WO2020209215A1 - 抗真菌剤 - Google Patents
抗真菌剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020209215A1 WO2020209215A1 PCT/JP2020/015471 JP2020015471W WO2020209215A1 WO 2020209215 A1 WO2020209215 A1 WO 2020209215A1 JP 2020015471 W JP2020015471 W JP 2020015471W WO 2020209215 A1 WO2020209215 A1 WO 2020209215A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antifungal agent
- animal
- cryptococcosis
- fluconazole
- voriconazole
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antifungal agent.
- the present invention relates to an antifungal agent.
- the present invention specifically relates to an antifungal agent effective for cryptococcosis.
- opportunistic infections are those in which the balance maintained between the host and the pathogen is disrupted due to a decrease in resistance on the host side, leading to the onset of the host.
- Opportunistic infections caused by fungi include, for example, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and pneumocystis pneumonia (also called carinii pneumonia).
- Cryptococcus disease is a fungal infection caused by the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, and is transmitted by inhaling yeast-like fungal cells. Therefore, cryptococcosis usually affects the nasal passages, respiratory tract, and lungs. In addition, the infection can spread to the tissues that line the brain and spinal cord (meninges), causing meningitis. In addition, it may invade from trauma and spread to tissues such as skin.
- Cryptococcosis was relatively rare until the AIDS epidemic began. But today, it is the most common deadly fungal infection in AIDS patients.
- Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common causative agent of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.
- the causative agent of cryptococcal infection also infects people other than AIDS patients who have a weakened immune system. For example, people with Hodgkin lymphoma or sarcoidosis, or with drugs that prevent rejection after organ transplantation or corticosteroids (if used for a long time) that suppress the work of the immune system. Infection can occur in people who are.
- Cryptococcus neoformans by serotype, they are further classified as type A (Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii (called Cryptococcus grubii)), type D (Cryptococcus neoformans var. Neoformans (Cryptococcus deneoformans) and AD). ..
- Cryptococcus gattii is further classified into B type and C type. Cryptococcus neoformans accounts for the majority of the frequency as a pathogen in patients with cryptococcosis other than AIDS patients in temperate regions such as Europe and the United States, including Japan. In the tropics, Cryptococcus gattii accounts for more than half.
- the frequency of AIDS patients with cryptococcosis as a pathogen is mostly Cryptococcus neoformans, and especially in patients outside France, Cryptococcus neoformans var. It is%. Even in Japan, most Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii infections occur.
- Cryptococcus-affected mammals, birds, reptiles, etc. may cause cold-like symptoms, pneumonia, encephalitis, miscarriage, endometritis, dermatitis, mastitis, etc.
- Birds are the carrier of the pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, and bird droppings (especially pigeons) are a source of nutrients, so fungi are common in soil contaminated with them.
- Antifungal agents such as fluconazole (FLCZ), which is an azole antifungal drug, are used for the treatment of cryptococcosis.
- FLCZ resistant strains have been reported as isolates from human cryptococcosis patients.
- isolates of FLCZ-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans strains from cats suffering from cryptococcosis have been reported.
- VRCZ voriconazole
- Labconazole is the same azole antifungal drug as fluconazole and voriconazole, and exhibits effective activity against a wide variety of bacteria. In particular, it has been reported that it shows excellent activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans var. Neoformans (Non-Patent Document 1: Yamaguchi, Med. Mycol. J., vol. 57E, E73-E110, 2016). Labconazole is a triazole-based antibacterial agent similar to fluconazole, but is not currently used as a pharmaceutical product.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an antifungal agent effective against cryptococcosis.
- labconazole is one of the causative bacteria of cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans serum type A bacterium (Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii). ), And also showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, which became multidrug resistant, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention includes the following aspects. [1] An antifungal agent containing labconazole as an active ingredient, which is characterized by being administered to an animal suffering from cryptococcosis.
