WO2020192023A1 - 一种离心风机 - Google Patents

一种离心风机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020192023A1
WO2020192023A1 PCT/CN2019/104620 CN2019104620W WO2020192023A1 WO 2020192023 A1 WO2020192023 A1 WO 2020192023A1 CN 2019104620 W CN2019104620 W CN 2019104620W WO 2020192023 A1 WO2020192023 A1 WO 2020192023A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
centrifugal fan
rear wheel
fan according
motor
disc
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/104620
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐海明
Original Assignee
中山宜必思科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201920412217.1U external-priority patent/CN210068559U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910242456.1A external-priority patent/CN109854531A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920417311.6U external-priority patent/CN209908803U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920451189.4U external-priority patent/CN209908804U/zh
Application filed by 中山宜必思科技有限公司 filed Critical 中山宜必思科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020192023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020192023A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a centrifugal fan.
  • the backward centrifugal fans include impellers.
  • the impellers are not uniform due to material unevenness or blank defects, errors in processing and assembly, and even design When the impeller has asymmetric geometric shapes and other factors, it is impossible for the centroid of each micro segment of the impeller to be strictly on the axis of rotation, and when the impeller rotates, the centrifugal inertial force generated by multiple tiny particles cannot cancel each other and cause lateral interference. .
  • the impeller In order to reduce the unfavorable factors caused by lateral interference to the fan, designers often perform process balancing methods on the impeller, that is, install the impeller on the rotor dynamic balancing machine for dynamic balance correction to reduce the lateral interference when the impeller rotates; finally, the dynamic balance is over.
  • the impeller and motor are reassembled.
  • the impeller is usually combined with other parts to play a role, such as installed in the cavity, volute, filter structure, etc.
  • the gas flowing into the impeller and the gas flowing out of the impeller have a continuous or periodic impact with these components. At the same time, the gas will also have a reverse impact on the impeller.
  • the frequency of these impacts is the same as that of the impeller.
  • the system will vibrate strongly, that is, resonance.
  • the engineering will test the critical speed of the fan when resonance occurs, and pass the debugging Program or artificial setting to avoid the fan running at the critical speed and make the fan quickly pass the critical speed.
  • the rotating speed of the dynamic balancing machine itself is limited, and the impeller cannot be effectively prevented from being deformed at high speeds from being unbalanced after the impeller is balanced by the process.
  • the supporting conditions of the impeller during dynamic balancing are different from those under the actual working conditions.
  • the coordination between the impeller and the balancing device and the actual working conditions of the impeller are also different, even if the high-precision balance has been achieved on the dynamic balancing machine, After transportation and reassembly, the balance accuracy will inevitably decrease before use. When it is at the working speed, it may still produce unallowable vibration.
  • the impeller will change the dynamic balance of the impeller due to dust accumulation during its operation, which may cause the impeller to produce impermissible vibrations at its working speed.
  • the existing centrifugal fan still has the following structural problems: the separation vortex phenomenon is likely to occur between the motor and the rear wheel disk, resulting in low working efficiency of the fan, high power consumption, and not meeting the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection; the outer rotor motor and the rear wheel disk It is easy to produce separation vortex phenomenon between the pressure pulsation and noise, which does not meet the market's requirements for low noise; the volume of the shroud is too large, which reduces the volume of the air duct inside the impeller, and the inside of the impeller is easy to be near the heat dissipation through holes The vortex area is generated, which affects the fluency of the gas in the air duct.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a centrifugal fan, which solves the technical problem of vibration caused by the destruction of the dynamic balance of the impeller during operation due to various unfavorable factors in the prior art.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a backward centrifugal fan with a guide device.
  • a centrifugal fan includes a centrifugal wind wheel and a motor.
  • the centrifugal wind wheel includes an annular rear wheel disc, a front wheel disc and a plurality of wind blades.
  • the center of the rear wheel disc is provided with a central hole for installing the motor.
  • the center is provided with a first air inlet, a number of wind blades are installed between the rear wheel disc and the front wheel disc, a first air duct is formed between two adjacent wind blades, and a first air outlet is formed on the outer edge of the first air duct.
  • the motor is installed in the center hole and connected with the rear wheel, and is characterized in that: a plurality of dampers are installed on the rear wheel or/and the front wheel.
  • the damper is installed on the bottom surface of the rear wheel disk or/and the top surface of the front wheel disk, and the bottom surface of the rear wheel disk and the top surface of the front wheel disk are not in the first air duct.
  • the damper includes a first housing, a first damping slider and a number of first springs.
  • the first housing is provided with a first cavity.
  • the first damping slider is located in the first cavity.
  • One end of the first spring is connected to the The first damping slider is connected, and the other end of the first spring is connected with the inner wall of the first cavity.
  • At least one damper is installed on the top surface of the front wheel disc, two first springs are arranged in the damper on the front wheel disc, and the two first springs are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first damping slider.
  • the two first springs in the damper are distributed radially or circumferentially.
  • Two dampers are installed on the top surface of the front wheel disc, and the first springs of the two dampers are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • a damper is installed on the bottom surface of the rear wheel disk, and the damper on the rear wheel disk is provided with four first springs.
  • the four first springs are centered on the first damping slider and arranged in a crisscross pattern. Around the first damping slider.
  • An internal damper is installed between the rear wheel and the motor.
  • the internal damper includes a second housing, a second damping slider and a number of second springs.
  • One end of the second housing is connected to the inner surface of the rear wheel disc, and the other end of the second housing is connected to the outer surface of the motor.
  • the second housing is provided with a second cavity, the second damping slider is located in the middle of the second cavity, one end of the second spring is connected with the second damping slider, and the other end of the second spring is connected with the side wall of the second cavity .
  • the motor is an outer rotor motor, and the motor is surrounded by a flow guiding device, which is supported and installed on the rear wheel disc.
  • the flow guiding device is an annular conical disc, the middle of the annular conical disc is provided with a sleeve part, the annular conical disc is sleeved on the periphery of the motor through the sleeve part, and the bottom surface of the annular conical disc is provided with a plurality of places that can be placed Weight holes for heavy parts.
  • the counterweight holes are evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the annular cone disk along the circumference.
