as shown in FIG. 14, and its working principle is also the same as the related content of the above description, and will not be repeated here.
  • the collimated light passes through the first dispersion element After 41, the light spreads and spreads to multiple areas, that is, the light directly spreads to multiple areas, and each area corresponds to an observation area 200.
  • the separated first dispersing element 41 apart from dispersing the light, can also separate the light into different observation ranges 200.
  • the process of separating the light into different observation ranges 200 and the direction control element 30 control the direction of the light.
  • the function is similar, both can control the direction of light, that is, the dispersion element can also play a role of direction control, and can emit light to the observation range 200 corresponding to different directions.
  • the head-up display system further includes a polarization control element 70;
  • the liquid crystal panel 50 includes a first polarizer 51, a liquid crystal layer 52 and a second polarizer 53.
  • the first polarizer 51 and the second polarizer 53 are respectively disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 52, and the first polarizer 51 is disposed between the liquid crystal layer 52 and the light source 10; the first polarizer 51 is configured to pass through The first linearly polarized light, the second polarizer 53 is configured to pass through the second linearly polarized light perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light; the polarization control element 70 is arranged between the light source 10 and the first polarizer 51 to polarize The control element 70 is configured to transmit the first linearly polarized light and reflect or absorb the second linearly polarized light.
  • the upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal layer 52 of the liquid crystal panel 50 are respectively provided with polarizers with vertical polarization states, that is, the first polarizer 51 and the second polarizer 53; the first linearly polarized light can pass through The first polarizer 51, the second linearly polarized light can pass through the second polarizer 52, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light.
  • the light emitted by the light source 10 is generally non-polarized light, that is, about 50% of the light can be absorbed by the first polarizer 51 between the liquid crystal layer and the light source 10, and the polarizer is generally attached to the surface of the liquid crystal layer 52 , So that this part of the light energy will cause the first polarizer 51 and the liquid crystal layer 52 to heat up, and affect the service life of the liquid crystal panel 50.
  • a polarization control element 70 is provided between the light source 10 and the first polarizer 51.
  • the polarization control element 70 can transmit the first linearly polarized light and reflect or absorb the second linearly polarized light so as to reach
  • the light of the first polarizer 51 is only the first linearly polarized light, so as to prevent the first polarizer 51 from absorbing the second linearly polarized light and prevent the liquid crystal panel 50 from absorbing heat, thereby prolonging the service life of the liquid crystal panel 50.
  • the second linearly polarized light in the light emitted by the light source 10 can be absorbed by the polarization control element 70, and only a certain distance between the polarization control element 70 and the liquid crystal panel 50 is required.
  • the polarization control element 70 can reflect the second linearly polarized light
  • the reflected second linearly polarized light can be reflected to the polarization control element 70 again by the reflection of other components (such as the reflective surface of the collimating element 20, etc.) , And part of the light can be converted into the first linearly polarized light, so that more light can be used for imaging of the liquid crystal panel 50, thereby improving light utilization.
  • the polarization control element 70 is a reflective polarized reflective film, specifically DBEF (Dual Brightness Enhancement Film), BEF, a photonic crystal with polarization and incident angle selective transparency, etc., and When the polarization control element 70 can reflect the second linearly polarized light, the polarization control element 70 may be attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel 50.
  • DBEF Direct Brightness Enhancement Film
  • BEF Double Brightness Enhancement Film
  • a photonic crystal with polarization and incident angle selective transparency etc.
  • the head-up display system further includes: a light blocking layer 80; the light blocking layer 80 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal panel 50 away from the light source 10, and the light blocking layer 80 is configured as The emission angle of the emitted light from the liquid crystal panel 50 is limited.
  • the light blocking layer 80 includes a plurality of light blocking barriers with a predetermined height, and a plurality of raised light blocking barriers form a barrier array to physically block the propagation of light in certain directions.
  • the angle at which the observer can see the light can be limited.
  • the light blocking layer 80 limits the light to the viewing angle ⁇ , thereby forming an observable area; that is, the human eye E1 is located in the observable area, and the light emitted by the light source 10 can be seen at this time.
  • the human eye E2 is located outside the observable area, so that the human eye E2 cannot see the light emitted by the light source 10, and the human eye E2 cannot observe the image of the liquid crystal panel 50.
  • the light blocking layer 80 may be a barrier array, which may be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle, so that only light in the direction parallel to the barrier can pass through.
  • the viewing angle of the light blocking layer 80 can be 48 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, or any other desired angles.
  • the light blocking layer 80 may be an orthogonal stack of two layers of barrier arrays, or a stack of two layers of barriers staggered at a certain angle.
  • the fence array of each layer can be horizontal, vertical, or at any angle.
  • the viewing angle can be 48 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, or any other desired angle.
  • the light blocking layer 80 may be a privacy grating.
  • a light blocking layer 80 is added to the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel 50, which can limit the angle of light emission and achieve certain special purposes; for example, the image source 1 without the light blocking layer 80 is set in The surface of the vehicle console, so that the driver may see the image of the liquid crystal panel 50 and the image reflected by the windshield at the same time, affecting the driver to drive the vehicle.
  • the light blocking layer 80 can make the light exit only toward the direction of the windshield, and the image of the liquid crystal panel 50 itself cannot be seen from the driver's perspective, thereby preventing the image of the liquid crystal panel 50 from affecting driving.
  • the head-up display system further includes a light scattering layer 90; the light scattering layer 90 is disposed on the side of the light blocking layer 80 away from the liquid crystal panel 50, and the light scattering layer 90 is configured to scatter light from the external environment .
  • a light scattering layer 90 is provided on the outside of the light blocking layer 80, which can scatter external ambient light, such as sunlight, etc., so as to prevent glare caused by external sunlight on the surface of the light blocking layer 80 .
  • the light scattering layer 90 and the light blocking layer 80 can be integrally formed, such as a frosted privacy grating.
  • the dispersion element only the first dispersion element may be provided, or the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element may be provided.
  • the first dispersion element may be referred to as a dispersion element.
  • the dispersion element includes the first dispersion element and the second dispersion element. It can be understood that, as required, more than two dispersion elements can be provided.
  • the direction control element 30 is, for example, a light gathering element.
  • the direction control element 108 may include a collimating element, and may also include other elements such as a light collecting element.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a light control device, as shown in FIG. 22, which includes: a dispersion element 106 and a direction control element 108.
  • the direction control element 108 is configured to converge light emitted from light sources at different positions, that is, to the same preset position 1062; the dispersive element 106 is arranged on the side of the direction control element 108 away from the light source, and the dispersive element 106 is configured to converge
  • the light emitted from the direction control element 108 is diffused and forms a light spot 1061 with a predetermined shape.
  • the light spot 1061 corresponds to the first preset area.
  • multiple direction control elements 108 are used to realize the convergence of light.
  • light sources 104 are set in different positions.
  • seven light sources 104 are set as an example; correspondingly, seven direction control elements 108 are set to control the direction of light emitted by the light source 104.
  • a direction control element 108 is provided for each light source 104.
  • the direction control element 108 converges the light emitted by the multiple light sources 104 to a preset position 1062.
  • the preset position 1062 corresponds to the second preset area.
  • the area of the second preset area is smaller than the area of the first preset area. For example, in FIG.
  • the preset position 1062 in this embodiment can also be a small area, that is, it is only necessary to converge the light emitted by the light source 104 into this area.
  • each direction control element 108 is similar to a small light control device, and the direction of the light source 104 is adjusted by setting the orientation of the direction control element 108 in different positions, so as to achieve light convergence.
  • the image source can only image in a small range, which is not convenient for observation
  • the light is diffused by the diffusing element 106 to form a light spot 1061 with a preset shape and a larger imaging range, thereby facilitating the observer to view the image source image in a large range.
  • the diffusing element 106 takes the leftmost direction control element 108 in FIG. 22 as an example, as shown in FIG.
  • the light A emitted by the leftmost light source 104 can be emitted along the optical path a.
  • the dispersing element 106 disperses the light A into multiple light rays (including light A1, light A2, etc.) and disperses them in a range, that is, the light spot 1061, It is convenient for the observer to observe the image source imaging within the range of the light spot 1061.
  • the dispersion element 106 may be a diffractive optical element (DOE), such as a beam shaper (Beam Shaper); the size and shape of the light spot are determined by the microstructure of the beam shaper, and the shape of the light spot includes but is not limited to Round, oval, square, rectangular, batwing shape.
  • DOE diffractive optical element
  • Beam Shaper Beam Shaper
  • the diffusive angle of the diffused light spot in the side view direction is 10 degrees, and further, for example, 5 degrees, but is not limited thereto; the diffusive angle in the front view direction is 50 degrees, further, for example, 30 degrees, but is not limited thereto.
  • the side view direction is the left-right direction or the horizontal direction, for example, the front view direction is the up-down direction or the vertical direction.
  • the number of direction control elements 108 is multiple, and different direction control elements 108 are arranged at different positions to adjust the exit direction of light emitted by light sources at different positions, and the exit directions of light emitted by light sources at different positions are all Point to the same preset position.
  • the number of direction control elements 108 in FIG. 22 is seven.
  • one direction control element 108 can adjust the light emitted by one light source 104, and can also adjust the light emitted by multiple light sources 104, which is not limited in this embodiment. That is, one or more light sources 104 can be provided in one direction control element 108.
  • the diffusing effect of the dispersing element 106 in FIG. 22 is only a schematic illustration, and the dispersing element 106 can disperse the light into the range of the light spot 1061, and does not completely limit the light emitted by the light source 104 to the light spot 1061. That is, the light A may form a larger range of light spots after passing through the dispersing element 106, and the light emitted by other light sources 104 may form other light spots through the dispersing element 106, but the light emitted by all the light sources 104 can reach the light spot 1061.
  • the light from different positions can be condensed to the same position through the direction control element, which can improve the brightness of the light; at the same time, the light is diffused by the diffusing element to form a light spot with a preset shape. It is convenient for subsequent imaging in the range of the light spot, so that while improving the brightness of the light, it can also expand the imaging range.
  • the light source does not need high power to provide light with sufficient brightness, the heat dissipation requirements of the light source equipment can be reduced.
  • the direction control element 108 includes a collimating element 107, which can collimate the light emitted by the light source 104, that is, collimate the light emitted from the light source in different directions. , So that the direction of the light emitted by the direction control element 108 is consistent or substantially consistent.
  • the collimating element 107 is a collimating lens.
  • the collimating lens includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a Fresnel lens, or one or more of the above lens combinations.
  • the lens combination may be a combination of a convex lens and a concave lens.
  • a combination of a Fresnel lens and a concave lens, etc.; or, the collimating element 107 is a collimating film configured to adjust the exit direction of the light to within a preset angle range.
  • the distance between the collimating element 107 and the position of the light source 104 is the focal length of the collimating element 107, that is, the light source 104 is set at the focal point of the collimating element 107.
  • the direction control element 108 further includes a light concentrating element 105; the light concentrating element 105 is arranged between the light source 104 and the dispersion element 106.
  • the direction control element 108 includes a collimating element 107
  • the light concentrating element 105 is arranged between the collimating element 107 and the dispersing element 106; the light concentrating element 105 is configured to converge different light rays to the same preset position 1062 .
  • the light collecting element 105 may be provided with a plurality of collimating elements 107 correspondingly.
  • the light control device further includes a light blocking layer 80.
  • a light blocking layer 80 For details, please refer to FIG. 20 and the above-mentioned related descriptions, which will not be repeated here.
  • the light blocking layer 80 needs to be provided on the outer surface of the imaging device.
  • the light blocking layer 80 needs to be arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal display, and then the imaging of the liquid crystal display can be blocked, that is, only in the observation area The observer inside can see the image of the liquid crystal display.
  • the light control device can be used in a head-up display (HUD) to realize light control of the head-up display; at the same time, the light blocking layer 80 can prevent the driver from directly viewing the screen of the head-up display.
  • the height direction of the light blocking fence of the light blocking layer 80 faces the windshield 701.
  • the height direction of the light blocking fence refers to the direction of the light blocking element from the side of the light source 104 to the outside of the light control device, and is also the direction in which the light control device emits light; in FIG. 24, a small rectangle represents the light blocking fence.
  • the length direction is the aforementioned "height direction of the light blocking fence".
  • the head-up display When the head-up display is working, it will form a real image on the screen surface, and a virtual image will be formed through the windshield 701. Because of the light blocking layer 80, the driver’s eyes E3 cannot see the real image on the head-up display screen and can only pass through The windshield 701 can see the virtual image formed by the head-up display; that is, the screen of the head-up display cannot be directly viewed from the user's position, so that when the user is driving the vehicle, the brightness of the head-up display screen can be prevented from affecting the user's field of vision. , Or cause dizziness to users, which can improve driving safety.
  • each direction control element 108 in FIGS. 22 and 23 further includes a reflection element; the reflection element is configured to reflect the light emitted by the light source 104 to the dispersion element 106.
  • the reflecting element includes a lamp cup; the lamp cup is a hollow shell surrounded by a reflective surface, and the opening direction of the lamp cup faces the dispersion element 106; the bottom of the lamp cup away from the opening is used to set the light source 104.
  • the inner wall of the lamp cup that is, the inner wall of the groove of the reflecting element
  • the reflective surface of the lamp cup is the reflective surface of the lamp cup.
  • the direction control element 108 further includes: a collimating element 107; the collimating element 107 is arranged inside the lamp cup, and the size of the collimating element 107 is smaller than the lamp cup The size of the opening; the collimating element 107 is configured to collimate part of the light emitted by the light source in the lamp cup and then emitted to the dispersion element 106.
  • the lamp cup is a solid lamp cup, that is, the lamp cup is a solid transparent part with a reflective surface, and the refractive index of the solid transparent part is greater than 1; the opening direction of the solid lamp cup faces the dispersion element 106; the end of the solid lamp cup away from the opening is used to set the light source 104.
  • the specific structure of the solid lamp cup can be seen in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, which will not be repeated here.
  • the passive light-emitting image source includes a light control device 100, a light source 104 and a liquid crystal layer 200.
  • the light source 104 and the liquid crystal layer 200 are arranged on both sides of the direction control element 108 of the light control device 100.
  • the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal layer 200 may specifically be ordinary liquid crystals, such as twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal, high twisted nematic (HTN) liquid crystal, and super twisted nematic (HTN) liquid crystal.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • HTN high twisted nematic
  • HTTP super twisted nematic
  • STN Super Twisted Nematic
  • FSTN Formatted Super Twisted Nematic
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 may also be a blue phase liquid crystal.
  • the light source 104 may be an electroluminescent device, such as a light emitting diode (LED), an incandescent lamp, a laser, a quantum dot light source, etc., for example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a mini light emitting diode (OLED), etc.
  • Mini LED Micro LED, Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL), Electroluminescent Display (ELD), LED Cold Light Source (Cold LED Light, CLL), Electrically Excited Light (Electro Luminescent, EL), electron emission (Field Emission Display, FED), tungsten halogen lamp, metal halide lamp, etc.
  • the working principle of the passive light-emitting image source provided in this embodiment is basically similar to the principle of a common passive light-emitting image source.
  • the light emitted by the light source 104 is processed by the light control device 100 to provide light to the liquid crystal layer 200; that is, the light control device
  • the light source 100 and the light source 104 can be regarded as a whole backlight light source, which provides light for imaging of the liquid crystal layer 200.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes liquid crystals. Based on the characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 200, the liquid crystal layer 200 deflects linearly polarized light.
  • the light control device 100 can collimate and diffuse the light emitted by the light source 104.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 can form a light spot with a predetermined shape at a predetermined position 1061.
  • Fig. 26 takes a rectangular light spot as an example. That is, the observer can observe the clear image formed by the liquid crystal layer 200 at the preset position 1061.
  • the dispersion element 106 is arranged under the liquid crystal layer 200 (the dispersion element 106 is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 200 close to the light source 104) as an example.
  • the dispersion element 106 can also be arranged on the liquid crystal layer 200 away from the light source 104. On the other side, the same dispersion effect can also be achieved.
