WO2020228255A1 - 一种高隔热阻燃纤维线、其制备方法及基于该纤维线的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料 - Google Patents

一种高隔热阻燃纤维线、其制备方法及基于该纤维线的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料 Download PDF

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WO2020228255A1
WO2020228255A1 PCT/CN2019/114577 CN2019114577W WO2020228255A1 WO 2020228255 A1 WO2020228255 A1 WO 2020228255A1 CN 2019114577 W CN2019114577 W CN 2019114577W WO 2020228255 A1 WO2020228255 A1 WO 2020228255A1
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flame
retardant
insulation
heat
fabric
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PCT/CN2019/114577
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French (fr)
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熊圣东
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宁波先锋新材料股份有限公司
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    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
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    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
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    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and relates to a high-heat-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread, a preparation method thereof, and a high-heat-insulation flame-retardant sun-shading fabric prepared based on the fiber thread.
  • Sun-shading fabric is an important key technology to realize the design of building sun-shading.
  • Sun-shading fabrics have the functions of shading, light transmission, UV protection, moisture-proofing, decoration, protection and habitability improvement. They are widely used in vertical blinds, roller blinds and curtains.
  • Administrative office buildings, exhibition halls, libraries, gymnasiums, hotels and other large public areas are widely used in large public areas. It is a model of modern home and office life, and is also a trend and trend in international architectural heat insulation and sunshading.
  • the existing sunshade fabrics are generally woven from fiber threads and have an open-hole structure, some sunlight and heat energy can enter the room, which will form a greenhouse effect indoors, resulting in the energy-saving effect of the existing sunshade fabrics is not very obvious .
  • the sun-shading fabric In order to make the sun-shading fabric have better energy-saving effects, it is required that the sun-shading fabric have high heat insulation performance on the basis of traditional performance (such as sunshade, light transmission, view, UV protection, moisture proof, ventilation), and block the heat from reflection outside. , In order to block sunlight energy from accumulating in the building to heat up, thereby reducing energy consumption.
  • sunshade materials are obviously more suitable for the needs of some special applications if they have high flame retardant properties at the same time.
  • the fiber threads used in the existing sunshade fabrics are mostly made by covering the surface of fibers (polyester, polypropylene, glass fiber, etc.) with polymer composite materials.
  • the functional characteristics of the sunshade fabrics are also mainly composed of the polymer composite on the surface layer of the fiber thread. Given by the material.
  • the traditional methods to improve thermal insulation performance mainly include the following methods: One is to focus on the fabric weaving process, such as using special weaving technology to weave a honeycomb structure or by adjusting the fabric structure and opening rate to adjust sunlight penetration Through rate to achieve. These methods mainly achieve heat insulation by changing the surface structure of the fabric and reducing the incidence of sunlight. They do not actively increase the reflected heat energy and reduce the incoming heat energy, so the heat insulation effect is not good. In addition, if the opening rate is too low, the shading fabric will lose its habitability improvement functions such as light transmission, ventilation, and leisure decoration.
  • the second is to control the degree of color on both sides of the fabric, so that the light color is facing outwards to obtain heat insulation, and the dark color is facing inward to control glare.
  • this method has limited heat insulation effect, and the preparation process is complicated.
  • the third is to apply reflective heat insulation paint (some inorganic pigments such as chrome black and iron red with reflective function) on the surface of the fabric to achieve the purpose of reflection and heat insulation.
  • reflective heat insulation paint some inorganic pigments such as chrome black and iron red with reflective function
  • Chinese patents publication numbers: CN105569531A, CN207041396U
  • the surface is coated with a reflective thermal insulation coating layer.
  • the fabric prepared by this method has a certain heat insulation and reflection effect, but it is easy to cause environmental protection problems, and the preparation cost is relatively high.
  • the heat insulation reflection layer is on the surface of the fabric, and the surface contact friction is easy to cause the surface during processing, packaging, and use. Damaged, thereby affecting its performance and appearance.
  • traditional reflective and heat-insulating coatings are difficult to be compatible with sun-shading material substrates (polyester or PVC materials), the reflective and heat-insulating function obtained by surface treatment will gradually weaken after long-term use or placement.
  • the flame retardant properties of sunshade fabrics are mainly determined by the polymer composite material on the surface of the fiber thread.
  • a large amount of flame retardants traditional such as hydroxide, antimony oxide, phosphorus nitrogen, etc.
  • the added flame retardant is usually not very compatible with PVC resin, and the addition of a large amount of flame retardant will not only greatly reduce the processing flow performance of PVC composite material, but also seriously affect the regularity and smoothness of the fiber line surface. This in turn affects the feel and appearance of the shade fabric.
  • the first objective of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and propose a high heat insulation and flame retardant fiber line.
  • the PVC composite material on the surface has high reflection, heat insulation and flame retardancy.
  • the fiber line is used to prepare sunshades.
  • the fabric can achieve its high heat insulation and flame retardant properties without changing the appearance and structure of the fabric.
  • a high-insulation flame-retardant fiber line comprising polyester fiber as an inner core and a high-insulation flame-retardant PVC composite material layer coated on the surface of the polyester fiber.
  • the thermally flame-retardant PVC composite material layer is covered on the surface of the polyester fiber by a high-insulation flame-retardant PVC paste composite material through a process of impregnation and heating plasticization.
  • the high thermal insulation and flame retardant PVC paste composite material includes the following components in parts by weight:
  • PVC paste resin 10-20 parts of PVC blending resin, 3-6 parts of stabilizer, 55-95 parts of plasticizer, 17-34 parts of flame retardant, 5-8 parts of heat insulation agent, compatible 5-10 parts of modifier, 5-8 parts of binder, 5-12 parts of viscosity reducer, 0.6-1 part of other additives.
  • the average particle size of the PVC paste resin is 0.2 ⁇ m-2 ⁇ m, and the K value is 67-76.
  • the available grades of the PVC paste resin include: Shenyang Chemical PSH-10, Shenyang Chemical PSM-31, Tianjin Chemical P-440, Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. 62GP, Solvay Company SOLVIN367NC, or Solvay Company 373ND.
  • the average particle size of the PVC blended resin is 20 ⁇ m-60 ⁇ m, and the K value is 57-75.
  • the selectable grades of the PVC blending resin include: C65V and C100V from VINNOLIT of Germany, LB110 of LG Chemical Company of South Korea or SB100 of Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemicals.
  • the particle structure of PVC blended resin is compact, spherical, smooth in appearance, narrow in particle size distribution, small in absorbing plasticizer energy, and has a certain affinity with plasticizer. Compared with the particle size of ordinary PVC paste resin particles (0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m), the particle size of PVC blended resin particles is relatively large, between 20 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m.
  • PVC blending resin is added to PVC paste resin, PVC blending resin The voids between the particles are filled, the accumulation becomes dense, the surface of the particles is smoother, the porosity is low, and the surface area is small.
  • adding a certain amount of PVC blending resin to the ordinary PVC resin can reduce the viscosity of the paste composite material, improve its processing performance, reduce the generation of surface bubbles in the process of impregnating and preparing the fiber thread; and also reduce the surface gloss of the fiber thread , Make its appearance uniform, reduce the stimulation to vision, avoid sensory depression and dizziness.
  • the stabilizer is a liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer.
  • the plasticizer includes 35 to 55 parts of a first plasticizer and 20 to 40 parts of a second plasticizer
  • the first plasticizer includes dioctyl terephthalate and diisoadipate.
  • the second plasticizer is a flame retardant plasticizer, including triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, toluene diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl 2-octyl phosphate, tris(2-octyl phosphate) ) One or more of esters.
  • a large amount of plasticizer is added to the PVC paste resin to ensure that the paste composite material has lower viscosity and good flow processing performance, so that the subsequent impregnation process can be Go smoothly.
  • the plasticizing molecules of the plasticizer can be inserted between the PVC molecular chains to increase the mobility of the PVC molecular chains and reduce the crystallinity of the PVC molecular chains, thereby increasing the plasticity and flexibility of PVC to improve the processing performance of PVC.
  • PVC paste resin itself has certain flame retardant properties, its chlorine content reaches 56%, oxygen index is 45%, and it has flame retardant effect to a certain extent.
  • the addition of a large amount of ordinary plasticizers that is, the first plasticizer greatly reduces the flame-retardant performance of PVC composite materials. Therefore, the present invention uses flame-retardant plasticizers instead of some conventional plasticizers.
  • the molecule contains phosphoric acid groups with flame-retardant properties, which can impart certain flame-retardant properties to the flame-retardant plasticizer, thereby reducing the influence of the plasticizer on the flame-retardant properties of the composite material.
  • the flame retardant includes 6 to 12 parts of brominated flame retardant, 5 to 10 parts of antimony trioxide and 6 to 12 parts of flame retardant synergist;
  • the brominated flame retardant includes tribromophenol Flame retardant, brominated phthalic anhydride flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, one of decabromodiphenyl ethane
  • the flame retardant synergist is a mixture of zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of (1 to 1.2):1.
  • the tribromophenol flame retardant includes 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, 1,2-bis(pentabromophenoxy)ethane, and
  • the brominated phthalic anhydride flame retardant includes 1,2-bis(tetrabromophthalimide)ethane.
  • the present invention selects brominated flame retardants and antimony trioxide as the main flame retardant raw materials, while using zinc borate and silicone powder as flame retardant synergistic agents, the three have a promoting synergistic effect and can be effective Ensure that it has a better flame retardant effect at a lower dosage.
