Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
  • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
  • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
  • H01H3/42—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using cam or eccentric
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
  • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
  • H01H33/121—Load break switches
  • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H31/003—Earthing switches

Definitions

• the invention relates to a switchgear, insbesonde re for medium and / or high voltages, with an optimized three-position switch and an optimized three-position switch.
• Switch disconnectors must be able to carry and switch off the rated current of an electrical network, whereby a defined insulating distance must be maintained in the "off" switching state.
• the switch disconnector must also carry the rated and short-time currents, switch on the short-circuit current and be able to extinguish the switching arc
• the power of the switch-disconnector is essentially defined by the rated voltage, the rated current and the rated current (to be switched).
• the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a switchgear with a three-position switch and a three-position switch for this purpose.
• One embodiment relates to a three-position switch, in particular for medium and / or high voltages, the three-position switch having a main current path and an auxiliary current path parallel to the main current path, the auxiliary current path providing an arc extinguishing device with arc extinguishing contacts, of which at least one arc extinguishing contact is an arc extinguishing contact and wherein the main current path is a contact system of movement contacts,
• the moving contacts are arranged on a common axis of rotation between the fixed contacts, the moving contacts are rotatable through the axis of rotation and at least the second moving contact is so movably Gela that the movement of the second moving contact via a first control means in addition to the movement of the axis of rotation is controllable and movable, a second control means, which is movably connected to the first control means, is designed to move a third control means together with the first control means, the third control means with the moving arc extinguishing contact is connected in such a way that the movement of the third control means generates and controls a movement of the moving arc extinguishing contact, the moving contacts being configured to contact the fixed contacts and to establish a current path between different fixed contacts.
• the partial decoupling of the movement of the first moving contact and the second moving contact in the main current path ensures that the required isolation distance between moving contacts and fixed contacts is always maintained, while at the same time ensuring a more compact structure. It is preferred that the first moving contact is firmly connected to the rotation axis or the first control means and thus always moves synchronously with the rotation axis or the first control means.
• the second control means together with the first control means, causes the third control means to move the arc-extinguishing contact in different directions of rotation about the axis of rotation through the first control means and the second control means to different positions of the first moving contact.
• first control means with a first control profile and the second control means with a second control profile control the position and movement of the third control means via a third control profile arranged on the third control means.
• the interlocking of the control profiles enables a complex sequence of movements of the first moving contact and the second moving contact without unnecessarily increasing the complexity of the drive.
• the movement of the second moving contact is controlled or can be controlled by a control bolt in or along a curved path in or on the first control means.
• the arc extinguishing device is a vacuum interrupter, in particular a vacuum load interrupter.
• the switch is a three-position switch for gas-insulated switchgear, the insulating gas being SF6, containing SF6 or being different from SF6.
• the insulating gas SF6 or a gas mixture with SF6 or an insulating gas different from SF6 can be used or is used.
• the insulating gas contains fluoroketones and / or fluoronitriles and / or fluorinated compounds and / or nitrogen and carbon dioxide or contains a greater part or is formed to at least 95% of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
• the moving arc extinguishing contact has a puncture on a bolt of the moving arc extinguishing contact, into which a lever of the third control means engages and wherein a contact strip in the area of the puncture in the moving bolt of the vacuum interrupter is designed as a resilient, pre-tensioned clamp.
• the contact strip electrically conductively connects the bolt of the arc extinguishing movement contact with the fixed auxiliary current path contact.
• the contact strip both planar surfaces of the bolt, between which two planar surfaces of the bolt the lever of the third control means engages, with a defined or definable biasing force.
• the lever is located within the bracket geometry. When actuated, the lever force always acts on the bolt of the vacuum interrupter via the contact strip, which forms a current band or part of a current band.
• control electrodes are arranged in such a way that a dielectric strength is applied to the respective control electrodes Contacts is increased.
• control electrodes are formed from a conductive material and are coated with an insulating layer. This increases the dielectric strength of the commutation distance and also ensures that no pre-ignition arc ignites on one of the control electrodes when it is switched on.
• first moving contact is designed as a first moving contact widened at an end pointing away from the axis of rotation in such a way that the widened first moving contact both the main current path fixed contact and the Ne at a transition between the first main current path fixed contact and secondary current path fixed contact Benstrompfadfest Quiltitch touched at the same time, so electrically contacted.