  • the head-up display (HUD) technology uses the principle of optical reflection to project vehicle information such as vehicle speed on the windshield or other glass to avoid distraction caused by the driver looking down at the instrument panel during driving. This can improve the driving safety factor and at the same time bring a better driving experience.
  • the usual windshield display HUD image source is mostly a liquid crystal display (LCD). If the HUD adopts a normal LCD image source, the brightness of the HUD display image on the windshield is low. Generally, the brightness of the LCD image source is increased to ensure the brightness of the HUD image displayed on the windshield, which not only leads to the image source’s power Higher energy consumption and higher heat generation increase the heat dissipation requirements of the HUD.
  • the normal HUD light source can be based on the free-form mirror optical design method to expand the field of view and display area, and there will be problems such as insufficient brightness, and ensuring the brightness of the screen will cause the light source to generate extremely high electrical power. Consumption.
  • the passive light-emitting image source provided by this application is applied to the HUD, the angle of the light emitted by the image source can be controlled, and the light can be restricted within the range of the light spot, thereby improving the utilization and transmittance of the light emitted by the light source.
  • the light source can transmit high-brightness light, which is convenient for subsequent high-brightness imaging and reduces the energy consumption of the light source.
  • the light control device will not absorb a large amount of light energy, and the heat generation is small. Low heat dissipation requirements.
  • the plane where the light exits of the multiple light control devices 100 are located is the same as the angle between the liquid crystal layer 200.
  • the plane where the light exits of the multiple light control devices 100 are located is parallel to the liquid crystal layer 200. This arrangement facilitates the placement of multiple light control devices 100.
  • a plurality of light control devices 100 are arranged in sequence.
  • a plurality of light control devices 100 are arranged in sequence, and the angles between the planes where the light exits of the multiple light control devices 100 are located and the liquid crystal layer 200 are different. As shown in FIG. 26, the angle between the plane where the light exits of the multiple light control devices 100 are and the liquid crystal layer 200 gradually increases.
  • the light source 104 is an electroluminescence array composed of one or more electroluminescence modules 1041, and each electroluminescence module 1041 includes one or more electroluminescence devices. 1042.
  • an electroluminescent module 1041 includes 6 electroluminescent devices 1042 as an example.
  • the light control device 100 includes one or more reflective elements, and each electroluminescent module 1041 is correspondingly provided with a reflective element (the reflective element may be the inner surface of a hollow lamp cup). That is, the reflective element in this embodiment may be provided with one electroluminescent device 1042 correspondingly, or multiple electroluminescent devices 1042 may be provided, which can be determined according to actual conditions.
  • the electroluminescent device may be an incandescent lamp, LED, laser, quantum dot light source, etc.
  • FIG. 27a in this embodiment is a top view of the passive light-emitting image source, and FIG. 27a shows an expression form of an electroluminescence array.
  • the shape of the backlight light source of the passive light-emitting image source is determined by the light control device 100.
  • the electroluminescent device 1042 is generally a point light source, the use of a circular light control device 100 (such as a lamp cup with a circular opening in the light control device 100) can most efficiently utilize the light emitted by the electroluminescent device 1042; However, when the circular light control devices 100 are arranged, there must be a gap between the two light control devices, thereby reducing the space utilization.
  • the electroluminescent array can be arranged in a regular hexagon, as shown in Fig. 27b; although the regular hexagon arrangement improves the space utilization, it reduces the light utilization.
  • the electroluminescence array adopts a regular octagonal arrangement, as shown in FIG. 27c or FIG. 27d.
  • the gaps can be filled with a small regular octagonal light control device 100, because the regular octagon is better than the regular hexagon. It is closer to the circle, so the light utilization rate is higher, and the space utilization rate is higher than that of the circular array.
  • the passive light-emitting image source includes multiple sets of light control devices 100; different light control devices 100 are configured to emit light emitted by the light source 104 to different directions or regions. As shown in FIG. 28, the figure includes two sets of light control devices 100 as an example.
  • the light control device 100 controls the light emitted by the light source 104, so that different images of the liquid crystal layer 200 can be viewed at different positions or regions.
  • FIG. 28 the figure includes two sets of light control devices 100 as an example.
  • the light control device 100 controls the light emitted by the light source 104, so that different images of the liquid crystal layer 200 can be viewed at different positions or regions.
  • the directions of the light emitted by the two light control devices 100 are different; those skilled in the art can understand that since the two light control devices 100 correspond to different positions of the liquid crystal layer 200, even if the light The direction of light emitted by the control device 100 is the same (for example, both are perpendicular to the liquid crystal layer 200), and two eye box ranges can also be formed.
  • the light control device 100 in this embodiment may be the light control device in any of the above-mentioned embodiments of FIGS. 22-24.
  • the eye box range refers to the area where the observer can observe the image presented by the light spot.
  • the passive light-emitting image source is an LCD display device, which contains two sets of light control devices, which form an eye box range E01 and an eye box range E02, respectively, located in the eye box
  • the observer at the range E01 can only see the imaging of the left part of the passive light-emitting image source, and the observer at the eye box range E02 can only see the image of the right part of the passive light-emitting image source.
  • FIG. 29 shows the center axis point P. Two images are viewed at the central axis point P, forming a crosstalk image. The area where two images can be viewed at the same time is the crosstalk area.
  • the light control device 100 has a dispersive element 106, and a larger light spot is formed by the dispersive element 106, so that observers at different positions can also observe the imaging of the passive light-emitting image source.
  • the dispersing element 106 is configured to form a bat-wing-shaped spot (similar to the infinity symbol " ⁇ " shape spot), that is, a group of light control devices can be formed by the dispersing element 106.
  • the imaging diagram at this time is shown in Figure 30 Show.
  • the light emitted by the light control device 100 in the passive light-emitting image source is reflected by the reflection device 700 to the human eye, thereby forming a bright virtual image VT outside the reflection device 700, and its imaging schematic diagram See Figure 31.
  • the reflecting device 700 can be made of transparent materials, such as ordinary glass, quartz glass, car windshields, and transparent resin plates; it can also be made of opaque materials, such as flat/concave/convex/free-form surfaces coated with a reflective layer. Mirror, reflective film and smooth metal reflective surface, etc.
  • FIG. 32a In the case of multiple observers, when multiple light control devices 100 are used, the imaging diagram is shown in FIG. 32a.
  • two light control devices 100 form two light spots, namely, two eye box ranges E01 and E02. .
  • a dispersive element with a larger spot such as a larger rectangular spot, or a batwing spot, etc.
  • Figure 32b shows a group of light control devices 100 forming a bat through the dispersive element
  • a schematic diagram of a wing spot (similar to a spot in the shape of the infinity symbol " ⁇ ").
  • the LCD imaging mode is exemplified.
  • Figure 32a shows the central axis point P.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes an RGB filter, and the RGB filter enables the passive light-emitting image source to emit light of three colors of RGB, thereby forming a color image.
  • a color image is realized by blue phase liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal layer 300 in this embodiment is a blue phase liquid crystal
  • the light source 104 includes a red light source, a green light source and a blue light source; the red light source, the green light source and the blue light source work periodically, and the three do not work at the same time.
  • light sources of three colors can form RGB backlight, and the three light sources do not work at the same time, that is, at most only one color light source emits light at different times, that is, the blue phase liquid crystal A color of light can be emitted at a certain point in time.
  • the blue phase liquid crystal has a fast response speed, and the switching speed of the light source (such as LED) is also very fast, and because the human eye has a delay of about 0.2 seconds when recognizing the color, it is necessary to quickly switch the light source and control the work of the blue phase liquid crystal.
  • the state allows the human eye to receive red, green, and blue. After the human eye is integrated, it can synthesize a variety of colors (such as yellow, magenta, white, etc.), thereby making people feel that they see a colorful image.
  • one pixel of the blue phase liquid crystal can form a color pixel (traditional liquid crystal Three pixels are needed), which can increase the pixel density and improve the sharpness and resolution of imaging.
  • the passive light-emitting image source can be used as a 3D image source for the observer to watch 3D images or videos.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further includes a liquid crystal conversion layer 201; the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal layer 200 away from the light source 104.
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 can be arranged on the outside of the liquid crystal layer 200 or on the inside of the liquid crystal layer 200, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is arranged on the outside of the liquid crystal layer 200 as an example Description.
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells 2011 arranged at intervals, and one liquid crystal cell 2011 in the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 corresponds to one liquid crystal cell 2001 in the liquid crystal layer 200; the liquid crystal cell 2001 of the liquid crystal layer 200 is configured to The light of one polarization direction is converted into light of the second polarization direction, the liquid crystal unit 2011 of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is configured to convert the light of the second polarization direction into light of the first polarization direction, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction vertical.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 can be a common liquid crystal, and one liquid crystal cell 2001 of the liquid crystal layer 200 corresponds to one pixel.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 can normally display a 2D image.
  • the additional liquid crystal conversion layer 201 in this embodiment is a device composed of liquid crystal cells 2011 arranged at intervals, and each liquid crystal cell 2011 of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 corresponds to one liquid crystal cell 2001 in the liquid crystal layer 200.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes 16 liquid crystal cells 2001: A1 to A4, B1 to B4, C1 to C4, D1 to D4, and the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 includes 8 liquid crystal cells 2011, which are a1, a3, and b2.
  • liquid crystal cell a1 corresponds to liquid crystal cell A1
  • liquid crystal cell a3 corresponds to liquid crystal cell A3, and so on.
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal layer 200 is divided into two parts. Some of the liquid crystal cells correspond to the liquid crystal conversion layer 201, such as 8 liquid crystal cells such as liquid crystal cells A1, A3, B2, and B4; and the remaining liquid crystal cells There is no corresponding liquid crystal conversion layer 201, such as 8 liquid crystal cells such as liquid crystal cells A2, A4, B1, and B3.
  • the liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 can be fixedly connected by transparent materials.
  • a transparent material is provided between the liquid crystal cell a1 and the liquid crystal cell c1, so that the liquid crystal cell B1 of the liquid crystal layer 200 emits light outside.
  • the entire liquid crystal conversion layer 201 can also be produced as a whole.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 and the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 are essentially liquid crystals, the polarization characteristics of the two are not completely the same.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 is configured to convert light in the first polarization direction into light in the second polarization direction
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is configured to convert light in the second polarization direction into light in the first polarization direction;
  • One polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.
  • the light emitted by the light source 104 includes light in the first polarization direction, or the light emitted by the light source 104 can be converted into more light in the first polarization direction after passing through the light control device 100.
  • the polarization state of the light will be changed when the liquid crystal is imaged, that is, the linearly polarized light with the preset polarization direction will be converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the preset polarization direction after passing through the liquid crystal.
  • the specific direction is determined by the characteristics of the liquid crystal itself.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 and the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 in this embodiment use two different liquid crystals.
  • the light emitted from the light source 104 passes through the liquid crystal layer 200 and is converted into light with the second polarization characteristic.
  • the light After passing through the liquid crystal conversion layer 201, the light is converted into light with the first polarization characteristic without being blocked by the liquid crystal conversion layer 201.
  • the liquid crystal layer still emits light with the second polarization characteristic. Therefore, in FIG. 33, the liquid crystal cells a1, a3, etc. emit light with the first polarization characteristic, while the liquid crystal cells A2, A4, etc. emit light with the second polarization characteristic, that is, a part of the pixels of the passive light-emitting image source of this embodiment emit the first polarization characteristic.
  • the light with one polarization characteristic, and the other part of the pixels emit light with the second polarization characteristic.
  • both the liquid crystal layer 200 and the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 work. Since the human eye cannot distinguish light of different polarization states, the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is equivalent to transparent at this time, so the observer can view 2D images normally. image.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 and the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 still work normally, but the liquid crystal cells with different liquid crystal layers need to be controlled to display different images, and the observer needs to wear polarized stereo glasses to make observation
  • the left eye LE of the user views a part of the image, and the right eye RE views another part of the image.
  • the parallax between the two parts of the image brings the observer a 3D sense.
  • the polarized stereoscopic glasses are the existing mature technology, which will not be repeated here.
  • the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 In addition, in actual scenes, it is impossible for the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 to transmit light 100%, that is, the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 will not be completely transparent during operation, which causes the brightness of the light transmitted by the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 to be low. As shown in FIG. 33, the brightness of the light emitted by the liquid crystal cell B1 is relatively high, and the brightness of the light emitted by the liquid crystal cell a1 is relatively low because it passes through two layers of liquid crystal (ie, the liquid crystal cell A1 and the liquid crystal cell a1).
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 contains 1000 liquid crystal cells, 500 of which are covered with a liquid crystal conversion layer 201, and the other 500 liquid crystal cells are not provided with a corresponding liquid crystal conversion layer, so 500 liquid crystal cells covered with the liquid crystal conversion layer 201
  • the emitted light has a low brightness.
  • the total area of all the liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is not less than half of the total area of all the liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal layer 200, that is, for the liquid crystal layer 200, the area corresponding to the liquid crystal conversion layer 201
  • the number of liquid crystal cells (such as A1, C1, etc.) is greater or slightly larger than the number of liquid crystal cells (such as B1, D1, etc.) that do not correspond to the liquid crystal conversion layer 201, so that the overall brightness of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 can be improved, so that the overall brightness More evenly.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes 1000 liquid crystal cells, of which 550 liquid crystal cells are covered with a liquid crystal conversion layer 201 (that is, the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 includes 550 liquid crystal cells arranged at intervals), and the other 450 liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal layer 200
  • the cell is not provided with a corresponding liquid crystal conversion layer 201.
  • interval setting in this embodiment is to uniformly arrange the liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 so that the liquid crystal cells (such as A1, A3, etc.) corresponding to the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 in the liquid crystal layer 200 are not corresponding to each other.
  • the ratio between the liquid crystal cells (such as A2, A4, etc.) of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 is basically 1:1, or slightly greater than 1:1.
  • the liquid crystal cells 2011 of the liquid crystal conversion layer 201 are arranged in columns at intervals. Other interval setting methods can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further includes: a barrier layer 202.
  • the barrier layer 202 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal layer 200 away from the light source 104, and is between the barrier layer 202 and the liquid crystal layer 200. The distance between the two is a preset distance; the barrier layer 202 includes a plurality of barrier units arranged at intervals.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes 6 liquid crystal cells and the barrier layer 202 includes 5 barrier cells as an example.
  • the barrier layer 202 can block light, the light emitted by some of the liquid crystal cells (R1, R2, R3) in the liquid crystal layer 200 cannot reach the left eye Therefore, the left eye LE can only see the light emitted by the pixel units L1, L2, L3; similarly, the right eye RE can only see the light emitted by the pixel units R1, R2, R3. Therefore, the barrier layer 202 can divide the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal layer 200 into two parts.
  • the light emitted by a part of the liquid crystal cell can only reach the position of the left eye, such as the liquid crystal cell L1, L2, L3, and the light emitted by the other part of the liquid crystal cell can only Reach the right eye position, such as the liquid crystal cells R1, R2, R3.
  • the liquid crystal cells R1, R2, R3 the liquid crystal cells
  • each blocking unit 2021 in the blocking layer 202 and the position between the blocking units 2021 are designed after precise calculation, so that imaging can be performed at a predetermined position.
  • This method does not require the observer to wear special glasses to view the 3D image, but requires the observer to be in a predetermined position to view a better 3D imaging effect.
  • the barrier unit 2021 of the barrier layer 202 is liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal of the barrier layer 202 can allow light to pass through; when the liquid crystal is not working, the liquid crystal is equivalent to an opaque baffle, and can also achieve the effect of blocking the light by the blocking unit.
  • the liquid crystal of the barrier layer 202 works, and the liquid crystal layer 200 at this time normally displays the 2D image.
  • the liquid crystal of the barrier layer 202 does not work, and different pixels of the liquid crystal layer 200 display images with parallax, so that the observer can view the 3D image at a specific position.
  • the barrier layer 202 may be a complete liquid crystal, that is, a monolithic liquid crystal of the barrier layer 202.
  • the barrier layer 202 is not divided into multiple barrier units in structure, but by controlling the working state of the barrier layer 202 liquid crystal, multiple liquid crystals can be formed.
  • Blocking units are arranged at intervals; that is, it can be determined which part of the blocking layer needs to block light (equivalent to a blocking unit) and which part needs to transmit light. At this time, the function of not blocking light can also be realized.