  • bromine-based flame retardants have good free radical trapping performance, which can trap free radicals generated in the combustion process, thereby preventing the spread of flame, reducing the flame density in the combustion zone, and finally stopping the combustion reaction.
  • Antimony trioxide will react with bromine-based flame retardants and PVC halides to liberate hydrohalic acid or halogen at the same time to produce antimony trihalide or antimonyl halide. These antimony compounds can reduce the contact between combustibles and oxygen and produce carbon. Cover layer, so as to achieve the purpose of flame retardant.
  • zinc borate After being decomposed at high temperature, zinc borate will synergize with PVC and bromine-containing flame retardants to produce boron trioxide, ZnCl 2 , and ZnBr 2 , covering the surface of the composite material to form a layer of glassy substance, which can inhibit afterglow.
  • the ZnCl 2 produced by decomposition is a Lewis acid, which can be used as an active catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation to promote the cross-linking of PVC into char in a short time, thereby increasing the amount of char, reducing the amount of smoke, and preventing the combustion from continuing.
  • Zinc borate also has an endothermic dehydration effect at high temperatures, and can play a cooling and flame retardant effect.
  • Silicone resin powder can increase the amount of carbon generated in the combustion process. Silicone resin powder and zinc borate decomposition products can form glassy silicon and boron compounds at high temperatures. These compounds make the carbon coating produced by the combustion of organic matter have a higher Heat resistance and barrier properties, thereby improving the flame retardant effect of the carbon coating.
  • the flame retardant of the present invention achieves a better flame retardant effect through the condensed phase flame retardant mechanism, free radical capture mechanism, cooling barrier mechanism and the synergistic mechanism between the components of the flame retardant, so that the flame retardant of the present invention is The flame retardancy of PVC can be greatly improved even with low addition.
  • the heat insulating agent includes 4-6 parts of infrared reflective heat insulating agent and 1 to 2 parts of hollow glass beads; the infrared reflective heat insulating agent has a mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-1) : (1 ⁇ 1.5): (0.5 ⁇ 1.2) a mixture of nano-scale tin-doped indium oxide, nano-scale antimony-doped tin oxide, nano-scale cesium tungstate and nano-scale iron-chromium composite oxide; the hollow microspheres
  • the particle size range is 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the effect is best when the components in the infrared reflective heat insulation agent are in equal mass ratio.
  • the invention uses the infrared reflective heat insulation agent and the hollow glass microspheres to jointly realize the reflective heat insulation effect.
  • the infrared reflective heat insulation agent can effectively block the near-infrared light that does not contribute to vision but contributes nearly half of the energy in sunlight through the synergistic effect of several components.
  • Hollow glass beads have good reflectivity and radiation, their surface is smooth, the particle size is uniform, the thermal conductivity is low, the heat reflectivity to the sun is high, and the heat barrier is good.
  • Nano-scale tin-doped indium oxide and nano-scale antimony-doped tin oxide have good transmittance to visible light with wavelengths of 500nm to 800nm, but have extremely strong reflectivity for infrared light from 1250nm to 1800nm; nano-scale iron-chromium composite oxide The material has good reflectivity to infrared light from 1100nm to 2300nm, which can make up for the insufficient reflectivity of nano-indium/antimony tin metal oxide to infrared light above 1800nm; nano-grade cesium tungstate has extremely strong near-infrared region 800nm to 1100nm Absorption characteristics, strong transmission characteristics in the visible light region 380nm ⁇ 780nm, strong shielding characteristics in the ultraviolet light region 200nm ⁇ 380nm, not only has good heat insulation performance, but also beneficial to the anti-ultraviolet aging of composite materials.
  • the composite material has a
  • the preparation method of the high heat insulation and flame retardant PVC paste composite material is:
  • the infrared reflective heat insulation agent is made into the infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion, it is mixed and stirred evenly with PVC resin, stabilizer, plasticizer, flame retardant, compatible modifier, viscosity reducer, and other additives. Then it is ground, then the binder and hollow glass beads are added while stirring, and the stirring is continued to obtain a high heat insulation and flame retardant PVC paste composite material.
  • the preparation method of the infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion is: adding the infrared reflective heat insulating agent to a certain amount of plasticizer, then adding the dispersing agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain the infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion Dispersions.
  • the mass percentage of the infrared reflective heat insulating agent is 30% to 35%, and the mass percentage of the dispersant is 0.5% to 1%.
  • stirring is carried out at 300 rpm to 500 rpm for 1.5 h to 2.5 h to make the stirring uniform, and the infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion is prepared.
  • the dispersing agent can be selected from BYK-110, BYK-111, and BYK-161.
  • the grinding is 2 to 3 times on a three-roll grinding machine.
  • the continuous stirring is continuous stirring at a rotation speed of 200 rpm to 400 rpm for 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
  • the infrared reflective heat insulation substance is prepared into a pre-dispersion in a plasticizer. After being fully wetted and dispersed, the infrared reflective heat insulation substance can be better dispersed in the PVC composite material, and its reflection can be exerted to a greater extent. Thermal insulation effect.
  • the compatible modifier is a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin
  • the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is a polymer prepared by copolymerizing vinyl chloride (VC) and vinyl acetate (VAC) monomers, Commonly known as vinyl chloride copolymer resin or vinyl chloride resin.
  • vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is added as a compatible modifier to the PVC composite material, so that the inorganic additive components such as flame retardant and infrared reflective heat insulation agent can be well compatible with PVC resin and give full play to the flame retardant
  • the flame retardant synergistic effect of the agent and the thermal insulation performance of the infrared reflective heat insulation agent is not limited.
  • Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin has good compatibility with PVC resin, and can improve its flexibility, toughness, hardness and processing fluidity.
  • the vinyl acetate polar group contained in it has a chemical coupling effect with inorganic additives, thereby improving the matrix PVC Resin and various inorganic additives play a compatible role, making the composite material system more uniform and reasonable.
  • the binder is a polyisocyanurate material.
  • the optional grades of the adhesive include: at least one of Bonding Agent2001, Bonding Agent2005, T839, Vulcabond TP, and Vulcabond VP.
  • the polyester fiber has a smooth surface and a high melting point. It still maintains a plastic state at the plasticizing temperature of the PVC paste composite material.
  • the PVC paste composite material has only physical adsorption on the surface of the polyester fiber after plasticization and cooling. Poor adhesion will affect the performance of the fiber thread.
  • polyisocyanurate substances are added as binders to PVC paste composite materials. Polyisocyanurate substances have abundant active functional groups and can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of polyester fibers to form chemical bonds. Thus, the PVC composite material layer and the polyester fiber have a good bonding force, and the adhesion between the PVC layer and the polyester fiber is effectively improved.
  • the viscosity reducing agent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate.
  • the PVC paste composite material of the present invention is added with inorganic components such as flame retardants, heat insulating agents, and compatible modifiers, adhesives, etc., which will increase the viscosity of the PVC paste composite material system.
  • the viscosity of the PVC paste composite material system is the main processing performance index that affects its impregnated fiber to prepare the fiber line. If the viscosity is too high, the impregnation process cannot be completed. If the viscosity is too low, it will affect the amount of composite material coating on the fiber line surface, and then affect the final Functional characteristics of the finished fabric. Therefore, the present invention adds 5-12 parts of viscosity reducer to the PVC paste composite material to adjust the viscosity of the system.
  • the present invention uses 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate as a viscosity reducer, which can not only reduce the viscosity of the composite material system, but also has a plasticizing effect on the PVC resin. At the same time, it makes the surface of the fiber thread more dry and beautiful, increases the surface layer's abrasion resistance, and makes the surface of the fiber thread less likely to be scratched.
  • the other auxiliary agents include one or more of antioxidants, anti-ultraviolet agents, and toners.
  • the antioxidant is 0.3-0.5 parts
  • the anti-ultraviolet agent is 0.3-0.5 parts.
  • the antioxidant can be one or two of hindered phenol antioxidants or phosphite antioxidants.
  • the anti-ultraviolet agent is a benzophenone anti-ultraviolet agent.
  • the anti-ultraviolet agent includes 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone One or a mixture of ketones or 4-dihydroxybenzophenone.
  • the invention adds antioxidants and anti-ultraviolet agents to the PVC paste composite material to improve the UV resistance and weather resistance of the PVC composite material to ensure the weather resistance and UV resistance of the sunshade fabric.
  • the antioxidant added in the present invention can effectively inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the PVC composite material by oxygen in the air, and improve the retention of physical properties of the composite material after being heated in aerobic air.
  • the use of the anti-ultraviolet agent in the present invention can absorb the ultraviolet rays irradiated on the product, thereby effectively inhibiting the chemical decomposition reaction between the ultraviolet rays and the PVC composite material.
  • the use of toner can give PVC composite materials different colors, and can be used to prepare such fabrics of different colors.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread as described above, the method for preparing the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread includes the following steps:
  • the impregnated body first passes through the die by pulling, and then plasticizes the high heat insulation flame-retardant PVC paste composite material impregnated on the surface of the polyester fiber through a hot oven, that is, the surface layer is a high heat insulation flame-retardant PVC composite material , High-insulation flame-retardant fiber line with polyester fiber inner core.
  • the specifications of the polyester fiber in steps S1 and S2 are 200D to 250D
  • the die is a circular die with a diameter of 0.2mm to 0.5mm
  • the diameter of the high thermal insulation flame retardant fiber thread is 0.3mm ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the diameter of the plasticized fiber line will change, which is slightly larger than the diameter of the die.
