CN113767194A - 一种具有静电吸附pm2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、滤网以及遮阳系统 - Google Patents

一种具有静电吸附pm2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、滤网以及遮阳系统 Download PDF

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CN113767194A
CN113767194A CN202180002377.9A CN202180002377A CN113767194A CN 113767194 A CN113767194 A CN 113767194A CN 202180002377 A CN202180002377 A CN 202180002377A CN 113767194 A CN113767194 A CN 113767194A
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conductive
parts
dust collector
electrostatic dust
filter screen
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熊圣东
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Ningbo Xianfeng New Material Co Ltd
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Ningbo Xianfeng New Material Co Ltd
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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、滤网以遮阳系统。所述导电包覆线从里到外依次包括纤维层、导电聚氯乙烯层以及静电吸尘剂层，静电吸尘剂层由静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层表面加热固化而成，静电吸尘剂溶液按重量份数计包括如下组分：静电吸尘剂8～12份、氯乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚树脂10～15份、分散剂0.1～0.2份、醋酸丁酯50‑70份。所述导电包覆线可制成导电编织面料，并应用在滤网、遮阳系统中。

Description

一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面 料、滤网以及遮阳系统
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料及日用品技术领域，涉及一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、滤网以遮阳系统。
背景技术
颗粒物按其空气动力学直径及其在人体呼吸系统沉积位置的不同，分为总悬浮颗粒物(0～100μm)、可吸入颗粒物(0～19μm)。PM2.5是空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5微米的颗粒物的总称，是一种可吸入颗粒物，它能长时间滞留在大气中，输送距离远，粒径小，比表面积大，极易富集空气中的毒害物质，如各类酸性氧化物、有毒重金属、细菌、霉菌、病菌、挥发性有机物VOC、多环芳烃PHA等。并且由于其空气动力学直径≤2.5μm，它不仅可以进入鼻腔咽喉更是可以进入肺泡沉积或人体血液循环，引发各种疾病。
PM2.5的危害是多方面的，多领域的，是不能被忽视的。现今，PM2.5是可吸入颗粒物研究中的热点，早在1997年，美国国家环保局EPA就已经认识到了PM 2.5的危害，颁布了PM 2.5的空气质量标准。
随着我国于2012年将PM2.5写入“国标”，并出台多个条令治理空气污染。人们对PM2.5也逐渐了解，居住环境中的PM2.5也成了居民比较关注的话题。
窗户是外界气体及粉尘颗粒进入到房间的主要通道。在空气质量较差，灰霾、雾霾等天气没有得到明显改善的情况下，若能在遮阳窗户系统中减少或者阻挡那些对人体有害的粉尘颗粒进入，将是室内人们远离PM2.5的一种最直接有效的措施。这种既能保障遮阳、通风、透气，又能阻挡并吸附PM2.5颗粒的遮阳系统是未来遮阳窗户发展的一个重要方向。目前传统的遮阳窗户系统主要着重于遮阳窗户的抗风、遮阳、外观、隔热等，对于具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒的遮阳系统则少有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提出了一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线，用该导电包覆线编织成的导电编织面料不仅具有遮阳、通风透气等性能，同时还具有吸附PM2.5等颗粒的特性。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线，所述导电包覆线从里到外依次包括纤维层、导电聚氯乙烯层以及静电吸尘剂层，所述静电吸尘剂层由静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层表面后加热固化而成，按重量份数计，静电吸尘剂溶液包括如下组分：静电吸尘剂8～12份、氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂10～15份、分散剂0.1～0.2份、醋酸丁酯50-70份。