- the antifungal agent according to the above [3], wherein the Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii is resistant to at least one selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- Grubii is resistant to at least two selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- the antifungal agent according to the above [6], wherein the antifungal agent other than lavconazole is at least one antifungal agent selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- the antifungal agent according to the above [10] wherein the animal suffering from cryptococcosis is infected with an immunodeficiency virus or a leukemia virus.
- Grubii is resistant to at least one selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- the antifungal agent according to the above [12], wherein the Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii is resistant to at least two selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- the antifungal agent according to the above [10], wherein the cryptococcosis is a cryptococcosis caused by a cryptococcal bacterium that is resistant to an antifungal agent other than labconazole.
- Cryptococcus which is an antifungal agent containing labconazole as an active ingredient and is resistant to at least two triazole antibacterial agents selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- An antifungal agent characterized by being administered.
- An animal suffering from Cryptococcus which is an antifungal agent containing a prodrug of rabconazole as an active ingredient and is resistant to two triazole-based antibacterial agents selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- An antifungal agent characterized by being administered to.
- the antifungal agent according to any one of the above [20] to [24] wherein the animal is a human.
- a method for treating an animal suffering from cryptococcosis which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of labconazole to the animal.
- the method according to [29] above, wherein the Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii is resistant to at least one selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- a method for treating an animal suffering from cryptococcosis which comprises administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a prodrug of rabconazole.
- the method according to [37] above, wherein the Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii is resistant to at least one selected from the group consisting of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.
- the present invention provides an effective antifungal agent for cryptococcosis.
- X to Y when used, it is used as a lower limit to include Y with X as the upper limit, or as an upper limit to include Y with X as the lower limit.
- labelconazole in the context of an antifungal agent or therapeutic method is used to include all of labconazole, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates.
- fusravuconazole in the context of an antifungal agent or method of treatment includes all of fosravuconazole, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates. Used.
- One aspect of the present invention is an antifungal agent containing labconazole as an active ingredient, which is intended to be used in animals suffering from cryptococcosis.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an antifungal agent containing labconazole as an active ingredient, which is intended to be used in an animal suffering from Cryptococcus that has acquired multidrug resistance to an azole antifungal agent. ..
- Another aspect of the present invention is an antifungal agent containing labconazole as an active ingredient, which is an animal infected with an immunodeficiency virus or a leukemia virus and is intended for use in an animal suffering from cryptococcosis. is there.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an antifungal agent containing a prodrug of rabconazole, preferably fosravuconazole, as an active ingredient, intended for use in animals suffering from cryptococcosis.
- a prodrug of rabconazole preferably fosravuconazole
- a prodrug of rabconazole preferably fosravuconazole, intended for use in animals infected with the immunodeficiency virus or leukemia virus and further suffering from cryptococcosis.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for treating an animal suffering from cryptococcosis, characterized in that a therapeutically effective amount of labconazole is administered to the animal.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for treating an animal suffering from Cryptococcus that has acquired multidrug resistance to an azole antifungal drug, and a therapeutically effective amount of labconazole is applied to the animal. It is a method characterized by administration.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for treating an animal infected with an immunodeficiency virus or a leukemia virus and further suffering from cryptococcosis, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of labconazole is applied to the animal.
- Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating an animal suffering from cryptococcosis, characterized in that a therapeutically effective amount of a prodrug of rabconazole, preferably fosravuconazole, is administered to the animal. This is the method.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for treating an animal suffering from Cryptococcus that has acquired multidrug resistance to an azole antifungal drug, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a prodrug of Labconazole, Preferably, the method is characterized in that fosravuconazole is administered to the animal.
- Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating an animal infected with an immunodeficiency virus or a leukemia virus and further suffering from cryptococcosis, a therapeutically effective amount of a prodrug of lavconazole.
- fosravuconazole is a method characterized by administration to the animal.
- Labconazole has been reported as a compound showing antibacterial activity against various fungal pathogens including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus.
- Labconazole is an azole antifungal compound having the following structural formula (I), and has a chemical structure similar to that of fluconazole.
