WO2020213727A1 - 低温生長性が改良された細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物 - Google Patents
低温生長性が改良された細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/14—Asteraceae or Compositae, e.g. safflower, sunflower, artichoke or lettuce
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/14—Asteraceae or Compositae, e.g. safflower, sunflower, artichoke or lettuce
- A01H6/1472—Lactuca sativa [lettuce]
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8273—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for drought, cold, salt resistance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/022—Genic fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
- A01H1/023—Male sterility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/121—Plant growth habits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/122—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- A01H1/1225—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for drought, cold or salt resistance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/10—Seeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/12—Leaves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8287—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
- C12N15/8289—Male sterility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant with improved low temperature growth.
- Plant varieties include fixed varieties and F1 hybrid varieties (hereinafter referred to as "F1"), and F1 varieties are widespread among major crops.
- F1 varieties have great advantages such as vigorous growth due to heterosis, fast growth, and high yield.
- F1 varieties can be expected to improve resistance to pests and environmental adaptability such as cold resistance and heat resistance due to vigorous growth.
- genotypes of the F1 varieties are heterozygous but have the same genotype, the phenotype shows extremely high uniformity. Therefore, the marketability of the product is enhanced.
- useful traits controlled by dominant genes can be accumulated in parents of F1 varieties, rapid breeding becomes possible.
- parents When collecting F1 varieties, parents generally use self-fertilized (inbreeding) lines, and seed parents and pollen parents are selected from combinations that have a large effect of heterosis.
- CMS cytoplasmic male sterility
- Non-Patent Document 1 For example, in maize, F1 varieties introduced with T-type male sterile cytoplasm were bred, but in 1970, T-race of sesame leaf blight appeared, and T-type male sterile cytoplasm is specific to this pathogen. Because he was ill with corn, he was hit hard. For this reason, the use of T-type male sterile cytoplasm was immediately discontinued, and there was no choice but to revert to the conventional artificial sterilization method (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 1 CMS in petunia has been known for a long time, and its causative gene, S-pcf, is widely used as a research material.
- F1 varieties using this CMS cause delay in flowering, arrest of flower bud development, etc., and are therefore rarely used at present (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Ogura CMS is the most commonly used CMS for Japanese radish.
- the fertility recovery gene is present in the species, there is a problem that it is difficult to introduce CMS depending on the breeding line.
- a new NWB-CMS with different CMS factors was developed, and the introduction rate of CMS was improved.
- Patent Document 3 Furthermore, in Japanese radish, a small amount of sterile pollen was produced, and a novel CMS with improved efficiency of attracting pollinator insects was also developed.
- the CMS may be accompanied by poor traits or may cause fertility recovery, and the use of the CMS may be difficult or limited. ..
- the conventional CMS Lactuca genus plant described in Patent Document 1 has very excellent traits except that the low temperature growth may be reduced. Therefore, it was considered that the improvement of the problematic trait of low temperature growth using this CMS Lactuca plant as a material is a shortcut for development. However, since no effective method for improving the poor traits of CMS has been reported so far including all plants, it is considered that it is very difficult to develop CMS lettuce with improved low temperature growth. It was.
- the present invention provides a CMS Lactuca plant having a low temperature growth property and a low temperature growth property using the CMS Lactuca plant, in view of the fact that the low temperature growth property of the conventional CMS Lactuca plant is lowered. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing F1 seeds of a plant of the genus Lactuca having the above.
- asymmetric return fusion asymmetric cell fusion
- cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca genus plant of ⁇ 1> which has DNA derived from the mitochondrial genome of a Helianthus plant in the mitochondrial genome, or its progeny.
- cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant of ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, or its progeny obtained by performing asymmetric cell fusion using a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm as a cytoplasmic receptor parent multiple times.
- ⁇ 4> The above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3> obtained by performing asymmetric cell fusion using an existing cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant as a cytoplasmic donor and a normal cytoplasmic Lactuca plant as a cytoplasmic acceptor. Any of the cytoplasmic male sterile plants of the genus Lactuca, or progeny.
- Cyclic male sterile plant of the genus Lactuca is derived from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) or an interspecific hybrid plant of a plant of the genus Lactuca, any of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>. Sterile Lactuca plant, or its progeny.
- cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant having the mitochondrial genome of the plant identified by accession number FERM BP-22373, or a progeny.
- ⁇ 9> A part of the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant or a progeny plant according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>.
- ⁇ 10> The seed of the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant or its progeny according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>.
- ⁇ 11> Mitochondria contained in the cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, or its progeny, a part of the plant body of ⁇ 9>, or the seed of ⁇ 10>. genome.
- the plant or progeny obtained by asymmetric cell fusion is a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant, which is used as a cytoplasmic donor and is used as a cytoplasmic donor.
- one of the plants used for the first asymmetric cell fusion described above is a Lactuca plant having a normal cytoplasm, which comprises using this as a cytoplasmic acceptor to perform one or more asymmetric cell fusions.
- Asymmetric return fusion method is used.
- ⁇ 13> A method for improving the mitochondrial genome in the cytoplasm of a plant of the genus Lactuca by the method of ⁇ 12>.
- ⁇ 14> Equivalent to Lactuca spp. With normal cytoplasm, including asymmetric cell fusion using existing cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca spp. As cytoplasmic donor and Lactuca spp. With normal cytoplasm as cytoplasmic acceptor. A method for producing a cytoplasmic male sterile plant of the genus Lactuca, or a progeny thereof, which has low temperature growth. ⁇ 15> The method of ⁇ 14> above, wherein the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant is derived from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) or an interspecific hybrid plant of a Lactuca plant.
- cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8> or its progeny is used as a seed parent, and a Lactuca genus plant capable of mating with the plant is mated as a pollen parent, and after mating.
- a method for producing a F1 hybrid seed which comprises collecting a F1 hybrid seed from a seed parent.
- the pollen parent is lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) or an interspecific hybrid plant of a plant of the genus Lactuca.
- ⁇ 19> The usefulness comprising continuously backcrossing a cytoplasmic male sterile plant of the genus Lactuca having any of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, or a plant of the genus Lactuca having a useful trait, and replacing the cytoplasm.
- ⁇ 20> The method of ⁇ 19> above, wherein the plant of the genus Lactuca having a useful trait is derived from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).
- the present invention it is possible to provide an improved CMS Lactuca genus plant with improved low temperature growth.
- the improved CMS Lactuca genus plant according to the present invention it is possible to efficiently collect F1 seeds of the Lactuca genus plant having low temperature growth.
- asymmetric return fusion method of the present invention it is possible to improve the cytoplasm, particularly the mitochondrial genome.
- the figure shows the germination test of "Thermy” (A) having a normal cytoplasm and "Thermy” (B) having a conventional CMS cytoplasm 17 days after sowing in a greenhouse environment with a night temperature of 0 ° C and a day temperature of 20 ° C. The result is shown.
- the figure shows the 17th day after sowing of "V lettuce” (A) having normal cytoplasm and "V lettuce” (B) having conventional CMS cytoplasm in a greenhouse environment where the night temperature is set to 0 ° C and the day temperature is set to 20 ° C.
- the germination test results are shown.
- the figure shows "V lettuce” (A) having normal cytoplasm and "V lettuce” having conventional CMS cytoplasm when the artificial meteorological instrument is set to the optimum temperature conditions for growth (night temperature 20 ° C, day temperature 20 ° C, 12-hour lighting).
