WO2020184369A1 - ピロメテン金属錯体、ピロメテン化合物、発光素子材料、発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 - Google Patents
ピロメテン金属錯体、ピロメテン化合物、発光素子材料、発光素子、表示装置および照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020184369A1 WO2020184369A1 PCT/JP2020/009363 JP2020009363W WO2020184369A1 WO 2020184369 A1 WO2020184369 A1 WO 2020184369A1 JP 2020009363 W JP2020009363 W JP 2020009363W WO 2020184369 A1 WO2020184369 A1 WO 2020184369A1
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- 0 CCC(C(*)=C(*1*2I)*=C3*2=C(*)C(*)=C3*)=C1/C1=C(\C*I)/CCCCCC1 Chemical compound CCC(C(*)=C(*1*2I)*=C3*2=C(*)C(*)=C3*)=C1/C1=C(\C*I)/CCCCCC1 0.000 description 7
- RJQLURPSADRCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1C(C(C(CC1=C2CCCc3ccccc13)[SH-]1(F)F)=C2c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)=C(C(c2cccc3c2cccc3)=C2CCC3)[N+]1=C2c1c3cccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1C(C(C(CC1=C2CCCc3ccccc13)[SH-]1(F)F)=C2c2c(cccc3)c3ccc2)=C(C(c2cccc3c2cccc3)=C2CCC3)[N+]1=C2c1c3cccc1 RJQLURPSADRCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZBMWWMIQGZGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-[n]1c(-c(cc2)ccc2-c(cc2)cc3c2c(-c2cc4ccccc4cc2)c(cccc2)c2c3-c2cc3ccccc3cc2)nc2c1cccc2 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-[n]1c(-c(cc2)ccc2-c(cc2)cc3c2c(-c2cc4ccccc4cc2)c(cccc2)c2c3-c2cc3ccccc3cc2)nc2c1cccc2 VOZBMWWMIQGZGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyrromethene metal complex, a pyrromethene compound, a light emitting element material, a light emitting element, a display device, and a lighting device.
- the organic thin film light emitting element that emits light by recombining the electrons injected from the cathode and the holes injected from the anode in the light emitting layer sandwiched between the two electrodes is thin, low driving voltage, high brightness light emission, and a light emitting material. It has the feature that multicolor emission is possible by selecting.
- red emission is being researched as a useful emission color.
- perylene-based materials such as bis (diisopropylphenyl) perylene, perylene-based, tetracene-based, porphyrin-based, and Eu complex (Chem. Lett., 1267 (1991)) are known as red light emitting materials.
- a method for obtaining red light emission a method of mixing a small amount of red fluorescent material as a dopant in the host material is also being studied.
- the dopant material those containing a pyrromethene metal complex exhibiting high-luminance emission can be mentioned (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a compound in which a fused ring structure is introduced into a pyrromethene skeleton in order to obtain a sharp emission spectrum is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- a light emitting device containing a TADF (Thermally Activated Fluorescence) material and a pyrromethene compound has been studied (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- the color gamut is represented by a triangle connecting the coordinates of the vertices indicating the emission of red, green, and blue in the xy chromaticity diagram.
- Chromaticity is determined by the combination of emission peak wavelength and color purity.
- the color purity is determined by the width of the emission spectrum, and the narrower the width and the closer to monochromatic light, the higher the color purity. Increasing the color purity is particularly important for widening the color gamut, and a light emitting material having a sharp emission spectrum is strongly demanded.
- the organic thin film light emitting element is desired to have high luminous efficiency from the viewpoint of improving brightness and power saving. Especially in mobile display devices whose use has been expanding in recent years, power saving has become a particularly important issue.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a red light emitting material and a light emitting element having high luminous efficiency and color purity and easy color design so as to obtain an appropriate chromaticity. is there.
- the present invention is a pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- R 1 to R 5 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be the same or different, respectively, and are selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycle.
- Y 1 is a crosslinked structure in which three or more atoms are bonded in series, and the atom is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silicon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted. It is selected from the substituted phosphorus atom, oxygen atom, and sulfur atom. In addition, these atoms may form double bonds with adjacent atoms.
- Z 1 is a crosslinked structure in which one or more atoms are bonded, and the atom is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silicon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted. It is selected from phosphorus atom, oxygen atom, and sulfur atom. In addition, these atoms may form double bonds with adjacent atoms.
- M represents an m-valent metal, and is at least one selected from boron, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, and platinum.
- L may be the same or different, and may be the same or different, and may be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl ether group, or an aryl thio ether group.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a red light emitting material and a light emitting element which have high luminous efficiency and color purity and are easy to color design so as to have an appropriate chromaticity.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be variously modified and implemented according to an object and an application.
- the pyrromethene metal complex according to the present invention is represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- R 1 to R 5 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be the same or different, respectively, and are selected from a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring and a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycle.
- Y 1 is a crosslinked structure in which three or more atoms are bonded in series, and the atom is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silicon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted. It is selected from the substituted phosphorus atom, oxygen atom, and sulfur atom. In addition, these atoms may form double bonds with adjacent atoms.
- Z 1 is a crosslinked structure in which one or more atoms are bonded, and the atom is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silicon atom, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted. It is selected from phosphorus atom, oxygen atom, and sulfur atom. In addition, these atoms may form double bonds with adjacent atoms.
- M represents an m-valent metal, and is at least one selected from boron, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, and platinum.
- L may be the same or different, respectively, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl ether group, aryl thio ether group, It is selected from aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, halogens, and cyano groups. These functional groups may further have a substituent.
- pyrromethene a part of the pyrromethene skeleton or the azapyromethene skeleton having a condensed ring structure and the ring structure being expanded is also referred to as "pyromethene”.
- hydrogen may be deuterium in all the groups. The same applies to the compounds described below or their partial structures.
- the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms is 6 to 40 including the carbon number contained in the substituent bonded to the aryl group, and defines the carbon number. The same applies to other substituents.
- the substituents in the case of substitution include alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, heterocyclic groups, alkenyl groups, cycloalkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, hydroxyl groups and thiols.
- the alkyl group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group, which are substituents. It may or may not have.
- the additional substituent when substituted is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, a halogen, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group, and this point is also common to the following description.
- Alkylation groups substituted with halogens are also referred to as haloalkyl groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less from the viewpoint of availability and cost.
- the cycloalkyl group indicates, for example, a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, and an adamantyl group, which may or may not have a substituent.
- Halogen-substituted cycloalkyl groups are also referred to as cyclohaloalkyl groups.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group moiety is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 3 or more and 20 or less.
- the heterocyclic group refers to an aliphatic ring having an atom other than carbon such as a pyran ring, a piperidine ring, and a cyclic amide in the ring, which may or may not have a substituent. ..
- the number of carbon atoms of the heterocyclic group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 2 or more and 20 or less.
- the alkenyl group refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a double bond such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, or a butadienyl group, which may or may not have a substituent.
- the carbon number of the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 2 or more and 20 or less.
- the cycloalkenyl group refers to an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group containing a double bond such as a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, etc., which may have a substituent. You don't have to.
- the alkynyl group refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a triple bond such as an ethynyl group, which may or may not have a substituent.
- the carbon number of the alkynyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 2 or more and 20 or less.
- the aryl group is, for example, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthrasenyl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a benzoanthrase.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group such as an Nyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a benzofluoranthenyl group, a dibenzoanthrasenyl group, a perylenel group and a helisenyl group.
- a phenyl group a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group and a triphenylenyl group are preferable.
- the aryl group may or may not have a substituent.
- Aryl groups substituted with halogens are also referred to as haloaryl groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 6 or more and 40 or less, and more preferably 6 or more and 30 or less.
- the substituents may form a ring structure with each other.
- the resulting group has a "substituted phenyl group", an "aryl group having a structure in which two or more rings are fused", and a “structure in which two or more rings are fused", depending on the structure. It may correspond to any one or more of "heteroaryl groups having".
- Heteroaryl groups include, for example, pyridyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrariainyl group, triazinyl group, naphthyldinyl group, cinnolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, Benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, indolyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, carbazolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, carborinyl group, indolocarbazolyl group, benzoflocarbazolyl group, benzothienocarba Other than carbon, such as zoryl group, dihydroindenocarbazolyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, acridinyl group,
- the naphthyldinyl group is any of 1,5-naphthylidineyl group, 1,6-naphthylidineyl group, 1,7-naphthylidineyl group, 1,8-naphthylidineyl group, 2,6-naphthylidineyl group and 2,7-naphthylidineyl group. Indicates.
- the heteroaryl group may or may not have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the heteroaryl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 2 or more and 40 or less, and more preferably 2 or more and 30 or less.
- the alkoxy group refers to a functional group to which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group is bonded via an ether bond such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group, and even if the aliphatic hydrocarbon group has a substituent. You do not have to have it.
- Alkoxy groups substituted with halogens are also referred to as haloalkoxy groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- the alkylthio group is one in which the oxygen atom of the ether bond of the alkoxy group is replaced with a sulfur atom.
- the hydrocarbon group of the alkylthio group may or may not have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylthio group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- the aryl ether group refers to a functional group in which an aromatic hydrocarbon group is bonded via an ether bond, for example, a phenoxy group, and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent. Good.
- Aryl ether groups substituted with halogens are also referred to as haloaryl ether groups.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl ether group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 6 or more and 40 or less.
- the arylthio ether group is one in which the oxygen atom of the ether bond of the aryl ether group is replaced with a sulfur atom.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group in the arylthioether group may or may not have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the arylthioether group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 6 or more and 40 or less.
- Halogen refers to an atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the cyano group is a functional group whose structure is represented by -C ⁇ N. Here, it is the carbon atom that bonds with other functional groups.
- the acyl group is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group via a carbonyl group such as an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a benzoyl group or an acryryl group. It shows a functional group to which a group, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group are bonded, and these substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the acyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more and 40 or less, and more preferably 2 or more and 30 or less.
- the ester group means, for example, a functional group in which an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and the like are bonded via an ester bond, and these substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the ester group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- a methyl ester group such as a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethyl ester group such as an ethoxycarbonyl group, a propyl ester group such as a propoxycarbonyl group, a butyl ester group such as a butoxycarbonyl group, and an isopropyl such as an isopropoxymethoxycarbonyl group.
- examples thereof include an ester group, a hexyl ester group such as a hexyloxycarbonyl group, and a phenyl ester group such as a phenoxycarbonyl group.
- the amide group means, for example, a functional group in which an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and the like are bonded via an amide bond, and these substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the amide group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less. More specifically, a methylamide group, an ethylamide group, a propylamide group, a butylamide group, an isopropylamide group, a hexylamide group, a phenylamide group and the like can be mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms of the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- the sulfonic acid ester group means, for example, a functional group in which an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and the like are bonded via a sulfonic acid ester bond.
- these substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the sulfonic acid ester group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- the sulfonamide group refers to, for example, a functional group in which an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and the like are bonded via a sulfonamide bond.
- these substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the sulfonamide group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 20 or less.
- the amino group is a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- substituents in the case of substitution include an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a linear alkyl group and a branched alkyl group.
- aryl group and heteroaryl group a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group and a quinolinyl group are preferable. These substituents may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 or more and 50 or less, more preferably 6 or more and 40 or less, and particularly preferably 6 or more and 30 or less.
- the silyl group refers to a functional group to which a substituted or unsubstituted silicon atom is bonded, and is, for example, an alkylsilyl group such as a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, a propyldimethylsilyl group, or a vinyldimethylsilyl group.
- arylsilyl groups such as phenyldimethylsilyl group, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group and trinaphthylsilyl group.
- Substituents on silicon may be further substituted.
- the number of carbon atoms of the silyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 or more and 30 or less.
- the siroxanyl group refers to a silicon compound group via an ether bond such as a trimethylsiloxanyl group. Substituents on silicon may be further substituted.
