WO2020228212A1 - 一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂 - Google Patents

一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂 Download PDF

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WO2020228212A1
WO2020228212A1 PCT/CN2019/106296 CN2019106296W WO2020228212A1 WO 2020228212 A1 WO2020228212 A1 WO 2020228212A1 CN 2019106296 W CN2019106296 W CN 2019106296W WO 2020228212 A1 WO2020228212 A1 WO 2020228212A1
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polyorganosiloxane
terminated
polyether
defoamer
active material
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PCT/CN2019/106296
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丁荣
焦迎春
刘杨
曹添
朱智
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江苏四新科技应用研究所股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020228212A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228212A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/02Foam dispersion or prevention
    • B01D19/04Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
    • B01D19/0404Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/02Foam dispersion or prevention
    • B01D19/04Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
    • B01D19/0404Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
    • B01D19/0409Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing Si-atoms

Definitions

  • the defoamer for transparent liquid detergents, which has strong defoaming and anti-foaming effects.
  • the defoamer not only has strong stability, but also can ensure that the clarity and stability in the detergent are not affected, and belongs to the technical field of fine chemicals.
  • Liquid detergent has the characteristics of easy dissolution, convenient use, low production energy consumption, low equipment investment, low cost, energy saving, etc., and has gradually replaced solid detergents. Because liquid washing contains a large amount of surfactants, it produces a large amount of foam during use, which not only increases the number of subsequent rinsing and wastes water resources, but also increases power and usage costs. In order to make the detergent develop in the direction of energy saving, water saving, functionalization and greening, it is imperative to control the foam produced during its use.
  • silicone defoamers Due to its low surface tension, the defoamer can quickly penetrate into the foam surface to destroy it.
  • the addition of silicone defoamers to liquid detergents is an effective means to control foam, which can effectively solve the problem of excessive foam and difficult to rinse during the washing process.
  • the stability of the silicone defoamer itself and its clarity and stability in the detergent are also properties that must be investigated.
  • US7098175B2 discloses a non-silicone low-foaming liquid detergent composition. By adding ethoxylated fatty acid diesters to the liquid detergent, it can achieve a certain foam control effect without causing the detergent to become turbid, but Its foam control effect is far less than that of silicone defoamers.
  • CN103272411B relates to an organic silicon emulsion foam inhibitor and a preparation method thereof. Under the action of an acid catalyst, hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, unsaturated polyether, and ⁇ -olefin are used to obtain alkyl and unsaturated polyether co-modified poly Organosiloxane; then add hydrophobic particles and silicone resin to mix treatment, the obtained foam inhibitor active ingredient is then used to prepare O/W defoamer emulsion through the action of emulsifier, and add it to non-structural detergent, although it can Solve the decay of clarity and defoaming performance, but the problem of defoaming agent precipitation still occurs after long-term storage.
  • CN104130879B is based on CN103272411 B by adopting a branched modified siloxane polymer modified by alkyl and polyether and adopting unsaturated polyether, divinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane and hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane polymer
  • the cross-linked modified siloxane polymer prepared by the alkane is compounded to improve the emulsifying and dispersing effect on the silicone composition with the alkyl group. Although it improves its own stability and makes the prepared defoamer emulsion have excellent defoaming performance and clarity in liquid detergents, it is difficult to ensure the stability of emulsion silicone emulsions in non-structured laundry detergents.
  • the transportation cost is relatively high.
  • CN102307978B discloses a bulk silicone foam inhibitor.
  • the foam control agent includes organopolysiloxane, organosilicon resin, hydrophobic material, organopolysiloxane resin and crosslinked organopolysiloxane polymer.
  • the organosiloxane has at least one silicon-bonded substituent of the formula X-Ar, wherein X represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group and Ar represents an aromatic group.
  • the silicone resin is preferably composed of siloxane units having the formula R 1 n SiO (4-n)/2 , wherein R 1 represents a hydrocarbyl group, a hydroxyoxy group or a hydroxyl group, and a has an average value of 0.5 to 2.0.
  • the organopolysiloxane resin contains at least one polyoxyalkylene group, a tetrafunctional siloxane unit having the formula RSiO 4/2 and a monofunctional siloxane unit having the formula R 3 SiO 1/2 , wherein the resin The total number of tetrafunctional siloxane units is at least 50% based on the total number of siloxane units, and R 2 represents a hydrocarbon group.
  • the crosslinked organopolysiloxane polymer contains a difunctional siloxane unit having the formula R 3 2 SiO 2/2 , wherein the total number of difunctional siloxane units is at least 60%, and R 3 represents a hydrocarbyl group.
  • This liquid foam control agent is used in heavy-duty liquid detergents (HDL), although its stability and foam control performance in liquid detergents are solved, but the turbidity of liquid detergents is still increased in appearance, affecting The appearance of the detergent.
  • HDL heavy-duty liquid detergents
  • CN 104436767 B also discloses a bulk silicone foam inhibitor. It adopts cross-linked polyether-modified polyorganosilicon siloxane, branched polyether-modified polyorganosilicon siloxane and a part of polyether polyol. After colloid milling, it is combined with another part of polyorganosiloxane.
  • the ether polyol is compounded to prepare a high-content silicone defoamer composition with a specific assembly structure. Although it has excellent clarity and stability in liquid detergents, and has an ideal foam control effect with a small amount of addition, the defoamer in the preparation process needs to be colloid milled, which is difficult to avoid The problem of attenuation of foam suppression performance after high temperature and strong shear treatment.
  • the present invention provides a defoamer for liquid detergents.
  • the invention prepares highly cross-linked organosilicon active material by introducing high-viscosity hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane to prevent the foam suppression performance of the product from being attenuated due to high temperature and strong shear treatment.
  • a polyether modified polyorganosiloxane with a specific spatial network structure prepared by "click chemistry" technology is introduced, which has a spatial network structure similar to the organic silicon active material and has a strong emulsifying ability
  • the organic silicon active material is wrapped to ensure the stability of the active material itself and improve its compatibility with the laundry liquid; then add polyether and hydrophobic white carbon black, and homogenize by colloid mill or homogenizer. After degassing, the product can be obtained.
  • polyether can weaken the damage of high temperature and high shear to the structure of organic silicon active material, reduce the viscosity of the composition, improve the clarity of the defoamer in the laundry detergent, and the hydrophobic silica It can further improve the anti-foaming effect of the defoamer and prevent the attenuation of its performance in the laundry detergent.