- the germination test result 16 days after sowing of "V lettuce” (B) is shown.
- the figure shows "V lettuce” (A) having normal cytoplasm and “V” having conventional CMS cytoplasm when the artificial meteorological instrument is set to low temperature conditions (night temperature 5 ° C, day temperature 20 ° C, 12 hours light period).
- the germination test result of 17 days after sowing of "lettuce” (B) is shown.
- the figure shows the 17th day after sowing of "V lettuce” (A) having a normal cytoplasm and "V lettuce” (B) having an improved CMS cytoplasm in a greenhouse environment where the night temperature is set to 0 ° C and the day temperature is set to 20 ° C.
- the germination test results are shown.
- the figure shows 17 days after sowing of "M8-039" (A) having a normal cytoplasm and "M8-039” (B) having an improved CMS cytoplasm in a greenhouse environment with a night temperature of 0 ° C and a day temperature of 20 ° C.
- the results of the eye germination test are shown.
- the figure shows the germination test of "Steady” (A) having normal cytoplasm and "Steady” (B) having improved CMS cytoplasm 17 days after sowing in a greenhouse environment with a night temperature of 0 ° C and a day temperature of 20 ° C. The result is shown.
- the figure shows "Steady” (A) with normal cytoplasm and "Steady” (B) with improved CMS cytoplasm in a low temperature environment of an artificial meteorological instrument (night temperature 5 ° C, day temperature 16 ° C, 12 hours light period).
- the germination test result on the 17th day after sowing is shown.
- the figure shows the state when BC7 generations of "Steady” (A) and "BF2MS1S” (B) having normal cytoplasm were planted in a field (Azumino City, Nagano Prefecture) and grown until the heading stage.
- the present invention relates to cytoplasmic male sterility Lactuca plants or progeny with improved low temperature growth as compared to the past. As described above, this can be expressed as a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant having a low temperature growth equivalent to that of a Lactuca plant having a normal cytoplasm, or a progeny.
- low temperature growth means the growth of seedlings under low temperature conditions.
- low temperature means a state in which Lactuca plants are originally lower than the appropriate temperature conditions for growth, and the average temperature of the day is low, and only a part of the day ( For example, the case where the temperature becomes low (at night) is also included.
- the low temperature may be, for example, when the day temperature is 20 ° C., the night temperature is lower than the day temperature, for example, the night temperature is 5 to 0 ° C.
- Low temperature growth is quantitative by cultivating the target plant under the same low temperature conditions, weighing and comparing the above-ground part of the seedling, and comparing it with the result of cultivating under appropriate temperature conditions. Can be evaluated.
- normal cytoplasm is typically used to mean that the cytoplasm of a plant exhibiting male sterility, that is, the male sterility cytoplasm, is normal without showing sterility. ..
- “equivalent” means the value of Lactuca plants having normal cytoplasm when the low temperature growth is measured by the weight of the above-ground part of the seedling.
- the measured value in the target plant is within a range that can fluctuate within 25% (preferably within 20%, more preferably within 15%, still more preferably within 10%). Therefore, for example, when the measured value of the target plant is 90% of the value of the normal plant with respect to the value of the above-ground part weight of the seedling of "Lactuca genus plant having normal cytoplasm", the above-mentioned Corresponds to a fluctuation of 10%. Equivalence does not exclude cases that exceed the low temperature growth of "Lactuca plants with normal cytoplasm".
- progeny includes progeny using a maintenance line of a cytoplasmic male sterility plant, as well as a cytoplasmic male sterility plant according to the present invention and a plant of the genus Lactuca capable of hybridizing with the plant. Hybrids obtained by crossing with are also included. Therefore, for the "progeny", for example, by mating a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant according to the present invention as a seed parent (female parent) and a Lactuca plant capable of mating with the plant as a pollen parent (male parent). What is obtained is also included.
- the "progeny” also includes, for example, a plant produced by cell fusion of a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant according to the present invention and a plant capable of fusing the Lactuca genus plant, and an interspecies hybrid plant.
- Lactuca plants are Lactuca sativa L., L. serriola, L. aculeate, L. scarioloides, L. azerbaijanica, L. georgica, L. drageana, L. altaica, L. saligna, L. virosa, It is preferably L. tatarica, L. indica, or L. debilis, or an interspecific hybrid plant thereof, and among them, an interspecific hybrid of L. sativa L. or Lactuca genus plant, which is a cultivated species of Lactuca genus plant. Plants are preferred, more preferably L. sativa L.
- the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant or its progeny of the present invention has DNA in the mitochondrial genome derived from the mitochondrial genome of the Helianthus plant.
- Plant of the genus Helianthus is a cultivated variety of sunflower among the plants of the genus Helianthus, Helianthus annuus L.
- Preferable is a cytoplasmic replacement line of rigidus, H. salicifolius, H. anomalus, H. bolanderi, H. exilis, H. maximiliani, H. neglectus, H. praecox, or H. annuus L. with cytoplasm derived from H. tuberosus. ..
- asymmetric cell fusion means that one of the nuclear genomes of the isolated protoplasts used for cell fusion is inactivated in advance before being fused, and then cell fusion is performed using the nuclear genome.
- a cell that inactivates the nuclear genome at the time of fusion and donates the cytoplasm to the fused cell by cell fusion is called a cytoplasm donor.
- a cytoplasmic accepting parent is a substance that maintains the nuclear genome without inactivating it during fusion and accepts the cytoplasm from the cytoplasmic donor.
- one of the plants used for the first asymmetric cell fusion is cytoplasmic while the plant or its progeny obtained by the asymmetric cell fusion is used as the cytoplasm donor parent. It is used as a receptor parent to perform further asymmetric cell fusion at least once (preferably once). That is, in the asymmetric return fusion, the asymmetric cell fusion is performed twice or more, including the first time.
- the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant of the present invention is subjected to asymmetric cell fusion using a Lactuca plant having a normal cytoplasm as a cytoplasmic acceptor a plurality of times, that is, two or more times. Obtainable.
- the cytoplasmic male sterility plant of the present invention uses an existing cytoplasmic male sterility plant of the genus Lactuca as a cytoplasmic donor, and a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm is used as a cytoplasm. It can be obtained by performing asymmetric cell fusion used as a accepting parent.
- the existing cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant means a cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant before being improved in the present invention, that is, a conventional cytoplasmic male-sterile Lactuca plant.
- the existing cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant has room for improvement in low temperature growth, that is, the low temperature growth is reduced as compared with the Lactuca plant having normal cytoplasm. Means.
- the cytoplasmic male sterility plant of the present invention is a cytoplasmic male sterility plant having DNA derived from the mitochondrial genome of the Helianthus plant in the mitochondrial genome. , Or its successor, It can be obtained by performing asymmetric cell fusion multiple times using a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm as a cytoplasmic accepting parent, or a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm using an existing cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant as a cytoplasmic donor parent. Is obtained by performing asymmetric cell fusion using as a cytoplasmic receptor parent.
- the cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant according to the present invention is a Lactuca plant having the mitochondrial genome of the plant specified by Accession No. FERM BP-22373 (described later) or subsequently. It is a generation, more preferably a plant of the genus Lactuca specified by accession number FERM BP-22373, or a progeny.