- a method for producing rabconazole is disclosed in, for example, Organic Process Research & Development 2009, 13, 716-728, and can be produced with reference to such disclosure. Such disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference. In the production, those skilled in the art can appropriately use the technology known in the technical field without limitation.
- Fosravuconazole is a compound having the following structural formula (II) in which the hydroxyl group of rabconazole is replaced with a phosphomonooxymethyl ester.
- Fosravuconazole is a prodrug of labconazole that is rapidly converted to labconazole when administered to humans.
- the L-lysine ethanol adduct of fosravuconazole is currently marketed as a drug for tinea unguium.
- Fosravuconazole can also be synthesized using techniques known in the art as appropriate.
- the labconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to any non-toxic salt formed from a compound of formula (I) above. Suitable salts include, for example, but not limited to, hydrochlorides, hydrobromates, hydroiodates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, inorganic acid salts such as sulfates, acetates, birds.
- Salts of acidic groups such as salts, lower alkylamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, cyclohexylamine, substitutions with organic bases such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine and other organic bases, glycine salts, lysine salts, arginine salts, ornithine.
- Amino acid salts such as salts, glutamates and asparaginates can be mentioned.
- the labconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may also be a hydrous product such as a hydrate formed from the compound represented by the above formula (I) and a solvate.
- hydrate means a compound or salt thereof that further comprises a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of water bound by a non-covalent intermolecular force. ..
- solvate means a compound or salt thereof, further comprising a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of the solvent bound by a non-covalent intermolecular force. ..
- Preferred solvents are volatile, non-toxic, and / or trace amounts that are acceptable for administration to humans. For example, but not limited to, water, ethanol, and the like.
- the fosravuconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to any non-toxic salt formed from a compound of formula (II) above. Specifically, the above-mentioned salts described in relation to labconazole can be mentioned.
- the fosravuconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may be a hydrous product such as a hydrate formed from the compound represented by the above formula (II), a solvate, or the like. Hydrate and solvate have the same meaning as above.
- Preferred solvents are volatile, non-toxic and / or trace amounts that are acceptable for administration to humans, such as, but not limited to, water, ethanol and the like.
- the fosravuconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention as an active ingredient is preferably an L-lysine ethanol adduct of fosravuconazole.
- the antifungal agent of the present invention may contain a prodrug of labconazole as an active ingredient.
- the "prodrug” of rabconazole includes both “prodrug ester” and “prodrug ether”.
- prodrug ester the hydroxyl of the compound represented by the above formula (I) is reacted with either an alkyl, an alkoxy, or an aryl-substituted acylating agent or a phosphorylating agent by a method known to those skilled in the art.
- prodrug ether includes both phosphate acetals and O-glucosides of the compounds represented by the above formulas, which are produced using methods known to those of skill in the art.
- a prodrug refers to a compound that is converted to the parent compound represented by the above formula (I) in vivo, for example, by hydrolysis in blood.
- the prodrug of rabconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- the prodrug of rabconazole contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention may also be a hydrous product such as a hydrate and a solvate.
- the prodrug contained in the antifungal agent of the present invention is preferably fosravuconazole, more preferably fosravuconazole-L-lysine ethanol adduct.
- the antifungal agent of the present invention can include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and, as appropriate, other antifungal agents, in addition to a compound of either labconazole or a prodrug of labconazole.
- the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to any and all solvents, dispersion media, coating agents, antioxidants, chelating agents, as is known to those skilled in the art. Preservatives (eg, antibacterial agents), surfactants, buffers, osmotic pressure regulators, absorption retarders, salts, drug stabilizers, excipients, diluents, binders, disintegrants, sweeteners, fragrances, Includes abundant agents, dyes, etc., and combinations thereof. Unless any of the carriers is incompatible with the active ingredient of the present invention, it can be used in the antifungal agent of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as a composition) or a therapeutic method.
- a composition may be used in the antifungal agent of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as a composition) or a therapeutic method.