• the widened first moving contact has one or more slots, in particular longitudinal slots, at least at the end facing away from the axis of rotation, so that the first moving contact when entering or leaving the first main current path fixed contact and / or the second Main current path fixed contact and / or secondary current path fixed contact is less stiff and prevents or reduces bouncing of the first moving contact when it hits the first main current path fixed contact.
• Switchgear especially medium or high-voltage switchgear, with a three-position switch according to one of the above versions.
• the switchgear is designed as a gas-insulated switchgear, with SF6 or a gas mixture with SF6 or an insulating gas different from SF6 being or being used as the insulating gas.
• the exemplary embodiment describes a switching principle of a load break switch, in particular a load break switch in an SF6-free environment, in which a vacuum load interrupter is preferably used as the arc extinguishing device.
• the required isolating distance is created using a knife system, the moving contacts in the main current path in the gas space.
• the opening of the vacuum tube that is, the opening of the arc extinguishing contacts of the arc extinguishing device, and thus switching off the current is initiated.
• the first movement contact moves on one of the auxiliary current path fixed contact associated with the arc extinguishing movement contact of the vacuum tube, a sliding contact, such as the first main current path fixed contact, the second main current path fixed contact and the earth fixed contact.
• the vacuum tube is only loaded with electricity for the short time it is switched off.
• the switch-on strength and continuous current carrying capacity is guaranteed via the main current path, which, as previously known, is designed for the busbar and cable outlet connection via a moving knife system, the moving contacts, and two fixed contacts, the first main current path fixed contact and the second main current path fixed contact.
• the vacuum tube opening is kinematically controlled by a first control means and a second control means, for example a Cam, and a third control means, for example a lever or means provided with a lever accordingly to the rotary position of the switch blade system, the moving contacts controlled.
• a first control means and a second control means for example a Cam
• a third control means for example a lever or means provided with a lever accordingly to the rotary position of the switch blade system, the moving contacts controlled.
• the moving bolt of the vacuum tube which is connected to the arc extinguishing contact that carries out the lifting movement, preferably consists of a one-piece rod with a puncture or a taper or constriction into which the lever engages at the interface to the lever. This saves additional components and results in a cost-effective and reliable mechanical connection.
• the moving bolt is electrically connected to the fixed auxiliary current path contact via a flexible current band.
• power cords are screwed onto the vacuum tube bolts.
• the auxiliary current path is subject to lower requirements with regard to electrical conductivity.
• connection of the current band to the vacuum tube such as clipping or clipping via a clamp effect, similar to shaft securing elements, a plug connection, or a push-button connection of a 9V battery or an ESD spiral cable.
• the current band in the area of the A stab in the moving bolt of the vacuum interrupter is designed as a spring-loaded, pretensioned clamp, and makes contact with the planar surfaces of the bolt with a defined biasing force.
• the lever is located within the clip geometry. The lever force acts when it is actuated always over the current band on the bolt of the vacuum tube. During actuation, this increases the pressing force of the live parts on one another and thus improves the electrical contact.
• This connection described has the advantage of a quick, simple but also error-free assembly. It decouples the current band from the rotational alignment of the vacuum tube around its own axis and therefore does not require any additional measures to prevent the
• the second control center e.g. B. a flap, provided as an extension of the first control means, the cam, which only comes into effect when egg ner activation, and the cam is extended.
• this flap is swiveled away from the kinematic function by the lever.
• the earth position can be achieved by switching to the "OFF" position. This results in a switch with the known three switching positions on /
• the flow of current from the main current path to the secondary current path should take place without interruption.
• Control electrodes arranged in contacts increase the dielectric strength of the contacts to one another.
• the conductive control electrodes are also coated with an insulating layer. This increases the dielectric strength of the commutation distance and also ensures that no pre-ignition arc ignites on one of the control electrodes when it is switched on.
• a widened first moving contact is suitable, for example a widened switch blade, which is geometrically able to briefly contact both contacts simultaneously.
• the fixed auxiliary current path contact only carries the rated current for a short time and is designed as a sliding or sliding contact, the pressure should be applied to reduce wear
• Switching knife on the bypass path fixed contact lowered. This can be done via a thinner design of the secondary flow path fixed contact compared to the first main current path fixed contact, the second main current path fixed contact and the fixed earth contact, or via a separate contact point with less pressure.