  • the defoamer for transparent liquid detergent of the present invention consists of the following components:
  • the organic silicon active material of the present invention is prepared from polyorganosiloxane, high-viscosity hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, vinyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane, catalyst, silicon dioxide and organic silicon resin.
  • the amount of the organic silicon active material accounts for 5-40% of the total mass of the defoamer, preferably 10-30%.
  • the hydrocarbon group of 20, which can be the same or different, is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl, and benzyl; the polyorganosiloxane is at 25°C
  • the dynamic viscosity is 2000-10000 mPa ⁇ s, and the dosage accounts for 40-80% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • Me is a methyl group, the subscript k is 0 or 1, v is an integer from 2 to 100, and w is an integer from 20 to 300.
  • Each molecule has at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms; the high viscosity contains hydrogen
  • the dynamic viscosity of the polyorganosiloxane at 25° C. is 2000-10000 mPa ⁇ s, and the amount is 0.1-10% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • Me is a methyl group, and z is an integer of 50-500; the amount of the vinyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane accounts for 5-30% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • the catalyst is selected from platinum-alcohol complexes, platinum-olefin complexes, platinum-alkoxide complexes, platinum-ether complexes, platinum-ketone complexes, chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution or Platinum-vinyl complex; preferably chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution; the amount accounts for 0.01-0.2% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • the silica may be hydrophobized or not, and is selected from fumed silica or precipitated silica, preferably hydrophobic silica, with a specific surface area of 50-500 m 2 /g, preferably a specific surface area of 90- 300m 2 /g.
  • the amount of silicon dioxide accounts for 1-15% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • the silicone resin refers to a highly cross-linked spatial network structure of polyorganosiloxane, MQ composed of CH 3 SiO 1/2 (M unit) and SiO 4/2 (Q unit)
  • MQ composed of CH 3 SiO 1/2 (M unit) and SiO 4/2
  • the molar ratio between the two is (0.4-1.2): 1.0, preferably (0.5-0.8): 1.0.
  • the amount of the MQ resin accounts for 1-15% of the total mass of the organic silicon active material.
  • the preparation method of the organosilicon active material of the present invention is as follows:
  • the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane in the specific space is obtained through the "Click Chemistry” (Click Chemistry) technology, and its amount accounts for 10 to 80% of the total mass of the defoamer, preferably 20% to 60%. It includes the following:
  • the general formula of the azido-terminated polyether polyol is: R 1 [(EO) m (PO) n (N 3 )] g , where the subscript g is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 3 An integer of ⁇ 6; R 1 is an alcohol or amine initiator, including propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, xylitol, ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, sorbitol, sucrose, bisphenol A. Bisphenol S, toluene diamine, preferably glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, sucrose.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • PO propylene oxide
  • m and n are degrees of polymerization
  • m is an integer of 0 to 150, preferably an integer of 0 to 40
  • n is an integer of 0 to 150, preferably an integer of 0 to 100
  • M and n are not 0 at the same time.
  • N 3 is an azido group.
  • the general structure of the polyorganosiloxane with terminal alkynyl groups is: CH ⁇ C(Me) 2 SiO[(Me) 2 SiO] p Si(Me) 2 C ⁇ CH.
  • Me is a methyl group, and p is an integer of 20-200.
  • the solvent is a polar or non-polar solvent, preferably a polar solvent, selected from tetrahydrofuran, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine and triethylamine.
  • the catalyst is a copper-based, iron-based or rhenium-based catalyst.
  • the ligand is a nitrogen-containing multidentate ligand, selected from N, N, N', N", N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1,1,4,7,10,10 -Hexamethyltriethylenetetramine and tris(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)amine, N-n-hexyl-2-pyridylformamide, tetramethylethylenediamine.
  • the molar ratio of the azido-terminated polyether polyol and the alkynyl-terminated polyorganosiloxane is 2:3 to 2:6; the mass amount of catalyst is the azido-terminated polyether polyol and the alkyne-terminated polyorganosiloxane. 0.1-5% of the total mass of the polyorganosiloxane; the ratio of the molar weight of the ligand to the molar weight of the catalyst is 1:1-10:1; the mass of the solvent is related to the polyether polyol and the terminal alkyne terminated by the azido group The mass ratio of the total mass of the base polyorganosiloxane is 4.5:1-9:1.
  • the preparation method of the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane in the specific space is:
  • step (1) Add the azido-terminated polyether polyol, alkynyl-terminated polysiloxane, and solvent into the reactor to make the added reactants uniformly dispersed, and then add the catalyst and the solvent at a temperature of 60-120°C Ligand; (2) react the mixture of step (1) under the protection of nitrogen at a temperature of 60 ⁇ 120°C for 0.5-5h, and obtain the initial product through alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) The initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane with a specific space.
  • the method of the present invention prepares a polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane with a specific structure under the action of a certain temperature and a catalyst through the number and position of the polymer chain connection points of "click chemistry", which overcomes the traditional preparation of polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane.
  • the siloxane structure is difficult to control.
  • the raw material for synthesizing the network structure has an azido-terminated polyether polyol structure that contains an azide group with no less than 3 functionality and the polyorganosiloxane structure with an alkynyl end group contains an alkynyl group with no less than 2 functionality, Therefore, a dense spatial network structure can be formed, which can be fully mixed with the highly cross-linked organic silicon active material, which is beneficial to the formation of a stable emulsion system.
  • the polyether polyol has a structure in the following general formula; the amount accounts for 10 to 80% of the total mass of the defoamer, preferably 20 to 60%.
  • subscript c is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably an integer from 1 to 3;
  • EO is ethylene oxide
  • PO is propylene oxide;
  • R 3 is the reaction residue of the polyether initiator, and the initiator is C1 ⁇ C30 linear or branched alkyl alcohols, preferably C16-C18 linear alkyl alcohols, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol trimethylolpropane;
  • a and b are the degree of polymerization, and a is 1
  • the integer of ⁇ 100 is preferably an integer of 0-20, and b is an integer of 0-80, preferably an integer of 40-80.
  • the polyether polyol mainly plays the role of weakening the damage of high temperature and high shear to the structure of the organic silicon active material, reducing the viscosity of the defoamer, and being easily dissolved in the laundry liquid.
  • the said silica is as described in A(V), its function is to further improve the antifoaming effect of the defoamer and prevent its performance degradation in the laundry detergent.