  • the working state of the liquid crystal in the barrier layer 202 can be controlled in combination with the position of the human eye, so that the barrier layer 202 can follow the position of the human eye to adjust in real time which liquid crystal cells are not working (that is, blocking light), and which liquid crystal cells need light transmission. (That is, there is no blocking unit), so that the observer can watch the 3D image at any position. After the blocking unit of the fixed blocking layer 202 is solved, the observer can only watch the 3D image at a specific position.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further includes: a lenticular lens layer 203, and the lenticular lens layer 203 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal layer 200 away from the light source 104.
  • the lenticular lens layer 203 includes a plurality of vertically arranged lenticular lenses, and each lenticular lens covers at least two different rows of liquid crystal cells 2001 of the liquid crystal layer 200; the lenticular lens is configured to direct the light emitted by one row of liquid crystal cells toward the second In one position, the light emitted by the liquid crystal cell in the other column is directed to the second position.
  • the light emitted by the liquid crystal cells in different rows is refracted to different positions by the cylindrical lens, so that 3D imaging can be realized.
  • Figure 36 is a top view.
  • the liquid crystal layer 200 includes 12 columns of liquid crystals, and each column of liquid crystals includes one or more liquid crystal cells; to simplify the description, this embodiment assumes that each column includes Take 1 liquid crystal cell as an example.
  • the lenticular lens layer 203 includes a plurality of lenticular lenses 2031.
  • the lenticular lens layer 203 includes 6 lenticular lenses, and each lenticular lens covers two rows of liquid crystal cells; as shown in FIG.
  • the uppermost lenticular lens covers the liquid crystal cells R1 and L1.
  • the light emitted by one column of liquid crystal cells can be directed to the first position after passing through the lenticular lens.
  • the light emitted by the liquid crystal cell R1 is directed to the right eye position; at the same time, the other column of liquid crystals
  • the light emitted by the unit passes through the cylindrical lens and then is directed toward the second position.
  • the light emitted by the liquid crystal unit L1 is directed toward the left eye LE position.
  • the light emitted by part of the liquid crystal cell can be directed to a certain position, and the light emitted by another part of the liquid crystal cell can be directed to another position. That is, as shown in Figure 36, the light emitted by the liquid crystal cells R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, etc. can be concentrated to the right eye RE position, and the light emitted by the liquid crystal cells L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, etc. It can converge to the left eye position, so that when different liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal layer 200 display images with parallax, the observer can view the 3D image at a specific position.
  • the light from different positions is condensed to the same position by the direction control element, which can improve the brightness of the light; at the same time, the light is diffused by the dispersion element, thereby forming a light spot with a preset shape, which is convenient Subsequent imaging is performed in the light spot range, thereby increasing the brightness of the light while also expanding the imaging range.
  • dispersion means that the light in the light beam diverges to the outside, and the optical axis of the light beam passing through the dispersion element may be unchanged or changed.
  • the light beam may diffuse two light beams after passing through the dispersing element, and the optical axis of the two light beams is different from the optical axis of the light beam incident on the dispersing element.
  • the dispersion element is used to diffuse the light beam.
  • the area of the cross section of the light beam incident on the dispersion element is smaller than the cross section of the light beam after passing through the dispersion element.
  • the "optical axis" refers to the center line of the light beam, and may refer to the main propagation direction of light.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure respectively provide a head-up display system, a light control device, and a passive light-emitting image source.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the light control device and the passive light-emitting image source in the foregoing embodiment can be applied to the head-up display system in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the light control device in the embodiment described in FIG. 22 or FIG. 23 can replace the parts other than the light source and the reflective imaging device in the head-up display system in any of the above embodiments; or as shown in FIG. 22 or FIG. 23
  • the passive light-emitting image source in the above embodiments can replace parts other than the reflective imaging device in any of the above embodiments.
  • a light control device including: a dispersion element and a direction control element;
  • the direction control element is used to converge light emitted by light sources at different positions
  • the dispersion element is arranged on a side of the direction control element away from the light source, and the dispersion element is used to diffuse the light emitted by the direction control element and form a light spot.
  • the collimating element is used for adjusting the exit direction of the light to within a preset angle range, and emitting the adjusted light to the dispersing element.
  • the collimating element is a collimating lens or a collimating film;
  • the collimating lens includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a Fresnel lens, or a combination of the above lenses One or more of.
  • the distance between the collimating element and the position of the light source is the focal length of the collimating element.
  • the direction control element further includes a light concentrating element; the light concentrating element is arranged between the light source and the dispersion element, and the light concentrating element is used to The light from different light sources converges to the same preset position.
  • the direction control element further includes a reflective element;
  • the reflective element includes a lamp cup;
  • the lamp cup is a hollow shell surrounded by a reflective surface, and
  • the opening direction of the lamp cup faces the dispersion element; the tail end of the lamp cup away from the opening is used for setting a light source.
  • the direction control element further includes: a collimating element; the collimating element is arranged inside the lamp cup, and the size of the collimating element is smaller than The size of the opening of the lamp cup; the collimating element is used for collimating part of the light emitted by the light source in the lamp cup and then emitted to the dispersion element.
  • the direction control element further includes a reflecting element;
  • the reflecting element includes a solid lamp cup;
  • the solid lamp cup is a solid transparent part with a reflective surface, the The refractive index of the solid transparent part is greater than 1;
  • the opening direction of the solid lamp cup faces the dispersing element;
  • the end of the solid lamp cup away from the opening is used for setting a light source; the light emitted by the light source is emitted when it hits the reflective surface Total reflection.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a passive light-emitting image source, including a light source, a liquid crystal layer, and the light control device according to any one of (1) to (10); the light source is arranged with the liquid crystal layer On both sides of the direction control element of the light control device.
  • the passive light-emitting image source according to (11) includes multiple sets of light control devices; different light control devices are used to emit the light emitted by the light source to different directions or regions.
  • the liquid crystal layer includes RGB filters; or the liquid crystal layer is blue phase liquid crystal, and the light source includes a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source The red light source, the green light source and the blue light source work periodically, and the three do not work at the same time.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further includes a liquid crystal conversion layer; the liquid crystal conversion layer is arranged on the side of the direction control element away from the light source; the liquid crystal conversion The layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells arranged at intervals, and one liquid crystal cell in the liquid crystal conversion layer corresponds to one liquid crystal cell in the liquid crystal layer; the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal layer is used to convert light in the first polarization direction into For the light in the second polarization direction, the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal conversion layer is used to convert the light in the second polarization direction into the light in the first polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.