- an asymmetric return fusion method in a plant comprises performing one or more asymmetric cell fusions using one of the plant or progeny obtained by asymmetric cell fusion and the plant used for the first asymmetric cell fusion described above.
- the plant obtained by the above-mentioned asymmetric cell fusion or its progeny is a cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca genus plant, which is used as a cytoplasmic donor and used for the first asymmetric cell fusion.
- One is a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm, which is used as a cytoplasmic receptor parent to perform asymmetric cell fusion.
- a method for improving the mitochondrial genome in the cytoplasm of a plant is provided by the above-mentioned asymmetric return fusion method.
- the cytoplasmic hybrid Lactuca plant or its protoplast "part of a plant” includes, and is specific, one or more cells of the plant or cytoplasm from one or more cells.
- the improved cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca plant according to the present invention can be produced, for example, according to the following procedure. (1) Preparation of protoplasts (i) Isolation of protoplasts from plants with normal cytoplasm (ii) Isolation of protoplasts from cytoplasmic male sterile plants (2) Fusion treatment of protoplasts (3) Culture of fused hybrid cells (4) Regeneration of plants from callus (5) Selection of cytoplasmic hybrid plants (6) Selection of excellent lines (7) Continuous backcrossing of excellent lines (8) Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterile plants and production of F1 seeds
- production method can also be rephrased as the "production method”. That is, the terms “production” and “manufacturing” here are used interchangeably.
- the plants of the genus Lactuca used as cytoplasmic recipients are Lactuca sativa L., L. serriola, L. aculeate, L. scarioloides, L. azerbaijanica, L. georgica, L. dregeana, L. altaica, L. saligna, L. virosa, L. tatarica, L. indica, or L. debilis, or their interspecific hybrid plants Of these, L. sativa L., which is a cultivated species of a plant belonging to the genus Lactuca, is preferable.
- mesophyll tissue having high yield and high mitotic activity
- other tissues such as hypocotyl, stem and callus may also be used as materials. ..
- the method for isolating the protoplast may be a commonly used method known in the art (for example, the method described in Matsumoto, E, Plant cell reports, 1991. vol9 (10), etc.) and is not particularly limited.
- the following shows procedures as specific examples, but the present invention is not necessarily bound by them.
- the cell tissue of a plant of the genus Lactuca is shredded, and the protoplast is isolated by enzymatic treatment using an enzyme solution for protoplast isolation.
- This solution is an inorganic salt buffer solution mainly containing a cell wall degrading enzyme and an osmoregulator.
- the cell wall degrading enzyme is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for decomposing the cell wall of a plant, and examples thereof include cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase.
- a combination of cellulase Y-C and macerozyme R-10 is preferable.
- osmoregulator general sugar alcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, glucose and the like can be used, mannitol is preferable, and mannitol having a concentration of 0.3M to 0.7M is particularly preferable.
- an inorganic salt to the enzyme solution in order to stabilize the protoplast membrane, and for example, it is preferable to add a CPW salt (Cocking and Peberdy, 1974) having the composition shown in Table 1 below. is there.
- the enzyme treatment is preferably a standing treatment at 25 to 30 ° C. for 8 to 20 hours.
- Protoplasts isolated by enzyme treatment are filtered through a nylon mesh with a pore size of 30 to 100 ⁇ m, centrifuged to collect protoplasts, and the enzyme solution is removed. The protoplasts are then suspended in the wash solution to wash the protoplasts.
- a commonly used CPW salt solution to which sugar alcohols are added as an osmotic pressure adjusting agent can be used.
- the inactivation treatment can be carried out by suspending protoplasts in a CPW salt solution or the like in which an iodine compound such as iodoacetic acid or iodoacetamide is dissolved.
- an iodine compound such as iodoacetic acid or iodoacetamide is dissolved.
- the suspension of protoplasts also contains fragments of conduits and cells, it is preferable to further purify the protoplasts by a density gradient centrifugation method or the like.
- the reagent used for purification include saccharides and synthetic colloids.
- the use of a sucrose solution is preferable, and the use of a sucrose solution of 15% to 20% is particularly preferable.
- the cell density is measured by a hemocytometer, and the liquid volume is adjusted with a CPW salt solution so that the cell density is suitable for cell fusion.
- the cell density of protoplast is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml, and the use of CPW salt solution is preferable for adjusting the liquid volume.
- the CMS Lactuca plant used as an isolated cytoplasmic donor of the protoplast of the conventional CMS Lactuca plant is not particularly limited as long as it has cytoplasmic male sterility, but has a stable CMS. Plants of the genus Lactuca are preferred. Specifically, for example, as the cytoplasm donor, it is preferable to use the conventional CMS Lactuca plant (accession number FERM BP-10647) described in Patent Document 1.
- Isolation of the protoplasts of conventional CMS Lactuca plants can be performed, for example, according to the same method as the above-mentioned isolation of protoplasts of Lactuca plants.
- an isolated conventional CMS Lactuca plant protoplast in which the nuclear gene is inactivated by radiation treatment.
- the radiation to be irradiated for the radiation treatment include X-rays, ⁇ -rays, ultraviolet rays, and the like, but the radiation is not particularly limited as long as the nuclear gene can be inactivated.
- the irradiation dose is preferably as low as possible within the range in which the nuclear gene can be inactivated. For example, in the case of soft X-ray irradiation in the present invention, an irradiation amount of 100 Gy to 900 Gy is preferable.
- both types of protoplasts obtained above are mixed and cell fusion is performed.
- the fusion method conventional methods, for example, known electric fusion method (Planta, 151, 26-32, 1981), PEG (polyethylene glycol) method (Planta, 120, 215-227, 1974), dextran method (Jap) . J. Genet., 50, 235, 1975), etc., but are not particularly limited.
- the PEG method is preferably used.
- the cells obtained by the fusion treatment are preferably cultured in a medium suitable for culturing protoplasts derived from plants of the genus Lactuca.
- a medium suitable for culturing protoplasts derived from plants of the genus Lactuca Various methods are known as a method for culturing protoplasts derived from plants of the genus Lactuca, and the method is not limited, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use a method modified from the method of Patent Document 1.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 1 asymmetric cell fusion is performed by a combination of a Helianthus protoplast and a Lactuca plant protoplast.
- asymmetric cell fusion of a combination of plant protoplasts of the genus Lactuca is obtained. Therefore, the fusion cells can be more preferably cultured by examining the optimum type and concentration of the plant growth regulator. It will be possible. Specific examples of such optimum conditions include plant growth regulators NAA ( ⁇ -Naphthaleneacetic Acid), 4-CPPU (N- (2-Chloro-4-pyridyl) -N'-phenylurea), and TDZ ( By properly combining Thidiazuron), fused cells can be efficiently cultured.
- NAA ⁇ -Naphthaleneacetic Acid
- 4-CPPU N- (2-Chloro-4-pyridyl) -N'-phenylurea
- TDZ By properly combining Thidiazuron), fused cells can be efficiently cultured.
- Regenerative fusion cells of plants from callus are cultured, and when cell division is started and callus can be visually confirmed, the callus is transplanted into a redifferentiation medium and redifferentiated.
- a redifferentiation medium a conventional medium can be used, and although the reaction differs depending on the state of the plant of the genus Lactuca and the callus used as the material, for example, an MS medium containing 0.3 to 1.0 mg / l 4-CPPU is used. It is suitable to use.