  • the amount of the said silica accounts for the total defoamer 1%-10% by mass, preferably 3%-7%.
  • the preparation method of the defoamer of the transparent liquid detergent of the present invention is as follows:
  • the defoamer M After homogenizing the above mixture through a colloid mill or a homogenizer, the defoamer M can be obtained.
  • the organosilicon active material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of compact spatial structure, high degree of crosslinking, high viscosity and difficulty in emulsification.
  • the inventors found in experiments that ordinary branched and cross-linked polyether-modified polyorganosiloxanes are difficult to emulsify the organic silicon active material prepared by this invention, and this invention uses "click chemistry" technology to prepare a specific space network
  • the polyether-modified polyorganosilicon siloxane with a similar structure has a strong association force with it because its molecular structure is similar to this organic silicon active material, so it can have good encapsulation and dispersion capabilities for the organic silicon active material. Conducive to the stability of the system.
  • Polyether polyols mainly play the role of weakening the damage of high temperature and high shear to the structure of the organic silicon active material, reducing the viscosity of the composition, and improving the compatibility with the laundry liquid.
  • the function of the last added hydrophobic silica is to further improve the anti-foaming effect of the defoamer and prevent its performance in the laundry detergent from attenuating.
  • step (1) Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; (2) Under the protection of nitrogen, the mixture of step (1) is reacted at 70°C for 2h, and the initial product is obtained through alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction; (3) The initial product of step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B1 in the specific space.
  • step (1) 30.09g (5.0mmol) of azido-terminated polyether polyol (R 1 is glycerin, the structural formula is R 1 [(PO) 100 (N 3 )] 3 ), 10.155g (7.5 mmol)
  • the alkynyl-terminated polysiloxane CH ⁇ C(Me) 2 SiO[(Me) 2 SiO] 20 Si(Me) 2 C ⁇ CH, 50mL N,N-dimethylformamide and 50mL toluene are added to the reactor , After making the added reactants evenly dispersed, add 0.040g (0.3mmol) catalyst cuprous bromide and 0.003mol ligand N,N,N',N”,N”-pentamethyldi at a temperature of 120°C Ethylene triamine; (2) The mixture of step (1) is reacted at 120°C for 0.5 h under the protection of nitrogen, and the initial product is obtained through alkynyl-azide cycloaddition reaction;
  • step (2) The initial product of) can be filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B3 in the specific space.
  • step (2) is filtered and concentrated to obtain the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane B4 in the specific space.
  • silicone polyether B7 modified polyorganosiloxane obtained by reaction of hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, unsaturated polyether and ⁇ -olefin
  • silicone polyether B8 modified polyorganosiloxane obtained by reaction of hydrogen-containing polyorganosiloxane, unsaturated polyether and divinyl terminated polyorganosiloxane
  • silicone polyether B9 obtained by the reaction of high-viscosity hydrogen-containing silicone oil and unsaturated polyether
  • the defoamer compositions of Examples 12-17 showed superior stability and had less turbidity; Comparative Examples 10-12 showed that the common branched and The organic silicon active material prepared by the emulsification of cross-linked polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane has poor stability, while the polyether-modified polyorganosiloxane with a specific spatial network structure prepared by "click chemistry" technology has poor stability. The organic silicon active material has good encapsulation and dispersion ability. Comparative Examples 13 and 14 are the bulk type and oil-in-water emulsion products treated by colloid milling.

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Abstract

一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂,由下列组分组成:(1)5~40%有机硅活性物;(2)10~80%特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷;(3)10~80%聚醚多元醇;(4)1~10%二氧化硅;其制备方法如下:(1)将有机硅活性物和特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷混合,升温至50~150℃,搅拌0.5~1.5h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;(2)保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入聚醚多元醇和二氧化硅,搅拌1.0~2.0h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;(3)将混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化,得到消泡剂。

Description

一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂 技术领域
本发现提供了一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂,具有较强的消泡和抑泡作用。该消泡剂不但自身具有较强的稳定性,还能够保证不影响洗涤剂中的清澈度和稳定性,属于精细化工技术领域。
背景技术
液体洗涤剂具有易溶解、使用方便、生产能耗低、设备投资少、成本低、节省能源等特点,目前已逐步替代固体洗涤剂。由于液体洗涤中含有大量的表面活性剂,导致其在使用过程中产生大量的泡沫,其不仅增加了后续漂洗的次数、浪费水资源,同时也增加了电力和使用成本。为了使洗涤剂朝着节能、节水、功能化、绿色化方向发展,控制其使用过程中产生的泡沫势在必行。
消泡剂由于具有较低的表面张力,能够快速地渗透到泡沫表面使其破灭。目前有机硅消泡剂加入到液体洗涤剂中是控制泡沫的有效手段,其可以有效解决洗涤过程中泡沫过高、难漂洗的问题。然而,除了泡沫控制效果外,有机硅消泡剂自身的稳定性和其在洗涤剂中的清澈度和稳定性也是必须考察的性能。
US7098175B2公开了一种非有机硅类低泡液体洗涤剂组合物,通过向液体洗涤剂中添加乙氧基脂肪酸二酯,能够起到一定的控泡效果,同时也不会引起洗涤剂浑浊,但其控泡效果远不及有机硅消泡剂。