在上述的导电包覆线中，所述的导电包覆线的直径为0.20mm～0.35mm。
在上述的导电包覆线中，所述的纤维为涤纶纤维、玻璃纤维、晴纶纤维、丙纶纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维、聚乙烯纤维中的一种或多种，纤维规格为100～300D的长纤维，单丝断裂强力大于10N。
在上述的导电包覆线中，所述的静电吸尘剂为硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的混合物。
作为优选，静电吸尘剂中硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁按质量百分比计分别占混合物总质量的15-30％、15-30％、15-30％、15-30％。当硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的质量相同时效果最佳。因此，再进一步优选，所述静电吸尘剂中硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的质量比均为25％。
本发明所用无机静电吸尘剂本身与高分子树脂材料相容性较差，难以与包覆线中的导电聚氯乙烯复合材料层有较好的相容性。本发明通过在静电吸尘剂溶液中引入氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂，它与本发明所使用的静电吸尘剂(硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁)具有良好的相容耦合作用，同时与导电聚氯乙烯复合材料层也具有良好的相容性，使得静电吸尘剂涂层能与中间导电聚氯乙烯复合材料层较好地融合为一体，解决了静电吸尘剂涂层与高分子树脂基材的导电包覆线相容性差、静电功效随时间逐渐减弱的问题，从而使得本发明的导电包覆线有长时间的静电吸附功效。
在上述的导电包覆线中，所述的分散剂可选用BYK-110、BYK-111、BYK-161中的一种。分散剂能使静电吸尘剂更好的均匀分散在基体树脂中，便于在包覆线表面形成一个均匀、光滑的涂膜。
在上述的导电包覆线中，导电聚氯乙烯材料按重量份数计包括以下组分：聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)70份、氯化聚乙烯25～35份、稳定剂3～5份、增塑剂25～35份、阻燃剂5～8份、导电填料6～10份、改性树脂10～15份、润滑剂0.2～0.4份、其它助剂0.6～1份。
作为优选，所述的导电填料为镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管的按质量比1:(0.2～0.6)：(0.05～0.1)混合的混合物。进一步优选，所述的导电填料为镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管按质量比1:(0.2～0.4)：(0.05～0.08)混合的混合物。更进一步优选，所述的导电填料中镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管的质量比为1：0.3：0.07。导电聚氯乙烯材料中采用镀银纳米石墨微片作为主要导电填料，石墨比重小，同等体积下可使用较少的添加量，其本身化学稳定性也比较高；镍包铜粉不仅具有良好的导电特性还具有优良的电磁屏蔽性能，配合镀银纳米石墨微片在本发明中具有良好的导电特性。单臂碳纳米管是对镀银纳米石墨微片导电性的补充，其具有超高的导电特性和良好的机械、力学等性能。在形成复合材料时，由于镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉和单臂碳纳米管与基体树脂的晶体结构不一样，所以镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉和单臂碳纳米管作为导电粒子只能停留镶嵌在基体中结构比较疏松的晶界上。当镶嵌在晶界上的导电粒子相互接触或间隙很小时，导电填料粒子的势垒不断降低，就形成电逾渗网络，在高阻相中会形成一部分导电能力很强的导电通道，从而实现导电功能。作为主导电粒子的镀银纳米石墨微片，微观上是一种纳米级的片状结构，该结构有利于其在聚合物内形成导电通路，能大为降低复合材料体系的导电逾渗阈值，从而实现低导电填料添加且能获得高导电的特性。镀银后的纳米石墨微片作为主导电粒子，不同导电粒子之间为欧姆接触，接触面上没有势垒，减小了电子在迁移过程中受到的阻力，从而提高了电子在复合材料中的迁移速率即提高了复合材料的导电性能。但当导电填料在本发明的PVC复合材料中的重量份达到10份左右的时候，复合材料的电导率达到一定数值，且不再随导电填料用量的增加而发生明显变化，因此将导电填料用量控制在6～10份。镀银纳米石墨微片和单臂碳纳米管的加入不仅能提高复合材料的导电性，更能起到补强的作用，使得复合材料的力学性能得到提高。