  • the counterweight holes are unevenly distributed along the circumference and are arranged on the bottom surface of the annular cone disc.
  • the diameter H1 of the annular cone is smaller than the diameter H2 of the air inlet.
  • a number of first mounting holes are provided on the bottom surface of the annular cone disk, and a number of second mounting holes are provided on the rear wheel disk.
  • the connecting piece passes through the first mounting holes and the second mounting holes to fix the ring cone disk on the rear.
  • the top surface of the annular cone disc is a first arc-shaped guide surface.
  • the flow guide device includes a plurality of blade bodies and a flow guide cover.
  • the blade body is installed on the rear wheel disc and circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the motor.
  • the flow guide device is installed on the blade body.
  • a second air duct is formed in between, a second air inlet is formed between the inner edge of the air deflector and the outer edge of the motor, and a second air outlet is formed between the outer edge of the air deflector and the rear wheel disc.
  • the second air duct is connected to the first air duct.
  • the bottom of the blade body is provided with a third installation hole, and the rear wheel disc is provided with a fourth installation hole, and the blade body is fixed on the rear wheel disc through the connecting piece through the fourth installation hole and the third installation hole.
  • the end surface of the deflector is a second arc-shaped deflector surface.
  • the flow guide device further includes a bottom plate, the bottom plate is installed between the blade body and the rear wheel disc, the bottom plate is provided with a fifth mounting hole, through the connecting piece through the fourth mounting hole, the fifth mounting hole and the first Three mounting holes are used to fix the blade body and the bottom plate on the rear wheel disc.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom plate is provided with several counterweight holes for placing counterweights.
  • the flow guiding device includes an outer cover and an inner cylinder.
  • the surface of the outer cover is provided with a third arc-shaped flow guide surface.
  • the top of the outer cover is connected with the top of the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder is sleeved outside the motor.
  • the inner surface of the front wheel disc is provided with an arc surface, and the curvature direction of the arc surface is the same as that of the third arc guide surface.
  • a number of positioning clamp posts protrude from the side wall of the inner cylinder, and the positioning clamp posts abut on the outer surface of the motor.
  • the flow guiding device also includes an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is arranged outside the inner cylinder, the top of the outer cylinder is connected with the middle of the outer cover, and the outer cylinder abuts on the rear wheel disc.
  • the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of mounting screw holes
  • the rear wheel disc is provided with a plurality of fixing holes on the periphery of the fifth mounting hole
  • the fixing holes are arranged corresponding to the mounting screw holes, and the fixing holes are installed.
  • the utility model includes a centrifugal wind wheel and a motor.
  • the centrifugal wind wheel includes a ring-shaped rear wheel disc, a front wheel disc and a number of wind blades.
  • the center of the rear wheel disc is provided with a central hole for installing the motor.
  • the center is provided with a first air inlet, a number of wind blades are installed between the rear wheel disc and the front wheel disc, a first air duct is formed between two adjacent wind blades, and a first air outlet is formed on the outer edge of the first air duct.
  • the motor is installed in the center hole and connected to the rear wheel, and is characterized in that: the rear wheel or/and the front wheel are installed with several dampers, when the impeller is running, the dampers make the impeller reach a dynamic
  • the balance state is beneficial to dissipate the impeller's impermissible vibration energy generated by dust accumulation, dynamic unbalance, and anti-aerodynamic forces; when the impeller resonates, the damper can dissipate the impeller's vibration energy and reduce the vibration noise , To avoid damage to the impeller; make the impeller run more stable;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal wind wheel structure in the first embodiment of the present utility model
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural exploded view of the first embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural exploded view from another angle of the first embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the first embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of B-B in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the annular cone in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the utility model.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the second embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of D-D in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 13 is a partial enlarged view of E in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the fourth embodiment of the present utility model.
  • Figure 15 is an exploded view of the fourth embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 17 is an enlarged view of F in Figure 16;
  • 19 is a schematic structural view of another angle of the guide device in the fourth embodiment of the present utility model.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal wind wheel with dampers installed in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic structural view of another angle of the centrifugal wind wheel with a damper installed in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a partial exploded view of the centrifugal wind wheel with dampers installed in the fifth embodiment of the present utility model
  • 24 is another structural schematic diagram of the centrifugal wind wheel with dampers installed in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a partial structure of the centrifugal wind wheel with dampers installed in the fifth embodiment of the utility model
  • Fig. 26 is an enlarged view of C in Fig. 25.
  • a centrifugal fan includes a centrifugal wind wheel 1 and a motor 2.
  • the centrifugal wind wheel 1 includes an annular rear wheel disc 11, a front wheel disc 12 and a number of wind blades 13, and the rear wheel
  • the center of the disk 11 is provided with a center hole 110 for installing the motor 2
  • the center of the front wheel 12 is provided with a first air inlet 120
  • a number of wind blades 13 are installed between the rear wheel 11 and the front wheel 12, and two adjacent wind blades
  • a first air duct 130 is formed between 13 and a first air outlet 131 is formed on the outer edge of the first air duct 130.
  • the motor 2 is installed in the central hole 110 and connected to the rear wheel 11, characterized in that:
  • the motor 2 is an external rotor motor.
  • the motor 2 is surrounded by a flow guide device 3, which is supported and installed on the rear wheel disk 11.
  • the flow guide device 3 effectively avoids the separation between the motor and the rear wheel disk.
  • the vortex phenomenon can improve the working efficiency of the fan, reduce the power, and meet the environmental protection requirements of the market.
  • the flow guiding device 3 is an annular cone 31.
  • the annular cone 31 is provided with a sleeve portion 310 in the middle.
  • the annular cone 31 is sleeved on the periphery of the motor 2 through the sleeve portion 310.
  • the bottom surface 311 is provided with a number of counterweight holes 312 where counterweights can be placed. The balance of the rear wheel can be adjusted by adding counterweights to achieve high-speed operation stability and reduce the noise of the fan.
  • the counterweight holes 312 are evenly arranged on the bottom surface 311 of the annular cone 31 along the circumference.
  • the structure is simple, which is convenient for solving the stability of the fan, and the structure is simple, which is convenient for solving the stability of the fan.