- a boryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group.
- substituent in the case of substitution include an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, an aryl ether group, an alkoxy group and a hydroxyl group, and among them, an aryl group and an aryl ether group are preferable.
- R 60 R 61 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl ether group, It is selected from among ring structures between arylthioether groups, halogens, cyano groups, acyl groups, ester groups, amide groups and adjacent groups.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is a complex in which the pyrromethene compound is coordinated to the m-valent metal M.
- the valence m of the metal is not particularly limited as long as it is a valence that can be taken by each metal atom, but the value of m is preferably 2 to 4 and is 3 from the viewpoint of forming a stable coordination state. Is even more preferable.
- metal M is selected from the above, but M is boron from the viewpoint of luminescence characteristics such as chromaticity and luminous efficiency, thermal stability in sublimation purification and vapor deposition, device durability, and ease of synthesis. Is preferable.
- L indicates a ligand other than pyrromethene for the metal M.
- L is selected from the above, but is preferably an alkoxy group, an aryl ether group, a halogen, or a cyano group from the viewpoint of light emission characteristics and thermal stability. Further, from the viewpoint that the excited state is stable and a higher fluorescence quantum yield can be obtained, and the durability can be improved, a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing aryl group, and a cyano group can be obtained.
- a fluorine atom or a cyano group is further preferable, and a fluorine atom is most preferable.
- These are electron-attracting groups, which can reduce the electron density of the pyrromethene skeleton and increase the stability of the compound.
- each L may be the same or different, but they must be the same from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. Is preferable.
- the pyrromethene metal complex has a strong and highly flat skeleton, and therefore exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield. Further, since the peak half width of the emission spectrum is small, efficient emission and high color purity can be achieved.
- Ar 1 is the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle described above and is directly attached to the pyrromethene metal complex skeleton.
- the double bond represented as a part of Ar 1 in the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) represents a part of the aromatic ring, and the carbon atom directly bonded to the pyrromethene skeleton and the crosslinked structure Y. It indicates that the carbon atom to which 1 is bonded is adjacent.
- the introduction of the crosslinked structure limits the rotation and vibration of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle, which can suppress excessive structural relaxation of the pyrromethene metal complex in the excited state, resulting in a sharp emission spectrum. (The half width of the emission spectrum becomes smaller). When this is used as a light emitting material, light emission with good color purity can be obtained.
- the crosslinked structure is composed of one atom or two atoms in series
- the planarity of the pyrromethene metal complex skeleton and the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle becomes too high, so that the conjugation is widened. Therefore, the emission peak wavelength becomes excessively long, and it becomes difficult to achieve the target chromaticity.
- the pyromethene metal complex skeleton and the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or the aromatic heterocycle are fixed in a slightly twisted state. For this reason, Y 1 is a crosslinked structure in which three or more atoms are bonded in series.
- the number of atoms bonded to the series is preferably 5 or less, preferably further Y 1 is a cross-linked structure which three atoms are bonded in series.
- the atoms constituting Y 1 are as described above, but among these, from the viewpoint of thermal stability and ease of synthesis, among substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms. It is preferably selected, and more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom.
- Y 1 preferably has a structure represented by the general formula (5A) or the general formula (5B).
- R 11 to R 16 may be the same or different from each other, and are selected from the same functional group group and oxo group as R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- R 11 to R 16 are preferably selected from hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups and oxo groups.
- Z 1 in the general formula (2) is a crosslinked structure in the pyrromethene skeleton in which Y 1 is not a linked pyrrole ring but is linked between Ar 2 and another pyrrole ring.
- Ar 2 is the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle described above and is directly attached to the pyrromethene metal complex skeleton. Double bond shown as part of Ar 2 in the general formula (2), carbon represents a part of an aromatic ring, the cross-linked structure Z 1 and the carbon atom bonded directly to a pyrromethene skeleton are bonded It shows that the atoms are adjacent.
- Z 1 has a crosslinked structure in which one or more atoms are bonded, and it is preferable that 1 to 3 atoms are bonded in series from the viewpoint of color purity and ease of synthesis.
- the atoms constituting Z 1 are as described above, and among these, from the viewpoint of thermal stability and ease of synthesis, among substituted or unsubstituted carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms. It is preferably selected, and more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom.
- X is selected from CR 5 or N as described above.
- X is preferably CR 5 from the viewpoint that it is easy to control the chromaticity to be appropriate for red light emission.
- R 5 is selected from the above functional group group, but from the viewpoint of electrical stability or thermal stability, hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted. Substituted heteroaryl groups are preferred, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups are more preferred.
- a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group.
- Substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group are more preferable.
- R 5 is a group represented by the general formula (6).
- R 51 and R 52 may be the same or different, respectively, and are selected from the group of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, and are easy to produce. From this point of view, it is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group. On the other hand, it is preferable that at least one of R 51 and R 52 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group because the rotation suppressing effect is larger and it is advantageous for improving the fluorescence quantum yield.
- R 53 to R 55 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group.
- R 54 that affects the emission peak wavelength. If R 54 is an electron donating group, the emission peak wavelength shifts to the short wavelength side, and if it is an electron attracting group, the emission peak wavelength is a long wavelength.
- the electron donating group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a trill group, a naphthyl group, a furanyl group and a dibenzofuranyl group.
- the electron-attracting group include, but are not limited to, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyano group, a pyridyl group, and a pyrimidyl group.
- R 1 of the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) is a substituent that contributes to the stability and luminous efficiency of the pyrromethene metal complex compound.
- stability refers to electrical stability and thermal stability. Electrical stability means that the compound does not deteriorate such as decomposition when the element is continuously energized, and thermal stability means that the compound deteriorates due to heating processes such as sublimation purification and vapor deposition and the environmental temperature around the element. There is no such thing. Since the luminous efficiency decreases when the compound is altered, the stability of the compound is important for improving the durability of the light emitting device.
- Y 1 is trimethylene and R 1 is a hydrogen atom or halogen, the stability of the compound and the luminous efficiency are greatly reduced, so that the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention does not include such a case.
- R 1 is selected from the above functional group group, but from the viewpoint of compound stability, R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group. Is preferable. From the viewpoint of compound stability and luminous efficiency, R 1 is more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. Specific examples of R 1 include a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group.
- R 1 has an alkyl group or an aryl group as a substituent.
- substituents include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group and a phenyl group.
- R 2 in the general formula (1) and general formula (2) represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group Is preferable, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is more preferable.
- R 2 include a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group.
- R 2 preferably has an alkyl group or an aryl group as a substituent. Specific examples of the substituent include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group and a phenyl group.
- R 3 in the general formula (1) is preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group from the viewpoint of optical properties such as chromaticity or ease of synthesis.
- R 4 in the general formula (1) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- the ring structure formed between R 3 and R 4 is a single ring.
- these ring structures and pyrrole form a condensed aromatic ring.
- the fused aromatic ring include, but are not limited to, an indole ring, an isoindole ring, a pyrolopyrrole ring, a flopyrrole ring, and a thienopyrrole ring.
- the molecular weight of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is not particularly limited, but when it is used as a light emitting device material, it is preferably within a range that facilitates the vapor deposition process.
- the molecular weight of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is preferably 500 or more, and preferably 600 or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 700 or more.
- the molecular weight is preferably 1200 or less, and more preferably 1000 or less.
- the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention is preferably a pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (2) from the viewpoint of obtaining a sharper emission spectrum and further improving color purity and luminous efficiency.
- the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention is preferably a compound represented by any of the following general formulas (7A) to (7M), for example.
- R 21 to R 25 may be the same or different, and are selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group. These functional groups may further have a substituent. However, when R 101 to R 106 are all hydrogen atoms, R 21 is not a hydrogen atom.
- R 21 and R 23 are preferably substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups from the viewpoint of electrical stability or thermal stability.
- Substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups are more preferable.
- R 22 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, and is preferably substituted or unsubstituted.
- Aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups are more preferred.
- R 24 and R 25 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group from the viewpoint of optical properties such as chromaticity or ease of synthesis.
- R 31 to R 39 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol.
- These functional groups may further have a substituent. Further, these functional groups are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and an alkoxy group from the viewpoint of vapor deposition characteristics and light emission efficiency.
- R 101 to R 118 may be the same or different, respectively, and may be the same or different, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, thiol.
- These functional groups may further have a substituent. Also, between any two substituents selected from R 101 to R 106 , or between any two substituents selected from R 107 to R 112 , or between R 113 to R 116 .
- a ring structure may be formed between any two substituents selected from among them, or between R 117 and R 118 .
- R 201 to R 202 may be the same or different, respectively, and are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, and an aryl ether. It is selected from a group, an arylthioether group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a halogen, and a cyano group. These functional groups may further have a substituent.
- an alkoxy group, an aryl ether group, a halogen, and a cyano group are preferable from the viewpoint of light emission characteristics and thermal stability. Further, from the viewpoint that the excited state is stable and a higher fluorescence quantum yield can be obtained, and the durability can be improved, a fluorine atom, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing aryl group, and a cyano group can be obtained. Is more preferable, a fluorine atom or a cyano group is further preferable, and a fluorine atom is most preferable.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 may be the same or different, respectively, and are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon rings and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycles.
- Examples of the compound before complex formation of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) include the pyrromethene compound represented by the general formula (8) and the general formula (9), respectively.
- the general formula (8) and the general formula (9) are common to the general formula (1) and the general formula (2), respectively, except that they do not form a complex.
- the detailed description of X, R 1 to R 5 , Ar 1 to Ar 2 , Y 1 and Z 1 is the same as that in the general formulas (1) and (2).
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is J. Org. Chem., Vol.64, No. 21, pp.7813-7819 (1999), Angelw. Chem., Int. It can be manufactured by referring to the methods described in Ed. Engl., Vol.36, pp.1333-1335 (1997), Org. Lett., Vol.12, pp.296 (2010), etc.
- carbon is used by a coupling reaction between a halogenated derivative of the pyrromethene compound and a boronic acid or boronic acid ester derivative.
- a metal catalyst such as palladium
- carbon-nitrogen bond is used by using a coupling reaction between a halogenated derivative of the pyrromethene compound and an amine or carbazole derivative.
- the method is not limited to this.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is produced by reacting the above pyrromethene compound with a metal halide or the like.
- the obtained pyrromethene metal complex is subjected to organic synthetic purification such as recrystallization and column chromatography, and then the low boiling point component is removed by purification by heating under reduced pressure, which is generally called sublimation purification, to improve the purity. Is preferable.
- the heating temperature in the sublimation purification is not particularly limited, but is preferably 330 ° C. or lower, more preferably 300 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of preventing thermal decomposition of the pyrromethene metal complex. Further, from the viewpoint of facilitating the control of the vapor deposition rate during vapor deposition, 230 ° C. or higher is preferable, and 250 ° C. or higher is more preferable.
- the purity of the pyrromethene metal complex produced in this manner is preferably 99% by weight or more from the viewpoint of enabling the light emitting device to exhibit stable characteristics.
- the optical properties of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) can be obtained by measuring the absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum of the diluted solution.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the pyromethene metal complex and the absorption spectrum of the solvent does not overlap with the absorption spectrum of the pyromethene metal complex, and specific examples thereof include toluene.
- the concentration of the solution have sufficient absorbance, and is not particularly limited as long as the concentration range that does not cause concentration quenching is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10- 4 mol / L ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -7 mol / L , and more preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10- 5 mol / L ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -6 mol / L.
- the absorption spectrum can be measured by a general ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.
- the emission spectrum can be measured by a general fluorescence spectrophotometer. Further, it is preferable to use an absolute quantum yield measuring device using an integrating sphere for measuring the fluorescence quantum yield.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) exhibits light emission observed in a region having a peak wavelength of 580 nm or more and 750 nm or less by using excitation light.
- the emission observed in the region where the peak wavelength is 580 nm or more and 750 nm or less is referred to as “red emission”.