作为优选，所述镍包铜粉中镍的质量含量为10～35％。进一步优选，所述镍包铜粉中镍的质量含量为15～30％。
所述的改性树脂可以为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂中的一种或多种。当改性树脂为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的混合物时，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的质量比为1：(0.5～1.6)。乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂是由乙烯和醋酸乙烯共聚而成；氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂是氯乙烯(VC)与醋酸乙烯(VAC)单体进行共聚制得的聚合物。两种共聚树脂都具有极性和非极性基团，且与聚氯乙烯树脂相容性良好，其含有的醋酸乙烯极性基团能与本发明的导电填料和三氧化二锑等无机添加剂具有化学耦合作用，从而对基体PVC树脂和各种无机添加剂起到相容作用，能提高复合材料的柔顺性、韧性和加工流动性能，使复合材料体系更加均匀合理。另外，乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的醋酸乙烯基团具有良好的自粘特性，使得本发明的聚氯乙烯复合材料具有良好的热粘接特性，在制成如包覆线编织面料以后经过热定型处理，可以提高结构的平整和牢固。
作为优选，所述的改性树脂为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂与氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂按质量比1:1混合的混合物。
所述的稳定剂可以为任意聚氯乙烯用热稳定剂，如钙锌复合稳定剂。
所述的增塑剂可以选自对苯二甲酸二辛酯、己二酸二异辛酯、癸二酸二辛酯、柠檬酸三正丁脂、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、环氧硬脂酸丁酯、偏苯三酸三辛酯中的任意一种或多种。在导电聚氯乙烯材料加入一定量的增塑剂，增塑剂的分子能插入到PVC分子链之间，增加PVC分子链的移动性、降低PVC分子链的结晶度，从而使PVC的塑性和柔韧性增加。增塑剂配合氯化高密度聚乙烯一起使用，能显著提高PVC的流动加工性能，通过加热熔融塑化能在单束纤维表面均匀的形成包覆层。
所述的阻燃剂为三氧化二锑。三氧化二锑本身并没有阻燃效果，但在卤化物存在的情况下会显示出协同效应。聚氯乙烯树脂和氯化高密度聚乙烯树脂中的氯元素会反应生成高浓度的氢氯酸或游离氯，这些氢氯酸和游离氯会与三氧化二锑反应产生三氯化锑或五氯化锑类的氯化锑酰物质，这些锑化合物能减少可燃物与氧气接触，使炭覆盖层生成，其在气态时还可以捕捉燃烧过程的自由基，从而实现低阻燃剂添加量达到高阻燃的目的，赋予最终编织面料良好的阻燃特性和力学性能。
所述的润滑剂可以为任意润滑剂，如选用乙撑双硬脂酰胺或氧化聚乙烯蜡。
本发明还提供一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能导电包覆线的制备方法，所述方法包括：称取8～12份静电吸尘剂、10～15份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.1～0.2份分散剂、50-70份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5～2小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。将导电聚氯乙烯材料涂覆到纤维表面，再将静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层后加热固化得导电包覆线。
本发明还提供一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能导电编织面料，所述的导电编织面料由上述的导电包覆线经编织而成。所述的导电编织面料具有经线和纬线结构，所述经线结构和纬线结构之间留有长方形或者正方形的空隙，其开孔率为10％～15％。
本发明将开孔率设置在上述范围内，该空隙不仅使面料具有良好的透气性能，还能使其具有一定的透光性，一部分光线可以通过复合材料上的细孔穿过，可以通过调整材料空隙的大小控制光线的通透率，从而做到遮阳的可控性。
本发明还提供一种上述导电编织面料的制备方法，所述的制备方法包括将导电包覆线先编织，然后在有张力的条件下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，得到具有经线纬线的导电编织面料。
作为优选，所述热定型处理时，热烘房的温度为90℃～135℃，热定型时间为4min～8min，经向张力为500N～1300N，纬向张力为400N～900N。热定型处理后，包覆线交叉处轻度粘接，能够防止导电包覆线移位，使得包覆线之间能够牢固的结合，防止面料变形。