  • the total area of all liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal conversion layer is not less than half of the total area of all liquid crystal cells in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further comprising: a blocking layer, the blocking layer is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer away from the light source, and the blocking layer A predetermined distance is provided between the liquid crystal layers; the barrier layer includes a plurality of barrier units arranged at intervals.
  • the barrier layer is a monolithic liquid crystal, and by controlling the working state of the liquid crystal cell of the monolithic liquid crystal, a plurality of barrier cells arranged at intervals are formed.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further comprising: a lenticular lens layer, the lenticular lens layer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the light source; the lenticular lens The layer includes a plurality of vertically arranged lenticular lenses, and each lenticular lens covers at least two different columns of liquid crystal cells of the liquid crystal layer; the lenticular lens is used to direct the light emitted by one column of liquid crystal cells to the first position , Shoot the light emitted by the other column of liquid crystal cells to the second position.
  • the light control device further includes a light blocking element; the light blocking element is arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer away from the light source, and the light blocking element The element is used to limit the exit angle of the light emitted by the passive light-emitting image source.
  • the passive light-emitting image source further includes a reflecting device; the reflecting device is used to reflect the light spot diffused by the light control device, So that the light spot forms a virtual image outside the reflecting device.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a head-up display system, including the passive light-emitting image source according to any one of (11) to (21).
  • the light control device and passive light-emitting image source provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to the head-up display system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • different features in different embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal layer may also be referred to as a liquid crystal cell, and includes two opposed first substrates, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal material layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the first polarizer and the second polarizer may be respectively disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal material layer and a side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal material layer.

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Abstract

一种抬头显示系统，包括光源（10）、准直元件（20）、方向控制元件（30）、弥散元件（41，42）、液晶面板（50）和半透半反的反射成像装置（60）；方向控制元件（30）、弥散元件（41，42）和液晶面板（50）以层叠的方式设置在光源（10）的同一侧；准直元件（20）被配置为将光源（10）发出的光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内；方向控制元件（30）被配置为将光源（10）发出的光线聚集；弥散元件（41，42）被配置为将光源（10）发出的光线弥散；液晶面板（50）被配置为将光源（10）发出的光线转为成像光线，并将成像光线入射至反射成像装置（60）；反射成像装置（60）被配置为将成像光线反射至预设区域（200）。该抬头显示系统，以聚集、弥散的方式将光源（10）的大部分或全部光线会聚在观察范围内，从而可以提高成像时的亮度，提高光线利用率，降低功耗，并降低发热量。

Description

光线控制装置、被动发光像源以及抬头显示系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2020年04月15日递交的中国专利申请第202010295102.6号的优先权以及于2019年05月17日递交的中国专利申请第201910412218.0号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种光线控制装置、被动发光像源以及抬头显示系统。
背景技术
抬头显示(head up display，HUD)技术是利用光学反射的原理，将车速等车辆信息投射在挡风玻璃或其他玻璃上，可以避免驾驶员在驾驶过程中低头看仪表盘所导致的分心，从而可以提高驾驶安全系数，同时也能带来更好的驾驶体验。
通常的挡风玻璃显像HUD的像源，多数为液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)。若HUD采用传统的LCD像源，HUD在挡风玻璃上显示成像的亮度较低，一般通过提高LCD像源的亮度来保证HUD在挡风玻璃上显示成像的亮度，这样不仅导致像源的功耗较高，且发热量较大，增加对HUD的散热要求。当需要在挡风玻璃上成大尺寸的像时，HUD中像源的功耗会进一步增加。
光源是指能发出一定波长范围的电磁波(例如可见光、紫外线、红外线等)的物体，例如发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode，LED)等。在照明以及显示成像等领域，光源是必不可少的器件。
通常的包含光源的设备(例如照明设备、液晶显示器等)只是简单地利用光源发出的光线，而光源一般是点光源或近似点光源，即光源会向四周发出光线，通常的的光源设备对光源的利用率较低。
例如，某些显示成像设备(例如液晶显示器)利用背光源成像时，背光源发出的光线只有极少一部分用于成像，导致成像亮度较低。虽然可以通过 提高光源功率来解决成像亮度低的问题，但这相应会带来光源功耗高、且发热量大的问题，从而增加了对光源设备的散热要求。
发明内容
本公开的实施例提供一种光线控制装置、一种被动发光像源以及一种抬头显示系统。
本公开的实施例提供一种抬头显示系统，包括：光源、准直元件、光线聚集元件、弥散元件、液晶面板和半透半反的反射成像装置；所述光线聚集元件、所述弥散元件和所述液晶面板以层叠的方式设置在所述光源的同一侧；所述准直元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内；所述光线聚集元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线聚集；所述弥散元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线弥散；所述液晶面板被配置为将所述光源发出的光线转为成像光线，并将所述成像光线入射至所述反射成像装置；所述反射成像装置被配置为将所述成像光线反射至所述预设区域。
在一些示例中，从所述光源发出的光线经过所述准直元件、所述光线聚集元件、所述弥散元件、所述液晶面板和所述反射成像装置到达所述预设区域，所述光线聚集元件被配置为在从所述光源至所述预设区域的光路中去除所述弥散元件的情况下，将所述光源发出的光线聚集到所述预设区域内的预设位置，所述预设位置的面积小于所述预设区域的面积。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件的部分或全部设置在所述光源与所述光线聚集元件之间；所述准直元件被配置为将调整后的光线发射至所述光线聚集元件。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线调整为平行光。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件设置在所述光源与所述光线聚集元件之间，所述准直元件包括准直透镜和准直膜至少之一光线聚集元件；所述准直透镜包括凸透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或透镜组合中的一种或多种。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件包括准直透镜，所述准直透镜与所述光源的位置之间的距离为所述准直透镜的焦距。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件包括空心灯杯；所述空心灯杯包括设有内反光面的中空壳体，且所述空心灯杯的开口方向朝向所述光线聚集元件；所 述光源设置在所述空心灯杯远离所述开口的端部。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件设置在所述空心灯杯的内部，且所述准直元件的尺寸小于所述空心灯杯的开口的尺寸；所述准直元件被配置为将所述空心灯杯内的所述光源发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至所述光线聚集元件，所述准直元件包括准直透镜和准直膜至少之一。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件包括实心灯杯；所述实心灯杯为实心透明部件，所述实心透明部件的折射率大于1；所述实心灯杯的开口方向朝向所述光线聚集元件；所述光源设置在所述实心灯杯远离开口的端部，且所述光源发出的光线射向所述实心透明部件的内表面时发生全反射。
在一些示例中，所述实心灯杯在远离实心灯杯开口的端部设有空腔，所述空腔靠近所述实心灯杯开口的一面为凸面；或所述实心灯杯在靠近实心灯杯开口的端部的中间位置设有开槽，所述开槽的底面为凸面。
在一些示例中，所述光线聚集元件设置在所述准直元件与所述弥散元件之间；所述光线聚集元件被配置为将聚集的光线发射至所述弥散元件。
在一些示例中，所述光线聚集元件包括凸透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或透镜组合中的一项或多项。
在一些示例中，所述光线聚集元件与镜像位置之间的距离为所述光线聚集元件的焦距；所述镜像位置为所述预设位置经所述反射成像装置所形成的虚像的所在位置。
在一些示例中，所述弥散元件包括第一弥散元件，所述第一弥散元件设置在所述光源与所述液晶面板之间；所述第一弥散元件被配置为将所述光线聚集元件聚集的光线弥散。
在一些示例中，所述弥散元件还包括第二弥散元件，所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件层叠设置，且所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件之间间隔预设距离。
在一些示例中，所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件分别设置在所述光线聚集元件的两侧；或者，所述第一弥散元件和所述第二弥散元件均设置在所述光线聚集元件靠近所述液晶面板的一侧。
在一些示例中，所述预设距离的范围为40～50mm。
在一些示例中，所述弥散元件包括衍射光学元件或散射光学元件。
在一些示例中，所述衍射光学元件将经过其的光线弥散形成一个或多个具有预设截面形状的观察范围，所述预设截面形状包括圆形、椭圆形、正方形或长方形。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统还包括偏振控制元件，所述液晶面板包括第一偏振片、液晶层和第二偏振片；所述第一偏振片和所述第二偏振片分别设置在所述液晶层的两侧，且所述第一偏振片设置在所述液晶层与所述光源之间；所述第一偏振片被配置为透过第一线偏振光线，所述第二偏振片被配置为透过与所述第一线偏振光线的偏振方向垂直的第二线偏振光线；所述偏振控制元件设置在所述光源与所述第一偏振片之间，所述偏振控制元件被配置为透过所述第一线偏振光线，并反射或吸收所述第二线偏振光线。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统，还包括：光线阻隔层，所述光线阻隔层设置在所述液晶面板远离所述光源的一侧，所述光线阻隔层被配置为限制所述液晶面板的出射光线的出射角度。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统还包括：阻挡层，所述阻挡层设置在所述液晶面板远离所述光源的一侧，且所述阻挡层与所述液晶面板之间设有预设距离；所述阻挡单元为液晶；或者所述阻挡层是整体式液晶，通过控制所述整体式液晶的液晶单元的工作状态，形成多个间隔设置的阻挡单元。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统，还包括光线散射层，所述光线散射层设置在所述光线阻隔层远离所述液晶面板的一侧，所述光线散射层被配置为散射外部环境光线。
在一些示例中，所述光源提供为多个，多个光源位于不同位置，所述光线聚集元件被配置为将不同位置的光源发出的光线进行会聚。
在一些示例中，所述准直元件的数量为多个，且不同的准直元件设置在不同的位置，被配置为调整不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向，且使不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向均指向同一个预设位置。
在一些示例中，所述光源为由一个或多个电致发光模块组成的电致发光阵列，每个所述电致发光模块包括一个或多个电致发光器件；且每个电致发光模块对应设有至少一个空心灯杯。
在一些示例中，所述光源包括多组光源，所述不同的光源组发出的光发射至不同的方向或区域。
在一些示例中，所述液晶面板包括红绿蓝三色滤光片；或者所述液晶面 板包括液晶层，所述液晶层为蓝相液晶，且所述光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源；所述红色光源、所述绿色光源和所述蓝色光源周期性工作，且三者不同时工作。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统还包括液晶转换层，所述液晶面板包括液晶层，所述液晶转换层设置在所述光线聚集元件远离所述光源的一侧；所述液晶转换层包括多个间隔设置的液晶单元，且所述液晶转换层中的一个液晶单元对应所述液晶层中的一个液晶单元；所述液晶层的液晶单元被配置为将第一偏振方向的光线转换为第二偏振方向的光线，所述液晶转换层的液晶单元被配置为将第二偏振方向的光线转换为第一偏振方向的光线，所述第一偏振方向与所述第二偏振方向垂直。
在一些示例中，所述液晶转换层中所有液晶单元的总面积不小于所述液晶层中所有液晶单元的总面积的一半。
在一些示例中，抬头显示系统还包括：柱状透镜层，所述柱状透镜层设置在所述液晶层远离所述光源的一侧；所述柱状透镜层包括多个竖直设置的柱状透镜，且每个柱状透镜至少覆盖所述液晶层的两个不同列的液晶单元；所述柱状透镜被配置为将一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第一位置、将另一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第二位置。
本公开的实施例还提供一种光线控制装置，包括：弥散元件和方向控制元件；所述方向控制元件被配置为将位于不同位置的多个光源发出的光线进行会聚；所述弥散元件设置在所述方向控制元件远离所述多个光源的一侧，所述弥散元件被配置为将所述方向控制元件的出射光弥散开、并形成光斑。
在一些示例中，从所述多个光源发出的光线经过所述方向控制元件、所述弥散元件到达第一预设区域，所述光线聚集元件被配置为在从所述光源至所述第一预设区域的光路中去除所述弥散元件的情况下，将所述多个光源发出的光线聚集到所述第一预设区域内的第二预设区域，所述第二预设区域的面积小于所述第一预设区域的面积。
本公开的实施例还提供一种被动发光像源，包括光源、液晶面板和上述任一光线控制装置；所述光源与所述液晶面板分别设置在所述光线控制装置的方向控制元件的两侧。
本公开的实施例还提供一种抬头显示系统，包括上述任一被动发光像源。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开的实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统的第一结构示意图；
图2示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统的成像原理示意图；
图3a出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，一种弥散元件的原理示意图；
图3b出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，另一种弥散元件的原理示意图；
图4示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，反射成像装置的成像示意图；
图5示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统的第二结构示意图；
图6示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统的第三结构示意图；
图7a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第一排列示意图；
图7b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第二排列示意图；