- the regenerated shoots are transplanted to a rooting medium, for example, a 1/2 concentration MS medium to root and regenerate the plant.
- the regenerated plants are acclimatized and grown in the greenhouse.
- the marker that can be used here is not particularly limited as long as it is a marker that can specifically amplify only the mitochondrial DNA sequence derived from the conventional CMS Lactuca genus plant.
- the cytoplasmic hybrid plant can be efficiently selected by performing PCR analysis using a marker capable of specifically amplifying the mitochondrial DNA sequence.
- the selection of cytoplasmic hybrid plants can be carried out with reference to the method of Patent Document 1 as appropriate, if necessary.
- the above confirmation by the PCR method is preferably performed at the callus stage, but it may be performed at another stage, for example, an acclimatized plant. Furthermore, it is desirable to select diploids by performing a ploidy test by measuring the DNA content by flow cytometry or observing the chromosomes, and to eliminate the higher-order polyploids. Since recombination of the mitochondrial genome by asymmetric cell fusion occurs frequently and randomly, it is desirable to produce 300 or more diploid cytoplasmic hybrid plants.
- sowing is carried out under low-temperature conditions, and it is desirable to set night temperature 0 to 5 ° C and day temperature 15 to 20 ° C as temperature conditions. ..
- the low-temperature growth is compared with the produced CMS line, and individuals showing the same or higher low-temperature growth are selected.
- an individual showing the same or higher low temperature growth cannot be obtained, it is desirable to select an individual having a relatively high low temperature growth and use it again as a cytoplasm donor parent of asymmetric cell fusion.
- the process proceeds to the next step of continuous backcrossing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 suggests that the cytoplasm requires continuous backcrossing for 5 or more generations before it reaches a homoplasmic state. Therefore, in order to produce a CMS line having low temperature growth, it is desirable to repeat selection and backcrossing using low temperature growth as an index for 5 generations or more until the low temperature growth becomes stable.
- an improved CMS line that uses that line for actual breeding that is, cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca with improved low-temperature growth
- cytoplasmic male sterile Lactuca with improved low-temperature growth Select as a plant
- Lactuca plants that is, Lactuca plants having useful traits
- CMS can be easily converted to CMS. That is, by using the improved CMS line deposited in the present invention, any plant of the genus Lactuca that can be mated can be made into a good CMS plant without using the asymmetric return fusion technique that requires skill.
- Example 1 Creation of improved CMS Lactuca plant (1) Preparation of protoplasts (i) Isolation of protoplasts of plants of the genus Lactuca having normal cytoplasm As a plant of the genus Lactuca having normal cytoplasm, lettuce variety "Steady" (available from Turta Seed Co., Ltd.) was used. First, the sterilized seeds were placed on an MS medium containing 10 g / l of sucrose and 8 g / l of agar, and cultured at 20 ° C. for 16 hours under illumination for 1 month.
- the enzyme solution containing leaf tissue was filtered through a 92 ⁇ m nylon mesh to remove cell residues.
- the obtained protoplast suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 800 rpm for 5 minutes.
- the obtained protoplasts obtained by removing the supernatant were suspended in 5 ml of a CPW salt solution containing 15 mM iodoacetamide, and incubated at 25 ° C. for 15 minutes. After incubation, the iodoacetamide-treated protoplast suspension was centrifuged at 800 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. 10 ml of CPW salt solution was added to the protoplast suspension, and the operation of centrifuging at 800 rpm for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant was repeated 3 times to wash the protoplast.
- the washed protoplast suspension was centrifuged at 800 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was removed, and 2 ml of CPW salt solution was added to suspend the protoplast.
- 5 ml of a CPW salt solution containing 20% sucrose was added to a new centrifuge tube, the suspension of the above protoplast was layered on it, and centrifugation was performed at 800 rpm for 5 minutes.
- the cell debris sank to the bottom of the centrifuge tube and the purified protoplasts floated into the upper CPW salt solution layer and were transferred to a new centrifuge tube with a Pasteur pipette. A small amount of the suspension was taken, the cell density of protoplast was determined using a hemocytometer, and CPW solution was added to prepare 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml.
- the sterilized seeds were placed on an MS medium containing 10 g / l of sucrose and 8 g / l of agar, and cultured at 20 ° C. for 16 hours under illumination for 1 month. Approximately 1 g of the developed true leaf was collected, chopped to a size of approximately 2 mm, and then immersed in 10 ml of a CPW salt solution containing 0.4% cellulase Y-C, 0.4% macerozyme R-10, and mannitol. The mixture was allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the enzyme solution containing leaf tissue was filtered through a 92 ⁇ m nylon mesh to remove cell residues.
- the protoplast was transferred to a plastic petri dish with a Pasteur pipette and irradiated with 900 Gy of soft X-rays.
- the obtained protoplast suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 800 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was removed, and 2 ml of CPW salt solution was added to suspend the protoplast.
- 5 ml of a CPW salt solution containing 20% sucrose was added to a new centrifuge tube, the suspension of the above protoplast was layered on it, and centrifugation was performed at 800 rpm for 5 minutes.
- the cell debris sank to the bottom of the centrifuge tube and the purified protoplasts floated into the upper CPW salt solution layer and were transferred to a new centrifuge tube with a Pasteur pipette.
- a small amount of the suspension was taken, the cell density of protoplast was determined using a hemocytometer, and a CPW salt solution was added to prepare 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml.
- CPW salt solution After 1 minute, 3.5 ml of CPW salt solution was added dropwise around the protoplast mixture. After another 2 minutes, 3.5 ml of CPW salt solution was added dropwise around the protoplast mixture. After 5 minutes, the dropped liquid was gently sucked up and removed from the edge of the petri dish, and 20 ml of CPW salt solution was added from the edge of the petri dish. The operation of washing with this CPW salt solution was repeated 3 times at 5-minute intervals.
- the medium containing the fused hybrid cells was transferred together with the gel into 10 ml of the lettuce protoplast culture medium in which the sucrose concentration was modified to 0.15 M. Twenty days after the start of culturing, the callus can be visually confirmed. Therefore, the cultivated callus is mixed with a lettuce protoplast culture medium containing 0.2 M sucrose and 0.3% gellan gum (solid medium, pH 5.8). ) Was transplanted.
- Cytoplasmic hybrid plants were transplanted to vermiculite, acclimatized, and cultivated in a greenhouse.
- PCR was performed using the extracted whole genomic DNA as a template and a combination of primers atp6-F and atp6-R.
- heat denaturation at 94 ° C. for 1 minute, annealing at 60 ° C. for 2 minutes, and extension reaction at 72 ° C. for 2 minutes were repeated for 35 cycles.
- the PCR product was electrophoresed on a 1.8% agarose gel, immersed in an ethidium bromide solution, and then photographed under UV irradiation to confirm the presence or absence of an amplified product of the expected size (209 bp), and amplification was confirmed. Individuals were selected.
- Example 2 Detailed breeding process of the improved CMS line
- the CMS line "BF2MS1S" produced in Example 1 was crossed with lettuce having normal cytoplasm (cultivar “Steady"), and 156 grains of BC1 (backcross progeny) were crossed.
- the seeds of 1st generation) were obtained.
- the obtained BC1 seeds, 156 seeds, were sown in a 288-hole tray and raised in a greenhouse set at a night temperature of 0 ° C. and a day temperature of 20 ° C.