本发明还提供一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的滤网，所述的滤网由上述具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电编织面料制成。
本发明还提供一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的遮阳系统，所述遮阳系统包括上述具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的滤网。
作为优选，所述遮阳系统包括左滤网、右滤网，及直流电源，左滤网和右滤网分别通过导线连接直流电源的正极和负极。
进一步优选，所述直流电源在工作时提供50V～220V的电压。
进一步优选，所述左滤网的左侧和右滤网的右侧分别设有自动收卷装置。
更进一步优选，所述自动收卷装置包括卷帘管，卷帘管上设有出布口，卷帘管内部设有卷布轴，所述左滤网的左侧端部和右滤网的右侧端部分别连接在卷布轴上。
更进一步优选，所述卷帘管上还设置有步进电机，所述步进电机与卷布轴连接。
更进一步优选，所述左滤网的右侧端部和右滤网的左侧端部分别设置有条形绝缘片，所述左滤网和右滤网的上下端部分别设置有导轨。
本发明中左滤网、右滤网和直流电源组成一个静电吸附系统，左滤网、右滤网成为两个静电吸附电极，通电后在工作状态下左滤网和右滤网分别带正电荷和负电荷。当不带静电的物体(PM2.5及其它不带电的细小颗粒)靠近该带有静电的编织面料滤网时，由于静电感应，没有静电的物体内部靠近带静电物体的一侧会集聚与带电物体所携带电荷相反极性的电荷(另一侧产生相同数量的同极性电荷)，由于异性电荷互相吸引，就会表现出“静电吸附”现象，PM2.5及其它不带电的细小颗粒就会由于静电感应吸附在滤网上，从而使得PM2.5及其它不带电的细小颗粒不会进入室内。
本发明的遮阳系统可通过左滤网和右滤网上下设置的一对导轨，由左右两个自动收卷装置中的步进电机自动展开和收卷。当打开电机开关电源后，左滤网和右滤网就会沿着导轨自动展开，当两绝缘片碰到时步进电机会自动关闭。
本发明的遮阳系统同时可用作一般窗帘使用，用于遮阳和通风。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.本发明的导电包覆线中间层为导电阻燃聚氯乙烯复合材料层，用该包覆线制得的导电编织面料均具有导电阻燃聚氯乙烯复合材料层，使得该编织面料力学性能优良，还拥有良好的导电、阻燃特性，便于清洗，有极好的耐候性能，使用寿命非常长。另外，导电包覆线表面含有静电吸尘剂涂层，吸尘剂利用静电原理，能有效吸附空气中的PM2.5尘埃微小颗粒。
2.本发明在包覆线表面的静电吸尘剂溶液中引入氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂，它与本发明所使用的静电吸尘剂中的硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁具有良好的相容耦合作用，同时与PVC也具有良好的相容性，使得静电吸尘剂涂层能与导电阻燃聚氯乙烯复合材料层较好地融合为一体，解决了静电吸尘剂涂层与导电阻燃聚氯乙烯复合材料基材的导电包覆线相容性差，静电功效随时间逐渐减弱的问题，从而使得本发明的编织面料具有长时间的静电吸附功效。
3.本发明的编织面料使用表面含有静电吸尘剂涂层的导电包覆线制得，静电吸尘剂涂层的静电吸附作用使得该编织面料即使在未通电的情况下也能起到一定的吸附作用，能吸附一定量的PM2.5颗粒。
4.本发明的遮阳系统使用导电编织面料制成滤网，与直流电源相连接后，编织面料具有更好好的静电吸附功能，能够有效吸附滤网周围的PM2.5颗粒以及其他粉尘，防止室外粉尘进入室内，在保障透光透景的条件下减少了室内粉尘量，提高室内空气质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明遮阳系统的结构示意图。
图1中：1、左滤网；2、卷帘管；3、步进电机；4、出布口；5、导轨；6、直流电源；7、条形绝缘片。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线。
制备导电聚氯乙烯复合材料：按重量份数称取70份聚氯乙烯树脂、30份氯化聚乙烯、4份钙锌复合稳定剂、30份对苯二甲酸二辛酯、6份阻燃剂三氧化二锑、0.3份乙撑双硬脂酰胺、0.4份抗氧剂四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯和0.4份抗紫外线剂2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，加入到高速混料机中进行混料，待温度升至110℃时，按重量份加入10份质量比为1:0.3：0.07的镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉(镍的质量含量为30％的)、单臂碳纳米管的导电填料，然后再加入13份等比例的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的混合物，在高速混料机继续混料3分钟，然后将混合后的物料加入至冷混机冷却至45℃出料，出料后冷却至室温，然后加入到双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出造粒，切粒后得到导电聚氯乙烯复合材料粒料。