- the peak wavelength is preferably in the region of 600 nm or more and 640 nm or less, preferably 600 nm or more, from the viewpoint of expanding the color gamut and improving the color reproducibility. It is more preferably a region of 630 nm or less.
- the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum is preferably 650 to 750 nm from the viewpoint of low absorption in the living body and high permeability. More preferably, it is 700 to 750 nm.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) preferably emits red light by using excitation light having a wavelength in the range of 430 nm or more and 600 nm or less.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is used as the dopant material of the light emitting device, the pyrromethene metal complex emits red light by absorbing the light emitted from the host material. Since a general host material emits light in a wavelength range of 430 nm or more and 580 nm or less, if the excitation light can emit red light, it contributes to high efficiency of the light emitting element.
- the light emitted by irradiation with excitation light has a sharp emission spectrum in order to achieve high color purity. Is preferable. From this point of view, the full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum is preferably 40 nm or less.
- the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention when used as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging, if the half width of the emission spectrum is narrow, the fluorescent probe types can be easily separated, so that a plurality of types of fluorescent probes can be evaluated at the same time. .. From this point of view, the full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum is preferably 40 nm or less as described above.
- the luminous efficiency of the light emitting element depends on the fluorescence quantum yield of the light emitting material itself. Therefore, it is desired that the fluorescence quantum yield is as close to 100% as possible.
- the fluorescence quantum yield of the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.
- the fluorescence quantum yield shown here is obtained by measuring a diluted solution using toluene as a solvent with an absolute quantum yield measuring device.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is expected to be used in a thin film form in a light emitting device, particularly as a dopant. From the above, it is preferable to evaluate the optical characteristics of the pyrromethene metal complex-doped thin film (hereinafter referred to as the doped thin film) represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- the doped thin film is formed by co-depositing a matrix material and a pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) on a transparent substrate that does not absorb in the visible region.
- a matrix material a wide bandgap material that does not absorb excitation light is used, and specifically, mCBP is exemplified.
- the doping concentration of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is preferably the same as the doping concentration in the light emitting device, and is preferably selected from the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight. ..
- the film thickness of the doped thin film is not particularly limited as long as it sufficiently absorbs the excitation light and is easy to manufacture, but it is preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 nm. Further, after forming the doped thin film, it may be sealed with a transparent sealing resin.
- the emission peak wavelength of the doped thin film containing the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is preferably in the region of 580 nm or more and 750 nm or less, and preferably in the region of 600 nm or more and 650 nm or less. It is more preferably in the region of 600 nm or more and 640 nm or less.
- the half width of the emission spectrum of the doped thin film generally tends to be equal to or larger than that of the solution state. Therefore, the half width of the emission spectrum of the doped thin film containing the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 45 nm or less, and more preferably 40 nm or less. It is more preferable to have.
- the fluorescence quantum yield of the dope thin film can be measured using an absolute quantum yield measuring device, but it varies depending on the formation state of the dope thin film, the combination with the matrix material, the excitation light wavelength, etc., so it is an absolute value. Is difficult to compare. Therefore, it is preferable to measure the fluorescence quantum yield of the doped thin film of each material under certain conditions and evaluate by relative comparison between them. Further, in the doped thin film, a negative correlation is observed in which the fluorescence quantum yield decreases due to concentration quenching as the doping concentration increases. If this negative correlation is large, the allowable range of the doping concentration in the production of the light emitting element becomes small. Therefore, it is disadvantageous. Therefore, a material having a small negative correlation between the fluorescence quantum yield and the doping concentration is preferable.
- the bridgehead position substituent Due to steric hindrance, rotation and vibration of molecules are suppressed and heat deactivation is reduced, so that a high fluorescence quantum yield can be obtained.
- molecular aggregation is suppressed by the effect of steric hindrance of the bridgehead position substituent, and since the fluorescence quantum yield of the pyromethene boron complex itself is high, non-radiative quenching is small even if self-absorption of light emission occurs. Concentration quenching is unlikely to occur, and thus the negative correlation between the fluorescence quantum yield and the dope concentration can be reduced.
- the molecular orientation can be measured by examining the angle dependence of the emission spectrum of the doped thin film. Since the emission from the dopant molecules themselves is angle-dependent, it is constant when the dopant molecules are aligned in a certain direction, that is, when they are oriented, rather than when they are present in random directions in the doped thin film. The radiant intensity of light to the angle of is increased. Considering a light emitting element having such a doped thin film, it is possible to increase the amount of light extracted to the outside by matching the angle at which the radiant intensity becomes strong and the light extraction direction, and the luminous efficiency of the element is improved.
- pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or general formula (2) pyrromethene metal complex R 5 is represented by the general formula (6), the rotation of each by steric hindrance of the bridgehead position substituent -Since vibration is suppressed and a rigid structure is taken, it is easier to align than molecules having a flexible structure, and the molecular orientation of the dope thin film can be increased.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) can achieve both high luminous efficiency and high color purity, it is preferable to use it as an electronic device material in an electronic device, and particularly in a light emitting device. , It is preferable to use it as a light emitting element material.
- the light emitting device material in the present invention represents a material used for any layer of the light emitting device, and as described later, is used for a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and / or an electron transport layer.
- the materials used for the protective film (cap layer) of the electrodes are also included.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) has high light emitting performance, and thus is preferably a material used for the light emitting layer.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is preferably used as a red light emitting material because it exhibits strong light emission particularly in the red region.
- a light emitting layer containing a pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) a light emitting layer containing a blue light emitting material, and a light emitting layer containing a green light emitting material, white is formed. It can be a light emitting element.
- the light emitting element material of the present invention is composed of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) alone, it is configured as a mixture containing the pyrromethene metal complex and a plurality of other compounds.
- it is preferably composed of the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) alone.
- the pyrromethene metal complex alone represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) means that the compound is contained in an amount of 99% by weight or more.
- the light emitting device of the present invention has an anode and a cathode, and an organic layer existing between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer includes at least a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer emits light by electric energy.
- the light emitting device of the present invention contains a pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) in the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting element of the present invention may be either a bottom emission type or a top emission type.
- the layer structure between the anode and the cathode in such a light emitting element is composed of only the light emitting layer, 1) light emitting layer / electron transporting layer, 2) hole transporting layer / light emitting layer, and 3) hole transporting.
- Layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer 4) hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer, 5) hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, 6) hole Injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, 7) hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, 8) positive Examples thereof include a laminated structure such as a pore injection layer / a hole transport layer / an electron blocking layer / a light emitting layer / a hole blocking layer / an electron transport layer / an electron injection layer.
- a tandem type in which a plurality of the above laminated configurations are laminated via an intermediate layer may be used. That is, it is preferable to have at least two or more light emitting layers between the anode and the cathode, and at least one or more charge generating layers between each light emitting layer and the light emitting layer.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) is included in at least one light emitting layer when it has two or more light emitting layers. That is, when the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) has a plurality of light emitting layers, it may be contained in all of them, or is contained only in a part thereof. May be good.
- the tandem type element can achieve high brightness with a low current by having a plurality of light emitting layers, it is characterized by high efficiency and long life. Further, when it is composed of three color light emitting layers of R, G, and B, it becomes a highly efficient white light element, and is mainly used in the fields of television and lighting.
- This method has the advantage that the process can be simplified as compared with the RGB painting method.
- the intermediate layer generally include an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, an intermediate insulation layer, and the like, and known material configurations can be used.
- tandem type Preferred specific examples of the tandem type are 9) hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / charge generation layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer, 10) hole injection layer / hole transport layer / A charge generation layer is provided as an intermediate layer between the anode and the cathode, such as a light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / charge generation layer / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer.
- a laminated structure including is mentioned. Specifically, a pyridine derivative and a phenanthroline derivative are preferably used as the material constituting the intermediate layer.
- each of the above layers may be either a single layer or a plurality of layers, and may be doped. Further, each of the above layers includes an anode, one or more organic layers including a light emitting layer, and a cathode, and further includes an element configuration including a layer using a capping material for improving luminous efficiency due to the optical interference effect.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) may be used for any layer in the above device configuration, but has a high fluorescence quantum yield and thin film stability. Therefore, it is preferable to use it for the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting device of the present invention is preferably a top emission type organic electroluminescent device.
- a top-emission type organic electroluminescent device for example, a method in which the anode has a laminated structure of a reflective electrode layer and a transparent electrode layer and the film thickness of the transparent electrode layer on the reflective electrode layer is changed can be mentioned. After appropriately laminating an organic layer on the anode, a microcavity structure can be introduced into the organic electroluminescent device by using, for example, thin-film translucent silver or the like as a translucent electrode for the cathode.
- the microcavity structure when the microcavity structure is introduced into the organic electroluminescent device, the spectrum of the light emitted from the organic layer and emitted through the cathode becomes steeper than when the organic electroluminescent device does not have the microcavity structure.
- the injection strength to the front is greatly increased.
- the emission spectrum of the light emitting material if the emission spectrum of the light emitting material is sharp due to the microcavity effect, the luminous efficiency can be further increased, so that the light emitting material of the present invention is particularly effective. When this is used for a display, it can contribute to the improvement of color gamut and the improvement of brightness.
- the substrate In order to maintain the mechanical strength of the light emitting element, it is preferable to form the light emitting element on the substrate.
- a glass substrate such as soda glass or non-alkali glass is preferably used.
- the thickness of the glass substrate needs to be sufficient to maintain the mechanical strength, and therefore 0.5 mm or more is sufficient.
- non-alkali glass is preferable because it is preferable that the amount of eluted ions from the glass is small.
- soda lime glass coated with a barrier coat such as SiO 2 is also commercially available, and this can also be used.
- the substrate does not have to be glass, and may be, for example, a plastic substrate. Examples of such a plastic substrate include a resin film and a resin thin film effective with varnish, and are mainly used for flexible displays and foldable displays of mobile devices such as smartphones.
- the material used for the anode is zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide if it is a material that can efficiently inject holes into the organic layer and is transparent or translucent to extract light.
- conductive metal oxides such as indium (IZO), metals such as gold, silver and chromium, inorganic conductive substances such as copper iodide and copper sulfide, and conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline.
- ITO glass or Nesa glass it is particularly desirable to use ITO glass or Nesa glass.
- These electrode materials may be used alone, or a plurality of materials may be laminated or mixed.
- the material used for the cathode is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of efficiently injecting electrons into the light emitting layer.
- metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, aluminum, indium, alloys of these metals with low work function metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. Is preferable.
- aluminum, silver, and magnesium are preferable as the main components in terms of electrical resistance, ease of film formation, film stability, and luminous efficiency.
- it is composed of magnesium and silver it is preferable because electron injection into the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer in the present invention becomes easy and low voltage drive becomes possible.
- a protective layer In order to protect the cathode, it is preferable to laminate a protective layer (cap layer) on the cathode.
- the material constituting the protective layer is not particularly limited, but for example, metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, aluminum and indium, alloys using these metals, silica, titania, silicon nitride and the like. Examples thereof include inorganic substances, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl chlorides, and organic polymer compounds such as hydrocarbon-based polymer compounds.
- the material used for the protective layer is selected from materials having light transmission in the visible light region.
- the hole injection layer is a layer inserted between the anode and the hole transport layer.
- the hole injection layer may be one layer or a plurality of layers may be laminated.
- the presence of the hole injection layer between the hole transport layer and the anode is preferable because it is driven at a lower voltage and not only the durability life is improved, but also the carrier balance of the device is improved and the luminous efficiency is also improved.
- the material used for the hole injection layer is not particularly limited, but for example, a benzidine derivative, 4,4', 4 "-tris (3-methylphenyl (phenyl) amino) triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4. ', 4 "-Tris (1-naphthyl (phenyl) amino) Triphenylamine (1-TNATA) and other materials called starburst arylamines, biscarbazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, stilben compounds, hydrazone compounds, benzofurans Heterocyclic compounds such as derivatives, thiophene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, and porphyrin derivatives, and in polymer systems, polycarbonate and styrene derivatives having the above-mentioned monomer in the side chain, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyfluorene, polyvinylcarbazole, polysilane, etc.