• the contact can also be made radially or from the outside on the moving contacts.
• the fixed bypass path contact can be made movable. This has the advantage that the switch blade is narrower and the fixed auxiliary current path contact is more compact. leads can be. Depending on the overall design of the switching device, this can lead to a smaller design.
• the fixed bypass path contact must be moved along with the switch blade during switch-off until the vacuum tube has switched off the current. The design must be such that the distance between the secondary contact including the switch blade and the busbar contact increases sufficiently quickly to be voltage-proof against the overvoltages that occur during a switch-off.
• This principle of the contact extension can be transferred to the cable outlet contact in the same way with a double-breaking isolator.
• the first moving contact e.g. the corresponding switch blade
• the first moving contact for mechanical decoupling of the two moving contact contact surfaces of the first moving contact, slotted long, that is, radially in relation to the circular movement of the switch blade.
• the first moving contact experiences a pre-alignment via the auxiliary current path fixed contact before it makes contact with the busbar.
• the widening of the first moving contact while driving over and leaving the auxiliary current path has no fixed contact due to the longitudinal slot
• the contact pressure force and the drive-up dynamics on the first main current path fixed contact behave autonomously in relation to the contact with the auxiliary current path fixed contact.
• the switching device must realize the three switching positions on / off / earth and provide a dynamic intermediate position for switching off the power. At the same time, it requires larger voltage distances compared to SF6-insulated switchgear.
• the moving contacts are designed to rotate centrally and with double interruption.
• the moving contacts contain a joint in order to enable a kink, and thus an optimal division of installation space, but also different movement sequences of the individual moving contacts.
• the first moving contact which goes through the commutation, is here directly connected to the axis of rotation, the main rotor.
• the second moving contact also referred to as a secondary switch blade, is intended to have a fixed path contact during a switch-off until after the current flow on the second main current has been switched off, e.g. the cable outlet contact, remain. Only then should the second moving contact be engaged and follow the movement of the axis of rotation, the main rotor.
• This control is implemented through the interaction of a control bolt and at least two cam tracks.
• One of the cam tracks is located on an immobile component, e.g. Support structure, e.g. a partition.
• the second cam track is located on the first control means, which is firmly connected to the main rotor.
• the two cam tracks each have an individual course, are arranged next to one another in parallel planes and at all times form a common overlap in which the control pin is located.
• the movement of one of the components causes the curves to move relative to one another. Due to the Relativbe movement, the common overlap is shifted at will according to the design of the cam tracks.
• the course of the cam tracks can be designed in such a way that the joint intersection of the cam tracks stops, makes its own movement, or moves exactly with the moving part.
• the control bolt always follows the common overlap and can be used to take along, move or stop another component yourself. This enables any coupling and decoupling of a component to the main rotor.
• the control bolt moves the second moving contact.
• a radially arranged elongated hole is introduced into the second moving contact around the control pin.
• the cam control is symmetrically mirrored or doubled around the center of the phase.
• the advantage of the switching kinematics described is in particular the use of an inexpensive vacuum load interrupter that is not switch-on-proof and is only designed for switching off.
• the tube has no or only low requirements in terms of switch-on strength, surge current conditions or even continuous current carrying capacity.
• the current flow in the secondary current path is limited only to the short period of time during which the current is canceled.
• the use of copper in the secondary trumpet can be reduced, which in turn brings cost advantages.
• the arrangement of the first control means, the flap, in the second control means, the main rotor, which varies the kinematics between switching on and off, enables a simple and compact design and a dielectrically interference-free un placement of a return spring on the electrical potential of the moving contacts.
• the breaking arc is only located in the tube. This minimizes the wear and tear on the isolator contacts, since there is no erosion on the contacts due to the arc when switching off.