制备静电吸尘剂溶液：按重量份数称取2.5份硫化钙、2.5份四氧化三铁、2.5份锡酸锌、2.5份氢氧化镁、12份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、60份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。
制备导电包覆线：将导电聚氯乙烯材料熔融涂覆到规格220D、单丝断裂强力为20±2N的涤纶纤维表面，再将静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层后加热固化得从里到外依次包括涤纶纤维层、导电聚氯乙烯层以及静电吸尘剂层的直径为0.30mm的导电包覆线，该导电包覆线具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能。
实施例2
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中按重量份加入8份质量比为1:0.3：0.07的镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉(镍的质量含量为30％的)、单臂碳纳米管的导电填料；制备的导电包覆线直径为0.28mm。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例3
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中制备静电吸尘剂溶液如下：按重量份数称取3份硫化钙、3份四氧化三铁、3份锡酸锌、3份氢氧化镁、12份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例4
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中按重量份加入10份等比例的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的混合物。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例5
具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线。
制备导电聚氯乙烯复合材料：按重量份数称取70份聚氯乙烯树脂、30份氯化聚乙烯、4份钙锌复合稳定剂、30份对苯二甲酸二辛酯、6份阻燃剂三氧化二锑、0.3份乙撑双硬脂酰胺、0.3份抗氧剂三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯和0.3份抗紫外线剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮，加入到高速混料机中进行混料，待温度升至110℃时，按重量份加入8份质量比为1:0.4：0.08的镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉(镍的质量含量为30％的)、单臂碳纳米管的导电填料，然后再加入13份等比例的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的混合物，在高速混料机继续混料3分钟，然后将混合后的物料加入至冷混机冷却至45℃出料，出料后冷却至室温，然后加入到双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出造粒，切粒后得到导电阻燃聚氯乙烯复合材料粒料。
制备静电吸尘剂溶液：按重量份数称取2份硫化钙、3份四氧化三铁、2.5份锡酸锌、2.5份氢氧化镁、13份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。
制备导电包覆线：将导电聚氯乙烯材料熔融涂覆到规格220D、单丝断裂强力为20±2N的涤纶纤维表面，再将静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层后加热固化得从里到外依次包括涤纶纤维层、导电聚氯乙烯层以及静电吸尘剂层的直径为0.30mm的导电包覆线，该导电包覆线具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能。
实施例6
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中制备静电吸尘剂溶液如下：按重量份数称取1.5份硫化钙、3份四氧化三铁、3份锡酸锌、2.5份氢氧化镁、13份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例7
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中制备静电吸尘剂溶液如下：按重量份数称取1份硫化钙、1份四氧化三铁、4份锡酸锌、4份氢氧化镁、13份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例8
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中制备静电吸尘剂溶液如下：按重量份数称取4份硫化钙、1份四氧化三铁、4份锡酸锌、1份氢氧化镁、13份氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例9