  • the pulling speed of the impregnated body in step S2 is 50 m/min to 80 m/min.
  • the hot oven in step S2 includes a front section, a middle section and a rear section, the temperature of the front section is 130°C to 150°C, the temperature of the middle section is 160°C to 170°C, and the temperature of the rear section is 150°C to 160°C.
  • the residence time of the impregnated body in the hot oven is 1 min to 2 min.
  • the PVC paste composite material can fully penetrate into the polyester fiber bundle and make the PVC paste
  • the binder in the composite material better combines with the surface of the polyester fiber to increase the bonding force between the fiber and the surface layer of the PVC composite material, thereby improving the quality of the fiber line.
  • the traction speed is too high, and the PVC paste composite material cannot fully penetrate into the fiber bundle, which not only affects the bonding force of the polyester fiber and the surface layer PVC composite material, but also reduces the surface regularity of the fiber thread, and affects the shading fabric Weaving and functional characteristics.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a high heat-insulation flame-retardant sun-shading fabric.
  • the raw material for preparing the high-heat-insulation flame-retardant sun-shading fabric is the high heat-insulation and flame-retardant fiber thread described in the first object of the present invention or through The high-heat-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread produced by the method described in the second objective, the diameter of the high-heat-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread is 0.3mm ⁇ 0.5mm, and the high-heat insulation and flame-retardant sunshade fabric has a warp and weft structure , There is a gap between the warp structure and the weft structure, the opening rate is 1% to 5%, the thickness of the high heat insulation flame retardant sunshade fabric is 0.40mm to 0.75mm, and the weight is 350g/m 2 ⁇ 500g/m 2 .
  • the opening rate of the sunshade fabric is also an important factor affecting its thermal insulation effect.
  • the present invention controls the opening rate of the sunshade fabric to 1% to 5%, which not only increases the air permeability of the sunshade fabric, but also ensures that the sunshade fabric has a certain Light transmittance, part of the light can pass through the small gaps on the sunshade fabric, and the light transmittance can be controlled by adjusting the size of the fabric gap, so as to achieve the controllability of the sunshade. If the opening rate is too low, it will lose the habitability improvement functions of sunlight fabrics such as light transmission, ventilation, decoration and leisure.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high heat-insulation flame-retardant sun-shading fabric, characterized in that the method for preparing the high-heat-insulation flame-retardant sun-shading fabric includes the following steps:
  • the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread described in the first object of the present invention or the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread produced by the method described in the second object of the present invention is used as a raw material to woven into a fabric, and then the fabric is heat-set, The high heat insulation and flame retardant sun-shading fabric is prepared.
  • the diameter of the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread is 0.3mm-0.5mm
  • the heat setting process is to apply the woven fabric under the warp tension of 500N-800N and the weft tension of 400N-600N.
  • the heat setting treatment is performed, and the temperature of the heat setting treatment is 115° C. to 130° C., and the time is 4 min to 8 min.
  • the heat setting treatment is performed in a hot drying room.
  • the invention can prevent the fiber thread of the fabric from shifting through the heat setting treatment after weaving, so that the fiber threads can be firmly combined, prevent the fabric from deforming, and control the opening of the final fabric by controlling the tension during the weaving and heat setting of the sunshade fabric. Porosity.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the raw material components of the PVC paste composite material are reasonably compatible, so that the inner core and the surface layer of the prepared fiber thread are tightly combined, and have good heat insulation and flame retardant properties.
  • the sunshade fabric prepared by weaving the fiber thread of the present invention has good heat insulation and flame retardant effects, and its index can reach 31 (test material standard: GB/T5454-1997), which can be better applied to high insulation Heat, high flame retardant and other fields have expanded the scope of application of sunshade fabrics, making them more suitable for use in households, sanitation, offices, large public places and other fields.
  • the sunshade fabric prepared by the present invention has excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and ultraviolet resistance, and does not contain phthalic acid. It is an environmentally friendly new type of building energy-saving sunshade composite material, with a fine and smooth hand feel, a refreshing and smooth surface, and air permeability it is good.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the structure of the high heat insulation and flame retardant sunshade fabric prepared by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a projection view in the latitude direction of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a projection view of Fig. 1 in the warp direction
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread made by the present invention in Fig. 1;
  • 1 is a high-insulation flame-retardant shade fabric
  • 11 and 12 are high-insulation flame-retardant fiber threads
  • 111 is a high-insulation flame-retardant PVC composite coating on the outer layer of the high-insulation flame-retardant fiber thread
  • 112 It is the inner core polyester fiber of the fiber thread.
  • infrared reflective heat insulation agent mass percentage of 1:1:1:1 nanoscale tin doped indium oxide, nanoscale antimony doped tin oxide, nanoscale cesium tungstate and nanoscale iron-chromium composite oxide
  • plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate 0.09 parts of BYK-110 dispersant was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 2 hours to prepare 15 parts of infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion.
  • BYK-110 dispersant mass percentage of infrared reflective heat insulating agent is 35%, and the mass percentage of BYK-110 dispersant is 0.6%;
  • PVC paste resin 85 parts of PVC paste resin, 15 parts of PVC blending resin, 3.5 parts of liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 38 parts of first plasticizer, 25 parts of second plasticizer, 8 parts of brominated flame retardant, antimony trioxide 8 parts, flame retardant synergist 8 parts, infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion 15 parts, compatibility modifier vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin 7 parts, viscosity reducer 2,2,4-trimethyl- 7 parts of 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, 0.4 part of antioxidant, 0.4 part of anti-ultraviolet agent;
  • the PVC paste resin adopts Shenyang Chemical's PSM-31; the PVC blending resin adopts C65V of German VINNOLIT; the first plasticizer is dioctyl terephthalate; the second plasticizer is triphenyl phosphate; bromine Decabromodiphenyl ethane is selected as the flame retardant; the flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1; the antioxidant is selected tetra[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]pentaerythritol ester; anti-ultraviolet agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
  • the heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC paste composite material is plasticized and molded on the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain a highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant fiber thread with a surface layer of highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC composite material, a polyester fiber inner core and a diameter of 0.35mm
  • the traction speed of the impregnated body is 60m/min
  • the temperature of the front section of the hot oven is 130°C
  • the temperature of the middle section is 165°C
  • the temperature of the latter section is 155°C.
  • the residence time of the impregnated body in the hot oven is 1.5min.
  • loom Use a loom to weave high-heat-insulation and flame-retardant fiber threads to form a fabric with a regular pattern, leaving rectangular pores between the warp and weft, and control the fabric opening rate to 2% through the warp and weft density of the loom;
  • the woven fabric into a hot drying room under the action of 700N warp tension and 500N weft tension for heat setting treatment.
  • the temperature of the drying room is controlled to 125°C and the heat setting time is 5min.
  • PVC paste resin 85 parts of PVC paste resin, 15 parts of PVC blending resin, 3.5 parts of liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 38 parts of first plasticizer, 30 parts of second plasticizer, 12 parts of brominated flame retardant, antimony trioxide 8 parts, 10 parts flame retardant synergist, 15 parts infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion, compatibility modifier vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin 7 parts, viscosity reducer 2,2,4-trimethyl- 9 parts of 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, 0.4 part of antioxidant, 0.4 part of anti-ultraviolet agent;
  • the PVC paste resin uses Tianjin Chemical's P-440; the PVC blending resin uses German VINNOLIT company C65V; the first plasticizer is dioctyl terephthalate; the second plasticizer is triphenyl phosphate; bromine series
  • the flame retardant is decabromodiphenyl ethane; the flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1;
  • the antioxidant is tetra[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4) -Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]pentaerythritol ester, a mixture of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite;
  • the anti-ultraviolet agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that 200D polyester fiber is selected, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
  • infrared reflective heat insulation agent mass percentage of 1:1:1:1 nanoscale tin doped indium oxide, nanoscale antimony doped tin oxide, nanoscale cesium tungstate and nanoscale iron-chromium composite oxide Mixture
  • PVC paste resin 85 parts of PVC paste resin, 15 parts of PVC blending resin, 3.5 parts of liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 38 parts of plasticizer, 30 parts of flame retardant plasticizer, 12 parts of bromine flame retardant, 8 parts of antimony trioxide , 10 parts of flame retardant synergist, 17 parts of infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion, 9 parts of compatibility modifier, 9 parts of viscosity reducer, 0.4 part of antioxidant, 0.4 part of anti-ultraviolet agent;
  • the PVC paste resin uses Shenyang Chemical's PSM-31; the PVC blending resin uses German VINNOLIT company C65V; the first plasticizer is dioctyl terephthalate; the second plasticizer is tricresyl phosphate; bromine series
  • the flame retardant is decabromodiphenyl ethane; the flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1;
  • the antioxidant is an antioxidant selected from tetra[ ⁇ -(3,5- ⁇ term) Butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]pentaerythritol ester; the anti-ultraviolet agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
  • infrared reflective heat insulation agent (the mass ratio is 1:1:1:1 nanoscale tin doped indium oxide, nanoscale antimony doped tin oxide, nanoscale cesium tungstate and nanoscale iron-chromium composite oxide The mixture) was added to 8.41 parts of plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate, and then 0.09 parts of BYK-110 dispersant was added, and stirred at 400 rpm for 1.5 hours to prepare 12.5 parts of infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion. In the pre-dispersion of infrared reflective heat insulating agent, the mass percentage of infrared reflective heat insulating agent is 32%, and the mass percentage of BYK-110 dispersant is 0.7%;
  • PVC paste resin 20 parts of PVC blending resin, 3 parts of liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 26.6 parts of first plasticizer, 40 parts of second plasticizer, 6 parts of brominated flame retardant, antimony trioxide 5 parts, 6 parts of flame retardant synergist, 12.5 parts of infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion, compatibility modifier vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin 5 parts, viscosity reducer 2,2,4-trimethyl- 5 parts of 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, 0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.3 part of anti-ultraviolet agent;
  • the PVC paste resin adopts 62GP of Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd.; the PVC blending resin adopts C100V of VINNOLIT, Germany; the first plasticizer is dioctyl terephthalate; the second plasticizer is toluene diphenyl phosphate ; Brominated flame retardant is hexabromocyclododecane; flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1; antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) ) Phosphite; the anti-ultraviolet agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
  • the heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC paste composite material is plasticized and molded on the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain a highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant fiber line with a surface layer of highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC composite material, an inner core of polyester fiber and a diameter of 0.3mm
  • the traction speed of the impregnated body is 50m/min
  • the temperature of the front section of the hot oven is 130°C
  • the temperature of the middle section is 160°C
  • the temperature of the latter section is 150°C.