- benzidine derivatives and starburst arylamine-based materials are more preferably used from the viewpoint of having a shallower HOMO level than the compound used for the hole transport layer and smoothly injecting and transporting holes from the anode to the hole transport layer. Be done.
- These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds of materials. Further, a plurality of materials may be laminated to form a hole injection layer.
- the hole injection layer is composed of the acceptor compound alone, or that the hole injection material as described above is doped with the acceptor compound to obtain the above-mentioned effect more remarkably.
- the acceptor compound is a material that forms a charge transfer complex with a contacting hole transport layer when used as a monolayer film and a material constituting a hole injection layer when doped. When such a material is used, the conductivity of the hole injection layer is improved, which further contributes to a decrease in the driving voltage of the element, and effects such as improvement of luminous efficiency and improvement of durable life can be obtained.
- acceptor compounds include metal chlorides such as iron (III) chloride, aluminum chloride, gallium chloride, indium chloride and antimony chloride, metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide and ruthenium oxide.
- metal chlorides such as iron (III) chloride, aluminum chloride, gallium chloride, indium chloride and antimony chloride, metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide and ruthenium oxide.
- Charge transfer complexes such as tris (4-bromophenyl) aminium hexachloroantimonate (TBPAH) can be mentioned.
- 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile HAT-CN6
- 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane F4-TCNQ
- organic compounds having a nitro group, cyano group, halogen or trifluoromethyl group in the molecule such as fluorinated copper phthalocyanine, quinone compounds, acid anhydride compounds, fullerene and the like are also preferably used. Be done.
- the hole injection layer may be a single layer regardless of whether the hole injection layer is composed of the acceptor compound alone or the hole injection layer is doped with the acceptor compound.
- a plurality of layers may be laminated to form a structure.
- the hole transport layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer may be a single layer or may be formed by laminating a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport layer is formed by a method of laminating or mixing one or more kinds of hole transport materials, or a method of using a mixture of a hole transport material and a polymer binder.
- the hole transport material needs to efficiently transport holes from the anode between electrodes to which an electric field is applied, has high hole injection efficiency, and can efficiently transport the injected holes. preferable.
- the substance has an appropriate ionization potential, has a large hole mobility, is excellent in stability, and is less likely to generate trap impurities during production and use.
- the substance satisfying such conditions is not particularly limited, but for example, a benzidine derivative, a material group called starburst arylamine, a biscarbazole derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a stilben-based compound, a hydrazone-based compound, a benzofuran derivative, and the like.
- Heterocyclic compounds such as thiophene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, and porphyrin derivatives, and in the polymer system, polycarbonate and styrene derivatives having the above-mentioned monomer in the side chain, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyfluorene, polyvinylcarbazole, polysilane, etc. are mentioned. Be done.
- the light emitting layer may be composed of a single material, but preferably has a first compound and a second compound which is a dopant exhibiting strong light emission.
- the first compound include a host material responsible for charge transfer and a heat-activated delayed fluorescence compound.
- the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) has a particularly excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and the half width of the emission spectrum is narrow, so that the dopant of the light emitting layer It is preferable to use it as the second compound.
- the doping amount of the second compound is preferably used in an amount of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, and further preferably 5% by weight or less with respect to the host material. Further, if the doping concentration is too low, sufficient energy transfer is unlikely to occur. Therefore, it is preferably used in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more, based on the host material.
- the light emitting layer may contain a compound other than the first compound and the second compound as a light emitting material (host material or dopant material). Such compounds are referred to as other light emitting materials.
- the host material is not limited to only one kind of compound, and a plurality of compounds of the present invention may be mixed and used, or one or more kinds of other host materials may be mixed and used. Further, they may be laminated and used.
- the host material is not particularly limited, but is a compound having a condensed aryl ring, a derivative thereof, and an aroma such as N, N'-dinaphthyl-N, N'-diphenyl-4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-diamine.
- Group amine derivatives metal chelated oxynoid compounds such as tris (8-quinolinate) aluminum (III), bisstyryl derivatives such as distyrylbenzene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, inden derivatives, coumarin derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyroro Pyridine derivative, perinone derivative, cyclopentadiene derivative, pyrolopyrrole derivative, thiadiazolopyridine derivative, dibenzofuran derivative, carbazole derivative, indolocarbazole derivative, triazine derivative, polyphenylene vinylene derivative, polyparaphenylene derivative, polyfluorene derivative in the polymer system , Polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, polythiophene derivatives and the like can be used, but are not particularly limited.
- metal chelated oxynoid compounds such as tris (8-quinolinate) aluminum (III)
- bisstyryl derivatives such as distyrylbenzene derivative
- the host material is an anthracene derivative or a naphthacene derivative.
- the dopant material may contain a compound other than the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
- a compound other than the pyrromethene metal complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2) Such compounds are not particularly limited, but compounds having a condensed aryl ring or derivatives thereof, compounds having a heteroaryl ring or derivatives thereof, distyrylbenzene derivatives, aminostyryl derivatives, aromatic acetylene derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, etc. Examples thereof include stillben derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyromethene derivatives, diketopyrrolo [3,4-c] pyrrole derivatives, coumarin derivatives, azole derivatives and metal complexes thereof, and aromatic amine derivatives.
- a dopant containing a diamine skeleton and a dopant containing a fluoranthene skeleton are preferable because high-efficiency light emission can be easily obtained.
- the dopant containing the diamine skeleton has a high hole trapping property
- the dopant containing a fluoranthene skeleton has a high electron trapping property.
- the light emitting layer may contain a phosphorescent light emitting material.
- the phosphorescent material is a material that emits phosphorescent light even at room temperature.
- the dopant that emits phosphorescent light is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), and rhenium (Re). It is preferably a metal complex compound containing.
- the ligand preferably has a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle such as a phenylpyridine skeleton or a phenylquinoline skeleton or a carbene skeleton.
- the complex is not limited to these, and an appropriate complex is selected based on the required emission color, device performance, and relationship with the host compound.
- An iridium complex or a platinum complex is preferably used because high-efficiency light emission can be easily obtained.
- the dopant material is preferably a pyrromethene metal complex represented by one kind of general formula (1) or general formula (2).
- the light emitting layer may further contain a third component for adjusting the carrier balance in the light emitting layer and for stabilizing the layer structure of the light emitting layer.
- a third component a material that does not cause an interaction between the host material and the dopant material is selected.
- Thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials also commonly referred to as TADF materials, reduce the energy gap between the singlet excited state energy level and the triplet excited state energy level to reduce the energy gap from the triplet excited state to the singlet. It is a material that promotes the inverse intersystem crossing to the excited state and improves the generation probability of singlet excitators. Felster-type energy transfer from the singlet excitons of the first compound having thermal activation delayed fluorescence to the singlet excitons of the second compound causes the singlet excitons of the second compound. Fluorescence emission is observed. By utilizing the delayed fluorescence by this TADF mechanism, the theoretical internal efficiency can be increased up to 100%.
- the heat-activated delayed fluorescence material may be a material that exhibits heat-activated delayed fluorescence with a single material, or may be a material that exhibits heat-activated delayed fluorescence with a plurality of materials.
- the heat-activated delayed fluorescence compound a single material or a plurality of materials may be used, and known materials can be used. Specific examples thereof include benzonitrile derivatives, triazine derivatives, disulfoxide derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, dihydrophenazine derivatives, thiazole derivatives, and oxadiazole derivatives. In particular, a compound having an electron donating part (donor part) and an electron attracting part (acceptor part) in the same molecule is preferable.
- examples of the electron donating part include an aromatic amino group and a ⁇ -electron excess heterocyclic functional group. Specific examples thereof include a diarylamino group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a dihydroacrydinyl group, a phenoxadinyl group and a dihydrophenazinyl group. Further, examples of the electron attracting part (acceptor part) include a phenyl group having an electron attracting group as a substituent and a ⁇ -electron deficient heterocyclic functional group.
- a phenyl group or a triazinyl group having an electron-attracting group selected from a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group and a cyano group as a substituent is exemplified.
- Each of these functional groups may or may not be substituted.
- the heat-activated delayed fluorescent compound is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include the following.
- an excited complex is formed by a combination of an electron transporting material (acceptor) and a hole transporting material (donor). Is preferable. Since the difference between the level of the singlet excited state and the level of the triplet excited state of the excited complex becomes small, energy transfer from the triplet excited state level to the singlet excited state level is likely to occur, and light emission occurs. Efficiency is improved. Further, by adjusting the mixing ratio of the electron-transporting material and the hole-transporting material, the emission wavelength of the excited complex can be adjusted and the efficiency of energy transfer can be improved.
- Examples of such an electron-transporting material include a compound or a metal complex containing a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring.
- an electron-transporting material examples include a compound or a metal complex containing a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring.
- Metal complexes such as zinc (II), 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3- (4-biphenylyl) -4
- Polyazole skeletons such as -phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,2,4-triazole, 2- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl)
- NPB 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- TPD Triphenyl- [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine
- TPD 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) triphenylamine
- 1-naphthyl 4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) triphenylamine
- an aromatic amine skeleton such as Spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-amine, 1,3-bis (N-carbazolyl) benzene, 4,4'-d
- the first compound is a heat-activated delayed-fluorescent compound
- a compound other than the first compound and the second compound that is, when further containing other light-emitting materials, the light-emitting material (host material or dopant material).
- the third compound a compound other than the first compound and the second compound, that is, when further containing other light-emitting materials, the light-emitting material (host material or dopant material).
- the third compound if the light emitting layer contains a third compound, the first compound is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence compound.
- the first compound is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence compound
- the light emitting layer further contains a third compound
- the excitation single-term energy of the third compound is higher than the excitation single-term energy of the first compound. Larger is preferred. Further, it is more preferable that the excitation triplet energy of the third compound is larger than the excitation triplet energy of the first compound.
- the third compound can have a function of confining the energy of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer, and can efficiently emit light.
- the third compound for example, an organic compound that is required to function as a host material, has a high charge transporting ability, and has a high glass transition temperature is preferable.
- the third compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following.
- the third compound may be a single material or multiple types of materials. It is preferable that the third compound is composed of two or more kinds of materials. When a plurality of kinds of materials are used as the third compound, it is preferable that the third compound has an electron transporting property and the third compound has a hole transporting property. By combining the electron-transporting third compound and the hole-transporting third compound at an appropriate mixing ratio, the charge balance in the light emitting layer is adjusted and the bias of the light emitting region is suppressed, so that the light emitting device It can improve reliability and durability. Further, an excited complex may be formed between the electron-transporting third compound and the hole-transporting third compound. From the above viewpoint, it is preferable to satisfy the relational expressions of Equations 1 to 4, respectively. It is more preferable to satisfy the formulas 1 and 2, and it is further preferable to satisfy the formulas 3 and 4. Further, it is more preferable to satisfy all of the formulas 1 to 4.
- S 1 represents the energy level of the excited singlet state of each compound
- T 1 represents the energy level of the excited triplet state of each compound.
- Examples of the third electron-transporting compound include compounds containing a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring. Specifically, 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 3- (4-biphenylyl) -4-phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 1,3-bis [5- (p-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl ] Benzene (OXD-7), 9- [4- (5) -Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (CO11), 2,2', 2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl) tris (1) A heterocyclic compound having a polyazole skeleton such as -phenyl-1H
- a compound containing a ⁇ -electron excess type heteroaromatic ring and the like can be mentioned.