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中的导电填料为等份数的导电碳黑。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例10
该实施例与实施例2的区别仅在于，该实施例中的导电填料为4份导电石墨、2份铜粉、2份铁粉的混合物。其它与实施例2相同。
实施例11
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中，按重量份加入3份质量比为1:0.3：0.07的镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉(镍的质量含量为30％的)、单臂碳纳米管的导电填料。其它与实施例1相同。
实施例12
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中，按重量份加入8份质量比为3:3：0.7的镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉(镍的质量含量为30％的)、单臂碳纳米管的导电填料。其它与实施例1相同。
对比例1
制备导电聚氯乙烯材料：和实施例1相同。
制备导电包覆线：将导电聚氯乙烯材料熔融涂覆到规格220D、单丝断裂强力为20±2N的涤纶纤维表面，制得直径为0.30mm的包覆线。即该对比例中并没有静电吸尘剂层。
对比例2
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例中，按如下重量份数称取静电吸尘剂：1份硫化钙、1份四氧化三铁、1份锡酸锌、1份氢氧化镁。其它与实施例1相同。
对比例3
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例中，按如下重量份数称取静电吸尘剂：4份硫化钙、4份四氧化三铁、4份锡酸锌、4份氢氧化镁。其它与实施例1相同。
对比例4
该实施例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该实施例中，按如下重量份数称取静电吸尘剂：5份四氧化三铁、5份锡酸锌。其它与实施例1相同。
对比例5
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例中，制备导电聚氯乙烯复合材料中，按重量份加入5份等比例的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂的混合物；制备静电吸尘剂溶液：按重量份数称取2.5份硫化钙、2.5份四氧化三铁、2.5份锡酸锌、2.5份氢氧化镁、0.15份分散剂BYK-110、65份醋酸丁酯，加入到搅拌装置中，常温搅拌1.5小时，制备得到静电吸尘剂溶液。其它与实施例1相同。
对比例6
该对比例与实施例1的区别仅在于，该对比例中，在聚氯乙烯复合材料中并不含有导电填料，即为普通的非导电聚氯乙烯材料，其它与实施例1相同。
实施例A1-A12
分别将实施例1-12制得的导电包覆线先通过织布机捻线编织形成规则纹路、具有经线和纬线结构的编织面料，然后将编织面料在有张力的条件下放入热烘房中进行热定型处理，制得开孔率为10％的导电编织面料。热定型经向张力为1200N，纬向张力为700N，热烘房的温度为125℃，热定型处理的时间为6min。
对比例A1-A6
分别将对比例1-6中的导电包覆线通过实施例A1中的方法制成导电编织面料。
实施例B1-B12
如图1所示，本发明中具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的遮阳系统包括：
直流电源：工作时提供100V的电压；
左滤网和右滤网：分别由实施例A1-A12中导电编织面料制成左滤网和右滤网，左滤网和右滤网分别通过导线连接直流高压电源6的正极和负极；
两套自动收卷装置，分别设置在左滤网1的左侧和右滤网的右侧，每套自动收卷装置包括卷帘管2，卷帘管2上设有出布口4，卷帘管2内部设有卷布轴，左滤网1的左侧端部和右滤网的右侧端部分别连接在相应自动收卷装置的卷布轴上，卷帘管2上还设置有与卷布轴连接的步进电机3，用于驱动卷布轴实现滤网的自动收卷和展开；
两条绝缘的导轨5：分别设置在左滤网1和右滤网的上下端部；以及两个条形绝缘片7：分别设置在左滤网1的右侧端部和右滤网的左侧端部，宽5cm厚1cm。
上述具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的遮阳系统的制备方法为：将导电编织面料裁剪为尺寸大小合适的左滤网1和右滤网，将左滤网1、右滤网分别与高压直流电源6的正极和负极相连接，然后将左滤网1和右滤网分别固定在相应的自动收卷装置上。
对比例B1-B6
与实施例B1的区别仅在于，左滤网和右滤网分别由对比例A1-A6中导电编织面料制成，即对比例B1中的左滤网和右滤网由对比例A1中导电编织面料制成，对比例B2中的左滤网和右滤网由对比例A2中导电编织面料制成。
将本发明实施例1～12、对比例1～6、实施例A1～A12、对比例A1～A6、实施例B1～B12、对比例B1～B6中制得的具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、遮阳系统的性能进行比较，比较结果如表1所示。