  • the residence time of the impregnated body in the hot oven is 1min.
  • loom Use a loom to weave high-heat-insulation and flame-retardant fiber threads to form a fabric with a regular pattern, leaving rectangular pores between the warp and weft, and control the fabric opening rate to 1.0% through the loom's warp and weft density;
  • infrared reflective heat insulation agent mass percentage of 1:1:1:1 nanoscale tin doped indium oxide, nanoscale antimony doped tin oxide, nanoscale cesium tungstate and nanoscale iron-chromium composite oxide The mixture) was added to 9.16 parts of plasticizer diisooctyl adipate, and then 0.14 parts of dispersant BYK-111 was added, and stirred at 400 rpm for 2.5 hours to prepare 14.3 parts of infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion.
  • the mass percentage of infrared reflective heat insulating agent is 35%, and the mass percentage of BYK-111 dispersant is 1.0%;
  • PVC paste resin 17 parts of PVC blending resin, 5 parts of liquid calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 34.8 parts of first plasticizer, 35 parts of second plasticizer, 10 parts of brominated flame retardant, antimony trioxide 7 parts, 9 parts of flame retardant synergist, 14.3 parts of infrared reflective heat insulation agent pre-dispersion, 8 parts of compatibility modifier vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, viscosity reducer 2,2,4-trimethyl- 8 parts of 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, 0.4 part of antioxidant, 0.4 part of anti-ultraviolet agent;
  • the PVC paste resin adopts Solvay's SOLVIN367NC; the PVC blending resin adopts LB110 of LG Chemical Company; the first plasticizer is diisooctyl adipate; the second plasticizer is diphenyl 2-octyl phosphate ; Brominated flame retardant is 1,2-bis(pentabromophenoxy)ethane; flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1.2:1; antioxidant is tri(2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite; the anti-ultraviolet agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone;
  • the impregnated body is first passed through a round die with a diameter of 0.4mm by traction, and then passed through a hot oven to increase the height
  • the heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC paste composite material is plasticized and molded on the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain a high-heat-insulation and flame-retardant fiber line with a surface layer of high-heat-insulation and flame-retardant PVC composite material, an inner core of polyester fiber, and a diameter of 0.48mm
  • the traction speed of the impregnated body is 70m/min
  • the temperature of the front section of the hot oven is 140°C
  • the temperature of the middle section is 165°C
  • the temperature of the latter section is 155°C.
  • the residence time of the impregnated body in the hot oven is 1.2min.
  • loom Use a loom to weave high-insulation and flame-retardant fiber threads to form a fabric with a regular pattern, leaving rectangular pores between the warp and weft, and control the fabric opening rate to 3% through the warp and weft density of the loom;
  • infrared reflective heat insulation agent mass ratio of 0.8:0.8:1:0.8 nano-scale tin doped indium oxide, nano-scale antimony doped tin oxide, nano-scale cesium tungstate and nano-scale iron-chromium composite oxide
  • plasticizer acetyl tributyl citrate 0.1 part of BYK-110 dispersant was added, and stirred at 500 rpm for 2 hours to prepare 20 parts of infrared reflective heat insulating agent pre-dispersion.
  • BYK-110 dispersant was 0.5%
  • the PVC paste resin is Solvay 373ND; the PVC blending resin is Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical SB100; the first plasticizer is acetyl tributyl citrate; the second plasticizer is tri(2-octyl) phosphate; bromine
  • the flame retardant is decabromodiphenyl ethane; the flame retardant synergist is zinc borate and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1; the antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) Phosphate; anti-ultraviolet agent is 4-dihydroxybenzophenone;
  • the heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC paste composite material is plasticized and molded on the surface of the polyester fiber to obtain a highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant fiber line with a surface layer of highly heat-insulating and flame-retardant PVC composite material, a core of polyester fiber, and a diameter of 0.5mm
  • the traction speed of the impregnated body is 80m/min
  • the temperature of the front section of the hot oven is 140°C
  • the temperature of the middle section is 170°C
  • the temperature of the latter section is 160°C
  • the residence time of the impregnated body in the hot oven is 2.0min.
  • Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that no flame retardant synergist is added, and the others are the same as Example 3.
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 2 is that no infrared reflective heat shielding agent is added, and the others are the same as Example 2.
  • Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that no compatible modifier is added, and the others are the same as Example 3.
  • Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that the flame retardant synergist added is magnesium hydroxide and silicone powder with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the others are the same as Example 3.
  • Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that no viscosity reducer is added, and the others are the same as Example 3.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no binder is added, and the fabric is placed in a hot drying room under the action of 800N warp tension and 600N weft tension for heat setting treatment. Others are the same as in Example 1.
  • Table 1 shows the main physical and chemical properties of the sunshade fabrics prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention.
  • the oxygen index test standard GB/T5454-1997; the color fastness test standard: GB/T8427-2008; the heat transfer coefficient test standard: GB/T8484-2008, the smaller the heat transfer coefficient, the better the thermal insulation performance of the fabric .
  • the high heat-insulating flame-retardant sunshade fabric prepared by the present invention has good weather resistance, high flame-retardant performance and thermal insulation performance. It can be seen from Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 that the flame retardant, flame retardant synergist and compatible modifier in the PVC composite material formulation of the coating layer of the high thermal insulation flame retardant fiber line prepared by the present invention The effect is obvious. Without the flame retardant synergist and compatibilizer, the flame retardant effect will be greatly reduced. The amount of the flame retardant synergist and flame retardant is increased in the formula, and the flame retardant effect of the system is increased.
  • the flame-retardant synergist composed of zinc borate and silicone powder exhibits obvious flame-retardant synergistic effect in the composite material. If other components with flame-retardant characteristics are used as the flame-retardant synergist in the composite material of the present invention , The flame retardant effect is significantly reduced, see Comparative Example 4 and Example 3. In addition, it can be seen from Comparative Example 3 that if there is no compatible modifier in the coating PVC composite material formula, the compatibility of the flame retardant, reflective heat insulation component and the PVC matrix resin will be significantly reduced, and its synergistic flame retardancy and reflective insulation The thermal performance cannot be fully exerted, which will affect the heat insulation and flame retardant properties of the final material.
  • Comparative Example 2 It can be seen from Comparative Example 2 that without adding infrared reflective heat insulation agent and hollow glass beads in the PVC composite material formula, the heat insulation performance of the sunshade fabric is significantly reduced. It can be seen from Comparative Example 5 that the viscosity reducer is very important for adjusting the viscosity of the PVC paste composite material of the present invention to improve its flow and processing performance. Without the addition of the viscosity reducer, the viscosity of the PVC paste composite material is relatively large and cannot Complete the process of impregnation to prepare the fiber thread.
  • Comparative Example 6 it can be seen from Comparative Example 6 that when no adhesive is added in the PVC composite material formula, the yarn covering layer and the intermediate polyester filament are easy to peel off, and the yarn quality is not good, which has little effect on the heat insulation and flame retardant properties of the finished fabric. .