- the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to rabconazole or a prodrug of rabconazole (preferably fosravucon) in an amount sufficient to produce a therapeutic effect when administered to mammals in need of treatment. Conazole).
- the therapeutically effective amount depends on the subject and the disease symptoms to be treated, the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease symptoms, the administration method, and the like, and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.
- the term "subject" is an animal in need of treatment and includes mammals, birds and fish.
- the animal is a mammal.
- it refers to primates (eg, humans), cats, dogs, cows, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, rats, mice, koalas and the like.
- the animal of interest is preferably a human, cat or dog, more preferably a human or cat.
- the subject to which the antifungal agent of the present invention is administered is an animal suffering from cryptococcosis.
- the animal suffers from cryptococcosis due to a decrease in the function of the immune system due to infection with an immunodeficiency virus or a leukemia virus or for other reasons. More preferably, it is an animal suffering from Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii as a causative bacterium of cryptococcosis.
- antifungal agents of the present invention comprising either rabconazole (formula (I) above) or a prodrug of rabconazole (eg, fosravuconazole (formula (II) above)) are known for the formulation of pharmaceutical compositions. It can be prescribed according to the method.
- Representative pharmaceutical compositions may include the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers described above. The use of these carriers is well known in the art. Further, a method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition containing an active ingredient is well known in the art.
- composition of the present invention can be formulated to suit a specific route of administration according to the purpose of use. Routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, parenteral, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, transdermal, inhalation, topical, transmucosal, or rectal administration.
- the compositions of the present invention can be formulated in solid or liquid form. Fixed forms include, but are not limited to, tablets, capsules, pills, granules, powders, or suppositories. Liquid forms include, but are not limited to, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions.
- the compositions of the present invention are preferably administered orally.
- compositions of the present invention prepared for oral administration may be either a liquid composition or a solid composition.
- compositions can be prepared using liquid carriers such as water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like.
- Solid formulations such as tablets and capsules generally contain binders, disintegrants and the like, along with lubricants such as calcium stearate, starch, sugar, kaolin, ethyl cellulose, calcium carbonate and sodium, calcium phosphate, talc. , Lactose and other solid carriers can be used to prepare the composition.
- Tablets and capsules are the most advantageous oral dosage forms because they are easy to administer. For ease of administration and dosage homogeneity, it is particularly advantageous to formulate the composition in unit dosage form.
- the composition in unit dosage form constitutes one aspect of the invention.
- the composition can be prepared for injection and can take the form of suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles such as 0.85% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose in water. It can also contain preparations such as suspending agents, stabilizers and / or dispersants. Buffers and additives (such as saline or glucose) can be added to make the solution isotonic. The compound can also be dissolved in alcohol / propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol for intravenous drip infusion. These compositions can also be provided in unit dosage forms, preferably in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with preservatives added. Alternatively, the active ingredient can be in powder form so as to reconstitute with a suitable vehicle prior to administration.
- oily or aqueous vehicles such as 0.85% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose in water. It can also contain preparations such as suspending agents, stabilizers and / or dispersants. Buffers and additives (such as saline or glucose)
- Oral administration or intravenous administration is usually used for administration of the composition of the present invention.
- the inhalation method is used when there is no complication of infection to the central nervous system such as meningitis. preferable.
- the compounds of the invention are delivered in aerosol particles, eg, using a nebulizer.
- a preferred delivery system for inhalation is an aerosol for quantitative inhalation (MDI). If there is or is likely to have an infection of the central nervous system such as meningitis, oral administration or intravenous administration containing a liquid preparation is considered. Liquid preparations are preferably used for administration of the compositions of the invention in the treatment of cryptococcosis.
- the dose of the above compound in the composition of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the type of disease, the symptom of the administration target, the age, the administration method, and the like.
- administration to humans for example, but not limited to this, in the case of oral preparations, usually 10 to 5000 mg, preferably 20 to 2000 mg, more preferably 50 to 500 mg, still more preferably 100 to 200 mg per day, 1 It may be administered once or twice a day for several weeks to several months, and in some cases for half a year to one year, continuously or intermittently.