表1：
Figure BDA0003240698320000131
Figure BDA0003240698320000141
Figure BDA0003240698320000151
注：氧指数测试标准：GB/T5454-1997；日晒色牢度测试标准：GB/T8427-2008；导电包覆线电阻(每20cm)：指未编织前导电包覆线的电阻；PM2.5吸附效率a：在无直流电源条件下，编织面料半个小时所吸附的PM2.5同编织面料质量比；PM2.5吸附效率b：在直流电源条件下，遮阳系统中编织面料半个小时所吸附的PM2.5同编织面料质量比。
从表1可以看出，本发明实施例1-12中所制备的导电包覆线电阻(每20cm)在105Ω内，具有导电特性；导电编织面料耐候性能良好，且具有良好的阻燃性能，并在无直流电源作用下具有吸附PM2.5颗粒功能；在有直流电源通电情况下，遮阳系统的PM2.5颗粒吸附功能更加明显。
从实施例可以看出，随着导电聚氯乙烯复合材料中起到主要导电特性的导电填料含量的减少，所制备的导电包覆线的电阻越大，见实施例1、2和实施例11。若聚氯乙烯复合材料中不含本发明导电填料，则所得到的复合材料不导电，实施例1和对比例6
本发明所使用的导电填料为镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管的混合物，若导电聚氯乙烯复合材料中用等份数的普通导电碳黑或者导电石墨、铜粉、铁粉的混合物代替本发明的导电填料，则所得的导电材料的导电性明显减弱，见实施例1、2和实施例9、10。
作为优选，所述的导电填料为镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管的按质量比1:(0.2～0.6)：(0.05～0.1)混合的混合物。进一步优选，所述的导电填料为镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管按质量比1:(0.2～0.4)：(0.05～0.08)混合的混合物。更进一步优选，所述的导电填料中镀银纳米石墨微片、镍包铜粉、单臂碳纳米管的质量比为1：0.3：0.07。在导电填料更进一步优选比例以及进一步优选比例配比中，所得的聚氯乙烯复合材料导电性能优良(导电包覆线电阻每20cm在103Ω内)，见实施例1～8。若导电填料中的镀银纳米石墨微片比例降低，即导电填料中各组分不在优选比例内，则所得的聚氯乙烯复合材料导电性能有所降低，见实施例1、12。
本发明编织面料的包覆线表面进行静电吸尘剂涂层后，编织面料表面具有一定的静电特性，在无直流电源下，面料也对PM2.5等颗粒具有吸附特性，见实施例A1～A12；且在一定添加量范围内，随着静电吸尘剂溶液中静电吸尘剂含量的增加，其对PM2.5的吸附能力有所增加，见实施例A1、A3和对比例A2；若包覆线表面不含静电吸尘剂涂层，则在无外加直流电源条件下面料对PM2.5的吸附能力很差，见实施例A1和对比例A1；若包覆线表面静电吸尘剂层中静电吸尘剂含量过高，则失去静电吸附功效，其编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下对PM2.5的吸附能力变差，见实施例A1和对比例A3；
本发明的静电吸尘剂是硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的混合物，是一个复配整体。作为优选，静电吸尘剂中硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁按质量百分比计分别占混合物总质量的15-30％、15-30％、15-30％、15-30％。在该优选比例范围内，所得的编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下对PM2.5具有较好的吸附能力，见实施例A5、A6。再进一步优选，所述静电吸尘剂中硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的质量比均为25％，在此配比条件下，所得的编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下对PM2.5的吸附能力最佳，见实施例A1、A2、A3、A4。若静电吸尘剂中各组分不在优选范围内，则所得的编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下对PM2.5的吸附能力有所降低，见实施例A1～A6和实施例A7、A8。若静电吸尘剂不是硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的混合物，则所得的编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下对PM2.5的吸附能力很差，见实施例A1～A6和对比例A4，说明本发明的静电吸尘剂复配物具有复配协效作用。
由于本发明导电聚氯乙烯复合材料中采用了协效阻燃和自由基阻燃机理，使得复合材料具有良好的阻燃特性，相应的导电编织面料也具有良好的阻燃特性。若复合材料体系中三氧化二锑分散不均匀或者聚氯乙烯复合材料中不含三氧化二锑，则导电编织面料的阻燃性降低，见实施例A1和对比例A5、A6