  • the heat setting process can not only improve the fastness between the fabric yarns, but also affect the opening rate, thickness and weight of the final fabric. The increase in tension during the heat setting process will cause As a result, the gap between the yarns is enlarged, and the opening rate of the fabric is increased.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高隔热阻燃纤维线、其制备方法，以及基于该纤维线制备的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料和其制备方法，属于高分子材料技术领域。本发明的高隔热阻燃纤维线包括作为内芯的聚酯纤维和包覆在聚酯纤维表面的高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层，所述高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层由高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料通过浸渍和加热塑化工艺包覆在聚酯纤维表面；本发明的高隔热阻燃面料由直径为0.3mm～0.5mm的高隔热阻燃纤维线编织和热定型制成，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料具有经线和纬线结构，开孔率为1％～5％，厚度为0.40mm～0.75mm、克重为350g/m 2～500g/m 2。本发明的高隔热阻燃纤维线表层的PVC复合材料具有高反射隔热和阻燃性能，使用该纤维线制备遮阳面料，可在不改变面料外观结构的基础上实现其高隔热和阻燃性能。

Description

一种高隔热阻燃纤维线、其制备方法及基于该纤维线的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料 技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，涉及一种高隔热阻燃纤维线、其制备方法，以及基于该纤维线制备的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高，对建筑材料的选择和使用更加注重节能、安全和环保。建筑遮阳是建筑节能设计的重要组成部分，其是在建筑的窗户或墙体使用遮阳材料阻挡阳光和热能，避免阳光和热能直接进入室内，防止室内能量聚集升温，从而降低能耗，经济而又实用，是建筑节能减排技术中一类不可或缺的技术手段。遮阳面料是实现建筑遮阳设计的重要关键技术，遮阳面料具有遮阳、透光透景、防紫外线、防潮、装饰、保护和居住性改进等功能，广泛用于垂帘、卷帘以及窗帘上，在商务、行政办公大楼、展馆展厅、图书馆、体育馆、酒店等大型公共场所领域都广泛应用，是现代家居和办公生活的典范，也是国际建筑隔热遮阳的一种潮流和趋势。
但是由于现有的遮阳面料一般由纤维线编织而成，具有开孔结构，导致会有一部分太阳光和热能能够进入室内，在室内会形成温室效应，导致现有遮阳面料的节能效果不是很明显。为使遮阳面料具有更好的节能效果，就要求遮阳面料在传统的性能(如遮阳、透光透景、防紫外线、防潮、通风)基础上同时拥有高隔热性能，将热能阻挡反射在室外，以阻挡太阳光能量在建筑内聚集升温，从而降低能耗。
另外，随着人们对防火意识的不断提高，遮阳材料作为一种家装和公共场合广泛应用的材料，如同时具有高阻燃性能显然更能适合一些特殊应用领域的需求。而现有的遮阳面料所用的纤维线大多是由高分子复合材料包覆于纤维(涤纶、丙纶、玻璃纤维等)表面制得，遮阳面料的功能特性也主要由纤维线表面层的高分子复合材料所赋予。目前，市面上传统的遮阳面料所用纤维线大多是软质PVC复合材料通过螺杆挤出机连续均匀包覆于纤维表面，形成连续包覆层，从而制得纤维线。虽然以PVC复合材料为主要基材的遮阳材料具有一定的阻燃性能，但还不能满足一些高阻燃性能的要求。
为提升遮阳面料的反射隔热性能，各生产厂家采用了多种技术手段。传统提高隔热性能的方法主要有以下几种方法：一是着眼于面料的编织工艺，如采用特殊的织造技术编织具有蜂窝状的结构或者通过调节面料组织结构和开孔率，从而调节阳光穿透率来实现。这些方法主要是通过改变面料表面结构，减少太阳光入射量来达到隔热，没有主动提高反射的热能和减少进入的热能，因而隔热效果欠佳。并且如开孔率过低，将失去遮阳面料透光透景、通风、装饰休闲等居住性改进功能。二是通过控制面料两面的颜色深浅程度，将浅色朝外以期得到隔热效果，深色向里达到控制眩光。但这种方法隔热效果有限，且制备工艺繁琐。三是在面料表面涂覆反射隔热涂料(具有反射功能的一些铬黑、铁红等无机颜料)以达到反射隔热的目的，如中国专利(公开号：CN105569531A、CN207041396U)都是在窗帘面料表面涂覆一层反射隔热涂料层。该方法制得的面料具有一定的隔热反射效果，但容易引起环保的问题，且制备成本较高，隔热反射层在面料表面，在加工、包装、使用等环节由于表面接触摩擦易使表面遭到破坏，从而影响其性能和外观。另外，由于传统的 反射隔热涂料很难与遮阳材料基材(聚酯或者PVC材料)相容，在长时间使用或放置后，这种通过表面处理得到的反射隔热功能会逐渐减弱。
遮阳面料的阻燃性能主要由纤维线表层的高分子复合材料来决定。以PVC复合材料为例，为满足高阻燃的要求，PVC复合材料中需添加大量的阻燃剂(传统的如氢氧化物、氧化锑、磷氮类等)。添加的阻燃剂通常都不能很好的与PVC树脂相容，且大量阻燃剂的的加入不仅会使PVC复合材料的加工流动性能大大降低，还会严重影响纤维线表面的规整光滑度，进而影响遮阳面料的手感和外观。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提出了一种高隔热阻燃纤维线，其表层的PVC复合材料具有高反射隔热和阻燃性能，使用该纤维线制备遮阳面料，可在不改变面料外观结构的基础上实现其高隔热和阻燃性能。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：
一种高隔热阻燃纤维线，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线包括作为内芯的聚酯纤维和包覆在聚酯纤维表面的高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层，所述高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层由高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料通过浸渍和加热塑化成型工艺包覆在聚酯纤维表面。
作为优选，所述高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料包括以下重量份数的组分：
PVC糊树脂80-90份，PVC掺混树脂10-20份，稳定剂3～6份，增塑剂55～95份，阻燃剂17～34份，隔热剂5～8份，相容改性剂5～10份，粘结剂5～8份，降黏剂5～12份，其它助剂0.6～1份。
作为优选，所述PVC糊树脂的平均粒径为0.2μm～2μm，K值为67～76。
进一步优选，所述PVC糊树脂可选用的牌号包括：沈阳化工PSH-10、沈阳化工PSM-31、天津化工P-440、上海氯碱化工股份有限公司62GP、Solvay公司SOLVIN367NC或Solvay公司373ND。
作为优选，所述PVC掺混树脂的平均粒径在20μm～60μm，K值为57～75。
进一步优选，所述PVC掺混树脂可选用的牌号包括：德国VINNOLIT公司C65V和C100V、韩国LG化学公司LB110或上海氯碱化工SB100。
PVC掺混树脂的粒子结构紧密、呈球形，外表光滑，粒度分布窄，吸收增塑剂能量小，与增塑剂具有一定的亲和性。相比于普通PVC糊树脂粒子的粒径(0.2μm～2μm)，PVC掺混树脂粒子的粒径比较大，在20μm～60μm之间，PVC掺混树脂加入PVC糊树脂后，PVC掺混树脂粒子之间的空隙被充填，堆积变得致密，粒子表面较光滑，孔隙率低，表面积小。因此本发明在普通PVC树脂加入一定量的PVC掺混树脂，能够降低糊状复合材料的黏度，提高其加工性能，减少浸渍制备纤维线过程中表面气泡的产生；还能减少纤维线表面光泽度，使其形貌均匀，减少对视觉产生的刺激，避免产生感官压抑及眩晕感。
作为优选，所述稳定剂为液体钙锌复合稳定剂。
作为优选，所述增塑剂包括35～55份第一增塑剂和20～40份第二增塑剂，所述第一增塑剂包括对苯二甲酸二辛酯、己二酸二异辛酯、癸二酸二辛酯、柠檬酸三正丁脂、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、环氧硬脂酸丁酯、偏苯三酸三辛酯中的一种或多种，所述第二增塑剂为阻燃增塑剂，包括磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸甲苯二苯酯、磷酸二苯基2-辛酯、磷酸三(2-辛基)酯中的一种或多种。
本发明在制备PVC糊状复合材料的过程中，在PVC糊树脂中加入有大量的增 塑剂，以保证糊状复合材料具有较低的黏度和良好的流动加工性能，使得后续浸渍工艺能够得以顺利进行。增塑剂的增塑分子能插入到PVC分子链之间，增加PVC分子链的移动性、降低PVC分子链的结晶度，从而使PVC的塑性增加、柔韧性增强以改善PVC加工性能。
PVC糊树脂本身具有一定的阻燃性能，其含氯量达56％，氧指数为45％，在一定程度上具有阻燃效果。但是大量普通增塑剂(即第一增塑剂)的加入，使PVC复合材料的阻燃性能大大下降，因此本发明使用阻燃型增塑剂代替部分常规增塑剂，阻燃增塑剂分子中含有磷酸类具有阻燃特性的基团，能够赋予阻燃增塑剂一定的阻燃特性，从而减少增塑剂对复合材料阻燃性能的影响。
作为优选，所述阻燃剂包括6～12份溴系阻燃剂、5～10份三氧化二锑和6～12份阻燃协效剂；所述溴系阻燃剂包括三溴苯酚类阻燃剂、溴代邻苯二甲酸酐类阻燃剂、六溴环十二烷、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异三聚氰酸酯、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或多种，所述阻燃协效剂为质量比为(1～1.2):1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉的混合物。
进一步优选，所述三溴苯酚类阻燃剂包括1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷、1,2-双(五溴苯氧基)乙烷，所述溴代邻苯二甲酸酐类阻燃剂包括1,2-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)乙烷。
现有技术中可作为PVC阻燃剂的物质众多，然而并非所有物质之间都有相互促进作用，如配伍不合理，不同阻燃剂混合后甚至会产生相互抵消的作用。由于无机阻燃剂的加入会增大PVC糊状复合材料的黏度和流动性，为了得到具有较低黏度和良好加工流动性的PVC糊状复合材料，使浸渍工艺能够得以顺利进行，除了要加入大量会影响阻燃性能的增塑剂外，还需要控制无机阻燃剂的添加比例，同时为了保证阻燃效果，就要求阻燃剂能够以较低的加入量达到较高的阻燃效果。
为了达到上述目的，本发明选取溴系阻燃剂和三氧化二锑作为主阻燃剂原料，同时使用硼酸锌和硅酮粉为阻燃协效剂，三者具有促进协效作用，能够有效保证在较低添加量下具有较好的阻燃效果。
其中，溴系阻燃剂具有很好的自由基捕获性能，能够捕获燃烧过程中产生的自由基，从而阻止火焰的传播，使燃烧区的火焰密度下降，最终使燃烧反应终止。三氧化二锑在溴系阻燃剂和PVC卤化物燃烧分解放出氢卤酸或卤素的同时与之反应产生三卤化锑或卤化锑酰，这些锑化合物能减少可燃物与氧气的接触，生成炭覆盖层，从而达到阻燃的目的。
硼酸锌在高温下分解后与PVC、含溴阻燃剂协效生成三氧化二硼、ZnCl 2、ZnBr 2，覆盖在复合材料表面形成一层玻璃状物质，起到抑制余辉的作用。分解产生的ZnCl 2是路易斯酸，能作为Friedel-Crafts烷基化活性催化剂，促使PVC在较短的时间交联成炭，从而能提高成炭量、降低成烟量、阻止燃烧继续进行。硼酸锌在高温下还具有吸热脱水作用，能起到冷却阻燃的作用。
硅酮树脂粉能增加燃烧过程中的成碳量，硅酮树脂粉在高温下与硼酸锌分解产物共同形成玻璃态硅、硼化合物，这些化合物使有机物燃烧后生成的炭覆盖层具有更高的耐热性和阻隔性，从而提高了炭覆盖层的阻燃效果。
本发明的阻燃剂通过凝聚相阻燃机理、自由基捕获机理、冷却阻隔机理和阻燃剂各组分之间的协同作用机理实现较好的阻燃效果，使本发明的阻燃剂在低加入量的情况下也能大大提高PVC的阻燃性。
作为优选，所述隔热剂包括4～6份红外反射隔热剂和1～2份空心玻璃微珠；所 述红外反射隔热剂为质量比为(0.5～1):(0.5～1):(1～1.5):(0.5～1.2)的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物；所述空心微珠的粒径范围为100μm～200μm。
进一步优选，所述红外反射隔热剂中各组分为等质量比时效果最佳。
本发明使用红外反射隔热剂和空心玻璃微珠共同实现反射隔热效果。其中红外反射隔热剂通过几种组分的协同作用能将太阳光中对视觉没有贡献但对能量贡献近一半的近红外光有效阻隔。空心玻璃微珠具有良好的反射性和辐射性，其表面光洁、微粒大小均匀，导热系数低，对太阳热反射率高，热屏障性好。
纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟和纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡对500nm～800nm波长的可见光有良好的透过性，但对1250nm～1800nm的红外光有极强的反射能力；纳米级铁铬复合氧化物对1100nm～2300nm的红外光有良好的反射能力，可以弥补纳米铟/锑锡金属氧化物对1800nm以上红外光反射能力不足的缺陷；纳米级钨酸铯在近红外区域800nm～1100nm具有极强吸收特性，在可见光区域380nm～780nm具有较强透过特性，在紫外光区域200nm～380nm也具有较强屏蔽特性，不但具有良好隔热性能，还对复合材料的抗紫外老化有益。本发明通过红外反射隔热剂各组分的合理配伍，使得复合材料对整个近红外光区域都有良好的反射隔热效果。