- administration to cats for example, but not limited to this, usually 2 to 1000 mg, preferably 10 to 100 mg, more preferably 20 to 40 mg per day is once or twice a day for several weeks to several months. It may be administered continuously or intermittently for 6 months to 1 year in some cases.
- composition of the present invention may also contain other antifungal agents in addition to labconazole or fosravuconazole.
- Other antifungal agents include, but are not limited to, natamycin, limocidin, nystatin, amphotericin B, candicine, hamycin, perimycin, myconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, omoconazole, bihonazole, butconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole.
- the composition of the present invention contains, in addition to rabconazole or a prodrug of rabconazole (preferably fosravuconazole), a combination (combination) of two or more active ingredients including other antifungal agents.
- compositions of the present invention can also be co-administered with other antifungal agents for concomitant therapy.
- Concomitant administration includes sequential, simultaneous or parallel administration of the two agents.
- antifungal agents that can be administered in combination the above-mentioned antifungal agents can be used without limitation.
- the present invention also includes a method for the treatment of cryptococcosis, which comprises administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of labconazole or a prodrug of labconazole (preferably fosravuconazole).
- the present invention also includes methods (combination) for the treatment of cryptococcosis, including administration to a patient in combination with other known antifungal agents.
- Other antifungal agents can be exemplified with respect to the above-mentioned combination drug.
- Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates and multidrug-resistant strains isolated from fluconazole (FLCZ) resistant strains were used to test their susceptibility to labconazole.
- FLCZ fluconazole
- Isolation of isolates and resistant strains Cryptococcus isolates were obtained from 6 strains from skin-infected cats and 5 strains from systemically infected cats, for a total of 11 strains.
- One strain of cat skin cryptocox and one strain of cat whole body cryptocox were fluconazole resistant strains.
- Three isolates of Cryptococcus were obtained from skin-infected humans. All of the above-acquired isolates were Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii strain (type A).
- multidrug-resistant strains exhibiting resistance to the azole antifungal agents fluconazole (FLCZ) and voriconazole (VRCZ) were obtained as follows.
- the clinical isolates were fluconazole (FLCZ) resistant Cryptococcus neoformans cells 2.3 ⁇ 10 5 cells were inoculated into voriconazole (VRCZ) containing 3 [mu] g / ml as a Sabouraud dextrose agar medium were cultured on 7 days at room temperature. Then, each of the 12 colonies generated on the plate was inoculated into a Sabouraud glucose agar medium containing 5 ⁇ g / ml as VRCZ. This was cultured at room temperature for 10 days, and each of the obtained colonies was further subcultured to obtain three azole drug multidrug-resistant strains.
- Example 2 Sensitivity to each azole drug
- the strain obtained in Example 1 was maintained on Sabouraud glucose agar medium until the test of susceptibility to antifungal compounds.
- Sensitivity to rabconazole (RVCZ) was performed according to the CLSI M27-A3 guideline using the broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured after culturing at 35 ° C. for 72 hours. MIC was defined as the lowest concentration that induces significant inhibition of growth (inhibition of about 50% or more).
- Sensitivity to fluconazole (FLCZ), itraconazole (ITCZ) and voriconazole (VRCZ) was assessed using the E-test.
- the E-test was performed using RPMI-1640 agar medium in a 90 mm Petri dish according to the E-test Technical Guide 10 (AB Biodisk, Sweden). E-test gradient strips were purchased from AB BIODISK. The FLCZ, ITCZ and VRCZ MICs were determined after culturing at 35 ° C. for 72 hours. Each isolate was tested twice at staggered times, and each test was measured twice.
- Table 1 shows the test results.