  • the weight holes 312 are arranged unevenly along the circumference on the bottom surface 311 of the annular cone 31, which has a simple structure and is convenient for solving the stability of the fan.
  • the diameter H1 of the annular cone 31 is smaller than the diameter H2 of the air inlet 120, which helps to improve the operating efficiency of the fan.
  • a number of first mounting holes 313 are provided on the bottom surface 311 of the annular cone disk 31, and a number of second mounting holes 111 are provided on the rear wheel disk 11, which pass through the first mounting holes 313 and the second mounting holes 111 through connectors,
  • the annular cone 31 is fixed on the rear wheel 11, the top surface of the annular cone 31 is a first arc-shaped guide surface 314, the connecting piece is a screw, the installation structure is simple, which is convenient for airflow diversion and prevents the motor There is a vortex phenomenon between it and the rear wheel.
  • the flow guiding device 3 includes a number of blade bodies 32 and a flow deflector 33.
  • the blade bodies 32 are mounted on the rear wheel disc 11 and Circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the motor 2, the flow deflector 33 is mounted on the blade body 32, a second air duct 320 is formed between two adjacent blade bodies 32, and the inner edge 331 of the flow deflector 33 is connected to the motor 2
  • a second air inlet 330 is formed between the outer edges 21 of the air deflector, and a second air outlet 333 is formed between the outer edge 332 of the air deflector 33 and the rear wheel disk 11.
  • the second air duct 320 and the first air duct 130 are connected.
  • the bottom of the blade body 32 is provided with a third mounting hole 321, and the rear wheel disk 11 is provided with a fourth mounting hole 112.
  • the connector passes through the fourth mounting hole 112 and the third mounting hole 321 to fix the rear wheel.
  • the connecting parts are screws, and the installation structure is simple.
  • the end surface of the deflector 33 is a second arc-shaped deflector surface 334, which facilitates airflow diversion, can effectively reduce the impact of the airflow on the centrifugal wind wheel 1 and improve the stability of the fan.
  • the flow guiding device 3 further includes a bottom plate 34 installed between the blade body 32 and the rear wheel disk 11,
  • the bottom plate 34 is provided with a fifth mounting hole 341, which passes through the fourth mounting hole 112, the fifth mounting hole 341 and the third mounting hole 321 through the connecting piece, and fixes the blade body 32 and the bottom plate 34 on the rear wheel disk 11
  • the bottom surface 342 of the bottom plate 34 is provided with a number of counterweight holes 312 where counterweights can be placed. The balance of the rear wheel 11 can be adjusted by adding counterweights to achieve high-speed operation stability and reduce the noise of the fan.
  • the diversion device 3 includes an outer cover 35 and an inner cylinder 36.
  • the surface of the outer cover 35 is provided with a third arc-shaped diversion Surface 351, the top of the outer cover 35 and the top of the inner cylinder 36 are connected, the inner cylinder 36 is sleeved outside the motor 2, and the deflector 3 occupies a small volume inside the wind blade 13, which improves the area distribution of the flow channel inside the impeller.
  • the gas flows smoothly in the first air duct 130, and the aerodynamic performance of the impeller is improved; the motor 2 is partially exposed outside the guide device 3, and the heat dissipation effect is good; the aerodynamic noise is reduced.
  • the inner surface of the front wheel disc 12 is provided with an arc surface 121, and the curvature direction of the arc surface 121 and the third arc guide surface 351 are the same, so that the flow channel inside the wind blade 13 is smoother.
  • the inner wall of the inner cylinder 36 is protruded with a plurality of positioning clamp posts 361, and the positioning clamp posts 361 abut on the outer surface of the motor 2 for easy installation and firm combination.
  • the flow guiding device 3 also includes an outer cylinder 37, the outer cylinder 37 is arranged outside the inner cylinder 36, the top of the outer cylinder 37 is connected to the middle of the outer cover 35, and the outer cylinder 37 abuts on the rear wheel disk 11,
  • the guide device 3 has simple structure, convenient installation and low production cost.
  • the outer cylinder 37 is provided with a number of mounting screw holes 371
  • the rear wheel disk 11 is provided with a number of fixing holes 114 on the periphery of the fifth mounting hole 113
  • the fixing holes 114 and the mounting screw holes 371 are arranged correspondingly, the fixing holes 114 and the mounting screw holes
  • Reinforcing ribs 38 are provided between the outer cylinder body 37, the inner cylinder body 36 and the outer cover body 35, and the reinforcing ribs 38 strengthen the strength of the diversion device 3.
  • the inner side of the rear wheel 11 is recessed with a mounting groove 10 in the opposite direction of the front wheel 12, the mounting groove is located in the middle of the rear wheel 11, and the fifth mounting hole 113 and the fixing hole 114 are located in the mounting groove 10
  • the motor 2 is installed in the installation groove 10, and the installation groove 10 reduces the installation height of the motor 2 and the guide device 3, and further ensures the smooth flow of the gas inside the wind blade 13.
  • the motor 2 includes a motor body 22 and a motor controller 23.
  • the motor body 22 is installed in a plurality of wind blades 13, and the motor controller 23 is located outside the plurality of wind blades 13, and the structure is reasonable.
  • this embodiment is a centrifugal fan, including a centrifugal wind wheel 1 and a motor 2.
  • the centrifugal wind wheel 1 includes an annular rear wheel disc 11, a front wheel disc 12 and a number of wind blades 13 ,
  • the center of the rear wheel 11 is provided with a center hole 110 for installing the motor 2
  • the center of the front wheel 12 is provided with a first air inlet 120
  • a number of wind blades 13 are installed between the rear wheel 11 and the front wheel 12, adjacent
  • a first air duct 130 is formed between the two wind blades 13, and a first air outlet 131 is formed on the outer edge of the first air duct 130.
  • the motor 2 is installed in the central hole 110 and connected to the rear wheel 11, and is characterized by :
  • the rear wheel 11 or/and the front wheel 12 are equipped with several dampers 5, when the centrifugal wind wheel is running, the damper 5 makes the centrifugal wind wheel reach a dynamic equilibrium state, which is beneficial to dissipate the centrifugal wind
  • the vibration energy of the wheel is not allowed under the action of dust accumulation, dynamic imbalance, and anti-aerodynamic force; when the centrifugal wind wheel resonates, the damper 5 can dissipate the vibration energy of the centrifugal wind wheel in a large amount, reduce vibration noise, and avoid The centrifugal wind wheel is damaged; the centrifugal wind wheel runs more stable.