作为优选，所述高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料的制备方法为：
将红外反射隔热剂制成红外反射隔热剂预分散体后，与PVC树脂、稳定剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、相容改性剂、降黏剂、其它助剂混合搅拌均匀，然后研磨，之后在搅拌的同时加入粘结剂和空心玻璃微珠，继续搅拌，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
作为优选，所述红外反射隔热剂预分散体的制备方法为：将红外反射隔热剂加入到一定量的增塑剂中，然后加入分散剂，搅拌均匀即制得红外反射隔热剂预分散体。
作为优选，所述红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为30％～35％，分散剂的质量百分比为0.5％～1％。加入分散剂后在300rpm～500rpm转速下搅拌1.5h～2.5h使搅拌均匀，即制得红外反射隔热剂预分散体。
进一步优选，所述分散剂可选用BYK-110、BYK-111、BYK-161中的一种。
作为优选，所述研磨为在三滚研磨机上研磨2～3次。
作为优选，所述继续搅拌为200rpm～400rpm转速下继续搅拌20min～40min。
本发明将红外反射隔热物质在增塑剂中制备成为预分散体，充分润湿分散后能使红外反射隔热物质在PVC复合材料中更好的分散性，能更大程度的发挥其反射隔热效果。
作为优选，所述相容改性剂为氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂，所述氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂是氯乙烯(VC)与醋酸乙烯(VAC)单体进行共聚制得的聚合物，俗称氯醋共聚树脂或氯醋树脂。
本发明在PVC复合材料中添加氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂作为相容改性剂，使阻燃剂和红外反射隔热剂这些无机添加剂成份能很好地与PVC树脂相容，充分发挥阻燃剂的阻燃协效作用和红外反射隔热剂的隔热性能。氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂与PVC树脂相容性良好，能改善其柔顺性、韧性、硬度和加工流动性能，其含有的醋酸乙烯极性基团与无机添加剂具有化学耦合作用，从而对基体PVC树脂和各种无机添加剂起到相容作用，使复合材料体系更加均匀合理。
作为优选，所述粘结剂为聚异氰脲酸酯类物质。
进一步优选，所述粘结剂可选用的牌号包括：Bonding Agent2001、Bonding Agent2005、T839、Vulcabond TP、Vulcabond VP中的至少一种。
聚酯纤维表面光滑，且熔点较高，在PVC糊状复合材料的塑化温度下仍然保持塑性的状态，PVC糊状复合材在塑化、冷却后与聚酯纤维表面仅有物理吸附力，粘接力较差，会影响纤维线的使用性能。本发明优选聚异氰脲酸酯类物质作为粘结剂加入到PVC糊状复合材料中，聚异氰脲酸酯类物质具有丰富的活性官能团，能与聚酯纤维表面的羟基反应形成化学键，从而使PVC复合材料层与聚酯纤维之间有着良好的结合力，有效提高了PVC层与聚酯纤维的粘接性。
作为优选，所述降黏剂为2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯。
本发明的PVC糊状复合材料中添加有阻燃剂、隔热剂等无机组分以及相容改性剂、粘接剂等组分，会增加PVC糊状复合材料体系的黏度。而PVC糊状复合材料体系的黏度是影响其浸渍纤维制备纤维线的主要加工性能指标，黏度过高，浸渍工艺无法完成，黏度过低则会影响纤维线表面复合材料包覆量，进而影响最后成品面料的功能特性。因此，本发明在PVC糊状复合材料中加入5-12份降黏剂以调节体系黏度。
本发明采用2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯作为降黏剂，不仅能降低复合材料体系黏度，还能对PVC树脂起到增塑的作用，同时使纤维线表面更干爽美观，增加表层抗磨损能力，使纤维线表面不易有刮痕。
作为优选，所述其它助剂包括抗氧剂、抗紫外线剂、色粉中的一种或多种。
作为优选，按重量份数计，所述抗氧剂为0.3～0.5份，所述抗紫外线剂为0.3～0.5份。
所述抗氧剂可选用阻酚类抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的一种或两种。
优选地，可选用四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯或2,2'-硫代双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸乙酯]中的一种或几种的混合物。
作为优选，所述抗紫外线剂为二苯甲酮类抗紫外线剂。
进一步优选，所述抗紫外线剂包括2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮或4-二羟基二苯甲酮的一种或两种的混合物。
本发明在PVC糊状复合材料中添加抗氧剂和抗紫外线剂，提高PVC复合材料的耐紫外光、耐候性等性能，以保证遮阳面料的耐候、抗紫外等性能。本发明中添加的抗氧剂能有效抑制空气中的氧气对PVC复合材料的氧化分解作用，改善复合材料在有氧空气中加热后物理性能的保留。本发明中抗紫外线剂的使用能将照射至制品上的紫外线吸收从而有效抑制紫外线与PVC复合材料间的化学分解反应。色粉的使用可赋予PVC复合材料不同的颜色，可用于制备不同颜色的这样面料。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种如前所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线的制备方法，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将聚酯纤维浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成浸渍体；
S2、浸渍体通过牵引首先经过口模，然后通过热烘箱使浸渍附着在聚酯纤维表面的高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维的高隔热阻燃纤维线。
作为优选，步骤S1和S2中所述聚酯纤维的规格为200D～250D，所述口模为直 径为0.2mm～0.5mm的圆形口模，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm。
由于PVC糊状复合材料有出模膨胀效应，塑化成型后的纤维线的直径会发生变化，略大于口模直径。
作为优选，步骤S2中所述浸渍体的牵引速度为50m/min～80m/min。
作为优选，步骤S2中所述热烘箱包括前段、中段和后段，前段的温度为130℃～150℃，中段的温度为160℃～170℃，后段的温度为150℃～160℃，所述浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为1min～2min。
本发明通过将聚酯纤维浸渍到PVC糊状复合材料中，并将牵引速度控制在50m/min～80m/min，使PVC糊状复合材料充分渗透到聚酯纤维束中，并使PVC糊状复合材料中的粘结剂更好地与聚酯纤维表面结合，增加纤维与表面层PVC复合材料的结合力，从而提高纤维线质量。牵引速度过高，PVC糊状复合材料不能充分渗透到纤维束中，不仅影响聚酯纤维与表面层PVC复合材料的结合力，还会降低制得的纤维线的表面规整度，影响遮阳面料的编织和功能特性。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备原料为本发明第一目的中所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线或通过第二目的中所述的方法制成的高隔热阻燃纤维线，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料具有经线和纬线结构，所述经线结构和纬线结构之间留有空隙，其开孔率为1％～5％，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的厚度为0.40mm～0.75mm、克重为350g/m 2～500g/m 2。
遮阳面料的开孔率也是影响其隔热效果的重要因素，本发明将遮阳面料的开孔率控制在1％～5％，不仅使遮阳面料的透气性能增加，还能保证遮阳面料具有一定的透光性，一部分光线可以通过遮阳面料上的细小空隙穿过，可以通过调整面料空隙的大小控制光线的通透率，从而做到遮阳的可控性。若开孔率过低，将失去阳光面料的透光透景、通风、装饰休闲等居住性改进功能。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
本发明第一目的中所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线或通过第二目的中所述的方法制成的高隔热阻燃纤维线为原料编织为面料，然后将面料进行热定型处理，即制得高隔热阻燃遮阳面料。
作为优选，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述热定型处理为将编织好的面料在500N～800N的经向张力和400N～600N的纬向张力作用下进行热定型处理，所述热定型处理的温度为115℃～130℃，时间为4min～8min。
进一步优选，所述热定型处理在热烘房中进行。
本发明在编织后通过热定型处理能够防止面料纤维线移位，使纤维线之间能够牢固的结合，防止面料变形，并通过在遮阳面料编织和热定型时通过控制张力来控制最后面料的开孔率。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、本发明通过合理配伍PVC糊状复合材料的原料组分，使制得的纤维线内芯与表层结合紧密，并具有良好的隔热和阻燃性能。
2、使用本发明制得的纤维线编织制备的遮阳面料具有良好的隔热和阻燃效果，其指数可达31(测试料准：GB/T5454-1997)，能更好的应用于高隔热、高阻燃等领域，扩大了遮阳面料的适用范围，使其更适合于家庭、卫生、办公、大型公共场所 等领域使用。
3、本发明制得的遮阳面料耐热、耐候、抗紫外线性能优良，不含邻苯二甲酸，是一种环保的新型建筑节能遮阳复合材料，其手感细致爽滑、表面清爽平整、透气性好。
说明书附图
图1为本发明制备的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的结构平面图；
图2为图1纬向的投影视图；
图3为图1经向的投影视图；
图4为图1中本发明制得的高隔热阻燃纤维线的截面剖视图；
图中，1为高隔热阻燃遮阳面料，11、12为高隔热阻燃纤维线，111为高隔热阻燃纤维线外层的高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料包覆层，112为纤维线内芯聚酯纤维。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下：
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体
将5.25份红外反射隔热剂(质量比为1:1:1:1的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物)加入到9.66份增塑剂对苯二甲酸二辛酯中，然后加入0.09份BYK-110分散剂，在400rpm的转速下搅拌2h制得15份红外反射隔热剂预分散体。红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为35％，BYK-110分散剂的质量百分比为0.6％；
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂85份、PVC掺混树脂15份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂3.5份、第一增塑剂38份、第二增塑剂25份、溴系阻燃剂8份、三氧化二锑8份、阻燃协效剂8份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体15份、相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂7份、降黏剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯7份、抗氧剂0.4份、抗紫外线剂0.4份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用沈阳化工的PSM-31；PVC掺混树脂采用德国VINNOLIT公司的C65V；第一增塑剂选用对苯二甲酸二辛酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸三苯酯；溴系阻燃剂选用十溴二苯乙烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂选用四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯；抗紫外线剂选用2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入5份粘结剂(粘结剂采用Bonding Agent2001)和1.5份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在300rpm的转速下继续搅拌30min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