图8a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第三排列示意图；
图8b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第四排列示意图；
图9示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第五排列示意图；
图10a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第六排列示意图；
图10b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的准直元件的第七排列示意图；
图11示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第一结构示意图；
图12示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第二结构示意图；
图13示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第三结构示意图；
图14示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，灯杯的一种结构 示意图；
图15a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，四棱台状准直元件的光线传播示意图；
图15b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，四棱台状准直元件内光源的一种排列示意图；
图15c示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，四棱台状准直元件内光源的另一种排列示意图；
图15d示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，四棱台状准直元件内光源的再一种排列示意图；
图16示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，屋脊状灯杯的结构示意图；
图17示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，实心灯杯的第一结构示意图；
图18示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，实心灯杯的第二结构示意图；
图19示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第四结构示意图；
图20示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第五结构示意图；
图21示出了本公开一实施例所提供的抬头显示系统中，像源的第六结构示意图；
图22示出了本公开一实施例所提供的光线控制装置的第一结构示意图；
图23示出了本公开一实施例所提供的光线控制装置的第二结构示意图；
图24示出了本公开一实施例所提供的光线控制装置在挡风玻璃上成像时的示意图；
图25示出了本公开一实施例所提供的被动发光像源的第一结构示意图；
图26示出了本公开一实施例所提供的被动发光像源的第二结构示意图；
图27a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的电致发光阵列的第一排布示意图；
图27b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的电致发光阵列的第二排布示意图；
图27c示出了本公开一实施例所提供的电致发光阵列的第三排布示意图；
图27d示出了本公开一实施例所提供的电致发光阵列的第四排布示意图；
图28示出了本公开一实施例所提供的被动发光像源的第三结构示意图；
图29示出了本公开一实施例所提供的观察者观看被动发光像源成像的第一示意图；
图30示出了本公开一实施例所提供的观察者观看被动发光像源成像的第二示意图；
图31示出了本公开一实施例所提供的被动发光像源的第四结构示意图；
图32a示出了本公开一实施例所提供的观察者观看被动发光像源成像的第一示意图；
图32b示出了本公开一实施例所提供的观察者观看被动发光像源成像的第二示意图；
图33示出了本公开一实施例所提供的3D被动发光像源的第一结构示意图；
图34示出了本公开一实施例所提供的3D被动发光像源的第二结构示意图；
图35示出了本公开一实施例所提供的3D被动发光像源的第三结构示意图；以及
图36示出了本公开一实施例所提供的3D被动发光像源的第四结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开的实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开的实施例中的具体含义。
本公开一实施例提供一种抬头显示系统，通过对光线进行聚集和弥散来控制光线的出射角度，从而提高抬头显示系统的成像亮度。参见图1所示，该抬头显示系统包括：光源10、准直元件20、方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41、液晶面板50和半透半反的反射成像装置60。如图1所示，该方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41和液晶面板50以层叠的方式设置在光源10的同一侧。
在本公开一实施例中，光源10可以发出光线，准直元件20被配置为将光源10发出的光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内，实现对光源10发出光线的准直。方向控制元件30被配置为将光源10发出的光线聚集；第一弥散元件41被配置为将光源10发出的光线弥散。液晶面板50被配置为将光源10发出的光线转为成像光线，并将成像光线入射至反射成像装置60；反射成像装置60被配置为将成像光线反射至预设区域200，使得观察者(如驾驶员、乘客等)的双眼位于该预设区域200处时可以观看到液晶面板50所成的像。即，从光源发出的光线经过准直元件、光线聚集元件、第一弥散元件、液晶面板和反射成像装置到达预设区域。本实施例中，该成像光线为液晶面板50发出的光线，成像光线本质上来自于光源10发出的光线，液晶面板50每个像素点可以控制是否透过光源10发出的光线，使得观察者看到透过液晶面板50的光线(即成像光线)时可以观看到液晶面板50所成的像，液晶面板50所成的像即为能被观察者观看到的HUD图像。
本公开一实施例中，由于光源10一般为点光源，即光源10发出的光线射向各个角度，本实施例通过准直元件20可以将光源10发出的光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内，从而对光线的传播方向进行准直。
在从光源至预设区域的光路中在去除第一弥散元件41的情况下，方向控制元件30可以将光源10直接或间接发出的光线聚集至预设位置100。预设位置100位于预设区域内，预设位置的面积小于预设区域的面积。例如，该光源10直接发出的光线指的是：光源10发出的直接入射至该方向控制元件30的光线，而光源10间接发出的光线指的是：光源发出的经过其他部件(如准直元件20、第一弥散元件41等)后入射至该方向控制元件30的光线。本实施例中，通过设置方向控制元件30，可以将光线集中聚集到预设位置100；被聚集的光线作为液晶面板50的背光使得该光线可以用于成像，进而使得眼睛在光线聚集的预设位置100处的观察者能够观察到完整的图像，且由于光线聚集，成像亮度更高，观察者可以观看到亮度更高的像。可选的，准直元件20被配置为将光源10发出的光线调整为平行光或近乎平行光，以方便方向控制元件30对准直后的平行光的出射方向进行统一调整。可选的，方向控制元件30包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或以上几种透镜组合中的一项或多项。即方向控制元件30具体可以为菲涅尔透镜，也可以为凸透镜，还可以为透镜组合(比如凸透镜与凹透镜的组合，菲涅尔透镜与凸透镜的组合等)。
同时，为了扩大成像范围，以增加观察者观察图像的区域，本公开一实施例中基于第一弥散元件41将光源10发出的光线弥散开，从而可以将光线弥散至预设的观察范围(预定区域)200。例如，第一弥散元件41可以将光源10直接或间接发出的光线弥散，此时，该光源10直接发出的光线指的是：光源10发出的直接入射至该第一弥散元件41的光线，而光源10间接发出的光线指的是：光源发出的经过其他部件(如准直元件20、方向控制元件30等)后入射至该第一弥散元件41的光线。
本实施例中，基于方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41对光源10发出的光线进行聚集和弥散，且聚集和弥散后的光线作为液晶面板50的背光，使得液晶面板50可以正常成像，且成像时的成像光线经反射成像装置60反射后到达预设位置100，使得眼睛位于预设位置100处的观察者可以观看到液晶面板50所成的像，此时观察者观看到的像是反射成像装置60以反射成像的 方式所成的虚像300；同时，在第一弥散元件41的作用下，能够将成像光线弥散至观察范围200，使得观察者双眼处于观察范围200内的任意位置均可以观看到液晶面板50所成的像。例如，该预设位置100为观察范围200内的一个位置。例如，观察者可为驾驶员或乘客，此时可以根据实际需求预设观察者需要观看成像的区域，即眼盒区域(eyebox)，该眼盒区域是指观察者双眼所在的、可以看到HUD图像的区域。此时，只需要上述的观察范围200可以覆盖该眼盒区域即可，同时可以将眼盒区域的中心设为该预设位置100。本实施例中，眼盒区域具有一定的尺寸，即使观察者双眼相对于眼盒区域的中心偏离一定距离，如上下、左右移动一定距离，只要观察者双眼仍处于眼盒区域内，观察者仍然可以看到HUD的图像。
例如，该抬头显示系统的工作原理可参见图2所示，为方便说明，图2中以反射成像装置60是平面为例说明。如图2所示，准直元件20对光源10发出的光线进行准直，图2中以准直后的光线为平行光为例说明，该平行光经过方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41后即可调整为成像所需的光线。以图2中最左侧的一路光线A'为例说明，光线A'经过方向控制元件30后被调整为朝向预设位置100的光线A，而由于反射成像装置60的存在，该光线A实际朝向预设位置100的镜像位置101；若不存在第一弥散元件41，该光线A可以沿着光路a、经反射成像装置60反射后射向预设位置100；当存在第一弥散元件41时，第一弥散元件41将该光线A弥散成多个出射角度的光线(如图2中的光线A1、光线A2等)，弥散后的光线可以经反射成像装置60反射后可以分散至一个范围内，即观察范围200，使得观察者的眼睛在观察范围200内时，观察者均可以观看到液晶面板50的成像。同样的，弥散后的光线A1、光线A2等直接朝向观察范围200的镜像范围201。此外，在实际应用中，反射成像装置60可以具有一定的弧度，其成像原理与图2所示的类似，此处不做赘述。本领域技术人员应当理解，曲面的反射成像装置60如挡风玻璃，在不同的位置观察，虚像300的位置是不固定的，因此当反射成像装置60为带有弧度的挡风玻璃或成像窗时，本实施例中的虚像300是指从预设位置100处观察时所能看到的虚像300，即虚像300的位置为观察者从预设位置100处观察时的虚像位置。
例如，第一弥散元件41可以是成本较低的散射光学元件，如匀光片、扩 散片等。或者，第一弥散元件41也可以为对扩散效果控制较好的衍射光学元件(Diffractive Optical Elements,DOE)，例如光束整形片(Beam Shaper)等。例如，光线透过匀光片等散射光学元件时会发生散射，光线会透射至许多不同的角度，还会发生少量的衍射，但光线的散射起主要作用，形成的光斑较大。而衍射光学元件通过在表面设计特定的微结构，主要通过衍射起到光扩束作用，光斑较小，且光斑的大小和形状可控。
本实施例中，光线经过第一弥散元件41后转变成的光束，在垂直于主光轴传播方向的截面具有特定的形状，即第一弥散元件41可以将经过其的光线衍射形成特定形状的观察范围200，衍射形成的观察范围200的大小和形状主要由第一弥散元件41的微观结构所决定。可选的，观察范围200的形状包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、正方形或长方形，如图3a所示，光线经过具体为衍射光学元件的第一弥散元件41之后，光线弥散并形成特定的截面形状，该截面形状即对应观察范围200的形状，图3a以该观察范围200为矩形为例说明，上述的图2中也以观察范围200为矩形为例说明。
进一步的，第一弥散元件41还可以为分离式的弥散元件，即第一弥散元件41可将经过其的光线分散至多个范围，每个范围的形状包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、正方形或长方形。如图3b所示，光线经过分离式的第一弥散元件41之后，可以弥散至多个区域，每个区域对应一个观察范围200；图3b中以光线弥散至两个矩形区域为例说明。图3b示出了入射到第一弥散元件41的光线L1以及被第一弥散元件41扩散后的光线L2。
此外可选的，为了更好地实现聚集效果，预设位置100与该方向控制元件30的焦点相对应。本实施例中，方向控制元件30与镜像位置101之间的距离为方向控制元件30的焦距。例如，该镜像位置101为预设位置100经反射成像装置60所形成的虚像的所在位置，具体可参见图4所示。
本公开一实施例中，除反射成像装置60外，光源10、准直元件20、方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41、液晶面板50等可以组成该抬头显示系统的像源1，即该像源1包括光源10、准直元件20、方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41和液晶面板50等。如图4所示，像源1发出的成像光线(也是液晶面板50发出的成像光线)经反射成像装置60反射后到达预设位置100，使得眼睛位于预设位置100处的观察者可以观看到反射成像装置60所成的虚 像300；同时，对于预设位置100处的物体，也可以在反射成像装置60的另一侧形成该物体的虚像，该物体的虚像所在的位置即为镜像位置101。同时，由于反射成像装置60不一定是平面，本实施例中的“方向控制元件30与镜像位置101之间的距离”具体指的是光线从方向控制元件30入射至镜像位置101时的光程。
例如，该抬头显示系统安装在车辆等交通工具上，本实施例中的反射成像装置60可以是车辆的挡风玻璃，或者是贴在挡风玻璃上的膜，且该反射成像装置60具有半透半反的特性，使得液晶面板50发出的成像光线能够被反射成像装置60反射至预设位置100，同时，车辆外部的光线也可以透过该反射成像装置60并到达预设位置100，使得位于预设位置100处的观察者也可以正常观看车辆外部的景象。例如，本实施例中的“半透半反”指的是该反射成像装置60可以透过光线、也可以反射光线，并不只限定为透过50％的光线、反射50％的光线。
可选的，该抬头显示系统安装在车辆等交通工具上时，可以采用分离式的第一弥散元件41，即第一弥散元件41将光源10发出的光线分散至多个观察范围200。例如，第一弥散元件41将光源10发出的光线分散至两个观察范围200，两个观察范围200分别对应驾驶员和副驾驶的乘客，使得驾驶员和副驾驶的乘客均可以观看到液晶面板50所成的像，且能最大程度减小光线损失，提高光线利用率。
本公开一实施例提供的一种抬头显示系统，方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41分别对光线进行聚集和弥散，从而能够有效地将光源10发出的光线限制在观察范围200内，观察者在该观察范围200内即可正常观看到液晶面板50经反射成像装置60反射所成的像；且通过聚集、弥散的方式，能够将光源10的大部分或全部光线会聚在观察范围200内，从而可以提高成像时的亮度，提高光线利用率，使得光源10在较低功率的情况下也能保证成像亮度，从而可以降低该抬头显示系统的功耗，并降低发热量。即使因需要大尺寸成像导致需要设置大面积的液晶面板50，此时所增加的功耗也较小，即该抬头显示系统也适用于大面积成像。同时，基于准直元件20对光源10发出的光线进行准直，方便方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41更有效地对光线进行聚集和弥散，方便对光线进行控制。
在上述实施例的基础上，方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41、液晶面板50能够以多种层叠的方式进行设置。如图1所示，沿光源10光线的出射方向依次层叠设置方向控制元件30、第一弥散元件41、液晶面板50，即对光源10的光线先聚集、再弥散，之后作为背光进行成像。或者，如图5所示，沿光源10光线的出射方向依次层叠设置第一弥散元件41、方向控制元件30、液晶面板50，即对光源10的光线先弥散、再聚集，之后作为背光进行成像。或者，如图6所示，沿光源10光线的出射方向依次层叠设置方向控制元件30、液晶面板50、第一弥散元件41，即对光源10的光线先聚集、之后直接作为背光进行成像、最后对成像光线弥散。可以采用其他层叠设置的方式，此处不做详述。
例如，为了更方便控制光线，一般可以采用先聚集、后弥散的方式，即光源10和第一弥散元件41分别设置在方向控制元件30的两侧，第一弥散元件41被配置为将方向控制元件30聚集的光线弥散，具体结构可参见图1或图6所示。此外，为了降低对液晶面板50成像时的影响，该第一弥散元件41设置在光源10与液晶面板50之间，如图1所示。同时，可以最先由准直元件20对光线进行准直，之后再进行聚集、弥散，即方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41也设置在准直元件20的同一侧。本实施例中，方向控制元件30设置在准直元件20与第一弥散元件41之间；方向控制元件30被配置为将准直后的光线进行聚集，并将聚集的光线发射至第一弥散元件41。
在上述实施例的基础上，该抬头显示系统可以设有多个准直元件20，每个准直元件20内设有一个或多个光源10。例如，多个光源10可按照矩阵式排列为光源点阵，如4个光源10可排列为2×2的点阵；或者，多个光源10也可以排列为线状阵列，如4个光源10可排列为1×4的阵列。准直元件20能够将其内的光源10发出的光线进行准直；同时，多个准直元件20可以采用紧密堆积的方式排列，以避免部分区域不能形成背光。例如，如图7a和图7b所示，准直元件20的外形为圆形，且多个准直元件20紧密堆积排列。例如，本实施例中的“准直元件的外形”指的是准直元件20截面的外轮廓形状；图1为该抬头显示系统的一种侧视图，图7a和图7b为沿着俯视方向观察准直元件20排列方式的示意图。
由于光源10一般为点光源，故采用圆形的准直元件20可以最高效地利 用光源10所发出的光线，提高光线利用率。但是，在紧密排列圆形的准直元件20时，两个准直元件20之间一定存在缝隙，从而降低了空间利用率。为了均衡光线利用率和空间利用率，准直元件20可以采用完全紧密堆积的方式排列，本实施例中的“完全紧密堆积”指的是紧密堆积后，准直元件20之间可以不存在空隙。当准直元件20的外形为四边形(如菱形、矩形等)或六边形(优选为正六边形)时，可以实现完全紧密堆积排列。参见图8a和图8b所示，准直元件20的外形为矩形，且多个准直元件20完全紧密堆积排列；图8a和图8b示出了矩形准直元件20的两种完全紧密堆积方式。或者，参见图9所示，准直元件20的外形为正六边形，且多个准直元件20完全紧密堆积排列。
例如，正六边形排列方式虽然提高了空间利用率，但是也稍微降低了光线利用率。可选的，准直元件20的外形为八边形(例如为正八边形)，且多个准直元件20紧密堆积排列。进一步的，由于八边形不能实现完全紧密堆积，在空隙之间可以再利用小的光源填充。例如，如图10a和图10b所示，多个准直元件20之间的空隙中额外设置大小与空隙相匹配的子准直元件。例如，子准直元件可以为任意形状，图中以子准直元件也为八边形为例说明。由于八边形比六边形更接近圆形，故光线利用率更高，相比于圆形排列的阵列也具有较高的空间利用率。
如图10a和图10b所示，大的八边形表示准直元件20a，小的八边形表示子准直元件20b。如图10a和图10b所示，为了更好的利用空间，一个子准直元件20b设置在四个准直元件20a形成的空隙内，四个准直元件20a中每相邻的两个准直元件20a接触，且位于空隙内的子准直元件20b与该四个准直元件20a接触。例如，为每个子准直元件20b配置光源，为每个准直元件20a配置光源。大的八边形表示的准直元件20a可称作第一准直元件，小的八边形表示的子准直元件20b可称作第二准直元件。
在上述实施例的基础上，准直元件20虽然可以将光源10发出的光线进行准直，但在实际情况中并不能实现完美准直，从而导致准直元件20边缘部位的亮度相对较弱。例如，当多个准直元件20采用紧密堆积方式排列时，准直元件20之间的缝隙处容易形成光线较暗的区域，本实施例中通过间隔设置多个弥散元件来均匀光线亮度。如图11所示，该抬头显示系统还包括第二弥 散元件42；第一弥散元件41与第二弥散元件42层叠设置，且第一弥散元件41与第二弥散元件42之间间隔预设距离。