CN103272411B涉及一种有机硅乳液泡沫抑制剂及其制备方法,将含氢聚有机硅氧烷和不饱和聚醚、α-烯烃在酸性催化剂作用下,得 到烷基、不饱和聚醚共改性聚有机硅氧烷;然后加入疏水粒子与有机硅树脂混合处理,得到的泡沫抑制剂活性成分再通过乳化剂作用制备O/W型消泡剂乳液,添加到非结构型洗涤剂中,其虽然能够解决清澈度和消抑泡性能的衰减性,但是长久放置后还是会出现消泡剂析出的问题。CN104130879B在CN103272411 B基础上通过采用烷基和聚醚改性的支链型改性硅氧烷聚合物和采用不饱和聚醚、双乙烯基封端聚有机硅氧烷与含氢聚有机硅氧烷制备的交联型改性硅氧烷聚合物复配,从而提高对具有烷基的有机硅组合物的乳化分散作用。其虽然提高了自身的稳定性,使得制备的消泡剂乳液在液体洗涤剂中具有优异的消泡性能和清澈度,但是乳液型有机硅乳液在非结构型洗衣液中的稳定性难以保证,而且乳液型消泡剂由于活性物含量偏低,其运输成本相对偏高。
CN102307978B公开了一种本体有机硅泡沫抑制剂。该泡沫控制剂包含有机基聚硅氧烷、有机硅树脂、疏水材料、有机基聚硅氧烷树脂和交联的有机基聚硅氧烷聚合物。其中所述有机基硅氧烷具有式X-Ar的至少一个与硅键合的取代基,其中X表示二价脂族烃基和Ar表示芳族基团。有机硅树脂优选由具有式R 1 nSiO (4-n)/2的硅氧烷单元组成,其中R 1表示烃基、羟氧基或羟基,a具有0.5~2.0的平均值。有机基聚硅氧烷树脂包含具有至少一个聚氧亚烷基,具有式RSiO 4/2的四官能硅氧烷单元和具有式R 3SiO 1/2的单官能硅氧烷单元,其中树脂中的四官能硅氧烷单元的总数基于硅氧烷单元的总数计为至少50%,和R 2表示烃基。交联的有机基聚硅氧烷聚合物包含具有式R 3 2SiO 2/2的双官能硅氧烷单 元,其中双官能硅氧烷单元的总数计为至少60%,和R 3表示烃基。将此液体泡沫控制剂用于重垢液体洗涤剂(HDL)中,虽然解决了其在液体洗涤剂中的稳定性和泡沫控制性能,然而在外观上依旧增加了液体洗涤剂的浊度,影响洗涤剂的外观。
CN 104436767 B也公开了一种本体有机硅泡沫抑制剂。其通过采用交联型聚醚改性聚有机硅硅氧烷、支链型聚醚改性聚有机硅硅氧烷以及一部分聚醚多元醇的复配,过胶体磨之后再与另一部分的聚醚多元醇进行复配,制备出具有特定组装结构的高含量有机硅消泡剂组合物。虽然其在液体洗涤剂中具有优异的清澈度和稳定性,并在较少添加量下就具有较理想的泡沫控制效果,但是其制备过程中的消泡剂需要经过胶体磨,难以避免因经高温、强剪切处理后抑泡性能衰减的问题。
综上所述,非有机硅类消泡剂在液体洗涤剂中难以表现优异的控泡效果,传统的有机硅乳液消泡剂存在自身稳定性和在非结构洗衣液中稳定性的问题,已发明的本体型有机硅消泡剂存在影响液体洗涤剂的浊度和抑泡性能衰减的问题。本发明为了解决现有技术的不足,提供一种用于液体洗涤剂的消泡剂。
发明内容
本发明通过引入高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷制备高度交联的有机硅活性物,防止产品因经高温、强剪切处理后抑泡性能的衰减。在制备产品过程中引入通过“点击化学”技术制备的具有特定空间网状结 构的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷,其具有与有机硅活性物相似的空间网状结构,较强的乳化能力对有机硅活性物进行了包裹,确保活性物自身的稳定、提高其与洗衣液的相容性;然后加入聚醚和疏水性白炭黑,经胶体磨或均质机进行均质化处理、脱气后即可得到产品,其中聚醚起到削弱高温、高剪切对有机硅活性物结构的破坏、降低组合物粘度、提高消泡剂在洗衣液中的清澈度,疏水性二氧化硅进一步起到提高消泡剂的抑泡效果,防止其在洗衣液中性能的衰减。
本发明所述的一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂由以下组分组成:
A、有机硅活性物
本发明所述的有机硅活性物由聚有机硅氧烷、高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷、端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷、催化剂、二氧化硅和有机硅树脂制备而成。所述有机硅活性物的用量占消泡剂总质量的5~40%,优选10~30%。
A(I):聚有机硅氧烷:
所述的聚有机硅氧烷结构通式为:R aSiO (4-a)/2,其中a的取值为1.9~2.2,R为一价的取代或非取代的碳原子数为1~20的烃基,可以相同或不同,选自甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、丁基、异丁基、苯基、苯甲基;所述聚有机硅氧烷在25℃时的动力粘度为2000~10000mPa·s,用量占有机硅活性物总质量的40~80%。
A(II):高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷:
所述的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷结构通式如下:
H kMe 3-kSiO(MeHSiO) v(Me 2SiO) wSiMe 3-kH k
Me为甲基,下标k是0或1,v是2~100的整数,w是20~300的整数,每个分子具有至少2个硅键合的氢原子;所述的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷在25℃时的动力粘度为2000~10000mPa·s,用量占有机硅活性物总质量的0.1~10%。
A(III):端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷:
所述的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷的结构通式如下:
CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] zSi(Me) 2CH=CH 2
Me为甲基,z是50~500的整数;所述的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷的用量占有机硅活性物总质量的5~30%。
A(IV):催化剂
所述的催化剂选自铂-醇络合物、铂-烯烃络合物、铂-醇盐络合物、铂-醚络合物、铂-酮络合物、氯铂酸异丙醇溶液或铂-乙烯基络合物;优选氯铂酸异丙醇溶液;用量占有机硅活性物总质量的0.01~0.2%。
A(V):二氧化硅
所述的二氧化硅可以经过或未经过疏水化处理,选自气相二氧化硅或沉淀二氧化硅,优选为疏水二氧化硅,比表面积为50~500m 2/g,优选比表面积为90~300m 2/g。所述的二氧化硅用量占有机硅活性物总质量的1~15%。
A(VI):有机硅树脂
所述的有机硅树脂指高度交联的空间网状结构的聚有机硅氧烷, 由链节CH 3SiO 1/2(M单元)和链节SiO 4/2(Q单元)的组成的MQ树脂,二者之间的摩尔比为(0.4~1.2):1.0,优选(0.5~0.8):1.0。所述的MQ树脂用量占有机硅活性物的总质量的1~15%。
本发明所述的有机硅活性物的制备方法如下:
将聚有机硅氧烷、端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷、在烧杯中混合均匀,在40~140℃时加入催化剂;缓慢滴加高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷,在60~150℃反应1.0~5.0h;最后加入有机硅树脂、二氧化硅,在100-160℃保温1-5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.1~1.5h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A。
B、特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷
所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷通过“点击化学”(Click Chemistry)技术得到,其用量占消泡剂总质量的10~80%,优选20%~60%,组分包括如下:
B(I):端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇:
所述的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇结构通式为:R 1[(EO) m(PO) n(N 3)] g,其中,下标g为1~6的整数,优选3~6的整数;R 1为醇类或胺类起始剂,包括丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、木糖醇、乙二胺、三乙烯二胺、山梨醇、蔗糖、双酚A、双酚S、甲苯二胺,优选甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖。其中EO为环氧乙烷,PO为环氧丙烷,m、n为聚合度,m为0~150的整数,优选0~40的整数;n为0~150的整数,优选0~100的整数;m,n不同时为0。其中N 3为叠氮基。
B(II):端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷:
所述的端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷结构通式为:CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] pSi(Me) 2C≡CH。Me为甲基,p是20~200的整数。
B(III):溶剂:
所述的溶剂为极性或非极性溶剂,优选极性溶剂,选自四氢呋喃、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶、三乙胺。
B(IV):催化剂:
所述的催化剂为铜系、铁系或铼系催化剂。
B(V):配体:
所述的配体为含氮的多齿配体,选自N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺、N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺、四甲基乙二胺。
所述端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇、端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷摩尔比为2:3~2:6;催化剂的质量用量为端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇和端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷总质量的0.1-5%;配体的摩尔量与催化剂摩尔量的比值为1:1~10:1;溶剂质量与端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇和端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷总质量的质量比为4.5:1~9:1。所述特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的制备方法为:
(1)将端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇、端炔基聚硅氧烷、溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60~120℃的温度下加入催化剂和配体;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60~120℃的温度下反应0.5-5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初 产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷。本发明方法通过“点击化学”聚合物链连接点的数量与位置,在一定温度和催化剂作用下制备特定结构规整的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷,克服了传统制备聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷结构难以控制的缺点。合成该网络结构的原料端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇结构中含有不小于3官能度的叠氮基以及端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷结构中含有不小于2官能度的炔基,故可以形成致密的空间网络结构,使其可以与高度交联的有机硅活性物充分的混合,有利于形成稳定的乳液体系。
C、聚醚多元醇
所述聚醚多元醇为具有如下通式中的结构;用量占消泡剂总质量的10~80%,优选20~60%。
R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c
其中:下标c为1~6的整数,优选1~3的整数;EO为环氧乙烷,PO为环氧丙烷;R 3为聚醚起始剂的反应残基,起始剂为C1~C30的直链或支链烷基醇,优选C16-C18的直链烷基醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、甘油三羟甲基丙烷;a、b为聚合度,a为1~100的整数,优选0~20的整数,b为0~80的整数,优选40~80整数。
在本发明中,聚醚多元醇主要起到削弱高温、高剪切作用对有机硅活性物结构的破坏、降低消泡剂粘度、易溶于洗衣液中的作用。
D、二氧化硅
所述的二氧化硅如A(V)所述,其作用是为了进一步提高消泡剂 的抑泡效果,防止其在洗衣液中性能的衰减,所述二氧化硅的用量占消泡剂总质量的1%-10%,优选3%-7%。
本发明所述的透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂制备方法如下:
(1)将上述有机硅活性物A和特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B混合,升温至50~150℃,搅拌0.5~1.5h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;
(2)保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入聚醚多元醇C和疏水白炭黑D,搅拌1.0~2.0h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;
(3)将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的消泡剂M。
本发明制备的有机硅活性物具有空间结构致密、交联度高、粘度大、难以乳化的特点。发明人在试验中发现,普通的支链型和交联型聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷难以乳化此发明制备的有机硅活性物,而此发明通过“点击化学”技术制备的特定空间网状结构的聚醚改性聚有机硅硅氧烷由于分子结构类似于此有机硅活性物,与其具有很强的缔合力,故能对该有机硅活性物具有很好的包裹和分散能力,有利于形成体系的稳定。聚醚多元醇主要起到削弱高温、高剪切作用对有机硅活性物结构的破坏、降低组合物粘度、提高与洗衣液相容性的作用。最后添加的疏水二氧化硅的作用是为了进一步提高消泡剂的抑泡效果,防止其在洗衣液中性能的衰减。
具体实施方式
有机硅活性物A
实施例1
将75g粘度为2000mPa·s的三甲基硅氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、5g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 100Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在100℃时加入0.2g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加9.8g粘度为2000mPa·s的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷Me 3SiO(MeHSiO) 10(Me 2SiO) 100SiMe 3,在130℃反应3h;最后加入5g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.5:1),5g比表面积为90m 2/g的二氧化硅、在100℃保温搅拌5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.1h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A1。
实施例2
将40g粘度为3000mPa·s的苯基二甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、30g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 200Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在120℃时加入0.01g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加10g粘度为4000mPa·s的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷HMe 2SiO(MeHSiO) 30(Me 2SiO) 200SiMe 2H,在60℃反应4h;最后加入10g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.6:1),9.99g比表面积为150m 2/g的二氧化硅,在160℃保温搅拌1h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持1.5h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A2。
实施例3
将80g粘度为6500mPa·s的丙基二甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、17.7g的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO 500Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在80℃时加入0.2g氯 铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加0.1g粘度为8000mPa·s高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷HMe 2SiO(MeHSiO) 30(Me2SiO) 200SiMe 2H,在150℃反应5.0h;最后加入1g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.7:1)、1g比表面积为200m 2/g的二氧化硅,在100-160℃保温搅拌1-5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持1h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A3。
实施例4
将40g粘度为2500mPa·s的乙基二甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、24g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO 350Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在100℃时加入0.15g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加3.5g粘度为10000mPa·s的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷Me 3SiO(MeHSiO) 2(Me2SiO) 80SiMe 3,在80℃反应2h;最后加入15g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.8:1)、15g比表面积为270m 2/g的二氧化硅,在140℃保温3h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持1.2h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A4。
实施例5
将66.9g粘度为10000mPa·s的三甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、10g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO 50Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在40℃时加入催化剂;缓慢滴加3g粘度为10000mPa·s高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷HMe 2SiO(MeHSiO) 30(Me 2SiO) 200SiMe 2H,在100℃反应1h;最后加入8g 有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.5:1)、12g比表面积为300m 2/g的二氧化硅,在120℃保温25h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.8h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A5。
对比例1(与实施例1对比,高含氢硅油的粘度小于2000)
将75g粘度为2000mPa·s的三甲基硅氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、5g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 100Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在100℃时加入0.2g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加9.8g粘度为1500mPa·s的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷Me 3SiO(MeHSiO) 10(Me 2SiO) 100SiMe 3,在130℃反应3h;最后加入5g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.5:1)、5g比表面积为90m 2/g的二氧化硅、在100℃保温搅拌5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.1h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A6。
对比例2(与实施例2对比,高含氢硅油的粘度大于10000)
