WO2020183664A1 - Élément de frottement, composition de matériau de frottement, matériau de frottement et véhicule - Google Patents

Élément de frottement, composition de matériau de frottement, matériau de frottement et véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020183664A1
WO2020183664A1 PCT/JP2019/010339 JP2019010339W WO2020183664A1 WO 2020183664 A1 WO2020183664 A1 WO 2020183664A1 JP 2019010339 W JP2019010339 W JP 2019010339W WO 2020183664 A1 WO2020183664 A1 WO 2020183664A1
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Prior art keywords
friction material
friction
fiber
mass
copper
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PCT/JP2019/010339
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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佑介 矢澤
暁仁 真柄
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日立化成株式会社
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Priority to JP2021504721A priority Critical patent/JP7464039B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2019/010339 priority patent/WO2020183664A1/fr
Publication of WO2020183664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020183664A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to friction members, friction material compositions, friction materials and vehicles.
  • Friction materials such as disc brake pads and brake linings are used for braking in vehicles such as automobiles. These friction materials obtain a braking force by rubbing against a disc rotor, a brake drum, or the like which is a mating material. Therefore, the friction material is required not only to have an appropriate coefficient of friction (effectiveness characteristic) according to the usage conditions, but also to prevent brake squeal in a wide frequency band from low frequency to high frequency (squealing characteristic), and friction. A long life of the material (wear resistance) is required.
  • the friction material is a semi-metallic material containing 30 to 60% by mass of steel fiber as a fiber base material, a low steel material containing less than 30% by mass of steel fiber, and a NAO (Non-Asbestos Organic) material containing no steel fiber. It is roughly divided into. However, a friction material containing a small amount of steel fiber may also be classified as a NAO material.
  • the NAO material is generally one containing copper in the form of powder or fiber.
  • friction materials containing copper, copper alloys, etc. may contaminate rivers, lakes, etc. because copper is contained in the abrasion powder generated during braking. Therefore, in the states of California and Washington in the United States, a bill prohibiting the sale of friction materials containing 5% by mass or more of copper after 2021 and 0.5% by mass or more of copper after 2023 and their assembly into new vehicles. has been passed, and in order to respond to this, there is an urgent need to develop NAO materials that do not contain copper or have a low copper content.
  • One of the typical functions of copper is to impart thermal conductivity. Since copper has high thermal conductivity, the heat generated during braking is diffused from the friction interface to suppress wear due to excessive temperature rise.
  • the second typical function of copper is the protection of the friction interface during high temperature braking. Since copper has high ductility and malleability, it extends to the surface of the friction material by braking to form a film. As a result, it is possible to reduce the wear of the friction material during high-speed high-temperature braking and to develop a stable friction coefficient. Further, since the copper spreading film easily holds the abrasive, a good friction coefficient can be exhibited even during low-speed low-temperature braking. Therefore, in order to develop a NAO material that does not contain copper or has a low copper content, a copper alternative technology is required from the viewpoints of improving thermal conductivity, protecting the interface, and retaining the abrasive as described above. ..
  • NAO materials that do not contain copper or have a low copper content (1) from low frequencies to high frequencies. Brake squeal and abnormal noise are less likely to occur due to having a stable friction coefficient in a wide frequency band of [Characteristics (1)], and (2) NAO material having a high friction coefficient is required. ..
  • an abrasive having a high Mohs hardness such as a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, and on the other hand, such an abrasive having a high Mohs hardness is used.
  • NAO containing stabilized or partially stabilized zirconia having a purity of 99.0% by weight or more is an object of the present invention to provide an NAO material having a stable friction coefficient even under harsh conditions such as fading.
  • the material is invented, and paragraph [0028] teaches that brake vibration and increased wear due to scraping the rotor can be avoided by not containing an inorganic substance having a Mohs hardness of 7 or more.