  • the damper 5 is installed on the bottom surface 115 of the rear wheel 11 or/and the top surface 122 of the front wheel 12, and the bottom surface 115 of the rear wheel 11 and the top surface 122 of the front wheel 12 are not in the first air duct 130 , Does not have a negative impact on the gas inside the impeller.
  • the damper 5 includes a first housing 53, a first damping slider 51, and a plurality of first springs 52.
  • the first housing 53 is provided with a first cavity 54 and the first damping slider 51 is located in the first cavity.
  • one end of the first spring 52 is connected to the first damping slider 51, and the other end of the first spring 52 is connected to the inner wall 55 of the first cavity 54.
  • the damper 5 has a simple structure and is easy to install.
  • At least one damper 5 is installed on the top surface 122 of the front wheel disc 12, two first springs 52 are arranged in the damper 5 on the front wheel disc 12, and the two first springs 52 are symmetrically arranged on the first A damping slider 51 on both sides.
  • the two first springs 52 in the damper 5 are distributed radially or circumferentially, and the dampers can be installed according to actual conditions, which is flexible and convenient.
  • Two dampers 5 are installed on the top surface 122 of the front wheel disc 12, and the first springs 52 of the two dampers 5 are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the two dampers 5 can adjust interference in different directions, and the effect is better.
  • a damper 5 is installed on the bottom surface 115 of the rear wheel disk 11, and the damper 5 on the rear wheel disk 1 is provided with four first springs 52, and the four first springs 52 are first damping sliders 51. As the center, the first damping slider 51 is arranged in a crisscross pattern.
  • the number and installation position of the dampers 5 can be determined according to actual conditions.
  • the following is to derive and solve how to select the first spring 52 with a suitable elastic force coefficient for the damper 5.
  • This equation is the vibration equation of the system, which is the displacement
  • ⁇ n is the natural frequency of the system
  • ⁇ is the damping ratio
  • An internal damper 6 is installed between the rear wheel 11 and the motor 2.
  • the internal damper 6 stabilizes the operation of the wind blade 13, prevents the vibration of the wind blade 13 from causing negative interference to the motor 2 and reduces motor noise.
  • the internal damper 6 includes a second housing 63, a second damping slider 61 and a number of second springs 62.
  • One end of the second housing 64 is connected to the inner surface 116 of the rear wheel disc 11, and the other end of the second housing 63 Connected to the outer side surface 24 of the motor 2, the second housing 64 is provided with a second cavity 64, the second damping slider 61 is located in the middle of the second cavity 64, and one end of the second spring 62 is connected to the second damping slider 61 Connected, the other end of the second spring 62 is connected to the side wall 65 of the second cavity 64.
  • the internal damper 6 is provided with four second springs 62, and the four second springs 62 are arranged in a crisscross pattern around the second damping slider 61.