本公开一实施例中，第一弥散元件41和第二弥散元件42均可以对光源10发出的光线进行弥散，同时，第一弥散元件41和第二弥散元件42能够均匀被准直元件20准直后的光线，使得液晶面板50的成像亮度比较均匀。例如，第一弥散元件41和第二弥散元件42本质上均为一种弥散元件，该弥散元件具体可以是衍射光学元件(Diffractive Optical Elements,DOE)，例如光束整形片(Beam Shaper)等；衍射形成的观察范围200的大小和形状由光束整形片的微观结构所决定。或者，弥散元件可以是散射光学元件，如匀光片、扩散片等。衍射元件的具体结构可参见上述第一弥散元件41的相关描述，此处不做赘述。
本实施例中，该抬头显示系统通过多个间隔设置的弥散元件(包括第一弥散元件41、第二弥散元件42)，在对光线起到弥散作用的同时，还可以均匀光线亮度，保证液晶面板50的成像亮度均匀。
同时，为了使多个弥散元件均可以起到相应作用，相邻的弥散元件之间间隔有预设距离，该预设距离具体可以为40～50mm。此外，本实施例中的多个弥散元件可以均设置在方向控制元件30的同一侧，如图11所示，第一弥散元件41和第二弥散元件42均设置在方向控制元件30靠近液晶面板50的一侧。或者，在方向控制元件30的厚度不大于该预设距离时，也可以将弥散元件分散设置在方向控制元件30的两侧，以降低像源1的整体厚度。如图12所示，第一弥散元件41与第二弥散元件42分别设置在方向控制元件30的两侧。
在上述实施例的基础上，为了提高方向控制元件30和第一弥散元件41对光线的聚集和弥散效果，本实施例中首先对光源10发出的光线进行准直，即光源10和准直元件20设置在方向控制元件30(或第一弥散元件41)的同一侧；同时，准直元件20的部分或全部设置在光源10与方向控制元件30之间；准直元件20被配置为将调整后的光线发射至方向控制元件30。
本实施例中，该准直元件20可以包括准直透镜21和/或准直膜，且准直透镜21和/或准直膜设置在光源10与方向控制元件30之间。例如，该准直透镜21包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或以上几种透镜组合(例如凸透 镜与凹透镜的组合，菲涅尔透镜与凹透镜的组合等)中的一种或多种。该准直膜可以是增亮膜(Brightness Enhancement Film，BEF)，用于将光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内，例如将光线聚集在准直膜法线的±35°的角度范围内。此外，可以将光源10设置在准直透镜21的焦点处，即准直透镜21与光源10的位置之间的距离为准直透镜21的焦距，使得光源10发出的不同方向的光线经过该准直透镜21后可以平行射出，可参见图13所示。
在本实施例中，若准直元件20只包含准直透镜21和/或准直膜，则该准直元件20可以全部位于光源10与方向控制元件30之间。或者，该准直元件20通过反射的方式调整光源10的光线的出射方向。例如，该准直元件20设有能够反射光源10发出的光线的反光面，通过设置反光面的弧度，可以调整光线的反射角度，从而可以将光源10发出的光线的出射方向约束在预设角度范围内，甚至将光源10的光线调整为平行光。例如，该反光面可采用灯杯结构实现，例如，可以为空心灯杯的内反射面。
如图13所示，该准直元件20包括空心灯杯22。该空心灯杯22为包括具有内反光面的中空壳体，且空心灯杯22的开口方向朝向方向控制元件30；光源10设置在空心灯杯22远离开口的端部，利用该空心灯杯22的内反光面调整光源10的光线的出射方向。例如，空心灯杯22的内反光面可以是抛物面形状、自由曲面形状、正三角锥形状、等腰三角锥形状或立方锥形状等。
同时，为了更全面地对光源10发出的光线进行准直，该准直元件20可以设有反光面，同时还可以设有准直透镜21和/或准直膜。准直透镜21和/或准直膜设置在空心灯杯22的内部，且准直透镜21和/或准直膜的尺寸小于空心灯杯的开口的尺寸；准直透镜21和/或准直膜被配置为将空心灯杯22内的光源10发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至方向控制元件30。如图13所示，准直元件20的准直透镜21将光源10发出的部分光线(即图13中粗线箭头所示的光线)进行准直，该部分光线的出射角度较小；而光源10发出的出射角度较大的光线(即图13中细线箭头所示的光线)通过空心灯杯22的内反光面实现准直，从而结合准直透镜21和空心灯杯22可以更加有效地对光源10发出的光线进行准直。
可选的，也可以将准直透镜21和/或准直膜完全覆盖在空心灯杯22的开口处；此时，空心灯杯22主要起到反射作用，准直透镜21和/或准直膜主要 起到准直作用。准直元件20的一种结构示意图可参见图14所示，光源10所发出的出射角度较大的光线(类似图13中的细线箭头所示的光线)在经过空心灯杯准直后，虽然再次经过准直透镜21后出射方向会发生变化，但是由于光源10的特性(比如光源10为LED灯)，一般光源10发出的光线的大部分能量集中在一个扇形区域，比如图13中粗线箭头所对应的区域，即光源10发出的大部分光线(比如80％左右)通过准直透镜21进行了准直。基于图14所示的准直元件20也可以实现准直功能，且该准直元件20制作过程简单，方便制作。同时，在存在多个准直元件20时，每个准直元件20的准直透镜21可以进行切割，例如切割为正三角形、正六边形或正四边形，使得准直元件20可以实现紧密排列。
可选的，由于准直元件20的数量较多，为了简化制造工艺，本实施例中的准直元件20可以采用四棱台形状的带内反光面的中空壳体，即准直元件20为四棱台状，准直元件20的截面形状或开口形状为四边形，例如，可为平行四边形、矩形、正方形或梯形。该准直元件20具有逐渐变大的开口，且该开口为准直元件20的出光口。如图15a和图15b所示，光源10设置在准直元件20开口的底端(如图15a中准直元件20的左侧)，光源10发出的光线经准直元件20内侧的反光面反射后即可从开口(如图15a中准直元件20的右侧)射出。此外，如上所述，准直元件20内也可以设置多个光源10。如图15c所示，多个光源10可按照矩阵式排列为光源点阵，图15c中按照2×3的点阵排列设有六个光源10；或者，如图15d所示，多个光源10也可以排列为线状阵列，图15d中线状排列有三个光源10。
可选的，参见图16所示，该准直元件20为具有开口的屋脊状灯杯，光源10成排设置在屋脊状灯杯远离开口的端部；通过该屋脊状灯杯可以将一排的光源10发出的光线沿着开口方向均匀出射，从而可以为像源1提供均匀的光线。
例如，在本公开一实施例中，如图17所示，该准直元件20可以包括实心灯杯23；该实心灯杯23为实心透明部件，实心透明部件的折射率大于1；实心灯杯23的开口方向朝向方向控制元件30；光源10设置在实心灯杯23远离开口的端部，且光源10发出的光线射向实心透明部件的内表面时发生全反射。
本实施例中，实心灯杯23是实心透明部件，实心灯杯23的开口方向指的是实心灯杯23的反光面231的开口方向。参见图17所示，实心灯杯23的反光面231为实心透明部件的内表面，实心透明部件的在远离开口的端部设有空腔232，被配置为放置光源10，即光源10设置在远离实心灯杯开口的灯杯底部；光源10发出的光线射向实心灯杯23的反光面231后，由于实心灯杯23的折射率大于1，而实心灯杯23的外围介质为空气(折射率为1)，光源10发出的光线在到达实心灯杯23的反光面231时，光线从光密介质(即实心灯杯23)射向光疏介质(即实心灯杯23外围的空气)，只要使得光源10发出的光线射向反光面231时的入射角达到预设角度，则可发生全反射；通过设置实心灯杯反光面231的面形即可将光源10斜向射出的光线进行准直。例如，实心灯杯的反光面231为自由曲面(即不能通过数学方式以一个简单的曲面函数来表示)，或者是复合抛物面(即由多段抛物面组成该反光面)，均可以较好地准直光源10发出的光线，但不限于此。
例如，可以将准直透镜21集成在实心灯杯23上，进一步提高准直效果。参见图17所示，实心透明部件在远离实心灯杯开口的端部设有空腔232，该空腔232靠近实心灯杯开口的一面为凸面233。或者，如图18所示，实心透明部件在靠近实心灯杯开口的端部的中间位置设有开槽234，所述开槽234的底面为凸面235。图17或图18所示的实心灯杯23可以直接作为准直元件20。
本实施例中，空腔232的凸面233或开槽234的凸面235均被配置为对光源10发出的光线进行准直，即凸面233或凸面235相当于准直透镜21。凸面233或凸面235均设置在实心透明部件的中间位置，且凸面233或凸面235的尺寸小于实心灯杯23的开口大小；凸面233或凸面235被配置为将实心灯杯23内的光源10发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至方向控制元件30。如图17所示，将凸面233设置在实心灯杯尾端的空腔内，该凸面233即可形成一个凸透镜，对射向该凸面233的光线进行准直。或者，参见图18所示，实心透明部件的中间位置设有开槽234，且开槽234的底面为凸面235，实心灯杯的凸面235被配置为将实心灯杯反光面231不能反射的光线进行准直，其他出射角度较大的光线在实心灯杯23内发生全反射后再准直射出实心灯杯23。实心灯杯23的材质为折射率大于1的透明材质，比如高分子透明材 质、玻璃等。
可选的，也可以将准直透镜21和/或准直膜完全覆盖在实心灯杯23的开口处；此时，实心灯杯23主要起到反射作用，准直透镜21和/或准直膜主要起到准直作用。此时准直元件20的结构可参见图14所示，其工作原理也与上述描述相关内容相同，此处不做赘述。
在上述实施例的基础上，当第一弥散元件41为分离式的弥散元件，准直元件20为对光线准直效果较好的实心灯杯23时，准直后的光线经第一弥散元件41后，光线扩散并分散至多个范围，即光线直接分散至多个区域，每个区域对应一个观察范围200。本实施例中，分离式的第一弥散元件41除了将光线弥散外，还可以将光线分离至不同的观察范围200，其将光线分离至不同观察范围200的过程与方向控制元件30控制光线方向的作用类似，均可以控制光线的方向，即弥散元件也可起到方向控制的作用，并可将光线出射至不同方向所对应的观察范围200。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图19所示，该抬头显示系统还包括偏振控制元件70；液晶面板50包括第一偏振片51、液晶层52和第二偏振片53。
例如，第一偏振片51和第二偏振片53分别设置在液晶层52的两侧，且第一偏振片51设置在液晶层52与光源10之间；第一偏振片51被配置为透过第一线偏振光线，第二偏振片53被配置为透过与第一线偏振光线的偏振方向垂直的第二线偏振光线；偏振控制元件70设置在光源10与第一偏振片51之间，偏振控制元件70被配置为透过第一线偏振光线，并反射或吸收第二线偏振光线。
在本公开一实施例中，液晶面板50的液晶层52的上下两侧分别设有偏振状态垂直的偏振片，即第一偏振片51和第二偏振片53；第一线偏振光线能够透过第一偏振片51，第二线偏振光线能够透过第二偏振片52，且第一线偏振光线的偏振方向与第二线偏振光线的偏振方向垂直。由于光源10发出的光线一般为非偏振光，也即约50％的光能被液晶层与光源10之间的第一偏振片51所吸收，而偏振片一般会贴附在液晶层52的表面，使得这部分光能会导致第一偏振片51和液晶层52发热，影响液晶面板50的使用寿命。
在本公开一实施例中，在光源10与第一偏振片51之间设置偏振控制元件70，该偏振控制元件70能够透过第一线偏振光线，并反射或吸收第二线 偏振光线，使得到达第一偏振片51的光线只有第一线偏振光线，从而避免第一偏振片51吸收第二线偏振光线，避免液晶面板50吸热，从而可以延长液晶面板50的使用寿命。例如，光源10发出的光线中的第二线偏振光线可以被该偏振控制元件70吸收，只需要使该偏振控制元件70与液晶面板50间隔一段距离即可。此外，若该偏振控制元件70能够反射第二线偏振光线，该被反射的第二线偏振光线可以再经过其他部件(如准直元件20的反光面等)的反射作用再次被反射至偏振控制元件70，且其中的部分光线能够转换为第一线偏振光线，从而使得有更多的光线可以用于液晶面板50成像，进而提高光线利用率。
可选的，该偏振控制元件70为反射式偏振反射膜，具体可为DBEF(双层增亮薄膜，Dual Brightness Enhancement Film)、BEF、具有偏振与入射角度选择透过性的光子晶体等，且在偏振控制元件70能够反射第二线偏振光线时，该偏振控制元件70可以贴附于液晶面板50的外表面。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图20所示，该抬头显示系统还包括：光线阻隔层80；该光线阻隔层80设置在液晶面板50远离光源10的一侧，光线阻隔层80被配置为限制液晶面板50的出射光线的出射角度。
在本公开一实施例中，光线阻隔层80包括多个设有预设高度的光线阻隔栅栏，通过多个凸起的光线阻隔栅栏形成栅栏阵列，来物理阻挡光线在某些方向的传播。通过设计光线阻隔栅栏的高度和宽度，可以限制观察者可看到光线的角度。如图20所示，通过光线阻隔层80，将光线限制在可视角度α内，从而形成了可观察区域；即人眼E1位于可观察区域内，此时可以看到光源10发出的光线，但是人眼E2位于可观察区域之外，使得人眼E2并不能看到光源10发出的光线，使得人眼E2并不能观察到液晶面板50的成像。
在本实施例中，光线阻隔层80可以是一层栅栏阵列，该栅栏阵列可以是水平方向，或是垂直方向，或是任意角度，这样只有与栅栏平行的方向的光才可以透过。光线阻隔层80的可视角度可以是48度、60度、75度，或是其他所需的任意角度。此外，光线阻隔层80可以是两层栅栏阵列正交堆叠，或是两层栅栏成一定角度错开的堆叠。每一层的栅栏阵列可以是水平方向，或是垂直方向，或是任意角度。可视角度可以是48度，60度，75度，或是其他所需的任意角度。例如，该光线阻隔层80可以为防窥光栅。
在本公开一实施例中，在液晶面板50的外表面增设光线阻隔层80，可以限制光线出射的角度，实现某些特殊的目的；例如，将没有该光线阻隔层80的像源1设置在车辆的控制台表面，这样驾驶员可能会同时看到液晶面板50的图像和挡风玻璃反射后的图像，影响驾驶员驾驶车辆。而该光线阻隔层80可以使光线只朝向挡风玻璃的方向出射，从驾驶员的角度无法看到液晶面板50本身的图像，从而可以避免液晶面板50本身的图像影响驾驶。
可选的，参见图21所示，该抬头显示系统还包括光线散射层90；光线散射层90设置在光线阻隔层80远离液晶面板50的一侧，光线散射层90被配置为散射外部环境光线。本公开一实施例中，在光线阻隔层80的外侧设置一层光线散射层90，可以散射外部的环境光线，例如太阳光等，从而可以防止外部太阳光照射在光线阻隔层80表面引起的眩光。例如，光线散射层90和光线阻隔层80可一体成型，如磨砂式防窥光栅。
此外需要说明的是，在上述所有的本实施例中，为了方便描述抬头显示系统的结构，或者方便描述光线的传播情况或方向，在各个元件之间均间隔了一段距离，比如图1中的方向控制元件30与第一弥散元件41之间有一段间隔，但其并不用于限定二者之间必须存在间隔，即方向控制元件30与第一弥散元件41可以贴在一起设置，或者二者之间的间隔很小。其他相邻的两个元件之间的设置方式也是如此，除非特别说明两个元件之间需要间隔一定的距离，例如上述的第一弥散元件41与第二弥散元件42之间需要设有间隔。此外，上述实施例中的附图仅为示意性的结构图，只是示意性示出了各个元件的尺寸大小，其并不代表真实的尺寸比例。
以上本公开的实施例中，对于弥散元件，可只设置第一弥散元件，也可设置第一弥散元件和第二弥散元件。在只设置第一弥散元件的情况下，第一弥散元件可称作弥散元件。在设置第一弥散元件和第二弥散元件的情况下，弥散元件包括第一弥散元件和第二弥散元件。可以理解的是，根据需要，弥散元件可以设置为多于两个。
以上本公开的实施例中，方向控制元件30例如为光线聚集元件。在以下要描述的本公开的实施例中，方向控制元件108可包括准直元件，还可以包括光线聚集元件等其他元件。
本公开一实施例还提供一种光线控制装置，参见图22所示，包括：弥散元件106和方向控制元件108。
方向控制元件108被配置为将不同位置的光源发出的光线进行会聚，即会聚至同一个预设位置1062；弥散元件106设置在方向控制元件108远离光源的一侧，弥散元件106被配置为将方向控制元件108的出射光弥散开、并形成预设形状的光斑1061。光斑1061对应第一预设区域。
例如，通过多个方向控制元件108实现对光线的会聚。例如，参见图22所示，不同位置均设置有光源104，图22中以设置7个光源104为例说明；相应的，设置7个方向控制元件108，控制光源104发出光线的方向。如图22所示，为每个光源104设置一个方向控制元件108。如图22所示，在不设置弥散元件106的情况下，方向控制元件108将多个光源104发出的光线会聚至预设位置1062处。预设位置1062对应第二预设区域。第二预设区域的面积小于第一预设区域的面积。例如，图22中以1062为一个点位置为例说明，本实施例中的预设位置1062也可以为一个很小的区域，即只需要将光源104发出的光线会聚至该区域内即可。例如，每一个方向控制元件108类似于一个小的光线控制装置，通过设置不同位置的方向控制元件108的朝向来调整光源104发出光线的方向，从而实现光线会聚。
同时，若只是将不同位置的光线会聚至很小范围的预设位置1062处，则将该光线控制装置应用在像源的光源中时，像源只能在很小范围内成像，不方便观察者观看像源所成的像。本实施例中通过弥散元件106将光弥散开，并形成预设形状的、成像范围更大的光斑1061，从而方便观察者在大范围内观看像源成像。例如，以图22中最左侧的方向控制元件108为例说明，如图22所示，在不设置弥散元件106的情况下，最左侧的光源104发出的光线A可以沿着光路a射向预设位置1062；当在方向控制元件108外部设置弥散元件106后，弥散元件106将光线A分散成多个光线(包括光线A1、光线A2等)并分散至一个范围内，即光斑1061，方便观察者在光斑1061的范围内均可以观察像源成像。可选的，弥散元件106可以为衍射光学元件(Diffractive Optical Elements,DOE)，例如光束整形片(Beam Shaper)；光斑的大小和形状由光束整形片的微观结构所决定，光斑形状包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、蝙蝠翼形状。例如，弥散后的光斑在侧视方向的弥散角为10度，进一步例如为5度，但不限于此；在正视方向的弥散角为50度，进一步例如为30度，但不限于此。例如，侧视方向为左右方向或水平方向上， 例如，正视方向为上下方向或竖直方向。
例如，方向控制元件108的数量为多个，不同的方向控制元件108设置在不同的位置，用于调整不同位置的光源所发出光线的出射方向，且不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向均指向同一个预设位置。如图22所示，图22中的方向控制元件108的数量为7个。例如，一个方向控制元件108可以调整一个光源104发出的光线，也可以调整多个光源104发出的光线，本实施例对此不做限定。即，一个方向控制元件108内可以设置一个或多个光源104。
本领域技术人员可以理解，图22中对弥散元件106的弥散作用只是示意性说明，弥散元件106可以将光线弥散至光斑1061范围内，并不是将光源104发出的光线完全限制在光斑1061内。即光线A经弥散元件106后可能可以形成更大范围的光斑，其他光源104发出的光线经弥散元件106可形成其他光斑，但是所有光源104发出的光线均可以到达光斑1061。
本公开的实施例提供的光线控制装置，通过方向控制元件将不同位置的光线会聚至同一个位置，可以提高光线亮度；同时，通过弥散元件将光线弥散开，从而可以形成预设形状的光斑，方便后续在光斑范围内成像，从而在提高光线亮度的同时，还可以扩大成像范围。此外，由于光源不需要大功率即可提供足够亮度的光线，从而可以降低对光源的设备的散热要求。
在上述实施例的基础上，如图23所示，方向控制元件108包括准直元件107，准直元件107可以将光源104发出的光线进行准直，即将光源射向不同方向的光线进行准直，使得方向控制元件108射出的光线方向一致或基本一致。
例如，准直元件107为准直透镜，该准直透镜包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或以上几种透镜组合中的一种或多种，该透镜组合可以是凸透镜与凹透镜的组合，菲涅尔透镜与凹透镜的组合等；或者，所述准直元件107为准直膜，被配置为将光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内。此时，准直元件107与光源104位置之间的距离为所述准直元件107的焦距，即将光源104设置在准直元件107的焦点处。
可选的，如图22所示，通过调整方向控制元件108的出射方向可以实现对不同位置的光线的会聚。或者，也可以通过光线聚集元件实现对光线的会 聚。参见图23所示，方向控制元件108还包括光线聚集元件105；光线聚集元件105设置在光源104与弥散元件106之间。当方向控制元件108包含准直元件107时，该光线聚集元件105设置在准直元件107与弥散元件106之间；该光线聚集元件105被配置为将不同的光线会聚至同一个预设位置1062。即，即使不特殊设置方向控制元件108的朝向，通过光线聚集元件105也可以将不同的光线会聚至一个预设位置1062。例如，如图23所示，光线聚集元件105可以对应设置多个准直元件107。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图20所示，该光线控制装置还包括光线阻隔层80，具体可参照图20以及上述相关描述，在此不再赘述。
此外，光线阻隔层80需要设置在成像设备的外表面。例如，当液晶显示器采用本实施例提供的光线控制装置作为背光光源时，该光线阻隔层80需要设置在液晶显示器的外表面，此时才可以对液晶显示器的成像进行阻挡，即只有在观察区域内的观察者才可以看到液晶显示器的成像。