- the electron transport layer is a layer in which electrons are injected from the cathode and further electrons are transported. It is desired that the electron transport layer has high electron injection efficiency and efficiently transports the injected electrons. Therefore, the material used for the electron transport layer is required to have a high electron affinity, a high electron mobility, excellent stability, and a substance that does not easily generate trap impurities during manufacturing and use. .. In particular, when the film thickness is thickly laminated, a compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more is preferable because a compound having a low molecular weight tends to be crystallized and the film quality is easily deteriorated.
- the electron transport layer in the present invention also includes a hole blocking layer capable of efficiently blocking the movement of holes as a synonym, and the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer are formed by laminating a plurality of materials even if they are used alone. May be.
- Examples of the electron transport material used for the electron transport layer include condensed polycyclic aromatic derivatives, styryl aromatic ring derivatives, quinone derivatives, phosphoroxide derivatives, quinolinol complexes such as tris (8-quinolinolate) aluminum (III), and benzoquinolinol complexes. , Hydroxylazole complex, azomethin complex, tropolone metal complex, flavonol metal complex and various other metal complexes.
- a compound having a heteroaryl ring structure containing electron-accepting nitrogen which is composed of elements selected from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, and phosphorus because the driving voltage is reduced and high-efficiency light emission can be obtained. It is preferable to use it.
- the electron-accepting nitrogen referred to here represents a nitrogen atom forming a multiple bond with an adjacent atom. Since the nitrogen atom has a high electronegativity, the multiple bond has an electron-accepting property. Therefore, aromatic heterocycles containing electron-accepting nitrogen have high electron affinity.
- An electron transporting material having electron-accepting nitrogen makes it easier to receive electrons from a cathode having a high electron affinity, and enables lower voltage drive. In addition, the supply of electrons to the light emitting layer is increased, and the recombination probability is increased, so that the luminous efficiency is improved.
- heteroaryl ring containing electron-accepting nitrogen examples include a triazine ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a quinoline ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, a naphthylidine ring, a pyrimidopyrimidine ring, a benzoquinoline ring, and a phenanthroline ring.
- Examples thereof include an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a triazole ring, a thiazole ring, a thiaziazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, and a phenanthleiumidazole ring.
- Examples of the compounds having these heteroaryl ring structures include pyridine derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, benzthiazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiadiazol derivatives, triazole derivatives, and pyrazines.
- Preferred compounds include derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoxalin derivatives, quinoline derivatives, benzoquinolin derivatives, oligopyridine derivatives such as bipyridine and terpyridine, quinoxalin derivatives and naphthylidine derivatives.
- imidazole derivatives such as tris (N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl) benzene
- oxadiazole derivatives such as 1,3-bis [(4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazolyl] phenylene.
- Triazole derivatives such as N-naphthyl-2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-triazole, phenanthroline derivatives such as vasocproin and 1,3-bis (1,10-phenanthroline-9-yl) benzene, 2,2 '-Bis (benzo [h] quinoline-2-yl) -9,9'-benzoquinoline derivatives such as spirobifluorene, 2,5-bis (6'-(2', 2 "-bipyridyl))-1 , 1-Dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilol and other bipyridine derivatives, 1,3-bis (4'-(2,2': 6'2 "-terpyridinyl)) benzene and other terpyridine derivatives, bis (1-naphthyl) ) -4- (1,8-naphthylidine-2-yl) naphthylidine derivatives such as phenylphosphin
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic skeleton is more preferably a fluoranthene skeleton, an anthracene skeleton, pyrene skeleton or phenanthroline skeleton. , Fluoranthene skeleton or phenanthroline skeleton is particularly preferable.
- the electron transport material can be used alone, but two or more types may be mixed and used. Further, the electron transport layer may contain a donor material.
- the donor material is a compound that facilitates electron injection from the cathode or the electron injection layer into the electron transport layer by improving the electron injection barrier, and further improves the electrical conductivity of the electron transport layer.
- donor materials include alkali metals, inorganic salts containing alkali metals, complexes of alkali metals and organic substances, alkaline earth metals, inorganic salts containing alkaline earth metals or alkaline earth metals and organic substances. Complexes, rare earth metals such as Eu and Yb, inorganic salts containing rare earth metals, complexes of rare earth metals and organic substances, and the like.
- metallic lithium, rare earth metal, lithium fluoride or lithium quinolinol (Liq) is particularly preferable.
- an electron injection layer may be provided between the cathode and the electron transport layer.
- the electron injection layer is inserted for the purpose of assisting the injection of electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer, but when inserting, a compound having a heteroaryl ring structure containing electron-accepting nitrogen may be used.
- a layer containing the above donor material may be used.
- an insulator or a semiconductor inorganic substance for the electron injection layer. It is preferable to use these materials because it is possible to prevent a short circuit of the light emitting element and improve the electron injection property.
- At least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides.
- the charge generation layer in the present invention may be formed by one layer, or may be formed by stacking a plurality of layers.
- a layer that easily generates electrons as an electric charge is called an n-type charge generation layer
- a layer that easily generates holes is called a p-type charge generation layer.
- the charge generation layer is preferably composed of a double layer. Specifically, it is preferably used as a pn junction charge generation layer composed of an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer.
- the pn junction type charge generation layer generates an electric charge when a voltage is applied in the light emitting element, or separates the electric charge into holes and electrons, and separates these holes and electrons into a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer. It is injected into the light emitting layer via. Specifically, it functions as a charge generation layer of an intermediate layer in a light emitting element in which light emitting layers are laminated.
- the n-type charge generation layer supplies electrons to the first light emitting layer existing on the anode side, and the p-type charge generation layer supplies holes to the second light emitting layer existing on the cathode side. Therefore, the luminous efficiency of the light emitting element in which a plurality of light emitting layers are laminated can be improved, the driving voltage can be lowered, and the durability of the element is also improved.
- the n-type charge generation layer is composed of an n-type dopant and an n-type host, and conventional materials can be used for these.
- the n-type dopant the above-mentioned donor material is preferably used, and specifically, an alkali metal or a salt thereof, an alkaline earth metal or a salt thereof, or a rare earth metal can be used.
- alkali metals or salts thereof, or rare earth metals are preferable, and metallic lithium, lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium quinolinol (Liq) or metallic ytterbium are more preferable.
- the electron transport material used for the electron transport layer described above is preferably used, and among them, a triazine derivative, a phenanthroline derivative or an oligopyridine derivative can be used.
- the electron transport material used for the electron transport layer described above is preferably used.
- a phenanthroline derivative or a terpyridine derivative is preferable.
- the phenanthroline derivative represented by the general formula (13) is more preferable. That is, the light emitting device of the present invention preferably contains a phenanthroline derivative represented by the general formula (13) in the charge generation layer.
- the phenanthroline derivative represented by the general formula (13) is preferably contained in the n-type charge generation layer.
- Ar 5 is an aryl group substituted with two phenanthrolyl groups.
- the replacement position is an arbitrary position.
- This aryl group may have another substituent at other positions.
- Such an aryl group is preferably selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group and a fluorenyl group from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and sublimation.
- R 71 to R 77 may be the same or different, and are selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group.
- it is preferably selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group.
- the p-type charge generation layer is composed of a p-type dopant and a p-type host, and conventional materials can be used for these.
- the acceptor compound used in the hole injection layer described above is preferably used, specifically 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-).
- HAT- 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile
- CN6 tetrafluorole-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane
- F4-TCNQ tetracyanoquinodimethane derivative
- radialene derivative iodine
- FeCl 3 FeF 3
- SbCl 5 SbCl 5
- 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile HAT-CN6
- (2E, 2'E, 2''E) -2,2', 2''-(Cyclopropane-1,2,3-triylidene) Tris (2- (perfluorophenyl) -nitrile), (2E, 2'E, 2''E) -2,2', 2''-(cyclo)
- It is a radialene derivative such as propane-1,2,3-triylidene) tris (2- (4-cyanoperfluorophenyl) -nitrile).
- the acceptor compound may form a thin film by itself. In this case, the thin film of the acceptor compound preferably has a film thickness of 10 nm or less.
- the p-type host is preferably an arylamine derivative.
- the method for forming each of the above layers constituting the light emitting element may be either a dry process or a wet process, and is not particularly limited, such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering, molecular lamination method, coating method, inkjet method, and printing method. Usually, resistance heating vapor deposition or electron beam deposition is preferable from the viewpoint of device characteristics.
- the thickness of the organic layer cannot be limited because it depends on the resistance value of the luminescent substance, but it is preferably 1 to 1000 nm.
- the film thickness of the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the hole transport layer is preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the light emitting element according to the embodiment of the present invention has a function of converting electric energy into light.
- direct current is mainly used as electrical energy, but pulse current and alternating current can also be used.
- the current value and the voltage value are not particularly limited, but in consideration of the power consumption and the life of the element, it is preferable that the maximum brightness can be obtained with the lowest possible energy.
- the light emitting device emits red light having a peak wavelength of 580 nm or more and 750 nm or less when energized.
- the peak wavelength is preferably in the region of 600 nm or more and 640 nm or less, and more preferably in the region of 600 nm or more and 630 nm or less.
- the half width of the light emission spectrum by energization is preferably 45 nm or less, more preferably 40 nm or less, from the viewpoint of increasing the color purity.
- the light emitting element according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitably used as a display device such as a display that displays in a matrix and / or segment system, for example.
- the light emitting element according to the embodiment of the present invention is also preferably used as a backlight for various devices and the like.
- the backlight is mainly used for the purpose of improving the visibility of display devices such as displays that do not emit light by itself, and is used for display devices such as liquid crystal displays, clocks, audio devices, automobile panels, display boards and signs.
- the light emitting element of the present invention is preferably used for a liquid crystal display, particularly a backlight for a personal computer whose thinness is being studied, and can provide a backlight thinner and lighter than the conventional one.
- the light emitting element according to the embodiment of the present invention is also preferably used as various lighting devices.
- the light emitting element according to the embodiment of the present invention can achieve both high luminous efficiency and high color purity, and can be made thinner and lighter, so that low power consumption and bright emission color can be achieved.
- a lighting device with high design can be realized.
- Synthesis example 1 Method for synthesizing compound D-1 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo [6,7] cyclohepta [1,2-b] pyrrole 4.50 g and 1-naphtho
- a mixed solution of 3.25 g of pyrrole and 70 ml of o-xylene was heated and stirred at 130 ° C. for 5 hours under a nitrogen stream. After cooling to room temperature, methanol is added, the precipitated solid is filtered, vacuum dried, and 2- (1-naphthoyl) -3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,4,5,6-tetrahydro. 5.60 g of benzo [6,7] cyclohepta [1,2-b] pyrrole was obtained.
- Compound D-1 MS (m / z) 815 [M + H] + Compound D-1 was sublimated and purified at 270 ° C. under a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa using an oil diffusion pump, and then used as a light emitting device material.
- Synthesis example 2 Method for synthesizing compound D-2 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo [6,7] cyclohepta [1,2-b] pyrrole 0.36 g and 2,4 , 2 drops of trifluoroacetic acid was added to a mixed solution of 0.09 g of 6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 30 ml of dichloromethane, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours under a nitrogen stream. Then, 50 ml of water was added, and the mixture was extracted with 50 ml of dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with 50 ml of water, magnesium sulfate was added, and the mixture was filtered. The solvent was removed from the filtrate by an evaporator to obtain 0.38 g of pyromethane compound.
- the organic layer was washed with 50 ml of water, magnesium sulfate was added, and the mixture was filtered.
- 50 ml of methanol was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes and then allowed to cool.
- the precipitated solid was filtered and vacuum dried to obtain 0.26 g of reddish purple powder.
- the obtained powder was analyzed by LC-MS, and it was confirmed that the reddish purple powder was compound D-2, which is a pyrromethene metal complex.
- Compound D-2 MS (m / z) 723 [M + H] + Compound D-2 was sublimated and purified at 270 ° C. under a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa using an oil diffusion pump, and then used as a light emitting device material.