- the average MIC of the 14 isolates was 17.313 mg / L (range: ⁇ 0.016-128 mg / L) for fluconazole and 0.235 mg / L (range: ⁇ 0.002) for itraconazole. -0.75 mg / L), 0.036 mg / L for voriconazole (range: ⁇ 0.002-0.125 mg / L), 0.0376 mg / L for rabconazole (range: ⁇ 0.003125-0.25 mg / L) )Met. Labconazole showed remarkable results compared to other azole antifungal compounds. On the other hand, the MICs of the azole multidrug-resistant strain (No.
- the antifungal agent containing rabconazole provided by the present invention is useful as a therapeutic agent for cryptococcosis.
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Abstract
Description
クリプトコックス感染症の原因菌は、エイズ患者以外の免疫系の機能が低下した人にも感染する。例えば、ホジキンリンパ腫又はサルコイドーシスを患っている人や、臓器移植後の拒絶反応を予防する薬又はコルチコステロイド(長期間使用している場合)など、免疫系の働きを抑制する薬を使用している人に感染が起こることもある。
ヒト以外の動物もクリプトコックス症になることがある。特にネコがクリプトコックス症になることが知られている。健康なネコの自然発症も散見されるが、特にネコ免疫不全ウイルス感染症やネコ白血病ウイルス感染症などで免疫力が低下したネコでよく見られる。日本では、ネコ科の動物のクリプトコックス症は、典型的には、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii が病原菌となっている。ヒト以外の動物のクリプトコックス症は日和見感染が多いと考えられている。クリプトコックス症に罹患した哺乳類、鳥類、爬虫類などでは、かぜ様の症状、肺炎、脳炎、流産、子宮内膜炎、皮膚炎、乳房炎などを起こすことがある。鳥は病原体の Cryptococcus neoformansの運び屋であり、鳥(特にハト)の糞は栄養源となるため、それらに汚染されている土壌に菌がよくみられる。
[1]ラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
[2]前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である上記[1]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[3]前記動物はCryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している上記[1]又は[2]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[4]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、上記[3]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[5]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2つに対して耐性を有する、上記[3]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[6]前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である上記[1]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[7]前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である上記[6]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[8]前記動物はヒトである上記[1]~[7]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[9]前記動物はネコである上記[1]~[7]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[11]前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している上記[10]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[12]前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している上記[10]又は[11]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[13]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、上記[12]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[14]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2つに対して耐性を有する、上記[12]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[15]前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である上記[10]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[16]前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である上記[15]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[17]前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグはホスラブコナゾールである上記[10]~[16]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[18]前記動物はヒトである上記[10]~[17]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[19]前記動物はネコである上記[10]~[17]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[21]前記クリプトコックス菌は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii である上記[20]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[22]ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なく2つのトリアゾール系抗菌剤に対して耐性を有するクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物に対して投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
[23]前記クリプトコックス菌は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii である上記[22]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[24]前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグはホスラブコナゾールである上記[22]又は[23]に記載の抗真菌剤。
[25]前記動物はヒトである上記[20]~[24]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[26]前記動物はネコである上記[20]~[24]のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
[28]前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である上記[27]に記載の方法。
[29]前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している上記[27]又は[28]に記載の方法。
[30]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、上記[29]に記載の方法。
[31]前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である上記[27]に記載の方法。
[32]前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である上記[31]に記載の方法。