将40g粘度为3000mPa·s的本基二甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、30g端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 200Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2在烧杯中混合均匀,在120℃时加入0.01g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;缓慢滴加10g粘度为12000mPa·s的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷HMe 2SiO(MeHSiO) 30(Me 2SiO) 200SiMe 2H,在60℃反应4h;最后加入10g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.6:1)、9.99g比表面积为150m 2/g的二氧化硅,在160℃保温搅拌1h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持1.5h, 最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A7。
对比例3(与实施例3对比,高含氢硅油一次加入,不进行缓慢滴加)
将80g粘度为6500mPa·s的丙基二甲基硅氧烷封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、17.7g的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO 500Si(Me) 2CH=CH 2、0.1g粘度为8000mPa·s高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷HMe 2SiO(MeHSiO) 30(Me2SiO) 200SiMe 2H在烧杯中混合均匀,在80℃时加入0.2g氯铂酸异丙醇溶液催化剂;继续升温在150℃反应5.0h;最后加入1g有机硅树脂(M与Q的摩尔比为0.7:1)、1g比表面积为200m 2/g的二氧化硅,在100-160℃保温搅拌1-5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持1h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A8。
特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅硅氧烷B
实施例6
(1)将7.996g(2.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为甘油、结构式为R 1[(EO) 20(PO) 50(N 3)] 3)、18.462g(3.0mmol)端炔基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 100Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和50mL甲苯加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在70℃的温度下加入0.265g(1.8mmol)催化剂溴化亚铜和0.0092mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在70℃下反应2h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B1。
实施例7
(1)将30.09g(5.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为甘油、结构式为R 1[(PO) 100(N 3)] 3)、10.155g(7.5mmol)端炔基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 20Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和50mL甲苯加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在120℃的温度下加入0.040g(0.3mmol)催化剂溴化亚铜和0.003mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在120℃下反应0.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B2。
实施例8
(1)将1.978g(1.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为甘油、结构式为R 1[(EO) 40(N 3)] 3)、18.231g(1.5mmol)端炔基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 200Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和50mL甲苯加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在80℃的温度下加入1.010g(7.1mmol)催化剂溴化亚铜和0.0071mol配体N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在80℃下反应5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B3。
实施例9
(1)将12.414g(3.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为甘油、结构式为R 1[(EO) 10(PO) 60(N 3)] 3)、16.893g(4.5mmol)端炔基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 60Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL吡啶和50mL甲苯加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60℃的温度下加入1.465g(7.7mmol)催化剂CuI和0.0385mol配体1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60℃下反应2.5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B4。
实施例10
(1)将6.836g(2.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为季戊四醇、结构式为R 1[(EO) 10(PO) 60(N 3)] 4)、24.616g(4.0mmol)端炔基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 100Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL四氢呋喃和50mL三乙胺加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在90℃的温度下加入0.629g(3.9mmol)催化剂CuSO 4和0.0197mol配体N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在90℃下反应3h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B5。
实施例11
(1)将7.716g(2.0mmol)的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇(R 1为蔗糖、结构式为R 1[(EO) 30(PO) 40(N 3)] 6)、18.9246g(6.0mmol)端炔 基聚硅氧烷CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] 50Si(Me) 2C≡CH、50mL四氢呋喃和50mL二甲基乙酰胺加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在100℃的温度下加入0.133g(1.3mmol)催化剂CuCl和0.0067mol配体四甲基乙二胺;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在100℃下反应4h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B6。
对比例4(与实施例6对比,选择传统的硅聚醚)
参考专利CN104130879A中的制备方法制备硅聚醚B7(含氢聚有机硅氧烷、不饱和聚醚和α-烯烃反应得到的改性聚有机硅氧烷)
对比例5(与实施例7对比,选择传统的硅聚醚)
参考专利CN104130879A中的制备方法制备硅聚醚B8(含氢聚有机硅氧烷、不饱和聚醚和双乙烯基封端聚有机硅氧烷反应得到的改性聚有机硅氧烷)
对比例6(与实施例8对比,选择传统的硅聚醚)
参考专利CN101298027A中的制备方法制备硅聚醚B9(高粘度含氢硅油和不饱和聚醚反应得到)
透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂实施例
实施例12
将10g有机硅活性物A1和60g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B1混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入25g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的 直链烷基醇,C为1,a为20,b为80)和5g比表面积为90g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M1
实施例13
将30g有机硅活性物A2和20g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B2混合,升温至150℃,搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为100rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入43g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为乙二醇,C为2,a为10,b为40)和7g比表面积为100g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为100rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M2
实施例14
将20g有机硅活性物A3和47g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B3混合,升温至100℃,搅拌1h,搅拌转速为300rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入20g聚醚多元醇R 3[(PO) bH] c(R为丙三醇,C为3,a为0,b为60)和3g比表面积为300g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为300rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M3
实施例15