• the joint between the moving contacts e.g. The switching knife assembly, in combination with the cam track control of the second moving contact, enables different movement states of moving contacts depending on the switching angle, despite only one drive movement. This enables previously contradicting movement states, thereby moving contacts
• Fig. 2 Schematic representation of an inventive Three-position switch in the commutation phase from ON to delete and a corresponding replacement circuit diagram
• Fig. 3 Schematic representation of an inventive
• Fig. 4 Schematic representation of an inventive
• Fig. 5 Schematic representation of an inventive
• Fig. 6 Schematic representation of a section with the
• FIG. 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-position switch 5 with the main current path 10, the auxiliary current path 15, the first main current path fixed contact 50, the second main current path fixed contact 60, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70, the fixed earth contact 80 and the arc extinguishing device 150, here a vacuum interrupter.
• the three-position switch 5 has a secondary flow path consisting of the arc extinguishing device 150, with the arc extinguishing contacts 160, the arc extinguishing fixed contact 163, the arc extinguishing moving contact 165, the Contact strip 170 between the moving arc extinguishing contact 165 and the fixed auxiliary current path contact 70 and the fixed auxiliary current path contact 70.
• the three-position switch 5 also has a first th main current path fixed contact 50, a second main current path fixed contact 60 and a fixed earth contact 80.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30 are rotatable and pivotable about the axis of rotation 17.
• the first moving contact 20 is firmly connected to the axis of rotation 17 and / or the first control means 90.
• the second moving contact 30 can move with the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17 or move relative to the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17.
• the first fixed main current path contact 50 and the second fixed main current path contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30.
• a current can therefore flow via the main current path 10.
• FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-position switch 5 with the main current path 10, the auxiliary current path 15, the first main current path fixed contact 50, the second main current path fixed contact 60, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70, the earth fixed contact 80 and the arc extinguishing device 150, here a vacuum interrupter.
• the three-position switch 5 has a secondary trompfad consisting of the arc extinguishing device 150, with the arc extinguishing contacts 160, the arc extinguishing fixed contact 163, the arc extinguishing moving contact 165, the contact strip 170 between the arc extinguishing moving contact 165 and auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 and the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70. Furthermore, the three-position switch 5 has a first main current path fixed contact 50, a second main current path fixed contact. TrompfadfestWallet 60 and a ErdfestWallet 80.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30 Centrally between the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80 are the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30, which are electrically connected by means of a joint.
• control electrodes 180 are arranged in the area of the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80.
• a first control means 90 with a first control profile 92 and a second control means 100 with a second control profile 102 control the position and movement of the third control means 110 with a third control profile 112.
• the third control means is connected to the arc extinguishing movement contact and thus determines whether the arc extinguishing device 150 is open, closed, or in motion.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30 are rotatable and pivotable about the axis of rotation 17.
• the first moving contact 20 is firmly connected to the axis of rotation 17 and / or the first control means 90.
• the second moving contact 30 can move with the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17 or move relative to the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17.
• a control pin 195 in the cam track 190 controls the movement of the second moving contact 30.
• the first main current path fixed contact 50, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 and the second main current fixed path contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30.
• a current can therefore flow via the main current path 10 and the auxiliary current path 15.
• FIG. 3 shows on the left side an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-position switch 5 with the main current path 10, the Auxiliary current path 15, the first main current path fixed contact 50, the second main current path fixed contact 60, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70, the fixed earth contact 80 and the arc extinguishing device 150, here a vacuum interrupter.
• the schematic of a three-position switch 5 according to the invention is in the "extinguishing" position.
• the three-position switch 5 has a secondary current path consisting of the arc extinguishing device 150, with the arc extinguishing contacts, the arc extinguishing fixed contact 163, the arc extinguishing moving contact 165, the contact strip 170 between the arc extinguishing moving contact 165 and the fixed auxiliary current path contact 70 and the fixed auxiliary current path contact 70.
• the three-position switch 5 also has a first fixed main current path contact 50, a second fixed main current path contact 60 and a fixed earth contact 80.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30, Centrally between the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80 are the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30, which are electrically connected by means of a joint.
• Control electrodes 180 are arranged in the area of the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80.
• a first control means 90 with a first control profile 92 and a second Steer rstoff 100 with a second control profile 102 control the position and movement of the third control means 110 with a third control profile 112.
• the third control means is connected to the arc extinguishing movement contact and thus determines whether the arc extinguishing device 150 is open, closed or moving is located.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second Be wegWallet 30 are rotatable about the axis of rotation 17, pivotable bar.
• the first moving contact 20 is firmly connected to the axis of rotation 17 and / or to the first control means 90.