- the pyrromethene metal complex used in the following examples and comparative examples is the compound shown below.
- Table 1 shows the emission characteristics of these pyrromethene metal complex compounds in a toluene solution.
- Example 1 Evaluation of fluorescent bottom emission type light emitting element
- a glass substrate manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ / ⁇ , sputtered product
- ITO transparent conductive film was deposited at 165 nm was cut into a size of 38 ⁇ 46 mm and etched.
- the obtained substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with "Semicoclean 56" (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water.
- This substrate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, placed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- HAT-CN6 was first deposited at 5 nm as a hole injection layer, and then HT-1 was deposited at 50 nm as a hole transport layer.
- H-1 (first compound) as the host material and compound D-1 (second compound) as the dopant material were used at 20 nm so that the doping concentration was 0.5% by weight. It was deposited to the thickness of.
- ET-1 was used as the electron transport layer and 2E-1 was used as the donor material, and the layers were laminated to a thickness of 35 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio of ET-1 and 2E-1 was 1: 1.
- magnesium and silver were co-deposited at 1000 nm to form a cathode, and a bottom emission type light emitting device of 5 ⁇ 5 mm square was produced.
- this light emitting element was made to emit light at 1000 cd / m 2 , the light emitting characteristics were an emission peak wavelength of 611 nm, a half width of 38 nm, and an external quantum efficiency of 5.8%.
- the durability was evaluated by continuously energizing the initial brightness with a current of 1000 cd / m 2 and achieving a brightness of 90% of the initial brightness (hereinafter referred to as LT90). As a result, the LT90 of this light emitting element was 245 hours.
- HAT-CN6, HT-1, H-1, ET-1, and 2E-1 are the compounds shown below.
- Examples 2 to 46, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 A light emitting device was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used as the dopant material. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 47 (TADF bottom emission type light emitting element evaluation) A glass substrate (manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ / ⁇ , sputtered product) on which an ITO transparent conductive film was deposited at 165 nm was cut into a size of 38 ⁇ 46 mm and etched. The obtained substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with "Semicoclean 56" (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water. This substrate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, placed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- Semicoclean 56 trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- HAT-CN6 was first deposited at 10 nm as a hole injection layer, and then HT-1 was deposited at 180 nm as a hole transport layer.
- the host material H-2 (third compound), the compound D-1 (second compound), and the TADF material compound H-3 (first compound) are weighted. It was deposited to a thickness of 40 nm so that the ratio was 80: 0.5: 19.5.
- the compound ET-1 is used as the electron transport material and 2E-1 is used as the donor material, and the thickness of the compounds ET-1 and 2E-1 is 35 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio is 1: 1. It was laminated.
- magnesium and silver were co-deposited at 1000 nm to form a cathode, and a bottom emission type light emitting device of 5 ⁇ 5 mm square was produced.
- H-2 and H-3 are the compounds shown below.
- the excited singlet energy level: S 1 and the excited triplet energy level: T 1 of each of the compounds H-2 and H-3 are as follows.
- Examples 48-72, Comparative Examples 5-6 A light emitting device was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 47 except that the compounds shown in Table 3 were used as the dopant material. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Examples 47 to 72 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6 since the TADF material is used for the light emitting layer, the external quantum efficiency is higher than that in 1 to 46 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. Greatly improved. Among these, all of Examples 47 to 72 had a narrow full width at half maximum, and highly efficient light emission could be obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 5, although the external quantum efficiency was high, the half width was wide. Further, in Comparative Example 6, although the half width was narrow, the external quantum efficiency was low.
- Example 73 (TADF top emission type light emitting element evaluation) A glass substrate (manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ / ⁇ , sputtered product) in which a reflective film of 100 nm made of metallic aluminum and an ITO transparent conductive film of 50 nm were deposited in this order was cut into 38 ⁇ 46 mm and etched. The obtained substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with "Semicoclean 56" (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water.
- “Semicoclean 56" trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- This substrate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, placed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- HAT-CN6 was first deposited on the ITO conductive film at 10 nm as a hole injection layer, and then HT-1 was deposited at 125 nm as a hole transport layer.
- the host material H-2 third compound
- the compound D-1 second compound
- the TADF material compound H-3 first compound
- the compound ET-1 is used as the electron transport material and 2E-1 is used as the donor material, and the thickness of the compounds ET-1 and 2E-1 is 30 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio is 1: 1. It was laminated. Next, after depositing 2E-1 at 1 nm as an electron injection layer, magnesium and silver were co-deposited at 20 nm to form a cathode, and a top emission type light emitting device of 5 ⁇ 5 mm square was produced.
- Examples 74 to 81, Comparative Example 7 A light emitting device was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 73 except that the compounds shown in Table 4 were used as the dopant material. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 82 Measurement of light emission characteristics of doped thin film
- the quartz glass plate (10 ⁇ 10 mm) was ultrasonically cleaned with “Semicoclean 56” (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, then washed with ultrapure water and dried.
- This glass plate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, installed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- mCBP as a host material and compound D-1 as a dopant material were vapor-deposited to a thickness of 500 nm so that the doping concentration was 1% by weight to obtain a 1% by weight doped thin film.
- a 2 wt% doped thin film and a 4 wt% doped thin film were obtained by the same method.
- Emission peak wavelength ⁇ max 611 nm, half width 38 nm
- the fluorescence quantum yield at 540 nm of excitation light was determined using a fluorescence quantum yield measuring device C11347-01 (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.). I asked. Further, the ratio of the fluorescence quantum yield at each doping concentration when the fluorescence quantum yield when the doping concentration was 1% was set to 1, was calculated by the following formula as the QY ratio.
- Examples 83-99 The fluorescence quantum yield and QY ratio of the doped thin film were determined in the same manner as in Example 82 except that the compounds shown in Table 5 were used as the dopant material. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Examples 83, 86, and Examples used a pyrromethene metal complex in which the phenyl group at the bridge head position had a substituent at both the 2-position and the 6-position with respect to the bond with the pyrromethene skeleton.
- Example 88, Example 89, Example 91, Example 93, Example 98, and Example 99 the fluorescence quantum yield decreased due to an increase in the doping concentration as compared with the case where other pyrromethene metal complexes were used. Is small, that is, the density quenching is small.
- the pyrromethene metal complex of the present invention it is possible to fabricate a light emitting device having high external quantum efficiency and a narrow half width of the light emission spectrum. It was also found that the top emission type light emitting element greatly improves the current efficiency. Further, it has been found that it is possible to obtain red light emission having an emission peak wavelength of 640 nm or less, which has been difficult in the past, so that the design range of wavelength can be widened. It has been shown that this facilitates color control in the manufacture of display devices such as displays and lighting devices, and can increase color purity and luminous efficiency.
- Example 100 (TADF bottom emission type light emitting element evaluation using two types of host materials)
- a glass substrate manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ / ⁇ , sputtered product
- ITO transparent conductive film was deposited at 165 nm was cut into a size of 38 ⁇ 46 mm and etched.
- the obtained substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with "Semicoclean 56" (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water.
- This substrate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, placed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- HAT-CN6 was first deposited at 10 nm as a hole injection layer, and then HT-1 was deposited at 180 nm as a hole transport layer.
- the first host material H-2 hole transporting third compound
- the second host material H-4 electron transporting third compound
- compound D -1 second compound
- compound H-3 first compound
- the compound ET-1 is used as the electron transport material and 2E-1 is used as the donor material, and the thickness of the compounds ET-1 and 2E-1 is 35 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio is 1: 1. It was laminated. Next, after depositing 2E-1 at 0.5 nm as an electron injection layer, magnesium and silver were co-deposited at 1000 nm to form a cathode, and a bottom emission type light emitting device of 5 ⁇ 5 mm square was produced.
- the light emitting characteristics were an emission peak wavelength of 612 nm, a half width of 38 nm, an external quantum efficiency of 13.0%, and an LT90 of 255 hours.
- the emission peak wavelength, full width at half maximum, and external quantum efficiency are the same, LT90 is about 1.5 times larger, and durability is improved.
- H-4 is a compound shown below.
- S 1 and the excited triplet energy levels: T 1 are as follows.
- Example 101 Evaluation of tandem fluorescent light emitting device
- a glass substrate manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd., 11 ⁇ / ⁇ , sputtered product
- ITO transparent conductive film was deposited at 165 nm was cut into a size of 38 ⁇ 46 mm and etched.
- the obtained substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with "Semicoclean 56" (trade name, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 15 minutes, and then washed with ultrapure water.
- This substrate was subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 1 hour immediately before the device was manufactured, placed in a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and exhausted until the degree of vacuum in the apparatus became 5 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
- HAT-CN6 was first deposited at 5 nm as a hole injection layer, and then HT-1 was deposited at 50 nm as a hole transport layer.
- H-1 (first compound) as the host material and compound D-1 (second compound) as the dopant material were used at 20 nm so that the doping concentration was 0.5% by weight. It was deposited to the thickness of.
- the compound ET-1 is used as the electron transport material and 2E-1 is used as the donor material, and the thickness of the compounds ET-1 and 2E-1 is 35 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio is 1: 1. It was laminated.
- compound ET-2 was used as the n-type host as the n-type charge generation layer, and metallic lithium was used as the n-type dopant, and the compound ET-2 and metallic lithium were laminated at 10 nm so that the vapor deposition rate ratio was 99: 1. ..
- HAT-CN6 was laminated at 10 nm as a p-type charge light emitting layer.
- HT-1 was 50 nm as the hole transport layer
- a thin film in which the host material H-1 was doped with 0.5% by weight of compound D-1 as the light emitting layer was 20 nm, and ET- was used as the electron transport layer.
- a thin film of 35 nm having a ratio of 1 and 2E-1 of 1: 1 was deposited in order.
- magnesium and silver were co-deposited at 1000 nm to serve as a cathode, and a 5 ⁇ 5 mm square tandem fluorescent light emitting device was produced.
- the light emitting characteristics were an emission peak wavelength of 611 nm, a half width of 38 nm, an external quantum efficiency of 10.9%, and an LT90 of 511 hours.
- both the external quantum efficiency and the LT90 were about twice as large, and it was confirmed that the luminous efficiency and durability were improved.