- the seedlings of BC1 showed high low temperature growth as a whole, but there was some variation in germination. Twenty-four lines with excellent low-temperature growth were selected from 156 germinated individuals of BC1 seeds, and steady backcrossing was performed to obtain BC2 seeds.
- BC2 seedlings showed high low temperature growth overall. Germination was improved over BC1 seedlings, although there was some variation. From the germinated individuals of 480 BC2 seeds, 38 lines having excellent low temperature growth were selected and backcrossed with steady to obtain BC3 seeds.
- BC7 seeds of the obtained BC7 seeds were sown in a 288-hole tray and raised in a greenhouse under the same conditions.
- the seedlings of BC7 showed high low temperature growth, and no variation in germination was observed. From the germinated individuals of 96 BC7 seeds, one line with excellent low temperature growth was subjected to steady backcrossing to obtain BC8 seeds.
- BC8 seeds of the obtained BC8 seeds were sown in a 288-hole tray and raised in a greenhouse under the same conditions. Since the seedlings of BC8 had high low-temperature growth and no variation in germination was observed, it was considered that the cytoplasm was homoplasmicized and stable. From 96 germinated individuals of BC8 seeds, one line with excellent low temperature growth was subjected to steady backcrossing to obtain BC9 seeds.
- Example 3 Confirmation of characteristics of improved CMS lettuce by germination test
- a germination test of lettuce having various normal cytoplasms and CMS cytoplasms was performed. Since lettuce may have different seed quality and germination ability depending on the seeding environment, all the lines used in this example were seeded in the same environment. In addition, since lettuce seeds may be dormant, all germination tests of this example were carried out after the cell tray after sowing was refrigerated in a refrigerator at 4 ° C. for 2 days to ensure breakthrough of dormancy. ..
- 1216-2-T1 is a progeny obtained by crossing "Thermy” (Sakata Seed Corporation) with the CMS line "1216-2”, and is the seed of "1216-T1".
- Thermy Sakata Seed Corporation
- Patent Document 1 accession number FERM BP-1042
- FIG. 1 shows the results of germination tests 17 days after sowing of "Thermy” and "1216-T1". It was confirmed that "1216-T1" had a very poor germination alignment and was visually inferior in low temperature growth as compared with "Thermy”.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of "V lettuce” and "50125-3-V1". It was confirmed that "50125-3-V1" had poor germination alignment and was visually inferior in low temperature growth as compared with "V lettuce”.
- the germination test was also conducted in an artificial environment using an artificial meteorological instrument, which is not affected by the natural environment.
- a germination test of the conventional CMS lettuce "50125-3-V1" described in Patent Document 1 under suitable growth temperature conditions was carried out using an artificial meteorological instrument.
- the setting of the artificial meteorological instrument was set to lettuce germination, suitable temperature for growth, constant temperature of 20 ° C., and lighting for 12 hours.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of the germination test on the 16th day after sowing of "V lettuce” and "50125-3-V1" when the artificial meteorological instrument was set to the optimum temperature conditions for growth. “50125-3-V1” under the optimum temperature condition showed a growth property that was not inferior to that of “V lettuce” visually.
- a germination test was conducted by artificially creating low temperature conditions using an artificial meteorological instrument.
- the artificial weather equipment was set to a night temperature of 5 ° C., a daytime temperature of 20 ° C., and 12-hour lighting. Since it was not possible to set the night temperature to 0 ° C due to the performance of the artificial meteorological equipment, the lower limit was set to 5 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of "V lettuce” and "50125-3-V1" when the artificial meteorological instrument was set to low temperature conditions. It was confirmed that "50125-3-V1" had poor germination alignment and was visually inferior in low temperature growth as compared with "V lettuce”.
- Patent Document 1 showed higher growth than "V lettuce” having a normal cytoplasm under appropriate temperature conditions, but under conditions where the night temperature was low, the growth was high. Was found to decrease. That is, at the time of filing of Patent Document 1, the decrease in growth of conventional CMS Lactuca plants under low temperature conditions was not paid attention to and was not clear. As a matter of course, Patent Document 1 does not describe or suggest this point.
- BF2MS4V an improved CMS line "BF2MS4V” was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that "V lettuce” was used as a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm.
- "BF2MS4V” was obtained by using "50125-3-V1" as a cytoplasmic donor parent when performing asymmetric cell fusion and using "V lettuce” as a cytoplasmic receptor parent.
- the improved CMS strain "BF2MS4V” produced according to Example 1 was produced by asymmetric cell fusion with "50125-3-V1" as the cytoplasmic donor parent, so that the nuclear genome is the same as that of "V lettuce".
- FIG. 5 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of "V lettuce” and "BF2MS4V” in a greenhouse environment where the night temperature was set to 0 ° C and the day temperature was set to 20 ° C. "BF2MS4V” visually showed the same germination alignment and low temperature growth as "V lettuce”.
- BF2MS2M an improved CMS line "BF2MS2M” was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the breeding line "M8-039" (Sakata Seed Corporation) was used as a plant of the genus Lactuca having a normal cytoplasm. It was. "BF2MS2M” was obtained by using "50125-3-V1" as a cytoplasmic donor parent and "M8-039" as a cytoplasmic receptor parent when performing asymmetric cell fusion.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of the breeding lines "M8-039" and "BF2MS2M” in a greenhouse environment where the night temperature was set to 0 ° C and the day temperature was set to 20 ° C.
- the cytoplasm can be improved by asymmetric return fusion even if the nuclear genomes are different.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of "Steady” and "BF2MS1S" in a greenhouse environment where the night temperature was set to 0 ° C and the day temperature was set to 20 ° C.
- "50125-3-V1” was produced as a cytoplasmic donor by asymmetric cell fusion, and as a cytoplasmic acceptor when performing asymmetric cell fusion, " It uses "steady”.
- the germination of "steady” was exceeded, and the low temperature growth was also considered to be the same.
- a germination test was conducted using an artificial meteorological instrument.
- the artificial meteorological instrument was set to a night temperature of 5 ° C., a daytime temperature of 20 ° C., and lighting for 12 hours.
- the reason why the night temperature was not set to 0 ° C as in the greenhouse setting is that the lower limit temperature of the artificial meteorological equipment was 5 ° C.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of the germination test on the 17th day after sowing of "Steady” and "BF2MS1S” using an artificial meteorological instrument. Visually, the low temperature growth of "Steady” and “BF2MS1S” was equivalent.
- BC7 of “BF2MS1S” was planted in a field (Azumino City, Nagano Prefecture), and the traits during the heading period were investigated.
- Example 4 In order to analyze the cytoplasmic type of the improved CMS lettuce "BF2MS1S" produced in Example 1, 44 types of primer sets shown in Table 4 are set based on the nucleotide sequence information of the known sunflower mitochondrial genome (Gene Bank registration number KF815390). Designed. When the primer can amplify the intergenic region, the marker is preferentially designed by targeting the site, and the other regions have a physical distance between the markers of 5,000 to 10,000 bp. Designed.
- test materials include "V lettuce” having a normal cytoplasm, CMS sunflower “IB5", CMS lettuce “1216-T1” and “50125-3-V1” described in Patent Document 1, and the present invention.
- the improved CMS lettuce “BF2MS1S” produced by the invention was used.