• the second moving contact 30 can move with the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17 or move relative to the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17.
• the auxiliary current path fixed contact and the second main current path fixed contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30.
• the light- Arc extinguishing device extinguishes the arc 164 between the fixed arc extinguishing contact 163 and the arc extinguishing movement contact 165.
• FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-position switch 5 with the main current path 10, the auxiliary current path 15, the first main current path fixed contact 50, the second main current path fixed contact 60, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70, the fixed earth contact 80 and the arc extinguishing device 150, here a vacuum interrupter.
• the three-position switch 5 has a secondary current path consisting of the arc extinguishing device 150, with the arc extinguishing contacts 160, the arc extinguishing fixed contact 163, the arc extinguishing moving contact 165, the Contact strip 170 between arc extinguishing moving contact 165 and auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 and the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70. Furthermore, the three-position switch 5 has a first main current path fixed contact 50, a second main current path fixed contact 60 and a fixed earth contact 80.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30 are rotatable and pivotable about the axis of rotation 17.
• the first moving contact 20 is fixed to the axis of rotation 17 and / or to the first control means 90 connected.
• the second moving contact 30 can move with the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17 or move relative to the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17.
• the fixed earth contact 80 and the second fixed main current path contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30.
• FIG. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a three-position switch 5 with the main current path 10, the auxiliary current path 15, the first main current path fixed contact 50, the second main current path fixed contact 60, the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70, the earth fixed contact 80 and the arc extinguishing device 150, here a vacuum interrupter.
• FIG. 5 On the right-hand side of FIG. 5 is the schematic of a three-position switch 5 according to the invention in the intermediate phase from OFF to ON.
• the three-position switch 5 has an auxiliary current path consisting of the arc extinguishing device 150, with the arc extinguishing contacts 160, the arc extinguishing fixed contact 163, the arc extinguishing moving contact 165, the contact strip 170 between the arc extinguishing moving contact 165 and the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 and the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70.
• the three-position switch 5 also has a first main current switch 5 Fixed path contact 50, a second fixed main current path contact 60 and a fixed earth contact 80. Centrally between the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80 are the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30, which are electrically connected by means of a joint.
• control electrodes 180 are arranged in the area of the fixed contacts 50, 60, 70, 80 control electrodes 180 are arranged.
• the third control means is with the arc extinguishing movement contact is connected to determine whether the arc extinguisher 150 is open, closed, or in motion.
• the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30 are rotatable and pivotable about the axis of rotation 17.
• the first moving contact 20 is firmly connected to the axis of rotation 17 and / or to the first control means 90.
• the second moving contact 30 can move with the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17 or move relative to the first control means 90 and the axis of rotation 17.
• the first main current path fixed contact 50 and the second main current path fixed contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30.
• a current can therefore flow via the main current path 10.
• the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 and the second main current path fixed contact 60 are connected via the first moving contact 20 and the second moving contact 30, between the first moving contact 20 and the first main current path fixed contact 50 an arc 164 has ignited.
• the arc extinguishing device 150 is open so that the arc extinguishing device 150 is not loaded with the inrush current. A current can therefore begin to flow via the main current path 10.
• Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a section with the connection of the bolt 166 of the arc extinguishing contact 165 to the third control means 110 and the auxiliary current path fixed contact 70 with a contact strip 170.
• the contact strip 170 serves here on the one hand for the electrically conductive connection of the arc extinguishing contact 165 with the By-pass current path fixed contact 70 and, on the other hand, the effect of a contact force 169 by pretensioning the arc extinguishing device 150.
• the recess 167 enables the third control means to be simply mechanically coupled to the bolt 166 and the contact strip 170 to the bolt 166.
• the pretensioned contact strip 170 enables a sufficient play 168 between third Control element 110 and bolt 166 for a clean closing of the arc extinguishing device 150.

Landscapes

• Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
• High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
• Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
• Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
• Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (4)

• 2020
  • 2020-03-23 WO PCT/EP2020/057928 patent/WO2020200864A1/de unknown
  • 2020-03-23 ES ES20718152T patent/ES2943936T3/es active Active
  • 2020-03-23 EP EP20718152.0A patent/EP3928344B1/de active Active

Patent Citations (4)

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