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Abstract

一种离心风机，包括离心风轮（1）和电机（2），所述离心风轮（1）包括环状的后轮盘（11）、前轮盘（12）和若干风叶（13），后轮盘（11）中心设有用于安装电机（2）的中心孔（110），前轮盘（12）的中心设有第一进风口（120），后轮盘（11）和前轮盘（12）之间安装若干风叶（13），相邻两风叶（13）之间形成第一风道（130），在第一风道（130）的外边缘形成第一出风口（131），所述电机（2）安装在中心孔（110）里并与后轮盘（11）连接，所述后轮盘（11）或/和前轮盘（12）上安装有若干个阻尼器（5），当离心风轮（1）运转时，阻尼器（5）使离心风轮（1）达到一个动态的平衡状态，有利于耗散离心风轮（1）在积灰、动不平衡、反气动力的作用下产生的不允许振动能量；当离心风轮（1）发生共振时，阻尼器（5）可大量耗散离心风轮（1）的振动能量，减小振动噪声，避免离心风轮（1）发生破坏；使离心风轮（1）运转更稳定。

Description

一种离心风机 技术领域：
本实用新型涉及一种离心风机。
背景技术：
现有的通风机、空调以及电子散热产品中的风扇多使用后向式离心风机，后向式离心风机包括叶轮，叶轮由于材质不均匀、或毛坯缺陷、加工及装配中产生的误差，甚至设计时就具有非对称的几何形状等各种因素，使叶轮各个微段的质心不可能严格处于旋转轴上，而在叶轮旋转时，多个微小质点产生的离心惯性力不能相互抵消从而产生横向干扰。为减小横向干扰对风机造成的不利因素，设计人员多对叶轮进行工艺平衡法，即将叶轮安装在转子动平衡机上进行动平衡校正，以减小叶轮旋转时的横向干扰；最后将动平衡过的叶轮与电机重新装配。另外，在工程实际应用中，叶轮通常和其他部件一起组合来发挥作用，如安装在腔体中、蜗壳中、滤网结构中等。在叶轮运转中，流入叶轮的气体以及从叶轮中流出的气体与这些部件有持续性地或周期性地冲击，同时气体也会对叶轮有一个反向地冲击力，这些冲击产生的频率与叶轮及其支承系统的固有频率一致时引起系统强烈振动，即共振现象；为了避免叶轮在运转过程中产生的共振现象给叶轮带来破坏，工程上会测试出风机发生共振时的临界转速，通过调试程序或者人为设置，避免风机在临界转速处运行，并且使风机快速经过临界转速。
但动平衡机本身转速有限，叶轮采用工艺平衡后也无法有效地防止叶轮在高速下发生变形而造成的不平衡。叶轮在做动平衡时的支承条件与实际工作条件下的支承条件不同，叶轮同平衡装置间的配合与叶轮实际工作条件的配合条件也不同，即使已在动平衡机上达到高精度平衡的状态，经过运输、再装配等过程，平衡精度在使用前难免有所下降，当处于工作转速时，仍可能产生不允许的振动。而叶轮在运转过程中由于积灰等原因会 改变叶轮的动平衡状态，可能使叶轮在工作转速时产生不允许的振动，同时这将改变叶轮达到共振频率时的临界转速；当叶轮刚好在新的临界转速工作时，叶轮将会产生共振现象。对于安装在腔体、蜗壳、滤网等结构中的叶轮，仅将叶轮安装在动平衡机上进行动平衡，而没有考虑腔体、蜗壳、滤网等结构对气体产生的反气动力对叶轮本身的影响，那么叶轮实际运行时，是附加这部分反气动力后在运行，这部分反气动力可能会破坏叶轮原本的动平衡，同样会使叶轮产生不允许的振动，同时改变叶轮的激振频率，增大了叶轮运行过程中发生共振现象的可能。
另外，现有的离心风机还存在以下结构问题：电机与后轮盘之间容易产生分离涡现象，导致风机的工作效率低，耗电高，不符合节能环保要求；外转子电机与后轮盘之间容易产生分离涡现象，容易引起压力脉动会产生噪音，不符合市场对低噪的要求；导流罩的体积太大，缩小了叶轮内部的风道体积，叶轮内部在散热通孔旁容易产生漩涡区，影响风道内的气体流畅性。
发明内容：
本实用新型的目的是提供一种离心风机，解决现有技术中叶轮在运行时因各种不良因素导致动平衡被破坏而发生振动技术问题。
本实用新型的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的。
本实用新型的目的是提供一种带导流装置的后向离心风机。
一种离心风机，包括离心风轮和电机，所述离心风轮包括环状的后轮盘、前轮盘和若干风叶，后轮盘中心设有用于安装电机的中心孔，前轮盘的中心设有第一进风口，后轮盘和前轮盘之间安装若干风叶，相邻两风叶之间形成第一风道，在第一风道的外边缘形成第一出风口，所述电机安装在中心孔里并与后轮盘连接，其特征在于：所述后轮盘或/和前轮盘上安装有若干个阻尼器。
所述阻尼器安装在后轮盘的底面或/和前轮盘的顶面，后轮盘的底面与前轮盘的顶面不处于第一风道内。
所述阻尼器包括第一壳体、第一阻尼滑块和若干第一弹簧，第一壳体内设有第一空腔，第一阻尼滑块位于第一空腔内，第一弹簧的一端与第一阻尼滑块连接，第一弹簧的另一端与第一空腔的内壁连接。
所述前轮盘的顶面安装有至少一个所述阻尼器，前轮盘上的阻尼器内设有两个第一弹簧，两个第一弹簧对称的设置在第一阻尼滑块两侧。
所述阻尼器内的两个第一弹簧径向分布或周向分布。
所述前轮盘的顶面安装有两个所述阻尼器，两个阻尼器的第一弹簧相互垂直设置。
所述后轮盘的底面安装有一个所述阻尼器，后轮盘上的阻尼器内设有四个第一弹簧，四个第一弹簧以第一阻尼滑块为中心，十字交叉的设置在第一阻尼滑块的四周。
所述后轮盘与电机之间安装有内部阻尼器。
所述内部阻尼器包括第二壳体、第二阻尼滑块和若干第二弹簧，第二壳体一端与后轮盘的内表面连接，第二壳体另一端与电机的外侧面连接，第二壳体内设有第二空腔，第二阻尼滑块位于第二空腔中部，第二弹簧的一端与第二阻尼滑块连接，第二弹簧的另一端与第二空腔的侧壁连接。
所述内部阻尼器内设有四个第二弹簧，四个第二弹簧十字交叉的设置在第二阻尼滑块的四周。
所述的电机是外转子电机，所述电机外围罩有导流装置，导流装置支承安装在后轮盘上。
所述导流装置是一环形锥盘，所述环形锥盘中间开设有套筒部，环形锥盘通过套筒部套装在电机的外围，所述环形锥盘的底面上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔。
所述配重孔沿圆周均布设置在环形锥盘的底面。
所述配重孔沿圆周不均布设置在环形锥盘的底面。
所述环形锥盘的直径H1小于进风口的直径H2。
所述环形锥盘的底面上设有若干第一安装孔，后轮盘上设有若干第二安装孔，通过连接件穿过第一安装孔和第二安装孔，将环形锥盘固定在后轮盘上，所述环形锥盘的顶面是第一弧形导流面。
所述导流装置包括若干叶片本体和导流罩，所述叶片本体安装在后轮盘上且圆周向分布在电机外围，所述导流罩安装在叶片本体上，相邻的两叶片本体之间形成第二风道，所述导流罩的内边缘与电机的外边缘之间形成第二进风口，所述导流罩的外边缘与后轮盘之间形成第二出风口。
所述第二风道与第一风道是连通的。
所述叶片本体的底部上设有第三安装孔，后轮盘上设有第四安装孔，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔和第三安装孔，将叶片本体固定在后轮盘上。
所述导流罩的端面是第二弧形导流面。
所述导流装置还包括底板，所述底板安装在叶片本体和后轮盘之间，所述底板上设有第五安装孔，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔、第五安装孔和第三安装孔，将叶片本体和底板固定在后轮盘上，底板的底面上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔。
所述导流装置包括外罩体和内筒体，外罩体的表面设有第三弧形导流面，外罩体的顶部和内筒体的顶部连接，内筒体套装在电机外。
所述前轮盘的内表面设有弧形面，弧形面与第三弧形导流面的曲率方向相同。
所述内筒体内侧壁凸出有若干定位卡柱，定位卡柱抵在电机外侧面上。
所述导流装置还包括外筒体，外筒体设置在内筒体外，外筒体顶部与外罩体的中部连接，外筒体抵在后轮盘上。