- PCR Whole-genome DNA was extracted from each test material and used as a template, and PCR was performed using the primer sets shown in Table 4. For PCR, heat denaturation at 94 ° C. for 1 minute, annealing at 60 ° C. for 2 minutes, and extension reaction at 72 ° C. for 2 minutes were repeated for 35 cycles. If no polymorphism was detected between "V lettuce” with normal cytoplasm and CMS sunflower "IB5", the PCR product was treated with the restriction enzymes listed in Table 4 for PCR-RFLP analysis. .. These PCR products were electrophoresed on a 1.8% agarose gel, immersed in an ethidium bromide solution, and photographed under UV irradiation to investigate the presence or absence of PCR products and polymorphisms.
- BF2MS1S low-temperature growth of "BF2MS1S”
- most of the other mitochondrial genomic regions are replaced with lettuce type while leaving the sunflower-derived genomic region involved in CMS by return fusion by asymmetric cell fusion. It was considered that the incompatibility between the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome was eliminated, and the low temperature growth was improved while maintaining the CMS trait.
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Abstract
Description
またF1品種の遺伝子型はヘテロ性でありながら同一の遺伝子型であるため、表現型は極めて高い均一性を示す。このため、生産物の市場性が高まる。さらにF1品種の両親に優性遺伝子に支配されている有用形質を集積できるため、迅速な育種が可能となる。
しかしながら、CMSの不良形質を改良する有効な方法は、すべての植物を含めてもこれまでに報告例がなかったため、低温生長性を改良したCMSレタスの開発は、非常に困難であると考えられた。
本発明はこれらの知見に基づくものである。
正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を複数回行うことにより得られるか、または
既存の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物を細胞質供与親として用い、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を行うことにより得られる、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
<8> 受託番号FERM BP-22373で特定される、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
<10> 前記<1>~<8>のいずれかの細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物またはその後代の種子。
前記した初回の非対称細胞融合に使用した植物の一方が正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物であって、これを細胞質受容親として用いて、非対称細胞融合を1回または複数回行うことを含む、植物における非対称戻し融合方法。
<15> 細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)、またはLactuca属植物の種間交雑植物に由来するものである、前記<14>の方法。
<17> 花粉親が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)、またはLactuca属植物の種間交雑植物である、前記<16>の方法。
<20> 有用形質を有するLactuca属植物が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)に由来するものである、前記<19>の方法。
本発明は、従来に比べて低温生長性が改善された細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物またはその後代に関する。これは、前記したように、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物と同等の低温生長性を有する、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代と表現することができる。
低温生長性は、対象とする植物を同一の低温条件下にて栽培し、実生の地上部の重量を計量し比較する一方、適切な温度条件下で栽培した結果と比較することによって、定量的に評価することができる。
ここで、「Helianthus属植物」は、Helianthus属植物のなかでもヒマワリの栽培品種であるHelianthus annuus L.あるいは、H. petiolaris、H. argophyllus、H. debilis、H. decapetalus、H. giganteus、H. rigidus、H. salicifolius、H. anomalus、H. bolanderi、H. exilis、H. maximiliani、H. neglectus、H. praecox、もしくはH. tuberosus由来の細胞質を有するH. annuus L.の細胞質置換系統が好ましい。
正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を複数回行うことにより得られるか、または
既存の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物を細胞質供与親として用い、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を行うことにより得られるものである。
本発明による改良型の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物は、例えば、以下の手順に従って作出することができる。
(1)プロトプラストの調製
(i)正常細胞質を有する植物のプロトプラストの単離
(ii)細胞質雄性不稔植物のプロトプラストの単離
(2)プロトプラストの融合処理
(3)融合雑種細胞の培養
(4)カルスからの植物体の再生
(5)細胞質雑種植物の選抜
(6)優良系統の選抜
(7)優良系統の連続戻し交雑
(8)細胞質雄性不稔植物の利用とF1種子の生産
(i) 正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物のプロトプラストの単離
本発明において、細胞質受容親(レシピエント)として用いるLactuca属植物は、Lactuca sativa L.、L. serriola、L. aculeate、L. scarioloides、L. azerbaijanica、L. georgica、L. dregeana、L. altaica、L. saligna、L. virosa、L. tatarica、L. indica、もしくはL. debilis、またはそれらの種間交雑植物であることが好ましく、なかでも、Lactuca属植物の栽培種であるL. sativa L.が好ましい。
この溶液は主に細胞壁分解酵素、浸透圧調整剤を含む無機塩緩衝液である。細胞壁分解酵素としては、植物の細胞壁の分解に使用できるものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば、セルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ等が挙げられる。本発明では、セルラーゼY-CとマセロザイムR-10の組み合わせが好ましい。浸透圧調整剤としては、一般的な糖アルコール類、例えば、マンニトール、ソルビトール、グルコース等を用いることができ、マンニトールが好ましく、0.3M~0.7Mの濃度のマンニトールが特に好ましい。さらに、酵素溶液には、プロトプラストの膜の安定化のために、無機塩を添加することが望ましく、例えば、下記表1に記載の組成のCPW塩(Cocking and Peberdy, 1974)を添加すると好適である。酵素処理は、25~30℃で8~20時間静置処理すると好適である。
細胞質供与親(ドナー)として用いるCMS Lactuca属植物は、細胞質雄性不稔性を有するものであれば特に制限されないが、安定的なCMSを有するLactuca属植物が好ましい。具体的には、例えば、細胞質供与親としては、特許文献1に記載の従来のCMS Lactuca属植物(受託番号FERM BP-10647)を使用することが好ましい。
放射線処理のために照射する放射線としては、X線、γ線、紫外線等が挙げられるが、核遺伝子を不活化できれば、特に限定されるものではない。照射線量は核遺伝子を不活化できる範囲で、できる限り低照射量で行うことが好ましい。例えば、本発明での軟X線の照射の場合100Gy~900Gyの照射量が好ましい。
次に、前記で得られた両種のプロトプラストを混合し、細胞融合を行う。
融合方法としては、慣用の方法、例えば、公知の電気融合法(Planta, 151, 26-32, 1981)、PEG(ポリエチレングリコール)法(Planta, 120, 215-227, 1974)、デキストラン法(Jap. J. Genet., 50, 235, 1975)などが挙げられるが、特に限定されない。本発明では好ましくは、PEG法を用いる。
融合処理して得られた細胞は、Lactuca属植物由来のプロトプラストの培養に好適な培地で培養することが好ましい。
Lactuca属植物由来のプロトプラストの培養方法としては様々な方法が知られており、限定されないが、本発明では、特許文献1の方法を改変した方法を用いることが好ましい。
このような最適な条件としては、具体的には、植物生長調節物質NAA(α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid),4-CPPU(N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea),TDZ(Thidiazuron)を適切に組み合わせることによって、効率的に融合細胞を培養することができる。
融合細胞の培養を行い、細胞分裂が開始され、カルスが目視で確認できるようになった段階で、カルスを再分化培地に移植し再分化させる。