可选的，该光线控制装置可以用于抬头显示器(HUD)中，实现对抬头显示器的光线控制；同时，通过光线阻隔层80可以避免驾驶者直接观看到抬头显示器的屏幕。参见图24所示，光线阻隔层80的光线阻隔栅栏的高度方向朝向挡风玻璃701。例如，光线阻隔栅栏的高度方向指的是光线阻隔元件从光源104一侧到光线控制装置外部的方向，也是光线控制装置出射光的方向；图24中以小矩形表示光线阻隔栅栏，该矩形的长度方向即为上述的“光线阻隔栅栏的高度方向”。抬头显示器工作时，其在屏幕表面会形成实像、且通过挡风玻璃701还会形成虚像，由于设置了光线阻隔层80，驾驶员的眼睛E3不能看到抬头显示器屏幕上的实像，只能通过挡风玻璃701观看到抬头显示器所成的虚像；即从用户所在的位置不能直接观看到抬头显示器的屏幕，从而在用户驾驶车辆时，可以避免因抬头显示器屏幕成实像时的亮度影响用户的视野，或者对用户造成眩晕，可以提高驾驶时的安全性。
同时，本实施例中，图22和图23中的每一个方向控制元件108还包括反射元件；反射元件被配置为将光源104发出的光反射至弥散元件106。
例如，反射元件包括灯杯；灯杯为由反光面围成的中空壳体，且灯杯的开口方向朝向弥散元件106；灯杯远离开口的底部用于设置光源104。例如，灯杯的内壁(即反射元件的凹槽内壁)即为灯杯的反光面。
此外，如图23所示，该方向控制元件108还包括：准直元件107；所述准直元件107设置在所述灯杯的内部，且所述准直元件107的尺寸小于所述灯杯的开口的尺寸；所述准直元件107被配置为将所述灯杯内的光源发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至所述弥散元件106。
例如，在另一些实施例中，灯杯是实心灯杯，即灯杯为具有反光面的实心透明部件，所述实心透明部件的折射率大于1；所述实心灯杯的开口方向朝向弥散元件106；所述实心灯杯远离开口的尾端用于设置光源104。实心灯杯的具体结构可参见图17和图18所示，在此不再赘述。
基于同样的公开一构思，本公开的另一实施例还提供一种被动发光像源，参见图25或图26所示，该被动发光像源包括光线控制装置100、光源104和液晶层200。所述光源104与所述液晶层200设置在所述光线控制装置100的方向控制元件108的两侧。
在本实施例中，液晶层200中的液晶材料具体可以为普通液晶，比如扭曲向列型(Twisted Nematic,TN)液晶、高扭曲向列型(High Twisted Nematic,HTN)液晶、超扭曲向列型(Super Twisted Nematic,STN)液晶、格式化超扭曲向列型(Formated Super Twisted Nematic,FSTN)液晶等，液晶层200也可以为蓝相液晶。光源104可以为电致发光器件，比如发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode,LED)、白炽灯、激光、量子点光源等，例如，比如有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,OLED)、迷你发光二极管(Mini LED)、微发光二极管(Micro LED)、冷阴极荧光灯管(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp，CCFL)、电致发光显示器(Electroluminescent Display,ELD)、LED冷光源(Cold LED Light，CLL)、电激发光(Electro Luminescent，EL)、电子发射(Field Emission Display，FED)、卤钨灯、金属卤化物灯等。
本实施例提供的被动发光像源的工作原理与通常的被动发光像源的原理基本类似，例如，光源104发出的光线经过光线控制装置100处理后，为液晶层200提供光线；即光线控制装置100和光源104可以看作一个整体的背光光源，为液晶层200成像提供光线。液晶层200包含液晶，基于液晶层200的特性，液晶层200会对线偏振光进行偏转。
此外，光线控制装置100可以对光源104发出的光线进行准直和弥散。参见图26所示，通过光线控制装置100对光线的准直和弥散作用，可以使得 液晶层200在预设位置1061处形成预设形状的光斑，图26中以矩形光斑为例示出。即观察者在预设位置1061处可观察到液晶层200所成的清晰的图像。同时，图26中以弥散元件106设置在液晶层200的下面(弥散元件106设置在液晶层200的靠近光源104的一侧)为例说明，弥散元件106也可设置在液晶层200远离光源104的一侧，也能实现同样的弥散效果。
抬头显示(head up display，HUD)技术是利用光学反射的原理，将车速等车辆信息投射在挡风玻璃或其他玻璃上，可以避免驾驶员在驾驶过程中低头看仪表盘所导致的分心，从而可以提高驾驶安全系数，同时也能带来更好的驾驶体验。通常的挡风玻璃显像HUD的像源，多数为液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)。若HUD采用通常的LCD像源，HUD在挡风玻璃上显示成像的亮度较低，一般通过提高LCD像源的亮度来保证HUD在挡风玻璃上显示成像的亮度，这样不仅导致像源的功耗较高，且发热量较大，增加对HUD的散热要求。此外，通常的HUD的光源可以基于自由曲面反射镜的光学设计方法来扩大视场角和显示区域，也会出现亮度不足等问题，而要保证画面的亮度就会造成光源产生极高的电功耗。若将本申请提供的被动发光像源应用到HUD中，则可以控制像源出射光线的角度，限制光线在光斑范围内，从而提高了光源射出光线的利用率和透光率，通过小功率的光源即可透出高亮度的光线，方便后续高亮度成像，减小光源的能耗；同时，由于透光率提高，光线控制装置不会吸收大量的光能，发热量较小，对HUD的散热要求较低。
例如，如图25所示，多个光线控制装置100的出光口所在的平面与液晶层200的夹角相同。例如，多个光线控制装置100的出光口所在的平面平行于液晶层200。该种设置方式利于多个光线控制装置100的摆放。如图25所示，多个光线控制装置100依次排列。
例如，如图26所示，多个光线控制装置100依次排列，多个光线控制装置100的出光口所在的平面与液晶层200的夹角不同。如图26所示，多个光线控制装置100的出光口所在的平面与液晶层200的夹角逐渐增大。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图27a所示，光源104为由一个或多个电致发光模块1041组成的电致发光阵列，每个电致发光模块1041包括一个或多个电致发光器件1042。图27a中以一个电致发光模块1041包含6个电致 发光器件1042为例说明。光线控制装置100包括一个或多个反射元件，且每个电致发光模块1041对应设有一个反射元件(反射元件可为空心灯杯的内表面)。即，本实施例中的反射元件可以对应设置1个电致发光器件1042，也可以设置多个电致发光器件1042，可根据实际情况而定。例如，电致发光器件可以为白炽灯、LED、激光、量子点光源等。
本实施例中的图27a为被动发光像源的俯视图，图27a表示的是电致发光阵列的一种表现形式。例如，由于电致发光器件1042在光线控制装置100内，故被动发光像源的背光光源形状由光线控制装置100决定。由于电致发光器件1042一般为点光源，故采用圆形的光线控制装置100(比如光线控制装置100中具有圆形开口的灯杯)可以最高效地利用电致发光器件1042所发出的光线；但是，在排列圆形的光线控制装置100时，两个光线控制装置之间一定存在缝隙，从而降低了空间利用率。为了均衡光线利用率和空间利用率，电致发光阵列具体可以采用正六边形的排列方式，如图27b所示；正六边形排列方式虽然提高了空间利用率，但是降低了光线利用率。可选的，电致发光阵列采用正八边形排列方式，如图27c或图27d所示，缝隙之间可以再利用小的正八边形的光线控制装置100填充，由于正八边形比正六边形更接近圆形，故光线利用率更高，相比于圆形排列的阵列也具有更高的空间利用率。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图28所示，该被动发光像源包括多组光线控制装置100；不同的光线控制装置100被配置为将光源104发出的光发射至不同的方向或区域。如图28所示，图中以包含两组光线控制装置100为例说明，通过光线控制装置100对光源104发出光线的控制，从而可以在不同的位置或区域观看液晶层200不同的成像。在图28中，为了区分两个光线控制装置100，两个光线控制装置100出射光线的方向不同；本领域技术人员可以理解，由于两个光线控制装置100对应液晶层200不同的位置，即使光线控制装置100出射光的方向相同(比如都是垂直于液晶层200)，也可以形成两个眼盒范围。本实施例中的光线控制装置100可以为上述图22至图24任一实施例中的光线控制装置。例如，眼盒范围是指观察者可以观察到光斑所呈现图像的区域。
例如，观察者观看被动发光像源成像的示意图参见图29所示，被动发光 像源为LCD显示装置，其包含两组光线控制装置，分别形成眼盒范围E01和眼盒范围E02，位于眼盒范围E01处的观察者只能看到被动发光像源左侧部分的成像，位于眼盒范围E02处的观察者只能看到被动发光像源右侧部分的成像。通过设置多个光线控制装置100可以实现对多观察者的不同成像，方便不同观察者查看不同的成像内容。图29示出了中轴点P。在中轴点P处观看到两个图像，即形成串扰图像。可同时观看到两个图像的区域为串扰区。
可选的，光线控制装置100具有弥散元件106，通过弥散元件106形成较大的光斑，从而也可以使得不同位置的观察者均可以观察到被动发光像源的成像。为了提高对光源104发出光线的利用率，弥散元件106被配置为形成蝙蝠翼形状的光斑(类似于无穷大符号“∞”形状的光斑)，即通过弥散元件106使得一组光线控制装置可以形成两个主要区域的光斑，即眼盒范围E01和眼盒范围E02，使得眼盒范围E01和眼盒范围E02处的观察者均可以观看被动发光像源的成像，此时的成像示意图参见图30所示。
在上述实施例的基础上，该被动发光像源中的光线控制装置100发出的光线通过反射装置700将光线反射至人眼处，从而在反射装置700外形成高亮的虚像VT，其成像示意图参见图31所示。例如，该反射装置700可以为透明材料，比如普通玻璃、石英玻璃、汽车挡风玻璃和透明树脂板等；也可以为不透明的材料，比如涂覆有反射层的平面/凹面/凸面/自由曲面镜、反射膜以及光滑的金属反射面等。
对于多个观察者的情况，当采用多个光线控制装置100时，其成像示意图参见图32a所示，图32a中两个光线控制装置100形成两个光斑，即两个眼盒范围E01和E02。当采用具有较大光斑(比如较大的矩形光斑，或者蝙蝠翼光斑等)的弥散元件时，其成像示意图参见图32b所示；图32b示出了一组光线控制装置100通过弥散元件形成蝙蝠翼光斑(类似于无穷大符号“∞”形状的光斑)的示意图。例如，图32a和图32b中以LCD成像方式示例说明。图32a示出了中轴点P。
在上述实施例的基础上，液晶层200包括RGB滤光片，通过RGB滤光片使得被动发光像源可以发出RGB三颜色的光，从而形成彩色图像。
例如，在一些实施例中，通过蓝相液晶实现彩色图像。例如，本实施例中的液晶层300为蓝相液晶，且光源104包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光 源；红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源周期性工作，且三者不同时工作。例如，三种颜色的光源(红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源)可以形成RGB背光，且三种光源不同时工作，即在不同的时间最多只有一种颜色的光源发光，即蓝相液晶在某个时间点可以发出一种颜色的光。由于蓝相液晶响应速度快，且光源(比如LED)的切换速度也很快，而由于人眼识别色彩时具有大约0.2秒的延迟，因此，通过快速切换光源以及相应的控制蓝相液晶的工作状态，可以使人眼接收到红色、绿色、蓝色，经过人眼整合后即可合成多种颜色(比如黄色、品红、白色等)，从而使人感觉看到了彩色的图像。在同一时间，蓝相液晶的光源中只有三分之一的光源工作，且不需要滤色片，可以降低光源的功耗；同时，蓝相液晶的一个像素点即可形成彩色像素(传统液晶需要三个像素点)，从而可以增加像素密度，可以提高成像的清晰度和分辨率。
在上述实施例的基础上，该被动发光像源可以作为3D像源，供观察者观看3D图像或视频。例如，参见图33所示，该被动发光像源还包括液晶转换层201；液晶转换层201设置在液晶层200远离光源104的一侧。该液晶转换层201可以设置在液晶层200的外侧，也可以设置在液晶层200的内侧，本实施例对此不做限定，图33中以液晶转换层201设置在液晶层200的外侧为例说明。
例如，液晶转换层201包括多个间隔设置的液晶单元2011，且液晶转换层201中的一个液晶单元2011对应液晶层200中的一个液晶单元2001；液晶层200的液晶单元2001被配置为将第一偏振方向的光线转换为第二偏振方向的光线，液晶转换层201的液晶单元2011被配置为将第二偏振方向的光线转换为第一偏振方向的光线，第一偏振方向与第二偏振方向垂直。
在本实施例中，液晶层200可以采用普通的液晶，液晶层200的一个液晶单元2001对应一个像素，在不设置液晶转换层201时，液晶层200可以正常显示2D的图像。本实施例中额外设置的液晶转换层201为由间隔设置的液晶单元2011组成的器件，且液晶转换层201的每个液晶单元2011对应液晶层200中的一个液晶单元2001。如图33所示，液晶层200包含16个液晶单元2001：A1～A4、B1～B4、C1～C4、D1～D4，液晶转换层201包含8个液晶单元2011，分别为a1、a3、b2、b4、c1、c3、d2、d4，例如，液晶单元a1对应液晶单元A1、液晶单元a3对应液晶单元A3，以此类推。通过设置液晶 转换层201，将液晶层200的液晶单元分为了两部分，一部分液晶单元对应有液晶转换层201，比如液晶单元A1、A3、B2、B4等8个液晶单元；而其余的液晶单元没有对应液晶转换层201，比如液晶单元A2、A4、B1、B3等8个液晶单元。在实际生产过程中，液晶转换层201的液晶单元可以通过透明材质固定连接，比如液晶单元a1与液晶单元c1之间设有透明材质，在不影响液晶层200的液晶单元B1向外发出光线的同时，还可以将整个液晶转换层201生产制造为一个整体。
同时，液晶层200和液晶转换层201虽然本质上都是液晶，但是二者的偏振特性不完全相同。例如，液晶层200被配置为将第一偏振方向的光线转换为第二偏振方向的光线，液晶转换层201被配置为将第二偏振方向的光线转换为第一偏振方向的光线；例如，第一偏振方向与第二偏振方向垂直。
参见图33所示，光源104发出的光线中包含第一偏振方向的光线，或者光源104发出的光线经过光线控制装置100后可以转换为更多的第一偏振方向的光线。根据液晶的工作原理，液晶成像时会改变光线的偏振态，即预设偏振方向的线偏振光穿过液晶后会转换为垂直于该预设偏振方向的线偏振光，该预设偏振方向的具体方向是由液晶的本身特性决定。本实施例中的液晶层200和液晶转换层201采用两种不同的液晶。例如，光源104发出的光线经过液晶层200后转换为第二偏振特性的光线，之后该光线再经过液晶转换层201后又会转换为第一偏振特性的光线，而不被液晶转换层201阻挡的液晶层依旧发出第二偏振特性的光线。因此，在图33中，液晶单元a1、a3等发出第一偏振特性的光线，而液晶单元A2、A4等发出第二偏振特性的光线，即本实施例的被动发光像源的一部分像素发出第一偏振特性的光线，而另一部分像素发出第二偏振特性的光线。
在观察者需要观看2D图像时，液晶层200和液晶转换层201均工作，由于人眼不能区分不同偏振态的光线，此时的液晶转换层201相当于是透明的，故观察者可以正常观看2D图像。当观察者需要观看3D图像时，液晶层200和液晶转换层201仍然正常工作，只是需要控制液晶层不同的液晶单元显示不同的像，同时需要观察者佩戴偏振式的立体眼镜，即可使得观察者的左眼LE观看部分图像，右眼RE观看另一部分图像，通过两部分图像之间的视差为观察者带来3D感官。偏振式立体眼镜的是现有的成熟技术，此处 不做赘述。
此外，在实际场景中，液晶转换层201不可能100％透过光线，即液晶转换层201工作时不会是完全透明的，这样导致液晶转换层201透过的光线亮度会较低。如图33所示，液晶单元B1出射的光线亮度较高，而液晶单元a1出射的光线由于经过两层液晶(即液晶单元A1和液晶单元a1)，其亮度较低。例如，液晶层200包含1000个液晶单元，其中的500个液晶单元外侧覆盖有液晶转换层201，而另外500个液晶单元没有对应设置液晶转换层，则覆盖有液晶转换层201的500个液晶单元出射的光线亮度较低。
为了保证像源的成像亮度均匀，液晶转换层201中所有液晶单元的总面积不小于液晶层200中所有液晶单元的总面积的一半，即对于液晶层200来说，对应有液晶转换层201的液晶单元(比如A1、C1等)的数量大于或略大于没有对应有液晶转换层201的液晶单元(比如B1、D1等)的数量，从而可以提高液晶转换层201的总体亮度，使得亮度整体上更加均匀。例如，液晶层200包含1000个液晶单元，其中的550个液晶单元外侧覆盖有液晶转换层201(即液晶转换层201包含550个间隔设置的液晶单元)，而液晶层200中的另外450个液晶单元没有对应设置液晶转换层201，通过增加液晶层200中对应有液晶转换层201的液晶单元在液晶层200中的占比，来提高液晶层200中该部分液晶单元的整体亮度。
需要说明的是，本实施例中“间隔设置”的目的是为了均匀设置液晶转换层201的液晶单元，使得液晶层200中对应液晶转换层201的液晶单元(比如A1、A3等)与不对应液晶转换层201的液晶单元(比如A2、A4等)之间的比例基本上为1:1，或者略大于1:1。如图34所示，液晶转换层201的液晶单元2011成列间隔设置。也可以采用其他间隔设置的方式，本实施例对此不做限定。此外，为了方便显示液晶层200与液晶转换层201之间的位置关系，图33和图34中的液晶层200与液晶转换层201之间有间隔，本领域技术人员可以理解，在实际应用中，液晶层200和液晶转换层201可以完全贴合，二者之间可以不存在缝隙。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图35所示，该被动发光像源还包括：阻挡层202，阻挡层202设置在液晶层200远离光源104的一侧，且阻挡层202与液晶层200之间的距离为预设距离；阻挡层202包括多个间隔设置的阻挡 单元。
在图35中，以液晶层200包含6个液晶单元、阻挡层202包含5个阻挡单元为例说明。如图35所示，由于阻挡层202与液晶层200之间存在间隔，由于阻挡层202可以阻挡光线，故液晶层200中的部分液晶单元(R1、R2、R3)发出的光线不能到达左眼位置，故左眼LE只能观看到像素单元L1、L2、L3发出的光线；同理，右眼RE只能观看到像素单元R1、R2、R3发出的光线。因此，阻挡层202可以将液晶层200的液晶单元分为两部分，一部分液晶单元发出的光线只能到达左眼位置，比如液晶单元L1、L2、L3；而另一部分液晶单元发出的光线只能到达右眼位置，比如液晶单元R1、R2、R3。在显示成像时，通过在液晶层200中不同液晶单元显示具有视差的两种图像，从而使得左眼观看的图像和右眼观看的图像存在视差，进而实现3D成像。
例如，阻挡层202中每个阻挡单元2021的大小、以及阻挡单元2021之间的位置是经过精密计算后设计，进而在预定位置可以成像。该方式不需要观察者佩戴特殊眼镜即可观看3D图像，但是需要观察者在预定的位置才能观看到比较好的3D成像效果。
可选的，阻挡层202的阻挡单元2021为液晶。当阻挡层202的液晶工作时，液晶可以使得光线透过；当液晶不工作时，液晶相当于不透光的挡板，也可以实现阻挡单元阻挡光线的效果。例如，当观察者需要观看2D图像时，阻挡层202的液晶工作，此时的液晶层200正常显示2D图像。当观察者需要观看3D图像时，阻挡层202的液晶不工作，液晶层200不同像素显示具有视差的图像，使得观察者在特定位置可以观看到3D图像。
例如，该阻挡层202可以是完整的液晶，即阻挡层202整体式的液晶，阻挡层202在结构上不分为多个阻挡单元，但是通过控制该阻挡层202液晶的工作状态，可以形成多个间隔设置的阻挡单元；即，可以确定该阻挡层的哪一部分是需要阻挡光线的(相当于阻挡单元)，哪一部分是需要透过光线的，此时也可以实现不阻挡光线的作用。此外，可以结合人眼位置来控制阻挡层202中液晶的工作状态，使得阻挡层202可以跟随人眼的位置实时调整哪些液晶单元是不工作的(即阻挡光线)，哪些液晶单元是需要透光的(即相当于不存在阻挡单元)，从而使得观察者可以在任意位置观看到3D图像，解决了固定阻挡层202的阻挡单元后观察者只能在特定位置才可以观看3D 图像。
在上述实施例的基础上，参见图36所示，该被动发光像源还包括：柱状透镜层203，柱状透镜层203设置在液晶层200远离光源104的一侧。柱状透镜层203包括多个竖直设置的柱状透镜，且每个柱状透镜至少覆盖液晶层200的两个不同列的液晶单元2001；柱状透镜被配置为将一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第一位置、将另一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第二位置。