选择220D的聚酯纤维，将其浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成浸渍体；将浸渍体通过牵引首先经过直径为0.3mm的圆形口模，然后通过热烘箱使高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料在聚酯纤维表面塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃 PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维、直径为0.35mm的高隔热阻燃纤维线；浸渍体的牵引速度为60m/min，热烘箱前段温度为130℃，中段温度为165℃，后段温度为155℃，浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为1.5min。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
用织布机将高隔热阻燃纤维线编织形成具有规则花纹的面料，经线和纬线之间留有矩形孔隙，通过织布机经纬密控制面料开孔率为2％；
将编织好的面料在700N的经向张力和500N的纬向张力作用下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，控制烘房温度为125℃，热定型时间5min。
实施例2
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体，方法与实施例1相同：
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料：
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂85份、PVC掺混树脂15份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂3.5份、第一增塑剂38份、第二增塑剂30份、溴系阻燃剂12份、三氧化二锑8份、阻燃协效剂10份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体15份、相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂7份、降黏剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯9份、抗氧剂0.4份、抗紫外线剂0.4份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用天津化工的P-440；PVC掺混树脂采用德国VINNOLIT公司C65V；第一增塑剂选用对苯二甲酸二辛酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸三苯酯；溴系阻燃剂选用十溴二苯乙烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂为四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯的混合物；抗紫外线剂选用2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入5份粘结剂(粘结剂采用T839)和1.5份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在300rpm的转速下继续搅拌30min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
与实施例1的不同之处在于，选择200D的聚酯纤维，其它与实施例1相同。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下：
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体
将5.95份红外反射隔热剂(质量比为1:1:1:1的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物)加入到10.95份增塑剂对苯二甲酸二辛酯中，然后加入0.1份BYK-110分散剂，在400rpm的转速下搅拌2h制得17份红外反射隔热剂预分散体，红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为35％，BYK-110分散剂的质量百分比为0.6％。
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂85份、PVC掺混树脂15份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂3.5份、增塑 剂38份、阻燃增塑剂30份、溴系阻燃剂12份、三氧化二锑8份、阻燃协效剂10份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体17份、相容改性剂9份、降黏剂9份、抗氧剂0.4份、抗紫外线剂0.4份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用沈阳化工的PSM-31；PVC掺混树脂采用德国VINNOLIT公司C65V；第一增塑剂选用对苯二甲酸二辛酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸三甲苯酯；溴系阻燃剂选用十溴二苯乙烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂为抗氧剂选用四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯；抗紫外线剂选用2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入5份粘结剂(粘结剂采用Bonding Agent2005)和1.7份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在300rpm的转速下继续搅拌30min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
方法与实施例1相同。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下：
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体
将4份红外反射隔热剂(质量比为1:1:1:1的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物)加入到8.41份增塑剂对苯二甲酸二辛酯中，然后加入0.09份BYK-110分散剂，在400rpm的转速下搅拌1.5h制得12.5份红外反射隔热剂预分散体。红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为32％，BYK-110分散剂的质量百分比为0.7％；
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂80份、PVC掺混树脂20份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂3份、第一增塑剂26.6份、第二增塑剂40份、溴系阻燃剂6份、三氧化二锑5份、阻燃协效剂6份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体12.5份、相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂5份、降黏剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯5份、抗氧剂0.5份、抗紫外线剂0.3份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用上海氯碱化工股份有限公司62GP；PVC掺混树脂采用德国VINNOLIT公司的C100V；第一增塑剂选用对苯二甲酸二辛酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸甲苯二苯酯；溴系阻燃剂选用六溴环十二烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯；抗紫外线剂选用2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入6份粘结剂(粘结剂采用Vulcabond TP)和1份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在400rpm的转速下继续搅拌20min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
选择210D的聚酯纤维，将其浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成浸 渍体；将浸渍体通过牵引首先经过直径为0.25mm的圆形口模，然后通过热烘箱使高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料在聚酯纤维表面塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维、直径为0.3mm的高隔热阻燃纤维线；浸渍体的牵引速度为50m/min，热烘箱前段温度为130℃，中段温度为160℃，后段温度为150℃，浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为1min。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
用织布机将高隔热阻燃纤维线编织形成具有规则花纹的面料，经线和纬线之间留有矩形孔隙，通过织布机经纬密控制面料开孔率为1.0％；
将编织好的面料在500N的经向张力和400N的纬向张力作用下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，控制烘房温度为115℃，热定型时间4min。
实施例5
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下：
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体
将5份红外反射隔热剂(质量比为1:1:1:1的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物)加入到9.16份增塑剂己二酸二异辛酯中，然后加入0.14份分散剂BYK-111，在400rpm的转速下搅拌2.5h制得14.3份红外反射隔热剂预分散体。红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为35％，BYK-111分散剂的质量百分比为1.0％；
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂83份、PVC掺混树脂17份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂5份、第一增塑剂34.8份、第二增塑剂35份、溴系阻燃剂10份、三氧化二锑7份、阻燃协效剂9份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体14.3份、相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂8份、降黏剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯8份、抗氧剂0.4份、抗紫外线剂0.4份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用Solvay司的SOLVIN367NC；PVC掺混树脂采用LG化学公司的LB110；第一增塑剂选用己二酸二异辛酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸二苯基2-辛酯；溴系阻燃剂选用1，2-双(五溴苯氧基)乙烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1.2:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯；抗紫外线剂选用2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入7份粘结剂(粘结剂采用Vulcabond VP)和1.3份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在300rpm的转速下继续搅拌30min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
选择230D的聚酯纤维，将其浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成浸渍体；将浸渍体通过牵引首先经过直径为0.4mm的圆形口模，然后通过热烘箱使高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料在聚酯纤维表面塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维、直径为0.48mm的高隔热阻燃纤维线；浸渍体的牵引速度为70m/min，热烘箱前段温度为140℃，中段温度为165℃，后段温度为155℃，浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为1.2min。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
用织布机将高隔热阻燃纤维线编织形成具有规则花纹的面料，经线和纬线之间留有矩形孔隙，通过织布机经纬密控制面料开孔率为3％；