[33]前記動物はヒトである上記[27]~[32]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[34]前記動物はネコである上記[27]~[32]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[36]前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である上記[35]に記載の方法。
[37]前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している上記[35]又は[36]に記載の方法。
[38]前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、上記[37]に記載の方法。
[39]前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である上記[35]に記載の方法。
[40]前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である上記[39]に記載の方法。
[41]前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグがホスラブコナゾールである上記[35]~[40]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[42]前記動物はヒトである上記[35]~[41]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
[43]前記動物はネコである上記[35]~[41]のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
本明細書において、抗真菌剤又は治療方法との関連で「ラブコナゾール」という場合は、ラブコナゾール、その薬学的に許容される塩、水和物及び溶媒和物の全てを含む意味で用いられる。本明細書において、抗真菌剤又は治療方法との関連で「ホスラブコナゾール」という場合は、ホスラブコナゾール、その薬学的に許容される塩、水和物及び溶媒和物の全てを含む意味で用いられる。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、アゾール系抗真菌薬に対して多剤耐性を獲得したクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物に使用することを目的としたラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤である。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染した動物であって、さらにクリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に使用することを目的としたラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤である。
本発明の他の一つの態様は、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に使用することを目的としたラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤である。
本発明の他の一つの態様は、アゾール系抗真菌薬に対して多剤耐性を獲得したクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物に使用することを目的としたラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤である。
本発明の他の一つの態様は、免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染した動物であって、さらにクリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に使用することを目的としたラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤である。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、アゾール系抗真菌薬に対して多剤耐性を獲得したクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染した動物であって、さらにクリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の他の一つの態様は、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の別の一つの態様は、アゾール系抗真菌薬に対して多剤耐性を獲得したクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の他の一つの態様は、免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染した動物であって、さらにクリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールのプロドラッグ、好ましくはホスラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法である。
本発明の抗真菌剤が含有するホスラブコナゾールは、上記式(II)で表される化合物から形成される水和物のような含水生成物及び溶媒和物などでもよい。水和物及び溶媒和物は上記と同様の意味である。好ましい溶媒は、揮発性の、無毒の、及び/又は微量の、ヒトに投与するのに許容されるものであり、これに限定されないが、水、エタノールなどである。
本発明の抗真菌剤が有効成分として含有するホスラブコナゾールは、好ましくは、ホスラブコナゾールのL-リシンエタノール付加物である。
プロドラッグは、インビボで、例えば血中での加水分解により、上記式(I)で表される親化合物に変換される化合物をいう。
本発明の抗真菌剤が含有するラブコナゾールのプロドラッグは、薬学的に許容される塩であってもよい。本発明の抗真菌剤が含有するラブコナゾールのプロドラッグはまた、水和物のような含水生成物及び溶媒和物などでもよい。
本発明の抗真菌剤が含有するプロドラッグは、好ましくはホスラブコナゾール、より好ましくはホスラブコナゾール-L-リシンエタノール付加物である。
(実施例1)分離株及び耐性株の分離
クリプトコックス菌の分離株を皮膚感染のネコから6株、全身感染のネコから5株、計11株を取得した。ネコ皮膚クリプトコックスの1株とネコ全身クリプトコックスの1株はフルコナゾール耐性株であった。
皮膚感染したヒトからクリプトコックス菌の分離株を3株取得した。
上記取得した分離株は全て、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii strain(A型)であった。
また、以下のようにして、アゾール系抗真菌剤であるフルコナゾール(FLCZ)及びボリコナゾール(VRCZ)に耐性を示す多剤耐性株を3株取得した。
臨床分離したフルコナゾール(FLCZ)耐性Cryptococcus neoformans 細胞2.3 × 105 個を、ボリコナゾール(VRCZ)として3μg/ml含有するサブローブドウ糖寒天培地上に接種し、室温で7日間培養した。その後、プレート上に発生した12個コロニーそれぞれを、VRCZとして5μg/ml含有するサブローブドウ糖寒天培地へ接種した。これを室温で10日間培養し、得られたコロニー各々を更に継代培養することにより、アゾール系薬剤多剤耐性株を3株取得した。
実施例1で取得した株は、抗真菌化合物に対する感受性の試験までサブローブドウ糖寒天培地で維持した。
ラブコナゾール(RVCZ)に対する感受性は、微量液体希釈法(broth microdilution assay)を用い、CLSI M27-A3ガイドラインに従って行った。最少発育阻止濃度(MIC)は、35度で72時間培養した後に測定した。MICは、成長の顕著な阻害(約50%以上の阻害)を誘導する最少の濃度と定義した。
フルコナゾール(FLCZ)、イトラコナゾール(ITCZ)及びボリコナゾール(VRCZ)に対する感受性は、E-テストを用いて評価した。E-テストは、90mmペトリ皿に入れたRPMI-1640寒天培地を用い、E-test Technical Guide 10(AB Biodisk、スエーデン)に従って行った。E-test gradient stripsは、AB BIODISK から購入した。FLCZ、ITCZ及びVRCZのMICは、35度で72時間培養した後に決定した。各分離株について、時期をずらして2回テストし、それぞれのテストは2回測定した。
一方、アゾール系薬剤多剤耐性株(No.15-17)のMICは、フルコナゾールで>256mg/L、イトラコナゾールで>32mg/L、ボリコナゾールで6-12mg/L、ラブコナゾールで0.25-0.5mg/Lであり、ラブコナゾールが顕著に効果を示した。
コントロールとして、ATCCから入手したCandida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 及び Candida kruzei ATCC 6258 を用い、CLSI M27-A3テスト及びE-テストのMICアッセイを行った。その結果、CLSI M27-A3テスト及びE-テストで得られたアゾール系薬剤のMICの結果の間に高い相関性が認められたので、両者の結果を比較した。