- ET-2 is a compound shown below.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るピロメテン金属錯体は一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される。
R1~R5は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、シロキサニル基、ボリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、および隣接基との間の環構造の中から選ばれる。ただし、R3とR4とで環構造が形成される場合、その環構造は単環である。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。ただしY1がトリメチレン基である場合、R1は水素原子およびハロゲンではない。
アシル基とは、例えばアセチル基、プロピオニル基、ベンゾイル基、アクリリル基など、カルボニル基を介してアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基が結合した官能基を示し、これらの置換基はさらに置換されていてもよい。アシル基の炭素数は特に限定されないが、好ましくは、2以上40以下、より好ましくは2以上30以下である。
一般式(1)および一般式(2)で表されるピロメテン金属錯体の錯形成前の化合物として、それぞれ一般式(8)および一般式(9)で表されるピロメテン化合物が挙げられる。
一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表されるピロメテン金属錯体は、高発光効率と高色純度を両立できることから、電子デバイスにおいて、電子デバイス材料として用いることが好ましく、特に、発光素子において、発光素子材料として用いられることが好ましい。ここで本発明における発光素子材料とは、発光素子のいずれかの層に使用される材料を表し、後述するように、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層および/または電子輸送層に使用される材料であるほか、電極の保護膜(キャップ層)に使用される材料も含む。
次に、本発明の発光素子の実施の形態について説明する。本発明の発光素子は、陽極と陰極、および該陽極と該陰極との間に存在する有機層を有し、該有機層は少なくとも発光層を含み、該発光層が電気エネルギーにより発光する。本発明の発光素子は、発光層に一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表されるピロメテン金属錯体を含有する。
発光素子の機械的強度を保つために、発光素子を基板上に形成することが好ましい。基板としては、ソーダガラスや無アルカリガラスなどのガラス基板が好適に用いられる。ガラス基板の厚みは、機械的強度を保つのに十分な厚みがあればよいので、0.5mm以上あれば十分である。ガラスの材質については、ガラスからの溶出イオンが少ない方がよいので無アルカリガラスの方が好ましい。また、SiO2などのバリアコートを施したソーダライムガラスも市販されており、これを使用することもできる。また、基板上に形成される第一電極が安定に機能するのであれば、基板はガラスである必要はなく、例えば、プラスチック基板であってもよい。このようなプラスチック基板としては樹脂製フィルムやワニスを効果した樹脂薄膜が例示され、主にスマートフォンなどのモバイル機器のフレキシブルディスプレイやフォルダブルディスプレイ用途で用いられる。
陽極に用いる材料は、正孔を有機層に効率よく注入できる材料、かつ光を取り出すために透明または半透明であれば、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫、酸化インジウム、酸化錫インジウム(ITO)、酸化亜鉛インジウム(IZO)などの導電性金属酸化物、あるいは、金、銀、クロムなどの金属、ヨウ化銅、硫化銅などの無機導電性物質、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、ポリアニリンなどの導電性ポリマーなど特に限定されるものでないが、ITOガラスやネサガラスを用いることが特に望ましい。これらの電極材料は、単独で用いてもよいが、複数の材料を積層または混合して用いてもよい。
陰極に用いる材料は、電子を効率よく発光層に注入できる物質であれば特に限定されない。一般的には白金、金、銀、銅、鉄、錫、アルミニウム、インジウムなどの金属、またはこれらの金属とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムなどの低仕事関数金属との合金や多層積層などが好ましい。中でも、主成分としてはアルミニウム、銀、マグネシウムが電気抵抗値や製膜しやすさ、膜の安定性、発光効率などの面から好ましい。特にマグネシウムと銀で構成されると、本発明における電子輸送層および電子注入層への電子注入が容易になり、低電圧駆動が可能になるため好ましい。
陰極保護のために、陰極上に保護層(キャップ層)を積層することが好ましい。保護層を構成する材料としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、白金、金、銀、銅、鉄、錫、アルミニウムおよびインジウムなどの金属、これら金属を用いた合金、シリカ、チタニアおよび窒化ケイ素などの無機物、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ塩化ビニル、炭化水素系高分子化合物などの有機高分子化合物などが挙げられる。ただし、発光素子が、陰極側から光を取り出す素子構造(トップエミッション構造)である場合は、保護層に用いられる材料は、可視光領域で光透過性のある材料から選択される。
正孔注入層は陽極と正孔輸送層の間に挿入される層である。正孔注入層は1層であっても複数の層が積層されていてもどちらでもよい。正孔輸送層と陽極の間に正孔注入層が存在すると、より低電圧駆動し、耐久寿命も向上するだけでなく、さらに素子のキャリアバランスが向上して発光効率も向上するため好ましい。
正孔輸送層は、陽極から注入された正孔を発光層まで輸送する層である。正孔輸送層は単層であっても複数の層が積層されて構成されていてもどちらでもよい。
発光層は、単一の材料で構成されていてもよいが、第一の化合物と、強い発光を示すドーパントである第二の化合物とを有することが好ましい。第一の化合物として、例えば電荷移動を担うホスト材料や、熱活性化遅延蛍光性の化合物が好適な例として挙げられる。また一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表されるピロメテン金属錯体は、特に優れた蛍光量子収率を有していること、および発光スペクトルの半値幅が狭いことから、発光層のドーパントである第二の化合物として用いることが好ましい。
S1(正孔輸送性の第三の化合物)>S1(第一の化合物)(式2)
T1(電子輸送性の第三の化合物)>T1(第一の化合物)(式3)
T1(正孔輸送性の第三の化合物)>T1(第一の化合物)(式4)
ここで、S1はそれぞれの化合物の励起一重項状態のエネルギー準位、T1はそれぞれの化合物の励起三重項状態のエネルギー準位を表している。
-フェニル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)フェニル]-9H-カルバゾー
ル(CO11)、2,2’,2’’-(1,3,5-ベンゼントリイル)トリス(1-フェニル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール)(TPBI)、2-[3-(ジベンゾチオフェン-4-イル)フェニル]-1-フェニル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール(mDBTBIm-II)などのポリアゾール骨格を有する複素環化合物、2-[3-(ジベンゾチオフェン-4-イル)フェニル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(2mDBTPDBq-II)、2-[3’-(ジベンゾチオフェン-4-イル)ビフェニル-3-イル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(2mDBTBPDBq-II)、2-[4-(3,6-ジフェニル-9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)フェニル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(2CzPDBq-III)、7-[3-(ジベンゾチオフェン-4-イル)フェニル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(7mDBTPDBq-II)、及び6-[3-(ジベンゾチオフェン-4-イル)フェニル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(6mDBTPDBq-II)、2-[3’-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)ビフェニル-3-イル]ジベンゾ[f,h]キノキサリン(2mCzBPDBq)などのキノキサリン骨格又はジベンゾキノキサリン骨格を有する複素環化合物、4,6-ビス[3-(フェナントレン-9-イル)フェニル]ピリミジン(4,6mPnP2Pm)、4,6-ビス[3-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)フ
ェニル]ピリミジン(4,6mCzP2Pm)、4,6-ビス[3-(4-ジベンゾチエニル)フェニル]ピリミジン(4,6mDBTP2Pm-II)などのジアジン骨格(ピリミジン骨格やピラジン骨格)を有する複素環化合物、3,5-ビス[3-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)フェニル]ピリジン(3,5DCzPPy)、1,3,5-トリ[3-(3-ピリジル)フェニル]ベンゼン(TmPyPB)、3,3’,5,5’-テトラ[(m-ピリジル)-フェン-3-イル]ビフェニル(BP4mPy)などのピリジン骨格を有する複素環化合物が例示される。
本発明において、電子輸送層とは、陰極から電子が注入され、さらに電子を輸送する層である。電子輸送層には、電子注入効率が高く、注入された電子を効率良く輸送することが望まれる。そのため電子輸送層に用いられる材料には、電子親和力が大きく、しかも電子移動度が大きく、さらに安定性に優れ、トラップとなる不純物が製造時および使用時に発生しにくい物質であることが要求される。特に膜厚を厚く積層する場合には、低分子量の化合物は結晶化するなどして膜質が劣化しやすいため、安定な膜質を保つ分子量400以上の化合物が好ましい。
本発明において、陰極と電子輸送層の間に電子注入層を設けてもよい。一般的に電子注入層は陰極から電子輸送層への電子の注入を助ける目的で挿入されるが、挿入する場合は、電子受容性窒素を含むヘテロアリール環構造を有する化合物を用いてもよいし、上記のドナー性材料を含有する層を用いてもよい。
本発明における電荷発生層は、一つの層で形成されていてもよく、複数の層が積層されて形成されていてもよい。また一般的に電荷として電子を発生しやすいものはn型電荷発生層と呼ばれ、正孔を発生しやすいものはp型電荷発生層と呼ばれる。電荷発生層は二重層からなることが好ましい。具体的には、n型電荷発生層およびp型電荷発生層からなるpn接合電荷発生層として用いることが好ましい。上記pn接合型電荷発生層は発光素子中で電圧が印加されることにより電荷を発生、または電荷を正孔および電子に分離し、これらの正孔および電子を正孔輸送層および電子輸送層を経由して発光層に注入する。具体的には、発光層が積層された発光素子において中間層の電荷発生層として機能する。n型電荷発生層は陽極側に存在する第一発光層に電子を供給し、p型電荷発生層は陰極側に存在する第二発光層に正孔を供給する。そのため、複数の発光層を積層した発光素子における発光効率を改善でき、駆動電圧を下げることができ、素子の耐久性も向上する。
アクセプター性化合物が好適に用いられ、具体的には1,4,5,8,9,11-ヘキサアザトリフェニレン-ヘキサカルボニトリル(HAT-CN6)、テトラフルオレ-7,7,8,8-テトラシアノキノジメタン(F4-TCNQ)、テトラシアノキノジメタン誘導体、ラジアレン誘導体、ヨウ素、FeCl3、FeF3、およびSbCl5などを用いることができる。特に好ましくは、1,4,5,8,9,11-ヘキサアザトリフェニレン-ヘキサカルボニトリル(HAT-CN6)、または(2E,2’E,2’’E)-2,2’,2’’-(シクロプロパン-1,2,3-トリイリデン)トリス(2-(ペルフルオロフェニル)-アセトニトリル)、(2E,2’E,2’’E)-2,2’,2’’-(シクロプロパン-1,2,3-トリイリデン)トリス(2-(4-シアノペルフルオロフェニル)-アセトニトリル)などのラジアレン誘導体である。上記アクセプター性化合物は単独で薄膜を形成してもよい。この場合、アクセプター性化合物の薄膜は膜厚10nm以下であることがより好ましい。p型ホストとして好ましくはアリールアミン誘導体である。
化合物D-1の合成方法
3-(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,4,5,6-テトラヒドロベンゾ[6,7]シクロヘプタ[1,2-b]ピロール4.50gと、1-ナフトイルクロリド3.25gと、o-キシレン70mlとの混合溶液を、窒素気流下、130℃で5時間加熱攪拌した。室温に冷却後、メタノールを添加し、析出した固体をろ過し、真空乾燥して、2-(1-ナフトイル)-3-(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,4,5,6-テトラヒドロベンゾ[6,7]シクロヘプタ[1,2-b]ピロール5.60gを得た。
化合物D-1は、油拡散ポンプを用いて1×10-3Paの圧力下、270℃で昇華精製を行ってから発光素子材料として使用した。
吸収スペクトル(溶媒:トルエン):λmax 584nm
蛍光スペクトル(溶媒:トルエン):λmax 607nm、半値幅 35nm。
化合物D-2の合成方法
3-(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,4,5,6-テトラヒドロベンゾ[6,7]シクロヘプタ[1,2-b]ピロール0.36gと、2,4,6-トリメチルベンズアルデヒド0.09gと、ジクロロメタン30mlとの混合溶液に、トリフルオロ酢酸2滴を加え、窒素気流下、室温で2時間撹拌した。その後、水50mlを添加し、ジクロロメタン50mlで抽出した。有機層を水50mlで洗浄した後、硫酸マグネシウムを添加し、ろ過した。ろ液をエバポレーターにより溶媒を除去し、ピロメタン体0.38gを得た。
化合物D-2は、油拡散ポンプを用いて1×10-3Paの圧力下、270℃で昇華精製を行ってから発光素子材料として使用した。
蛍光スペクトル(溶媒:トルエン):λmax 605nm、半値幅 35nm。
(蛍光ボトムエミッション型発光素子評価)
ITO透明導電膜を165nm堆積させたガラス基板(ジオマテック(株)製、11Ω/□、スパッタ品)を38×46mmに切断し、エッチングを行った。得られた基板を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。この基板を素子作製の直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して、装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、まず正孔注入層として、HAT-CN6を5nm、続いて正孔輸送層として、HT-1を50nm蒸着した。次に、発光層として、ホスト材料としてH-1(第一の化合物)を、またドーパント材料として化合物D-1(第二の化合物)をドープ濃度が0.5重量%になるようにして20nmの厚さに蒸着した。さらに電子輸送層としてET-1を、ドナー性材料として2E-1を用い、ET-1と2E-1の蒸着速度比が1:1になるようにして35nmの厚さに積層した。次に、電子注入層として2E-1を0.5nm蒸着した後、マグネシウムと銀を1000nm共蒸着して陰極とし、5×5mm角のボトムエミッション型発光素子を作製した。
ドーパント材料として表1に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして発光素子を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
(TADFボトムエミッション型発光素子評価)
ITO透明導電膜を165nm堆積させたガラス基板(ジオマテック(株)製、11Ω/□、スパッタ品)を38×46mmに切断し、エッチングを行った。得られた基板を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。この基板を、素子を作製する直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して、装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、まず正孔注入層として、HAT-CN6を10nm、続いて正孔輸送層として、HT-1を180nm蒸着した。次に、発光層として、ホスト材料H-2(第三の化合物)と、化合物D-1(第二の化合物)と、TADF材料である化合物H-3(第一の化合物)とを、重量比で80:0.5:19.5になるようにして、40nmの厚さに蒸着した。さらに電子輸送層として、電子輸送材料に化合物ET-1を、ドナー性材料として2E-1を用い、化合物ET-1と2E-1の蒸着速度比が1:1になるようにして35nmの厚さに積層した。次に、電子注入層として2E-1を0.5nm蒸着した後、マグネシウムと銀を1000nm共蒸着して陰極とし、5×5mm角のボトムエミッション型発光素子を作製した。