将15g有机硅活性物A4和21g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B4混合,升温至80℃,搅拌1.2h,搅拌转速为250rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入60g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为丙二醇,C为2,a为15,b为55)和4g比表面积为200g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D, 搅拌1.8h,搅拌转速为200rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M4
实施例16
将25g有机硅活性物A5和50g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B5混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入21g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的直链烷基醇,C为1,a为10,b为50)和4g比表面积为120g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M5
实施例17
将30g有机硅活性物A1和55g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B6混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入21g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的直链烷基醇,C为1,a为10,b为50)和4g比表面积为120g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M6
对比例7
将10g有机硅活性物A6和60g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B1混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入25g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的直链烷基醇,C为1,a为20,b为80)和5g比表面积为90g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通 过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M7
对比例8
将30g有机硅活性物A7和20g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B2混合,升温至150℃,搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为100rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入43g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为乙二醇,C为2,a为10,b为40)和7g比表面积为100g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为100rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M8
对比例9
将20g有机硅活性物A8和47g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B3混合,升温至100℃,搅拌1h,搅拌转速为300rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入20g聚醚多元醇R 3[(PO) bH] c(R为丙三醇,C为3,a为0,b为60)和3g比表面积为300g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为300rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M9
对比例10
将15g有机硅活性物A4和21g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B84混合,升温至80℃,搅拌1.2h,搅拌转速为250rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入60g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为丙二醇,C为2,a为15,b为55)和4g比表面积为200g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌1.8h,搅拌转速为200rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M10
对比例11
将25g有机硅活性物A5和50g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B9混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入21g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的直链烷基醇,C为1,a为10,b为50)和4g比表面积为120g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M11
对比例12
将30g有机硅活性物A1和55g特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B9混合,升温至50℃,搅拌1.5h,搅拌转速为600rpm;保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入21g聚醚多元醇R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c(R为C16-C18的直链烷基醇,C为1,a为10,b为50)和4g比表面积为120g/cm 2的疏水白炭黑D,搅拌2.0h,搅拌转速为600rpm;将上述混合物通过胶体磨进行均质化后,即可得到所述的液体洗涤剂的消泡剂M12
对比例13
参考专利CN104436767A实施例1制备液体洗涤剂消泡剂M13
对比例14
参考专利CN104130879AA实施例1制备液体洗涤剂消泡剂M14
有机硅消泡剂性能测试:
(1)消泡剂自身稳定性测试:将有机硅消泡剂组合物于-4℃~40℃12小时间隔循环放置一周、二周、四周、八周后,目测消泡剂组合物状态。测试结果见表1,等级越高,消泡剂稳定性越差。
根据以下等级目测:
1=流动性好,未析出、分层。
2=流动性好;有可见的较小的硅氧烷析出。
3=密度分布不均匀,有较大的硅氧烷聚集团。
4=明显分层
表1:有机硅消泡剂组合物自身稳定性
  一周 两周 四周 八周
实施例12 1 1 1 1
实施例13 1 1 1 1
实施例14 1 1 1 1
实施例15 1 1 1 1
实施例16 1 1 1 1
实施例17 1 1 1 1
对比例7 1 1 1 1
对比例8 3 3 4 4
对比例9 1 2 3 4
对比例10 2 2 3 3
对比例11 2 3 3 3
对比例12 1 2 2 3
对比例13 1 1 1 1
对比例14 1 1 1 1
(2)与洗衣液相容性测试:分别使用稳定性和浊度进行表示。将有机硅消泡剂组合物以0.2%的添加量添加到液体洗衣液中,于-4℃~40℃进行12小时间隔循环放置一周、二周、四周、八周后,目测消泡剂组合物状态,等级越高,相容性越差。浊度用WGZ-B型台式浊度分析仪测试浊度值(单位:NTU);浊度值越大,混合物越浑浊。测试 结果分别见表2和表3。
根据以下等级目测:
1 #=未析出、分层。
2 #=洗衣液表面或壁面有较小的硅氧烷析出。
3 #=洗衣液表面或壁面有较大的硅氧烷析出。
4 #=洗衣液表面或壁面有成团的硅氧烷析出。
表2:有机硅消泡剂组合物在洗衣液中稳定性的测试
  一周 两周 四周 八周
实施例12 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
实施例13 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
实施例14 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
实施例15 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
实施例16 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
实施例17 1 # 1 # 1 # 1 #
对比例7 1 # 1 # 1 # 2 #
对比例8 4 # 4 # 4 # 4 #
对比例9 2 # 3 # 3 # 4 #
对比例10 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 #
对比例11 2 # 3 # 3 # 3 #
对比例12 1 # 2 # 2 # 3 #
对比例13 1 # 1 # 2 # 2 #
对比例14 1 # 2 # 2 # 3 #
表3:有机硅消泡剂组合物在洗衣液中浊度的测试
Figure PCTCN2019106296-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019106296-appb-000002
(3)在液体洗涤剂中的机洗衰减性能测试
将有机硅消泡剂组合物以0.2%的添加量添加到液体洗衣液中,于-4℃~40℃进行12小时间隔循环放置一周、二周、四周、八周后,往西门子滚筒洗衣机里加入50.1g混有消泡剂组合物的洗涤剂和10kg水,测试程序为牛仔程序,总机洗时间为35min,机洗温度为30℃。洗衣机的视窗上标有0%-100%度量标示,分别为视窗高的0,25%,50%,75%,100%。“0”为起始,表示无泡沫,“100%”表示充满泡沫。机洗35min时记录泡沫高度。数值越大,表明洗衣机中的泡沫刻度值越高,抑泡性就越差;相同时间内泡沫刻度值越低,说明产品抑泡性能越好。放置不同时间下,35min的机洗测试结果见表4
表4在液体洗涤剂中的机洗衰减性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2019106296-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019106296-appb-000004
对于自身和在洗衣液中的稳定性,实施例12-17消泡剂组合物均表现出优越的稳定性,且具有较小的浊度;对比例10-12表明,普通的支链型和交联型聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷乳化制备的有机硅活性物稳定性较差,而通过“点击化学”技术制备的特定空间网状结构的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷对该有机硅活性物具有很好的包裹和分散能力。对比例13和14分别是经过胶体磨处理的本体型和水包油乳液产品,其在洗衣液中的性能的衰减性明显快于实施例12-17,说明过胶体磨之前添加的疏水二氧化硅可以提高消泡剂的抑泡效果,有效抑制其在洗衣液中性能的衰减。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于透明液体洗涤剂的消泡剂,其特征在于,所述消泡剂包括以下组分:
    A、有机硅活性物