Claims (43)
- ラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である請求項1に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はCryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している請求項1又は2に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つに対して耐性を有する、請求項3に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも二つに対して耐性を有する、請求項3に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である請求項1に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である請求項6に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はヒトである請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はネコである請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物に投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している請求項10に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している請求項10又は11に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、請求項12に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2つに対して耐性を有する、請求項12に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である請求項10に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である請求項15に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグがホスラブコナゾールである請求項10~16のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はヒトである請求項10~17のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はネコである請求項10~17のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- ラブコナゾールを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なく2つのトリアゾール系抗菌剤に対して耐性を有するクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物に対して投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス菌は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii である請求項20に記載の抗真菌剤。
- ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグを有効成分として含む抗真菌剤であって、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なく2つのトリアゾール系抗菌剤に対して耐性を有するクリプトコックス菌に罹患した動物に対して投与することを特徴とする抗真菌剤。
- 前記クリプトコックス菌は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii である請求項22に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグはホスラブコナゾールである請求項22又は23に記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はヒトである請求項20~24のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- 前記動物はネコである請求項20~24のいずれか一つに記載の抗真菌剤。
- クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法。
- 前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している請求項27又は28に記載の方法。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記動物はヒトである請求項27~32のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記動物はネコである請求項27~32のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物を治療するための方法であって、治療有効量のラブコナゾールのプロドラッグを該動物に投与することを特徴とする方法。
- 前記クリプトコックス症に罹患した動物は免疫不全ウイルス又は白血病ウイルスに感染している動物である請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記動物は、Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii に罹患している請求項35又は36に記載の方法。
- 前記Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii は、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つに対して耐性を有する、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記クリプトコックス症が、ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤に対して耐性を示すクリプトコックス菌に起因するクリプトコックス症である請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記ラブコナゾール以外の抗真菌剤が、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾールおよびボリコナゾールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの抗真菌剤である請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記ラブコナゾールのプロドラッグはホスラブコナゾールである請求項35~40のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記動物はヒトである請求項35~41のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記動物はネコである請求項35~41のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
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See also references of EP3954370A4 |
T. YAMAZUMI, M. A. PFALLER, S. A. MESSER, A. HOUSTON, R. J. HOLLIS AND R. N. JONES: "In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans", ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, vol. 44, no. 10, 1 October 2000 (2000-10-01), pages 2883 - 2886, XP055748692, ISSN: 0066-4804, DOI: 10.1128/AAC.44.10.2883-2886.2000 * |
WANG LI , ZHENG RUI , SHIGEFUMI MAESAKI ,SHIGERU KOHNO: "In vitro and in vivo activities of the new triazole BMS-207147 against Cryptococus neoformans", CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS, vol. 27, no. 9, 30 September 2002 (2002-09-30), pages 560 - 564, XP055748677, DOI: 10.13461/j.cnki.cja.002628 * |
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