S1(H-2):3.4eV
T1(H-2):2.6eV
S1(H-3):2.3eV
T1(H-3):2.2eV。
ドーパント材料として表3に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例47と同様にして発光素子を作製し、評価した。結果を表3に示す。
(TADFトップエミッション型発光素子評価)
金属アルミニウムによる反射膜100nmとITO透明導電膜50nmを順に堆積させたガラス基板(ジオマテック(株)製、11Ω/□、スパッタ品)を38×46mmに切断し、エッチングを行った。得られた基板を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。この基板を、素子を作製する直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して、装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、ITO導電膜上に、まず正孔注入層としてHAT-CN6を10nm、続いて正孔輸送層としてHT-1を125nm蒸着した。次に、発光層として、ホスト材料H-2(第三の化合物)と、化合物D-1(第二の化合物)と、TADF材料である化合物H-3(第一の化合物)とを、重量比で80:0.5:19.5になるようにして、20nmの厚さに蒸着した。さらに電子輸送層として、電子輸送材料に化合物ET-1を、ドナー性材料として2E-1を用い、化合物ET-1と2E-1の蒸着速度比が1:1になるようにして30nmの厚さに積層した。次に、電子注入層として2E-1を1nm蒸着した後、マグネシウムと銀を20nm共蒸着して陰極とし、5×5mm角のトップエミッション型発光素子を作製した。
ドーパント材料として表4に記載した化合物を用いた以外は実施例73と同様にして発光素子を作製し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
(ドープ薄膜の発光特性測定)
石英ガラス板(10×10mm)を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄し、乾燥した。このガラス板を素子作製の直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、ホスト材料としてmCBPを、またドーパント材料として化合物D-1をドープ濃度が1重量%になるようにして500nmの厚さに蒸着し、1重量%ドープ薄膜を得た。同様の方法により、2重量%ドープ薄膜と4重量%ドープ薄膜を得た。
また、1重量%、2重量%、4重量%のそれぞれのドープ薄膜について、蛍光量子収率測定装置C11347-01(浜松ホトニクス(株)製)を用いて、励起光540nmにおける蛍光量子収率を求めた。またドープ濃度1%のときの蛍光量子収率を1とした時の各ドープ濃度における蛍光量子収率の比率をQY比として、以下の式により求めた。
[x=1、2、または4]
以下に結果を示す。
ドープ濃度 1重量%; 蛍光量子収率 70%、QY比=1
ドープ濃度 2重量%; 蛍光量子収率 59%、QY比=0.84
ドープ濃度 4重量%; 蛍光量子収率 49%、QY比=0.70。
ドーパント材料として表5に記載の化合物を用いた以外は実施例82と同様にしてドープ薄膜の蛍光量子収率およびQY比を求めた。結果を表5に示す。
(2種のホスト材料を用いたTADFボトムエミッション型発光素子評価)
ITO透明導電膜を165nm堆積させたガラス基板(ジオマテック(株)製、11Ω/□、スパッタ品)を38×46mmに切断し、エッチングを行った。得られた基板を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。この基板を、素子を作製する直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して、装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、まず正孔注入層として、HAT-CN6を10nm、続いて正孔輸送層として、HT-1を180nm蒸着した。次に、発光層として、第一のホスト材料H-2(正孔輸送性の第三の化合物)と、第二のホスト材料H-4(電子輸送性の第三の化合物)と、化合物D-1(第二の化合物)と、TADF材料である化合物H-3(第一の化合物)とを、重量比で40:40:0.5:19.5になるようにして、40nmの厚さに蒸着した。さらに電子輸送層として、電子輸送材料に化合物ET-1を、ドナー性材料として2E-1を用い、化合物ET-1と2E-1の蒸着速度比が1:1になるようにして35nmの厚さに積層した。次に、電子注入層として2E-1を0.5nm蒸着した後、マグネシウムと銀を1000nm共蒸着して陰極とし、5×5mm角のボトムエミッション型発光素子を作製した。
S1(H-2):3.4eV
T1(H-2):2.6eV
S1(H-4):3.9eV
T1(H-4):2.8eV。
(タンデム型蛍光発光素子評価)
ITO透明導電膜を165nm堆積させたガラス基板(ジオマテック(株)製、11Ω/□、スパッタ品)を38×46mmに切断し、エッチングを行った。得られた基板を“セミコクリーン56”(商品名、フルウチ化学(株)製)で15分間超音波洗浄してから、超純水で洗浄した。この基板を、素子を作製する直前に1時間UV-オゾン処理し、真空蒸着装置内に設置して、装置内の真空度が5×10-4Pa以下になるまで排気した。抵抗加熱法によって、まず正孔注入層として、HAT-CN6を5nm、続いて正孔輸送層として、HT-1を50nm蒸着した。次に、発光層として、ホスト材料としてH-1(第一の化合物)を、またドーパント材料として化合物D-1(第二の化合物)をドープ濃度が0.5重量%になるようにして20nmの厚さに蒸着した。さらに電子輸送層として、電子輸送材料に化合物ET-1を、ドナー性材料として2E-1を用い、化合物ET-1と2E-1の蒸着速度比が1:1になるようにして35nmの厚さに積層した。続いてn型電荷発生層としてn型ホストに化合物ET-2を、n型ドーパントに金属リチウムを用い、化合物ET-2と金属リチウムの蒸着速度比が99:1になるようにして10nm積層した。さらにp型電荷発光層としてHAT-CN6を10nm積層した。その上に上記と同様に正孔輸送層としてHT-1を50nm、発光層としてホスト材料H-1に化合物D-1が0.5重量%ドープされた薄膜を20nm、電子輸送層としてET-1と2E-1の比率が1:1となる薄膜35nmを順に蒸着した。次に、電子注入層として2E-1を0.5nm蒸着した後、マグネシウムと銀を1000nm共蒸着して陰極とし、5×5mm角のタンデム型蛍光発光素子を作製した。
Claims (20)
- 一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表されるピロメテン金属錯体。
(Xは、C-R5またはNである。
R1~R5は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、シロキサニル基、ボリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、および隣接基との間の環構造の中から選ばれる。ただし、R3とR4とで環構造が形成される場合、その環構造は単環である。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。ただしY1がトリメチレン基である場合、R1は水素原子およびハロゲンではない。
Ar1およびAr2は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素環、および置換もしくは無置換の芳香族複素環の中から選ばれる。
Y1は、3個以上の原子が直列に結合した架橋構造であり、前記原子が、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子、置換もしくは無置換のケイ素原子、置換もしくは無置換の窒素原子、置換もしくは無置換のリン原子、酸素原子、および硫黄原子の中から選ばれる。さらにこれらの原子は隣接原子との間に二重結合を形成してもよい。
Z1は、1個以上の原子が結合した架橋構造であり、前記原子が、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子、置換もしくは無置換のケイ素原子、置換もしくは無置換の窒素原子、置換もしくは無置換のリン原子、酸素原子、および硫黄原子の中から選ばれる。さらにこれらの原子は隣接原子との間に二重結合を形成してもよい。
Mはm価の金属を表し、ホウ素、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、クロム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、マンガン、白金から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。
Lはそれぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン、およびシアノ基の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。) - 前記一般式(1)または一般式(2)のMがホウ素であり、mが3である請求項1に記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
- Y1が3個の原子が直列に結合した架橋構造である請求項1または2に記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
- 前記XがC-R5である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
- 前記R5が一般式(6)で表される請求項5に記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
(***は炭素原子との結合部を示す。R51およびR52はそれぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基の群の中から選ばれる。R53~R55はそれぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、および隣接基との間の環構造の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。) - 一般式(1)または一般式(2)におけるR1が、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、および置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基の中から選ばれる、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
- 一般式(7A)~(7M)のいずれかで表される請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体。
(R21~R25は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アリール基、およびヘテロアリール基の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。ただしR101~R106がすべて水素原子である場合、R21は水素原子およびハロゲンではない。
R31~R39は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、シロキサニル基、ボリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、および隣接基との間の環構造の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。
R101~R118は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、シロキサニル基、ボリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、オキソ基の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。また、R101~R106の中から選ばれる任意の2個の置換基の間、またはR107~R112の中から選ばれる任意の2個の置換基の間、またはR113~R116の中から選ばれる任意の2個の置換基の間、またはR117とR118の間で環構造を形成してもよい。
R201~R202は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、ハロゲン、およびシアノ基の中から選ばれる。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。
Ar3およびAr4は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素環、および置換もしくは無置換の芳香族複素環の中から選ばれる。) - 一般式(8)または一般式(9)で表されるピロメテン化合物。
(Xは、C-R5またはNである。
R1~R5は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、複素環基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、水酸基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アリールエーテル基、アリールチオエーテル基、ハロゲン、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、エステル基、アミド基、アシル基、スルホニル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホンアミド基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シリル基、シロキサニル基、ボリル基、ホスフィンオキシド基、および隣接基との間の環構造の中から選ばれる。ただし、R3とR4とで環構造が形成される場合、その環構造は単環である。これらの官能基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。ただしY2がトリメチレン基である場合、R1は水素原子およびハロゲンではない。
Ar1およびAr2は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよく、置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素環、および置換もしくは無置換の芳香族複素環の中から選ばれる。
Y1は、3個以上の原子が直列に結合した架橋構造であり、前記原子が、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子、置換もしくは無置換のケイ素原子、置換もしくは無置換の窒素原子、置換もしくは無置換のリン原子、酸素原子、および硫黄原子の中から選ばれる。さらにこれらの原子は隣接原子との間に二重結合を形成してもよい。
Z1は、1個以上の原子が結合した架橋構造であり、前記原子が、置換もしくは無置換の炭素原子、置換もしくは無置換のケイ素原子、置換もしくは無置換の窒素原子、置換もしくは無置換のリン原子、酸素原子、および硫黄原子の中から選ばれる。さらにこれらの原子は隣接原子との間に二重結合を形成してもよい。) - 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体を含有する発光素子材料。
- 陽極と陰極の間に発光層が存在し、電気エネルギーにより発光する発光素子であって、前記発光層に請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体を含有する発光素子。
- 前記発光層が第一の化合物とドーパントである第二の化合物を有し、第二の化合物が請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のピロメテン金属錯体である請求項11に記載の発光素子。
- 前記第一の化合物が、熱活性化遅延蛍光性の化合物である請求項11または12に記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光層がさらに第三の化合物を含み、第三の化合物の励起一重項エネルギーが前記第一の化合物の励起一重項エネルギーよりも大きい請求項13に記載の発光素子。
- 前記第三の化合物が2種類以上の材料により構成されている請求項14に記載の発光素子。
- 陽極と陰極の間に少なくとも2つ以上の発光層を有し、それぞれの発光層と発光層の間には少なくとも1層以上の電荷発生層を有する請求項11~15のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光素子が、トップエミッション型有機電界発光素子である請求項11~17のいずれかに記載の発光素子。
- 請求項11~18のいずれかに記載の発光素子を含む表示装置。
- 請求項11~18のいずれかに記載の発光素子を含む照明装置。
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