所述外筒体设有若干安装螺孔，后轮盘在第五安装孔外围设有若干固定孔，固定孔与安装螺孔对应设置，固定孔与安装。
本实用新型与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)本实用新型包括离心风轮和电机，所述离心风轮包括环状的后轮盘、前 轮盘和若干风叶，后轮盘中心设有用于安装电机的中心孔，前轮盘的中心设有第一进风口，后轮盘和前轮盘之间安装若干风叶，相邻两风叶之间形成第一风道，在第一风道的外边缘形成第一出风口，所述电机安装在中心孔里并与后轮盘连接，其特征在于：所述后轮盘或/和前轮盘上安装有若干个阻尼器，当叶轮运转时，阻尼器使叶轮达到一个动态的平衡状态，有利于耗散叶轮在积灰、动不平衡、反气动力的作用下产生的不允许振动能量；当叶轮发生共振时，阻尼器可大量耗散叶轮的振动能量，减小振动噪声，避免叶轮发生破坏；使叶轮运转更稳定；
2)其它优点在具体实施例中作详细说明。
附图说明：
图1是本实用新型实施例一中离心风轮结构示意图；
图2是本实用新型实施例一的立体图；
图3是本实用新型实施例一的局部结构分解图；
图4是本实用新型实施例一的另一角度局部结构分解图；
图5是图4中A的局部放大图；
图6是本实用新型实施例一的俯视图；
图7是图6中B-B的剖视图；
图8是本实用新型实施例一中环形锥盘的结构示意图；
图9是本实用新型实施例二的立体图；
图10是本实用新型实施例二的俯视图；
图11是图10中D-D的剖视图；
图12是本实用新型实施例三的结构示意图；
图13是图12中E的局部放大图；
图14是本实用新型实施例四的结构示意图；
图15是本实用新型实施例四的爆炸图；
图16是本实用新型实施例四的剖视图；
图17是图16的F处放大图；
图18是本实用新型实施例四中导流装置的结构示意图；
图19是本实用新型实施例四中导流装置另一角度的结构示意图；
图20是本实用新型实施例四中导流装置的剖示图；
图21是本实用新型实施例五中安装阻尼器的离心风轮结构示意图；
图22是本实用新型实施例五中安装阻尼器的离心风轮另一角度的结构示意图；
图23是本实用新型实施例五中安装阻尼器的离心风轮的局部分解图；
图24是本实用新型实施例五中安装阻尼器的离心风轮另一结构示意图；
图25是本实用新型实施例五中安装阻尼器的离心风轮局部结构；
图26是图25的C处放大图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1至图8所示，一种离心风机，包括离心风轮1和电机2，所述离心风轮1包括环状的后轮盘11、前轮盘12和若干风叶13，后轮盘11中心设有用于安装电机2的中心孔110，前轮盘12的中心设有第一进风口120，后轮盘11和前轮盘12之间安装若干风叶13，相邻两风叶13之间形成第一风道130，在第一风道130的外边缘形成第一出风口131，所述电机2安装在中心孔110里并与后轮盘11连接，其特征在于：所述的电机2是外转子电机，所述电机2外围罩有导流装置3，导流装置3支承安装在后轮盘11上，通过导流装置3有效避免电机与后轮盘之间容易产生分离涡现象，提高风机工作效率，降低功率，还能满足市场环保要求。
所述导流装置3是一环形锥盘31，所述环形锥盘31中间开设有套筒部310，环形锥盘31通过套筒部310套装在电机2的外围，所述环形锥盘31的底面311上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔312，通过增加配重件以调节后轮盘的平衡， 以实现高速运转的稳定性，降低风机的噪音。
所述配重孔312沿圆周均布设置在环形锥盘31的底面311，结构简单，便于解决风机稳定性，结构简单，便于解决风机稳定性。
所述配重孔312沿圆周不均布设置在环形锥盘31的底面311，结构简单，便于解决风机稳定性。
所述环形锥盘31的直径H1小于进风口120的直径H2，有助于提升风机运行效率。
所述环形锥盘31的底面311上设有若干第一安装孔313，后轮盘11上设有若干第二安装孔111，通过连接件穿过第一安装孔313和第二安装孔111，将环形锥盘31固定在后轮盘11上，所述环形锥盘31的顶面是第一弧形导流面314，所述连接件是螺钉，安装结构简单，便于气流导流，防止电机与后轮盘之间产生涡流现象。
实施例二：
如图9至11所示，本实施是在实施例一基础上进一步改进，所述导流装置3包括若干叶片本体32和导流罩33，所述叶片本体32安装在后轮盘11上且圆周向分布在电机2外围，所述导流罩33安装在叶片本体32上，相邻的两叶片本体32之间形成第二风道320，所述导流罩33的内边缘331与电机2的外边缘21之间形成第二进风口330，所述导流罩33的外边缘332与后轮盘11之间形成第二出风口333，当气流从第二进风口330进入到电机与后轮盘形成的90度夹角中受到若干风叶13形成离心风力将气流径向导流出风轮，有效避免涡流现象，提高风机工作效率，还有利于提高电机散热，提高电机运行效率。
所述第二风道320与第一风道130是连通的。
所述叶片本体32的底部上设有第三安装孔321，后轮盘11上设有第四安装孔112，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔112和第三安装孔321，将固定在后轮盘11上，，所述连接件是螺钉，安装结构简单。
所述导流罩33的端面是第二弧形导流面334，便于气流导流，可以有效降低气流对离心风轮1的冲击，提高风机稳定性。
实施例三：
如图12和图13所示，本实施例是根据实施例二的基础上改进，所述导流装置3还包括底板34，所述底板34安装在叶片本体32和后轮盘11之间，所述底板34上设有第五安装孔341，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔112、第五安装孔341和第三安装孔321，将叶片本体32和底板34固定在后轮盘11上，底板34的底面342上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔312，通过增加配重件以调节后轮盘11的平衡，以实现高速运转的稳定性，降低风机的噪音。
实施例四：
如图14至图20所示，本实施是在实施例一基础上进一步改进，所述导流装置3包括外罩体35和内筒体36，外罩体35的表面设有第三弧形导流面351，外罩体35的顶部和内筒体36的顶部连接，内筒体36套装在电机2外，导流装置3占用风叶13内部的体积小，改善了叶轮内部流道的面积分布，使气体在第一风道130内顺畅流动，提升叶轮的气动性能；电机2部分露在导流装置3外，散热效果好；减小了气动噪音。
所述前轮盘12的内表面设有弧形面121，弧形面121与第三弧形导流面351的曲率方向相同，使风叶13内部的流道更平滑顺畅。
所述内筒体36内侧壁凸出有若干定位卡柱361，定位卡柱361抵在电机2外侧面上，安装方便，结合牢固。
所述导流装置3还包括外筒体37，外筒体37设置在内筒体36外，外筒体37顶部与外罩体35的中部连接，外筒体37抵在后轮盘11上，导流装置3结构简单，安装方便，生产成本低。
所述外筒体37设有若干安装螺孔371，后轮盘11在第五安装孔113外围设 有若干固定孔114，固定孔114与安装螺孔371对应设置，固定孔114与安装螺孔371内设有安装螺丝，导流装置3通过安装螺丝固定在后轮盘11上，安装简便。
所述外筒体37、内筒体36及外罩体35之间设有加强筋38，加强筋38加强了导流装置3的强度。
所述后轮盘11内侧向前轮盘12的相反方向凹设有安装凹槽10，安装凹槽位于后轮盘11中间且所述第五安装孔113和固定孔114位于安装凹槽10内，所述电机2安装在安装凹槽10内，安装凹槽10降低了电机2及导流装置3的安装高度，进一步保证了风叶13内部的气体顺畅流动。