    所述有机硅活性物由聚有机硅氧烷A(I)、高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷A(II)、端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷A(III)、催化剂A(IV)、二氧化硅A(V)和有机硅树脂A(VI)制备而成,用量占消泡剂总质量的5~40%;
    所述的聚有机硅氧烷A(I)结构通式为:R aSiO (4-a)/2,其中a的取值为1.9~2.2,R为一价的取代或非取代的碳原子数为1~20的烃基,可以相同或不同,选自甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、丁基、异丁基、苯基、苯甲基;所述聚有机硅氧烷A(I)在25℃时的动力粘度为2000~10000mPa·s,用量为有机硅活性物总质量的40~80%;
    所述的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷A(II)结构通式如下:H kMe 3-kSiO(MeHSiO) v(Me 2SiO) wSiMe 3-kH k,Me为甲基,下标k是0或1,v是2~100的整数,w是20~300的整数,每个分子具有至少2个硅键合的氢原子;所述的高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷在25℃时的动力粘度为2000~10000mPa·s,用量为有机硅活性物总质量的0.1~10%;
    所述的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷A(III)的结构通式如下:CH 2=CH(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] zSi(Me) 2CH=CH 2,Me为甲基,z是50~500的整数;所述的端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷的用量为有机硅活性物总质量的5~30%;
    所述的催化剂A(IV)选自铂-醇络合物、铂-烯烃络合物、铂-醇 盐络合物、铂-醚络合物、铂-酮络合物、氯铂酸异丙醇溶液或铂-乙烯基络合物;用量为有机硅活性物总质量的0.01~0.2%;
    所述的二氧化硅A(V)可以经过或未经过疏水化处理,选自气相二氧化硅,沉淀二氧化硅,比表面积为50~500m 2/g,所述的二氧化硅用量为消泡剂活性物总质量的1~15%;
    所述的有机硅树脂A(VI)指高度交联的空间网状结构的聚有机硅氧烷,由链节CH 3SiO 1/2(M单元)和链节SiO 4/2(Q单元)组成的MQ树脂,二者之间的摩尔比为(0.4~1.2):1.0,优选(0.5~0.8):1.0。所述的MQ树脂用量占有机硅活性物总质量的1~15%;
    所述的有机硅活性物的制备方法如下:(1)将聚有机硅氧烷、端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷、在烧杯中混合均匀,在40~140℃时加入催化剂;(2)缓慢滴加高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷,在60~150℃反应1.0~5.0h;(3)最后加入有机硅树脂、二氧化硅,在100~160℃保温1~5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.1~1.5h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物A。
    B、特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷
    所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷是由端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇B(I)、端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷B(II)、溶剂B(III)、催化剂B(IV)、配体B(V)通过“点击化学”(Click Chemistry)技术得到,其用量占消泡剂总质量的10~80%,;
    所述的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇B(I)结构通式为:R 1[(EO) m(PO) n(N 3)] g,其中,下标g为1~6的整数;R1为醇类或胺 类起始剂,选自丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、木糖醇、乙二胺、三乙烯二胺、山梨醇、蔗糖、双酚A、双酚S、甲苯二胺,其中EO为环氧乙烷,PO为环氧丙烷,m、n为聚合度,m为0~150的整数;n为0~150的整数;m,n不同时为0。其中N3为叠氮基;
    所述的端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷B(II)结构通式为:CH≡C(Me) 2SiO[(Me) 2SiO] pSi(Me) 2C≡CH,且叠氮基在有机硅上可以为侧基??,Me为甲基,p是20~200的整数;
    所述的溶剂B(III)为极性或非极性溶剂,选自四氢呋喃、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶、三乙胺;
    所述的催化剂B(IV)为铜系、铁系或铼系催化剂;
    所述的配体B(V)为含氮的多齿配体,选自N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、1,1,4,7,10,10–六甲基三亚乙基四胺和三(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)胺、N-正己基-2吡啶基甲酰胺、四甲基乙二胺;
    所述特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的制备方法为:(1)将端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇、端炔基聚硅氧烷、溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60~120℃的温度下加入催化剂和配体;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60~120℃的温度下反应0.5~5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷。
    C、聚醚多元醇
    所述聚醚多元醇为具有如下通式中的结构:
    R 3[(EO) a(PO) bH] c
    其中:下标c为1~6的整数;EO为环氧乙烷,PO为环氧丙烷;R3为聚醚起始剂的反应残基,起始剂为C1~C30的直链或支链烷基醇;a、b为聚合度,a为1~100的整数,b为0~80的整数;用量占透明液体洗涤剂消泡剂总质量的10~80%;
    D、二氧化硅
    所述二氧化硅的用量占透明液体洗涤剂消泡剂总质量的1%~10%;
    一种用于透明洗涤剂的消泡剂的制备方法如下:
    (1)将上述有机硅活性物A和特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷B混合,升温至50~150℃,搅拌0.5~1.5h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;
    (2)保持温度不变,边搅拌边加入聚醚多元醇C和疏水白炭黑D,搅拌1.0~2.0h,搅拌转速为100~600rpm;
    (3)将上述混合物通过胶体磨或均质机进行均质化后,即可得到所述的消泡剂M。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的催化剂A(IV)优选氯铂酸异丙醇溶液。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的二氧化硅A(V)优选疏水二氧化硅,比表面积优选90~300m 2/g。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的有机硅树脂A(VI)中链节CH 3SiO 1/2(M单元)和链节SiO 4/2(Q单元)二者之间的摩尔比优选(0.5~0.8):1.0。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的有机硅活性物的制备方法如下:将聚有机硅 氧烷、端乙烯基聚有机硅氧烷、在烧杯中混合均匀,在40~140℃时加入催化剂;缓慢滴加高粘度含氢聚有机硅氧烷,在60~150℃反应1.0~5.0h;最后加入有机硅树脂、二氧化硅,在100~160℃保温1~5h,将混合物在-0.095MPa真空度下维持0.1~1.5h,最后冷却到室温,即得有机硅活性物。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇B(I),下标g优选3~6的整数;R 1优选甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖;m优选0~40的整数;n优选0~100的整数。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的溶剂B(III)优选极性溶剂。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷,所述端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇、端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷摩尔比为2:3~2:6;催化剂的质量用量为端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇和端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷总质量的0.1~5%;配体的摩尔量与催化剂摩尔量的比值为1:1~10:1;溶剂质量与端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇和端炔基的聚有机硅氧烷总质量的质量比为4.5:1~9。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的制备方法为:(1)将端叠氮基封端的聚醚多元醇、端炔基聚硅氧烷、溶剂加入到反应器中,使得加入的反应物分散均匀后,在60~120℃的温度下加入催化剂和配体;(2)将步骤(1)的混合物在氮气的保护下,在60~120℃的温度下反应0.5~5h,通过炔基-叠氮环加成反应得到初产品;(3)将步骤(2)的初产品经过滤、浓缩即可得到所述的特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷。
  10. 如权利要求1所得的聚醚多元醇,下标c优选1~3的整数;R 3优选C16~C18的直链烷基醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、甘油三羟甲基丙烷;a优选0~20整数;b优选40~80整数。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的有机硅活性物的用量优选占消泡剂总质量的10~30%;特定空间的聚醚改性聚有机硅氧烷的用量优选占消泡剂总质量的20~60%;聚醚多元醇的用量优选占消泡剂总质量的20~60%;二氧化硅的用量优选占消泡剂总质量的3~7%。
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