本实施例中，通过柱状透镜将不同列的液晶单元发出的光线折射至不同的位置，从而可以实现3D成像。例如，参见图36所示，图36为一种俯视图，在垂直方向上，液晶层200包含12列液晶，每一列液晶包含一个或多个液晶单元；为简化说明，本实施例以每一列包含1个液晶单元为例。柱状透镜层203包含多个柱状透镜2031。例如，柱状透镜层203包含6个柱状透镜，每个柱状透镜覆盖两列液晶单元；如图36所示，最上面的柱状透镜覆盖液晶单元R1和L1。基于柱状透镜的折射特性，通过设置柱状透镜的曲面，可以使得一列液晶单元发出的光线经过柱状透镜后射向第一位置，比如液晶单元R1发出的光线射向右眼位置；同时使得另一列液晶单元发出的光线经过柱状透镜后射向第二位置，比如液晶单元L1发出的光线射向左眼LE位置。通过精确设置柱状透镜的形状，可以使得部分液晶单元发出的光线射向某个位置，并使得另一部分液晶单元发出的光线射向另外一个位置。即，如图36所示，液晶单元R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6等发出的光线可以会聚至右眼RE位置，液晶单元L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6等发出的光线可以会聚至左眼位置，进而在液晶层200不同的液晶单元显示具有视差的图像时可以使得观察者在特定位置观看到3D图像。
本公开一实施例提供的方案中，通过方向控制元件将不同位置的光线会聚至同一个位置，可以提高光线亮度；同时，通过弥散元件将光线弥散开，从而可以形成预设形状的光斑，方便后续在光斑范围内成像，从而在提高光线亮度的同时，还可以扩大成像范围。
在本公开的实施例中，弥散是指光束中的光线向四外发散，经过弥散元件的光束的光轴可以不变，也可以改变。例如，在一些实施例中，光束经过弥散元件后可弥散出两个光束，该两个光束的光轴不同于入射到弥散元件上的光束的光轴。弥散元件用于扩散光束。入射到弥散元件的光束的截面的面 积小于经过弥散元件后的光束的截面。例如，在本公开的实施例中，“光轴”指光束的中心线，可指光的主要的传播方向。
例如，本公开的上述实施例中分别提供了抬头显示系统、光线控制装置和被动发光像源，然而，本公开的实施例并不限制于此。例如，上述实施例中的光线控制装置和被动发光像源可以应用于上述实施例中的抬头显示系统中。例如，图22或图23所描述的实施例中的光线控制装置可替换上述任一实施例中的抬头显示系统中除光源和反射成像装置之外的部分；或者图22或图23所示出的实施例中的被动发光像源可以替换上述任一实施例中除反射成像装置之外的部分。
基于上述实施例，本公开还提供了以下技术方案：
(1)、一种光线控制装置，包括：弥散元件和方向控制元件；
所述方向控制元件用于将不同位置的光源发出的光线进行会聚；
所述弥散元件设置在所述方向控制元件远离光源的一侧，所述弥散元件用于将所述方向控制元件的出射光弥散开、并形成光斑。
(2)、根据(1)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件包括准直元件；
所述准直元件用于将光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内，并将调整后的光线发射至所述弥散元件。
(3)、根据(2)所述的光线控制装置，所述准直元件为准直透镜或准直膜；所述准直透镜包括凸透镜、凹透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或以上几种透镜组合中的一种或多种。
(4)、根据(3)所述的光线控制装置，所述准直元件与光源位置之间的距离为所述准直元件的焦距。
(5)、根据(1)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件的数量为多个，且不同的方向控制元件设置在不同的位置，用于调整不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向，且不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向均指向同一个预设位置。
(6)、根据(1)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件还包括光线聚集元件；所述光线聚集元件设置在光源与所述弥散元件之间，所述光线聚集元件用于将不同的光源发出的光线会聚至同一个预设位置。
(7)、根据(1)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件还包括反射元件；所述反射元件包括灯杯；所述灯杯为由反光面围成的中空壳体，且所述 灯杯的开口方向朝向所述弥散元件；所述灯杯远离开口的尾端用于设置光源。
(8)、根据(7)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件还包括：准直元件；所述准直元件设置在所述灯杯的内部，且所述准直元件的尺寸小于所述灯杯的开口大小；所述准直元件用于将所述灯杯内的光源发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至所述弥散元件。
(9)、根据(1)所述的光线控制装置，所述方向控制元件还包括反射元件；所述反射元件包括实心灯杯；所述实心灯杯为具有反光面的实心透明部件，所述实心透明部件的折射率大于1；所述实心灯杯的开口方向朝向所述弥散元件；所述实心灯杯远离开口的端部用于设置光源；所述光源发出的光线射向反光面时发生全反射。
(10)、根据(9)所述的光线控制装置，所述实心透明部件在远离实心灯杯开口的端部设有空腔，所述空腔靠近实心灯杯开口的一面为凸面；或所述实心透明部件在靠近实心灯杯开口的端部的中间位置设有开槽，所述开槽的底面为凸面。
(11)、本公开的实施例还提供一种被动发光像源，包括光源、液晶层和上述(1)-(10)任一所述的光线控制装置；所述光源与所述液晶层设置在所述光线控制装置的方向控制元件的两侧。
(12)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，所述光源为由一个或多个电致发光模块组成的电致发光阵列，每个所述电致发光模块包括一个或多个电致发光器件；所述光线控制装置包括一个或多个反射元件，且每个所述电致发光模块对应设有至少一个反射元件。
(13)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，包括多组光线控制装置；不同的光线控制装置用于将所述光源发出的光发射至不同的方向或区域。
(14)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，所述液晶层包括RGB滤光片；或者所述液晶层为蓝相液晶，且所述光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源；所述红色光源、所述绿色光源和所述蓝色光源周期性工作，且三者不同时工作。
(15)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，被动发光像源还包括液晶转换层；所述液晶转换层设置在所述方向控制元件远离所述光源的一侧；所述液晶转换层包括多个间隔设置的液晶单元，且所述液晶转换层中的一个液晶单元对应所述液晶层中的一个液晶单元；所述液晶层的液晶单元用于将第一偏 振方向的光线转换为第二偏振方向的光线，所述液晶转换层的液晶单元用于将第二偏振方向的光线转换为第一偏振方向的光线，所述第一偏振方向与所述第二偏振方向垂直。
(16)、根据(15)所述的被动发光像源，所述液晶转换层中所有液晶单元的总面积不小于所述液晶层中所有液晶单元的总面积的一半。
(17)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，被动发光像源还包括：阻挡层，所述阻挡层设置在所述液晶层远离所述光源的一侧，且所述阻挡层与所述液晶层之间设有预设距离；所述阻挡层包括多个间隔设置的阻挡单元。
(18)、根据(17)所述的被动发光像源，所述阻挡单元为液晶；或者
所述阻挡层是整体式液晶，通过控制所述整体式液晶的液晶单元的工作状态，形成多个间隔设置的阻挡单元。
(19)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，被动发光像源还包括：柱状透镜层，所述柱状透镜层设置在所述液晶层远离所述光源的一侧；所述柱状透镜层包括多个竖直设置的柱状透镜，且每个柱状透镜至少覆盖所述液晶层的两个不同列的液晶单元；所述柱状透镜用于将一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第一位置、将另一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第二位置。
(20)、根据(11)所述的被动发光像源，所述光线控制装置还包括光线阻隔元件；所述光线阻隔元件设置在所述液晶层远离所述光源的一侧，所述光线阻隔元件用于限制所述被动发光像源的出射光线的出射角度。
(21)、根据(11)-(20)任一所述的被动发光像源，被动发光像源还包括反射装置；所述反射装置用于将所述光线控制装置弥散开的光斑进行反射，使得所述光斑在所述反射装置外形成虚像。
(22)、本公开的实施例还提供一种抬头显示系统，包括根据(11)-(21)任一所述的被动发光像源。
本公开的实施例提供的光线控制装置、被动发光像源可应用于本公开的实施例提供的抬头显示系统中。不冲突的情况下，不同的实施例中的不同特征可以相互组合以得到新的实施例。
在本公开的实施例中，液晶层也可称作液晶盒，包括两个相对设置的第一基板、第二基板以及密封在第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶材料层。第一偏振片和第二偏振片可分别设置在第一基板的远离液晶材料层的一侧以及第二基板的远离液晶材料层的一侧。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换的技术方案，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种抬头显示系统，包括：光源、准直元件、光线聚集元件、弥散元件、液晶面板和半透半反的反射成像装置；所述光线聚集元件、所述弥散元件和所述液晶面板以层叠的方式设置在所述光源的同一侧；
    所述准直元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线的出射方向调整至预设角度范围内；
    所述光线聚集元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线聚集；
    所述弥散元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线弥散；
    所述液晶面板被配置为将所述光源发出的光线转为成像光线，并将所述成像光线入射至所述反射成像装置；
    所述反射成像装置被配置为将所述成像光线反射至所述预设区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其中，从所述光源发出的光线经过所述准直元件、所述光线聚集元件、所述弥散元件、所述液晶面板和所述反射成像装置到达所述预设区域，所述光线聚集元件被配置为在从所述光源至所述预设区域的光路中去除所述弥散元件的情况下，将所述光源发出的光线聚集到所述预设区域内的预设位置，所述预设位置的面积小于所述预设区域的面积。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件的部分或全部设置在所述光源与所述光线聚集元件之间；
    所述准直元件被配置为将调整后的光线发射至所述光线聚集元件。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件被配置为将所述光源发出的光线调整为平行光。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件设置在所述光源与所述光线聚集元件之间，所述准直元件包括准直透镜和准直膜至少之一光线聚集元件；
    所述准直透镜包括凸透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或透镜组合中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件包括准直透镜，所述准直透镜与所述光源的位置之间的距离为所述准直透镜的焦距。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元 件包括空心灯杯；
    所述空心灯杯包括设有内反光面的中空壳体，且所述空心灯杯的开口方向朝向所述光线聚集元件；所述光源设置在所述空心灯杯远离所述开口的端部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件设置在所述空心灯杯的内部，且所述准直元件的尺寸小于所述空心灯杯的开口的尺寸；所述准直元件被配置为将所述空心灯杯内的所述光源发出的部分光线进行准直后发射至所述光线聚集元件，所述准直元件包括准直透镜和准直膜至少之一。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件包括实心灯杯；
    所述实心灯杯为实心透明部件，所述实心透明部件的折射率大于1；所述实心灯杯的开口方向朝向所述光线聚集元件；
    所述光源设置在所述实心灯杯远离开口的端部，且所述光源发出的光线射向所述实心透明部件的内表面时发生全反射。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的抬头显示系统，其中，
    所述实心灯杯在远离实心灯杯开口的端部设有空腔，所述空腔靠近所述实心灯杯开口的一面为凸面；或所述实心灯杯在靠近实心灯杯开口的端部的中间位置设有开槽，所述开槽的底面为凸面。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光线聚集元件设置在所述准直元件与所述弥散元件之间；
    所述光线聚集元件被配置为将聚集的光线发射至所述弥散元件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光线聚集元件包括凸透镜、菲涅尔透镜、或透镜组合中的一项或多项。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光线聚集元件与镜像位置之间的距离为所述光线聚集元件的焦距；所述镜像位置为所述预设位置经所述反射成像装置所形成的虚像的所在位置。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述弥散元件包括第一弥散元件，所述第一弥散元件设置在所述光源与所述液晶面板之间；
    所述第一弥散元件被配置为将所述光线聚集元件聚集的光线弥散。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述弥散元件还包括第二弥散元件，
    所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件层叠设置，且所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件之间间隔预设距离。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述第一弥散元件与所述第二弥散元件分别设置在所述光线聚集元件的两侧；或者，所述第一弥散元件和所述第二弥散元件均设置在所述光线聚集元件靠近所述液晶面板的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求15-16任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述预设距离的范围为40～50mm。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任意一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述弥散元件包括衍射光学元件或散射光学元件。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述衍射光学元件将经过其的光线弥散形成一个或多个具有预设截面形状的观察范围，所述预设截面形状包括圆形、椭圆形、正方形或长方形。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括偏振控制元件，其中，所述液晶面板包括第一偏振片、液晶层和第二偏振片；
    所述第一偏振片和所述第二偏振片分别设置在所述液晶层的两侧，且所述第一偏振片设置在所述液晶层与所述光源之间；所述第一偏振片被配置为透过第一线偏振光线，所述第二偏振片被配置为透过与所述第一线偏振光线的偏振方向垂直的第二线偏振光线；
    所述偏振控制元件设置在所述光源与所述第一偏振片之间，所述偏振控制元件被配置为透过所述第一线偏振光线，并反射或吸收所述第二线偏振光线。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括：光线阻隔层，其中，
    所述光线阻隔层设置在所述液晶面板远离所述光源的一侧，所述光线阻隔层被配置为限制所述液晶面板的出射光线的出射角度。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括：阻挡层， 其中，所述阻挡层设置在所述液晶面板远离所述光源的一侧，且所述阻挡层与所述液晶面板之间设有预设距离；所述阻挡单元为液晶；或者
    所述阻挡层是整体式液晶，通过控制所述整体式液晶的液晶单元的工作状态，形成多个间隔设置的阻挡单元。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括光线散射层，其中，
    所述光线散射层设置在所述光线阻隔层远离所述液晶面板的一侧，所述光线散射层被配置为散射外部环境光线。
  24. 根据权利要求1-23任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光源提供为多个，多个光源位于不同位置，所述光线聚集元件被配置为将不同位置的光源发出的光线进行会聚。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述准直元件的数量为多个，且不同的准直元件设置在不同的位置，被配置为调整不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向，且使不同位置的光源发出的光线的出射方向均指向同一个预设位置。
  26. 根据权利要求7所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光源为由一个或多个电致发光模块组成的电致发光阵列，每个所述电致发光模块包括一个或多个电致发光器件；且每个电致发光模块对应设有至少一个空心灯杯。
  27. 根据权利要求1-26任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述光源包括多组光源，所述不同的光源组发出的光发射至不同的方向或区域。
  28. 根据权利要求1-27任一项所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述液晶面板包括红绿蓝三色滤光片；或者
    所述液晶面板包括液晶层，所述液晶层为蓝相液晶，且所述光源包括红色光源、绿色光源和蓝色光源；所述红色光源、所述绿色光源和所述蓝色光源周期性工作，且三者不同时工作。
  29. 根据权利要求1-28任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括液晶转换层，其中，所述液晶面板包括液晶层，所述液晶转换层设置在所述光线聚集元件远离所述光源的一侧；
    所述液晶转换层包括多个间隔设置的液晶单元，且所述液晶转换层中的一个液晶单元对应所述液晶层中的一个液晶单元；
    所述液晶层的液晶单元被配置为将第一偏振方向的光线转换为第二偏振 方向的光线，所述液晶转换层的液晶单元被配置为将第二偏振方向的光线转换为第一偏振方向的光线，所述第一偏振方向与所述第二偏振方向垂直。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的抬头显示系统，其中，所述液晶转换层中所有液晶单元的总面积不小于所述液晶层中所有液晶单元的总面积的一半。
  31. 根据权利要求1-29任一项所述的抬头显示系统，还包括：柱状透镜层，其中，所述柱状透镜层设置在所述液晶层远离所述光源的一侧；
    所述柱状透镜层包括多个竖直设置的柱状透镜，且每个柱状透镜至少覆盖所述液晶层的两个不同列的液晶单元；所述柱状透镜被配置为将一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第一位置、将另一列的液晶单元发出的光线射向第二位置。
  32. 一种光线控制装置，包括：弥散元件和方向控制元件；
    所述方向控制元件被配置为将位于不同位置的多个光源发出的光线进行会聚；
    所述弥散元件设置在所述方向控制元件远离所述多个光源的一侧，所述弥散元件被配置为将所述方向控制元件的出射光弥散开、并形成光斑。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的光线控制装置，其中，从所述多个光源发出的光线经过所述方向控制元件、所述弥散元件到达第一预设区域，所述光线聚集元件被配置为在从所述光源至所述第一预设区域的光路中去除所述弥散元件的情况下，将所述多个光源发出的光线聚集到所述第一预设区域内的第二预设区域，所述第二预设区域的面积小于所述第一预设区域的面积。
  34. 一种被动发光像源，包括光源、液晶面板和如权利要求33所述的光线控制装置；
    所述光源与所述液晶面板分别设置在所述光线控制装置的方向控制元件的两侧。
  35. 一种抬头显示系统，包括根据权利要求34所述的被动发光像源。
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