将编织好的面料在750N的经向张力和550N的纬向张力作用下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，控制烘房温度为125℃，热定型时间6min。
实施例6
本实施例中遮阳面料的制备方法如下：
(1)制备红外反射隔热剂预分散体
将6份红外反射隔热剂(质量比为0.8:0.8:1:0.8的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物)加入到13.9份增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯中，然后加入0.1份BYK-110分散剂，在500rpm的转速下搅拌2h制得20份红外反射隔热剂预分散体。红外反射隔热剂预分散体中，红外反射隔热剂的质量百分比为30％，BYK-110分散剂的质量百分比为0.5％；
(2)制备高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料
先配置如下重量份数的原料组分：
PVC糊树脂87份、PVC掺混树脂13份、液体钙锌复合稳定剂4份、第一增塑剂41.1份、第二增塑剂20份、溴系阻燃剂11份、三氧化二锑10份、阻燃协效剂12份、红外反射隔热剂预分散体20份、相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂9份、降黏剂2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯12份、抗氧剂0.4份、抗紫外线剂0.4份；
其中，PVC糊树脂采用Solvay公司373ND；PVC掺混树脂采用上海氯碱化工SB100；第一增塑剂选用乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯；第二增塑剂选用磷酸三(2-辛基)酯；溴系阻燃剂选用十溴二苯乙烷；阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉；抗氧剂为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯；抗紫外线剂选用4-二羟基二苯甲酮；
将上述原料组分搅拌均匀，然后在三滚研磨机上研磨2次，之后在搅拌的同时加入8份粘结剂(粘结剂采用Bonding Agent2001)和2份空心玻璃微珠(粒径范围为100μm～200μm)，在200rpm的转速下继续高速搅拌40min，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
(3)制备高隔热阻燃纤维线
选择250D的聚酯纤维，将其浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成浸渍体；将浸渍体通过牵引首先经过直径为0.42mm的圆形口模，然后通过热烘箱使高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料在聚酯纤维表面塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维、直径为0.5mm的高隔热阻燃纤维线；浸渍体的牵引速度为80m/min，热烘箱前段温度为140℃，中段温度为170℃，后段温度为160℃，浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为2.0min。
(4)制备高隔热阻燃遮阳面料
用织布机将高隔热阻燃纤维线编织形成具有规则花纹的面料，经线和纬线之间留有矩形孔隙，通过织布机经纬密控制面料开孔率为4.0％；
将编织好的面料在800N的经向张力和600N的纬向张力作用下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，控制烘房温度为130℃，热定型时间8min。
对比例1
与实施例3的不同之处在于，未添加阻燃协效剂，其它与实施例3相同。
对比例2
与实施例2的不同之处在于，未添加红外反射隔热剂，其它与实施例2相同。
对比例3
与实施例3的不同之处在于，未添加相容改性剂，其它与实施例3相同。
对比例4
与实施例3的不同之处在于，所添加的阻燃协效剂为质量比为1:1的氢氧化镁和硅酮粉，其它与实施例3相同。
对比例5
与实施例3的不同之处在于，未添加降黏剂，其它与实施例3相同。
对比例6
与实施例1的不同之处在于，未添加粘结剂，面料在800N的经向张力和600N的纬向张力作用下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，其它与实施例1相同
本发明实施例1-6及对比例1-5中制得的遮阳面料的主要理化性能如表1所示。
表1：实施例1-6及对比例1-5中制得的遮阳面料理化性能
Figure PCTCN2019114577-appb-000001
注：氧指数测试标准：GB/T5454-1997；色牢度测试标准：GB/T8427-2008；传热系数测试标准：GB/T8484-2008，传热系数越小，面料的隔热性能越好。
由表1可知，本发明所制备的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料耐候性能良好，具有较高的阻燃性能和隔热性能。由对比例1和实施例1-3可知，本发明制得的高隔热阻燃纤维线的包覆层PVC复合材料配方中阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂和相容改性剂的协效作用明显，不加阻燃协效剂和相容剂，其阻燃效果会大大降低，阻燃协效剂和阻燃剂的量在配方中加大，体系的阻燃效果增加。硼酸锌和硅酮粉构成的阻燃协效剂在本复合材料中表现出明显的阻燃协同作用，若在本发明复合材料中换用其它具有阻燃特性的组分作为阻燃协效剂，则阻燃效果明显降低，见对比例4和实施例3。另外由对比例3可知，包覆层PVC复合材料配方中若无相容改性剂，阻燃剂、反射隔热成份与PVC基体树脂的相容性明显下降，其协效阻燃和反射隔热性能无法充分发挥，影响最终材料的隔热和阻燃性能。由对比例2可知，PVC复合材料配方中不加红外反射隔热剂和空心玻璃微珠，遮阳面料的隔热性能明显下降。由对比例5可知，降黏剂 对调节本发明PVC糊状复合材料的黏度以改善其流动加工性能至关重要，不加降黏剂的条件下，PVC糊状复合材料的黏度较大，无法完成浸渍制备纤维线的工艺。由对比例6可知，PVC复合材料配方中不加粘接剂的情况下，纱线包覆层和中间涤纶丝容易剥离，纱线质量欠佳，对成品面料的隔热阻燃性能影响不大。另外由对比例6和实施例1可知，热定型工艺不仅能改善面料纱线之间的牢度，还能影响最后面料的开孔率、厚度和克重，热定型过程中张力加大，会导致纱线之间空隙加大，面料的开孔率增加。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线包括作为内芯的聚酯纤维和包覆在聚酯纤维表面的高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层，所述高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料层由高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料通过浸渍和加热塑化工艺包覆在聚酯纤维表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料包括以下重量份数的组分：
    PVC糊树脂 80～90份，
    PVC掺混树脂 10～20份，
    稳定剂 3～6份，
    增塑剂 55～95份，
    阻燃剂 17～34份，
    隔热剂 5～8份，
    相容改性剂 5～10份，
    粘结剂 5～8份，
    降黏剂 5～12份，
    其它助剂 0.6～1份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述增塑剂包括35～55份第一增塑剂和20～40份第二增塑剂，所述第一增塑剂包括对苯二甲酸二辛酯、己二酸二异辛酯、癸二酸二辛酯、柠檬酸三正丁脂、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、环氧硬脂酸丁酯、偏苯三酸三辛酯中的一种或多种，所述第二增塑剂为阻燃增塑剂，包括磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸甲苯二苯酯、磷酸二苯基2-辛酯、磷酸三(2-辛基)酯中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂包括6～12份溴系阻燃剂、5～10份三氧化二锑和6～12份阻燃协效剂；所述溴系阻燃剂包括三溴苯酚类阻燃剂、溴代邻苯二甲酸酐类阻燃剂、六溴环十二烷、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异三聚氰酸酯、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或多种；所述阻燃协效剂为质量比为(1～1.2):1的硼酸锌和硅酮粉的混合物。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述隔热剂包括4～6份红外反射隔热剂和1～2份空心玻璃微珠；所述红外反射隔热剂为质量比为(0.5～1):(0.5～1):(1～1.5):(0.5～1.2)的纳米级锡掺杂氧化铟、纳米级锑掺杂氧化锡、纳米级钨酸铯和纳米级铁铬复合氧化物的混合物；所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径范围为100μm～200μm。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，所述的相容改性剂氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂；所述的粘结剂为聚异氰脲酸酯类物质；所述的降黏剂为2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料的制备方法为：
    将红外反射隔热剂制成红外反射隔热剂预分散体后，与PVC树脂、稳定剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、相容改性剂、降黏剂、其它助剂混合搅拌均匀，然后研磨，之后在搅拌的同时加入粘结剂和空心玻璃微珠，继续搅拌，即制得高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料。
  8. 一种如权利要求1所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    S1、将聚酯纤维浸渍到高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料中，形成高隔热阻燃纤维线预制体；
    S2、将高隔热阻燃纤维线预制体通过牵引首先经过口模，然后通过热烘箱使浸渍附着在聚酯纤维表面的高隔热阻燃PVC糊状复合材料塑化成型，即得到表层为高隔热阻燃PVC复合材料、内芯为聚酯纤维的高隔热阻燃纤维线。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述高隔热阻燃纤维线预制体的牵引速度为50m/min～80m/min，烘箱包括前段、中段和后段，前段的温度为130℃～150℃，中段的温度为160℃～170℃，后段的温度为150℃～160℃，所述浸渍体在热烘箱中停留时间为1min～2min。
  10. 一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料 的制备原料为权利要求1所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料具有经线和纬线结构，所述经线结构和纬线结构之间留有空隙，其开孔率为1％～5％，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的厚度为0.40mm～0.75mm、克重为350g/m 2～500g/m 2。
  11. 一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备原料为通过权利要求8所述的方法制成的高隔热阻燃纤维线，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料具有经线和纬线结构，所述经线结构和纬线结构之间留有空隙，其开孔率为1％～5％，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的厚度为0.40mm～0.75mm、克重为350g/m 2～500g/m 2。
  12. 一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    以权利要求1所述的高隔热阻燃纤维线为原料编织为面料，然后将面料进行热定型处理，即制得高隔热阻燃遮阳面料。
  13. 一种高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    以通过权利要求8所述的方法制成的高隔热阻燃纤维线为原料编织为面料，然后将面料进行热定型处理，即制得高隔热阻燃遮阳面料。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述热定型处理为将编织好的面料在500N～800N的经向张力和400N～600N的纬向张力作用下进行热定型处理，所述热定型处理的温度为115℃～130℃，时间为4min～8min。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的高隔热阻燃遮阳面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高隔热阻燃纤维线的直径为0.3mm～0.5mm，所述热定型处理为将编织好的面料在500N～800N的经向张力和400N～600N的纬向张力作用下进行热定型处理，所述热定型处理的温度为115℃～130℃，时间为4min～8min。
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