再分化培地は、慣用のものが使用でき、材料とするLactuca属植物やカルスの状態により反応の差はあるが、例えば0.3~1.0mg/lの4-CPPUを含むMS培地などを用いると好適である。再生したシュートは発根培地、例えば1/2濃度のMS培地などに移植して発根させ、植物体を再生させる。再生した植物体は、順化して温室内で育成する。
上記の手順で再生した植物体、ならびに材料に使用した従来のCMS Lactuca属植物および正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物の葉からDNAを抽出する。細胞質雑種植物を効率的に選抜するためには、従来のCMS Lactuca属植物と正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を区別できるミトコンドリアDNA配列を特異的に増幅できるマーカーを用いて、PCR法によって検出することが好ましい。
なお、細胞質雑種植物の選抜については、必要により、特許文献1の手法を適宜参考にして実施することができる。
得られた細胞質雑種植物を育成し開花させ、雄性不稔形質を有し、その他の器官が形態的な異常を伴わない系統を選抜する。選抜した雄性不稔個体に、正常細胞質のLactuca属植物の花粉を交配し、後代種子を採種する。
なお、優良系統の選抜については、必要により、特許文献1の手法を適宜参考にして実施することができる。
同等以上の低温生長性を示す個体が得られない場合には、相対的に低温生長性の高い個体を選び、再び非対称細胞融合の細胞質提供親として使用することが望ましい。正常細胞質のLactuca属植物と同等以上の低温生長性を有する個体が得られた場合には、次の連続戻し交雑の工程へ進む。
細胞融合により得られた細胞質雑種植物は、ヘテロプラズミーな状態となるため、戻し交雑後代であっても形質にばらつきが生じることが多い。したがって、細胞質雑種の後代は、細胞レベルで性質が異なる可能性があり、優良CMS系統の選抜は、個体ごとに行うことが望ましい。前述の非特許文献2では、細胞質は、ホモプラズミーな状態となるまでには、5世代以上の連続戻し交雑が必要であることが示唆されている。
したがって、低温生長性を有するCMS系統を作出するためには、低温生長性が安定するまで、低温生長性を指標とした選抜と戻し交雑を5世代以上繰り返すことが望ましい。
F1種子の採種を行う場合、一般に両親系統は、自殖(近交)系統が用いられる。その両親系統は、種子親と花粉親が定められ、両親系統間で人工的に交配を行う必要がある。したがって、種子親の自殖を防ぐため、除雄が必要となるが、Lactuca属植物においては、花の構造から人為的な除雄は難しいため、CMSの利用が望ましい。
(1)プロトプラストの調製
(i) 正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物のプロトプラストの単離
正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物として、レタス品種「ステディ」(ツルタ種苗株式会社より入手可能)を使用した。
まず、滅菌した種子をショ糖10g/l、寒天8g/lを添加したMS培地に置床し、20℃、16時間照明下で1か月間培養した。展開した本葉を約1g採取し、約2mmの大きさに細切した後に、0.4%セルラーゼY-C,0.4%マセロザイムR-10,マンニトールを含むCPW塩溶液10mlに浸漬し、25℃、16時間静置した。
従来のCMSレタスとして、特許文献1に記載の系統名「50125-3-V1」(受託番号FERM BP-10647)を使用した。
なおここで「50125-3-V1」はCMSレタス系統「50125-3」に「Vレタス」(カネコ種苗株式会社より入手可能)を交配して得た後代であり、「50125-3-V1」の種子は2006年7月31日付けで独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター(茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地1中央第6)に国際寄託されている(寄託者が付した識別のための表示SSC-LET-06-001、受託番号FERM BP-10647)(特許文献1)。
ヨードアセトアミド処理したレタスプロトプラスト懸濁液と軟X線照射した従来のCMSレタスプロトプラスト懸濁液を1:3の比率で混合し、9cmシャーレの底面中央に混合液を2ml滴下した。30分間静置後、PEG溶液(ポリエチレングリコール#6000(nacalai tesque Inc.) 500g/l,CaCl2・2H2O 1,500mg/l,KH2PO4 100mg/l、pH5.5)3mlをプロトプラスト混合液の周辺に滴下した。
洗浄液を除去後、コハク酸二ナトリウム六水和物 2.7g/l,カザミノ酸0.5g/l,NAA 0.1mg/l,4-CPPU 1.0mg/l,TDZ 0.1mg/l,および0.3Mショ糖を含み、NH4NO3を200mg/lに低減させた1/2濃度のMS培地(以下、レタスプロトプラスト培養用培地という)10ml(pH5.8)を添加し、25℃暗所において培養した。
培養開始30日後、カルスが2mm程度の大きさになったときに、4-CPPU 0.3mg/l,1.0%ショ糖,0.8%寒天を含むMS培地(pH5.8)に移植した。
PCR法により従来のCMSレタス特異的なDNAを検出するため、公知の塩基配列情報(Gene Bank 登録番号 X82387.1)よりatp6遺伝子に特異的なプライマーを設計した(表2)。
PCR産物は、1.8%アガロースゲルで電気泳動し、エチジウムブロマイド溶液に浸漬後、UV照射下で写真撮影を行い予想されるサイズ(209bp)の増幅産物の有無を確認し、増幅が確認された個体を選抜した。
実施例1によって作出されたCMS系統「BF2MS1S」に、正常細胞質を有するレタス(品種「ステディ」)を交配し、156粒のBC1(戻し交雑後代第1代)の種子を得た。得られたBC1種子1系統156粒を288穴トレーに播種し、夜温0℃、昼温20℃に設定した温室で育苗した。BC1の実生は、全体的に高い低温生長性を示したが、発芽にややばらつきがみられた。BC1種子156粒の発芽個体の中から、低温生長性の優れた24系統を選抜し、ステディの戻し交雑を行い、BC2の種子を得た。
実施例1によって作出された改良CMS系統の有用性を確認するため、各種正常細胞質、CMS細胞質を有するレタスの発芽試験を行った。
レタスは、採種環境により、種子品質、発芽能力に差を生じる可能性があるため、本実施例で使用するすべての系統は、同一環境下で採種した。また、レタスの種子は休眠する可能性があるため、本実施例のすべての発芽試験は、播種後のセルトレーを4℃の冷蔵庫で2日間冷蔵し、確実な休眠打破を行った上で実施した。
「1216-2-T1」は、「テルミー」と比較して、発芽の揃いが非常に悪く、目視で低温生長性が劣っていることが確認された。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
「1216-2-T1」の核ゲノムは、「テルミー」と同一であるため、「1216-2-T1」の低温による生長性の低下は、CMS細胞質の影響であると考えられた。
「50125-3-V1」は、「Vレタス」と比較して、発芽の揃いが悪く、目視で低温生長性が劣っていることが確認された。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
「50125-3-V1」の核ゲノムは、「Vレタス」と同一であるため、「50125-3-V1」の低温による生長性の低下は、従来CMS細胞質の影響であると考えられた。
適温条件下での「50125-3-V1」は、「Vレタス」と比較して、目視では全く見劣りしない生長性を示した。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
人工気象器の設定は、夜温5℃、昼温20℃、12時間照明に設定した。夜温は、人工気象器の性能上、0℃設定が不可能であったため、下限の5℃設定とした。
「50125-3-V1」は、「Vレタス」と比較して、発芽の揃いが悪く、目視で低温生長性が劣っていることが確認された。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
「BF2MS4V」は、非対称細胞融合を行う際の細胞質供与親として「50125-3-V1」を使用し、細胞質受容親として「Vレタス」を使用して得られたものである。
「BF2MS4V」は、目視では「Vレタス」と同等の発芽の揃いと低温生長性を示した。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
この結果から、低温による生長性が低下するなどの劣悪形質を伴うCMSレタスは、正常細胞質を有するレタスと連続的な非対称細胞融合を行うことにより、CMS細胞質を改良できることが明らかとなった。
「BF2MS2M」は、非対称細胞融合を行う際の細胞質供与親として「50125-3-V1」を使用し、細胞質受容親として「M8-039」を使用して得られたものである。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
「BF2MS1S」の育成過程は、実施例1で詳細に示したように、「50125-3-V1」を細胞質供与親として非対称細胞融合によって作出し、非対称細胞融合を行う際の細胞質受容親として「ステディ」を使用したものである。
目視では「ステディ」の発芽の揃いを上回り、低温生長性も同等であると見受けられた。
結果は表3に示される通りであった。
表3のNo.12およびNo.13に示されたように、「BF2MS1S」の地上部の株あたりの重量は、「ステディ」の地上部の株あたりの重量に対して、重量比が101%となった。
目視では「ステディ」と「BF2MS1S」の低温生長性は、同等であった。
表3のNo.14およびNo.15に示されたように、「BF2MS1S」の地上部の株あたりの重量は、「ステディ」に対する重量に対して、重量比が106%となり、人工環境下においても「BF2MS1S」の低温生長性は、正常細胞質を有する「ステディ」に比較して、同等以上の低温生長性を示した。
「BF2MS1S」は、正常細胞質を有する「ステディ」と核ゲノムが同一であることから、「BF2MS1S」の細胞質は、低温生長性に関して正常細胞質と同等以上の能力を有することが確認できた。
「BF2MS1S」のBC7を圃場(長野県安曇野市)に定植し、結球期の形質の調査を行った。
正常細胞質の「ステディ」との形態的な差は認められず、「BF2MS1S」が極めて優良なCMSであることを確認した。また、BC7を経るまでに稔性回復を引き起こす個体は出現せず、CMSの性質は極めて安定的であることを確認した。
実施例1で作出された改良CMSレタス「BF2MS1S」の細胞質型を分析するため、公知のヒマワリミトコンドリアゲノムの塩基配列情報(Gene Bank 登録番号 KF815390)に基づいて、表4に示す44種のプライマーセットを設計した。
プライマーは、遺伝子間領域を増幅できる場合には、優先的にその部位をターゲットとしてマーカーを設計し、その他の領域は、マーカー間の物理的距離が5,000~10,000bp間隔となるように設計を行った。
正常細胞質を有する「Vレタス」とCMSヒマワリ「IB5」の間で、多型が検出されない場合には、PCR-RFLP分析を行うため、そのPCR産物を表4に記載された制限酵素により処理した。それらのPCR産物は、1.8%アガロースゲルで電気泳動後、エチジウムブロマイド溶液に浸漬し、UV照射下で写真撮影を行って、PCR産物の有無および多型を調査した。
ヒマワリ型の多型が検出されたのは、44種のプライマーセット中、「1216-2-T1」では24セット(ヘテロ含む)、「50125-3-V1」では10セット、「BF2MS1S」では3セットであった。
Ha: H. annuus型
Ls: L. sativa型
Hetero: 両種のヘテロ型
0: 当該マーカーでの検出なし