所述电机2包括电机本体22和电机控制器23，电机本体22安装在若干风叶13内，电机控制器23位于若干风叶13外，结构合理。
实施例五：
如图21至图26所示，本实施是一种离心风机，包括离心风轮1和电机2，所述离心风轮1包括环状的后轮盘11、前轮盘12和若干风叶13，后轮盘11中心设有用于安装电机2的中心孔110，前轮盘12的中心设有第一进风口120，后轮盘11和前轮盘12之间安装若干风叶13，相邻两风叶13之间形成第一风道130，在第一风道130的外边缘形成第一出风口131，所述电机2安装在中心孔110里并与后轮盘11连接，其特征在于：所述后轮盘11或/和前轮盘12上安装有若干个阻尼器5,当离心风轮运转时，阻尼器5使离心风轮达到一个动态的平衡状态，有利于耗散离心风轮在积灰、动不平衡、反气动力的作用下产生的不允许振动能量；当离心风轮发生共振时，阻尼器5可大量耗散离心风轮的振动能量，减小振动噪声，避免离心风轮发生破坏；使离心风轮运转更稳定。
所述阻尼器5安装在后轮盘11的底面115或/和前轮盘12的顶面122，后轮盘11的底面115与前轮盘12的顶面122不处于第一风道130内，对叶轮内部的气体不产生负面影响。
所述阻尼器5包括第一壳体53、第一阻尼滑块51和若干第一弹簧52，第一壳体53内设有第一空腔54，第一阻尼滑块51位于第一空腔54内，第一弹簧52的一端与第一阻尼滑块51连接，第一弹簧52的另一端与第一空腔54的内壁55连接，阻尼器5结构简单，安装方便。
所述前轮盘12的顶面122安装有至少一个所述阻尼器5，前轮盘12上的阻尼器5内设有两个第一弹簧52，两个第一弹簧52对称的设置在第一阻尼滑块51两侧。
所述阻尼器5内的两个第一弹簧52径向分布或周向分布，可根据实际情况安装阻尼器，灵活方便。
所述前轮盘12的顶面122安装有两个所述阻尼器5，两个阻尼器5的第一弹簧52相互垂直设置，两个阻尼器5能调节不同方向的干扰，效果更好。
所述后轮盘11的底面115安装有一个所述阻尼器5，后轮盘1上的阻尼器5内设有四个第一弹簧52，四个第一弹簧52以第一阻尼滑块51为中心，十字交叉的设置在第一阻尼滑块51的四周。
阻尼器5的数量及安装位置可根据实际情况决定。
下面对阻尼器5如何选择有合适的弹力系数的第一弹簧52进行推导与求解。
工程中应用最广泛的阻尼模型：一般是一个与振动速度大小成正比，与振动速度相反的力，该模型称为粘性阻尼模型。可表示为以下式子：
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000001
其中
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000002
表示阻尼力，
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000003
表示振子的运动速度，c表示阻尼大小的常数，称为阻尼系数，国际单位为N*m/s。
理想的弹簧阻尼器振子系统，其受力满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000004
其中
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000005
表示弹性力，κ为弹簧的进度系数，
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000006
为振子偏离平衡位置的位移。
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000007
假设振子不再受其他外力作用，利用牛顿第二定律：
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000008
其中
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000009
为加速度。
那么有：
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000010
该方程为系统振动方程，是位移
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000011
关于时间t的二阶常微分方程。
将方程改为下面的形式：
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000012
然后求解方程，得到如下两个新参量
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019104620-appb-000014
其中ω n为系统的固有频率，ζ为阻尼比。
激励系统使其处在共振状态，记录共振状态时的共振频率ω n，选择质量为m的滑块，带入上式，计算得出κ，即可选择对应弹力系数的弹簧。
所述后轮盘11与电机2之间安装有内部阻尼器6，内部阻尼器6使风叶13运行稳定，避免风叶13的振动对电机2产生负面干扰，减小电机噪音。
所述内部阻尼器6包括第二壳体63、第二阻尼滑块61和若干第二弹簧62，第二壳体64一端与后轮盘11的内表面116连接，第二壳体63另一端与电机2的外侧面24连接，第二壳体64内设有第二空腔64，第二阻尼滑块61位于第二空腔64中部，第二弹簧62的一端与第二阻尼滑块61连接，第二弹簧62的另一端与第二空腔64的侧壁65连接。
所述内部阻尼器6内设有四个第二弹簧62，四个第二弹簧62十字交叉的设置在第二阻尼滑块61的四周。
以上实施例为本实用新型的较佳实施方式，但本实用新型的实施方式不限于此，其他任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均为等效的置换方式，都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种离心风机，包括离心风轮(1)和电机(2)，所述离心风轮(1)包括环状的后轮盘(11)、前轮盘(12)和若干风叶(13)，后轮盘(11)中心设有用于安装电机(2)的中心孔(110)，前轮盘(12)的中心设有第一进风口(120)，后轮盘(11)和前轮盘(12)之间安装若干风叶(13)，相邻两风叶(13)之间形成第一风道(130)，在第一风道(130)的外边缘形成第一出风口(131)，所述电机(2)安装在中心孔(110)里并与后轮盘(11)连接，其特征在于：所述后轮盘(11)或/和前轮盘(12)上安装有若干个阻尼器(5)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述阻尼器(5)安装在后轮盘(11)的底面(115)或/和前轮盘(12)的顶面(122)，后轮盘(11)的底面(115)与前轮盘(12)的顶面(122)不处于第一风道(130)内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述阻尼器(5)包括第一壳体(53)、第一阻尼滑块(51)和若干第一弹簧(52)，第一壳体(53)内设有第一空腔(54)，第一阻尼滑块(51)位于第一空腔(54)内，第一弹簧(52)的一端与第一阻尼滑块(51)连接，第一弹簧(52)的另一端与第一空腔(54)的内壁(55)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述前轮盘(12)的顶面(122)安装有至少一个所述阻尼器(5)，前轮盘(2)上的阻尼器(5)内设有两个第一弹簧(52)，两个第一弹簧(52)对称的设置在第一阻尼滑块(51)两侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述阻尼器(5)内的两个第一弹簧(52)径向分布或周向分布。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种叶轮，其特征在于：所述前轮盘(12)的顶面(123)安装有两个所述阻尼器(5)，两个阻尼器(5)的第一弹簧(52)相互垂直设置。