在静电吸尘剂溶液中，氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂对静电吸尘剂与PVC复合材料起到耦合相容的作用，若静电吸尘剂溶液制备过程中无氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂，则静电吸尘剂很难与聚氯乙烯复合材料层相容结合，最后编织面料在无外加直流电源条件下的静电吸附能力明显减弱，吸附PM2.5的能力相应减弱，见实施例A1和对比例A5。
在本发明导电聚氯乙烯复合材料中，具有偶联分散作用的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂，对导电复合材料体系中的无机金属填料与聚氯乙烯树脂之间分散均一性起到积极作用，得以让导电和阻燃的功能充分发挥。若二者在配方中的含量减少，无机金属填料在PVC中的分散均一性较差，各功能材料的特性不能充分发挥，相应的，材料的电阻增大，且阻燃性能减弱，见实施例1、4和对比例5以及实施例A1、A4和对比例A5。
在有直流电源供电的遮阳系统中，通过直流电源通电，使得左右编织面料上带有的正电荷和负电荷大大增加，由于静电吸附，能吸附大量的PM2.5及其它细小颗粒，见实施例B1～B6。若编织面料中包覆线的导电性较差，则会降低遮阳系统对PM2.5的吸附特性，见实施例B9～B12和对比例B5、B6。另外若包覆线表面静电吸尘剂的量或者配比不在优选范围内，则由该包覆线制备的编织面料及其遮阳系统对PM2.5的吸附能力也减弱，见实施例B7、B8和对比例B1～B4。
本处实施例对本发明要求保护的技术范围中点值未穷尽之处以及在实施例技术方案中对单个或者多个技术特征的同等替换所形成的新的技术方案，同样都在本发明要求保护的范围内；同时本发明方案所有列举或者未列举的实施例中，在同一实施例中的各个参数仅仅表示其技术方案的一个实例(即一种可行性方案)，而各个参数之间并不存在严格的配合与限定关系，其中各参数在不违背公理以及本发明述求时可以相互替换，特别声明的除外。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述技术手段所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。以上所述是本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线，其特征在于，所述导电包覆线从里到外依次包括纤维层、导电聚氯乙烯层以及静电吸尘剂层，所述静电吸尘剂层由静电吸尘剂溶液涂覆到导电聚氯乙烯层后加热固化而成，静电吸尘剂溶液按重量份数计包括如下组分：静电吸尘剂8～12份、氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚树脂10～15份、分散剂0.1～0.2份、醋酸丁酯50-70份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导电包覆线，其特征在于，所述的导电包覆线的直径为0.20mm～0.35mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导电包覆线，其特征在于，所述的纤维为涤纶纤维、玻璃纤维、晴纶纤维、丙纶纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维、聚乙烯纤维中的一种或多种，纤维规格为100～300D的长纤维，单丝断裂强力大于10N。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导电包覆线，其特征在于，所述的静电吸尘剂为硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的导电包覆线，其特征在于，静电吸尘剂中硫化钙、四氧化三铁、锡酸锌、氢氧化镁按质量百分比计分别占混合物总质量的15-30％、15-30％、15-30％、15-30％。
6.一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的导电编织面料，其特征在于，所述的导电编织面料由权利要求1所述的导电包覆线经编织而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的导电编织面料，其特征在于，所述导电编织面料具有经线和纬线结构，所述经线结构和纬线结构之间留有长方形或者正方形的空隙，其开孔率为10％～15％。
8.一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的滤网，其特征在于，所述的滤网由7所述的导电编织面料制成。
9.一种具有静电吸附PM2.5颗粒功能的遮阳系统，其特征在于，所述遮阳系统包括权利要求8所述的过滤网。
10.根据权利要求9所述的遮阳系统，其特征在于，所述遮阳系统包括左滤网、右滤网，及直流电源，左滤网和右滤网分别通过导线连接直流电源的正极和负极。
CN202180002377.9A 2021-08-06 2021-08-06 一种具有静电吸附pm2.5颗粒功能的导电包覆线、导电编织面料、滤网以及遮阳系统 Pending CN113767194A (zh)

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