Claims (20)
- 正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物と同等の低温生長性を有する、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- Helianthus属植物のミトコンドリアゲノムに由来するDNAをミトコンドリアゲノム内に有する、請求項1に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- 正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を複数回行うことにより得られる、請求項1または2に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- 既存の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物を細胞質供与親として用い、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を行うことにより得られる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- Helianthus属植物のミトコンドリアゲノムに由来するDNAをミトコンドリアゲノム内に有する細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代であって、
正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を複数回行うことにより得られるか、または
既存の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物を細胞質供与親として用い、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を行うことにより得られる、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。 - 細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)、またはLactuca属植物の種間交雑植物に由来するものである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- 受託番号FERM BP-22373で特定される植物のミトコンドリアゲノムを有する、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- 受託番号FERM BP-22373で特定される、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物またはその後代の植物体の一部。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物またはその後代の種子。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代、請求項9に記載の植物体の一部、または請求項10に記載の種子に含まれる、ミトコンドリアゲノム。
- 非対称細胞融合により得られた植物またはその後代が、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物であって、これを細胞質供与親として用い、かつ、
前記した初回の非対称細胞融合に使用した植物の一方が正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物であって、これを細胞質受容親として用いて、非対称細胞融合を1回または複数回行うことを含む、植物における非対称戻し融合方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法により、Lactuca属植物の細胞質内のミトコンドリアゲノムを改良する方法。
- 既存の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物を細胞質供与親として用い、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物を細胞質受容親として用いる非対称細胞融合を行うことを含む、正常細胞質を有するLactuca属植物と同等の低温生長性を有する、細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代の製造方法。
- 細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)、またはLactuca属植物の種間交雑植物に由来するものである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代を種子親とし、該植物と交配可能なLactuca属植物を花粉親として交配し、交配後の種子親から雑種第一代種子を採種することを含む、雑種第一代種子の製造方法。
- 花粉親が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)、またはLactuca属植物の種間交雑植物である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 請求項16または17に記載の方法により作出された雑種第一代種子、または該種子から生育させた雑種第一代植物、その後代、もしくはそれらの植物体の一部。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の細胞質雄性不稔Lactuca属植物、またはその後代に、有用形質を有するLactuca属植物を連続戻し交雑し、細胞質置換することを含む、前記有用形質を有し、細胞質雄性不稔性を発現するLactuca属植物の製造方法。
- 有用形質を有するLactuca属植物が、レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)に由来するものである、請求項19に記載の方法。
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EP (1) | EP3957166A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2020213727A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20210153070A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN114599223A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2020259923A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112021020652A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3137173A1 (ja) |
CL (1) | CL2021002700A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2021012535A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2020213727A1 (ja) |
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WO2007049730A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Sakata Seed Corporation | 細胞質雑種Lactuca属植物およびその作出方法 |
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JPH0731307A (ja) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-02-03 | Sakata No Tane:Kk | 雄性不稔植物の育種方法及び増殖方法 |
EP0771523B2 (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 2006-06-07 | Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. | A cytoplasmic male sterile vegetable plant cell of the compositae family and also a method for obtaining such a plant |
KR100399333B1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2003-09-26 | Nong Woo Bio Co Ltd | Novel genotype cms radish family plant, method for producing hybrid seeds using the same, and dna marker for selecting the nwb-cms radish family plant |
FR2913304A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-12 | Vilmorin Sa | Production de graines lactuca sativa hybrides |
KR100885075B1 (ko) | 2007-04-06 | 2009-02-25 | 주식회사 동부하이텍 | 신규한 세포질-유전자적 웅성 불임(cgms)무 계통식물체를 이용한 잡종 종자 생산 방법 및 상기 무 계통식물체 선발용 dna 표지 인자 |
CN101084735A (zh) * | 2007-07-06 | 2007-12-12 | 陈振志 | 紫色苣荬菜的育种方法 |
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CN114599223A (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
CA3137173A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
AU2020259923A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
EP3957166A4 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
CL2021002700A1 (es) | 2022-07-15 |
EP3957166A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
BR112021020652A2 (pt) | 2021-12-07 |
MX2021012535A (es) | 2022-01-06 |
TW202107981A (zh) | 2021-03-01 |
JPWO2020213727A1 (ja) | 2020-10-22 |
US20220204986A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
KR20210153070A (ko) | 2021-12-16 |
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