  7. 根据权利要求3至5中任意一项所述的离心风机，其特征在于：所述后 轮盘(11)的底面(115)安装有一个所述阻尼器(5)，后轮盘(1)上的阻尼器(5)内设有四个第一弹簧(52)，四个第一弹簧(52)以第一阻尼滑块(51)为中心，十字交叉的设置在第一阻尼滑块(51)的四周。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述后轮盘(11)与电机(2)之间安装有内部阻尼器(6)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述内部阻尼器(6)包括第二壳体(63)、第二阻尼滑块(61)和若干第二弹簧(62)，第二壳体(64)一端与后轮盘(11)的内表面(116)连接，第二壳体(63)另一端与电机(2)的外侧面(24)连接，第二壳体(64)内设有第二空腔(64)，第二阻尼滑块(61)位于第二空腔(64)中部，第二弹簧(62)的一端与第二阻尼滑块(61)连接，第二弹簧(62)的另一端与第二空腔(64)的侧壁(65)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述内部阻尼器(6)内设有四个第二弹簧(62)，四个第二弹簧(62)十字交叉的设置在第二阻尼滑块(61)的四周。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述的电机(2)是外转子电机，所述电机(2)外围罩有导流装置(3)，导流装置(3)支承安装在后轮盘(11)上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(3)是一环形锥盘(31)，所述环形锥盘(31)中间开设有套筒部(310)，环形锥盘(31)通过套筒部(310)套装在电机(2)的外围，所述环形锥盘(31)的底面(311)上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔(312)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述配重孔(312)沿圆周均布设置在环形锥盘(31)的底面(311)。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述配重孔(312)沿圆周不均布设置在环形锥盘(31)的底面(311)。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13或14所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述 环形锥盘(31)的直径H1小于进风口(120)的直径H2。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述环形锥盘(31)的底面(311)上设有若干第一安装孔(313)，后轮盘(11)上设有若干第二安装孔(111)，通过连接件穿过第一安装孔(313)和第二安装孔(111)，将环形锥盘(31)固定在后轮盘(11)上，所述环形锥盘(31)的顶面是第一弧形导流面(314)。
  17. 根据权利要求11所说的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(3)包括若干叶片本体(32)和导流罩(33)，所述叶片本体(32)安装在后轮盘(11)上且圆周向分布在电机(2)外围，所述导流罩(33)安装在叶片本体(32)上，相邻的两叶片本体(32)之间形成第二风道(320)，所述导流罩(33)的内边缘(331)与电机(2)的外边缘(21)之间形成第二进风口(330)，所述导流罩(33)的外边缘(332)与后轮盘(11)之间形成第二出风口(333)。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述第二风道(320)与第一风道(130)是连通的。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述叶片本体(32)的底部上设有第三安装孔(321)，后轮盘(11)上设有第四安装孔(112)，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔(112)和第三安装孔(321)，将叶片本体(32)固定在后轮盘(11)上。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流罩(33)的端面是第二弧形导流面(334)。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(3)还包括底板(34)，所述底板(34)安装在叶片本体(32)和后轮盘(11)之间，所述底板(34)上设有第五安装孔(341)，通过连接件穿过第四安装孔(112)、第五安装孔(341)和第三安装孔(321)，将叶片本体(32)和底板(34)固定在后轮盘(11)上，底板(34)的底面(342)上设有若干可放置配重件的配重孔(312)。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(3)包括外罩体(35)和内筒体(36)，外罩体(35)的表面设有第三弧形导流面(351)，外罩体(35)的顶部和内筒体(36)的顶部连接，内筒体(36)套装在电机(2)外。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述前轮盘(12)的内表面设有弧形面(121)，弧形面(121)与第三弧形导流面(351)的曲率方向相同。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述内筒体(36)内侧壁凸出有若干定位卡柱(361)，定位卡柱(361)抵在电机(2)外侧面上。
  25. 根据权利要求22或23或24所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(3)还包括外筒体(37)，外筒体(37)设置在内筒体(36)外，外筒体(37)顶部与外罩体(35)的中部连接，外筒体(37)抵在后轮盘(11)上。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述外筒体(37)设有若干安装螺孔(371)，后轮盘(11)在第五安装孔(113)外围设有若干固定孔(114)，固定孔(114)与安装螺孔(371)对应设置，固定孔(114)与安装螺孔(371)内设有安装螺丝，导流装置(3)通过安装螺丝固定在后轮盘(11)上。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述外筒体(37)、内筒体(36)及外罩体(35)之间设有加强筋(38)。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的一种离心风机，其特征在于：所述后轮盘(11)内侧向前轮盘(12)的相反方向凹设有安装凹槽(10)，安装凹槽位于后轮盘(11)中间且所述第五安装孔(113)和固定孔(114)位于安装凹槽(10)内，所述电机(2)安装在安装凹槽(10)内。
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