  • Patent Document 2 it is an object to provide a friction material which can obtain stable effect for a long period of time and does not deteriorate the friction coefficient and brake squeal, and a friction material containing an organic material containing a carbon element and an inorganic fiber.
  • the total content of the organic material is 30% by mass or less of the total friction material composition
  • the inorganic fiber is a defibrated biosoluble inorganic fiber having a moth hardness of 5 or more and 7 or less.
  • the NAO material described in Patent Document 1 needs to use a special zirconia for stabilizing the friction coefficient, and there is a problem that the composition design of the NAO material is greatly restricted. Further, the NAO material described in Patent Document 1 is insufficient in suppressing brake squeal and abnormal noise.
  • the friction material described in Patent Document 2 is certainly excellent in the stability of the friction coefficient and has a high friction coefficient, but it is the result of the composition containing aluminum powder which is a metal material. If there is an NAO material that can achieve both the above-mentioned characteristics (1) and (2) even if it does not contain metal powder, it is preferable because the range of composition design is widened in the development of the NAO material.
  • the subject of the present invention is (1) a wide range of frequencies from low frequency to high frequency, even if it does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper and the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element.
  • a friction member having a friction material having a high friction coefficient, a friction material composition capable of providing the friction material the above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction material and a vehicle equipped with the friction member or the friction material.
  • the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved if the friction material does not substantially contain a substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 and contains wollastonite as a mineral fiber.
  • the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention relates to the following [1] to [27].
  • a friction member having a friction material and a back metal does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and a substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 is substantially contained.
  • a friction member that contains wollastonite as a mineral fiber [2] The friction member according to the above [1], wherein the friction material contains one or more mineral fibers other than the wollastonite. [3] The friction member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the friction material contains two or more kinds of mineral fibers other than the wollastonite.
  • Friction member [12] The above-mentioned [1] to [11], wherein the friction material contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an inorganic filler, an organic filler, a fiber base material and a binder. Friction member. [13] A vehicle equipped with the friction member according to any one of the above [1] to [12]. [14] Copper is not contained, or even if it is contained, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and substantially no substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 is contained. A friction material composition containing wollastonite as a mineral fiber. [15] The friction material composition according to the above [14], which contains at least one mineral fiber other than the wollastonite.
  • the mineral fibers other than the wollastonite contain [I] mineral fibers having an average fiber length of more than 200 ⁇ m and [II] mineral fibers having an average fiber length of 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • the present invention even if copper is not contained or is contained but the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, (1) in a wide frequency band from low frequency to high frequency. Having a stable friction coefficient makes it difficult for brake squeal and abnormal noise to occur, and (2) a friction member having a friction material having a high friction coefficient, a friction material composition capable of providing the friction material, and the friction material. , And a vehicle equipped with the friction member or the friction material can be provided.
  • the friction member, friction material and friction material composition of the present invention do not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, that is, substantially copper. Since it does not contain it, it is environmentally friendly.
  • the friction member the friction material composition, the friction material, and the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • the components are not essential unless otherwise specified.
  • the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
  • the content of each component in the friction material composition is the plurality of substances present in the friction material composition when a plurality of substances corresponding to the respective components are present, unless otherwise specified. Means the total content of the species substance.
  • the "normal braking time” means a time when the vehicle is traveling at a speed of 20 to 50 km / h and braking is performed with a hydraulic pressure of 2 to 4 MPa
  • the "high speed braking time” means a time when the speed is 100 to 200 km / h. This refers to the time when braking is performed with a hydraulic pressure of 2 to 4 MPa while traveling at.
  • the present invention also includes aspects in which the items described in the present specification are arbitrarily combined.
  • the friction member according to the present embodiment is a friction member having a friction material and a back metal, and the friction material does not contain copper, or even if the friction material contains copper, the copper content is 0.5 mass as a copper element. It is a friction member which is less than% and substantially does not contain a substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4, and contains wollastonite as a mineral fiber.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of copper is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, so that it is environmentally friendly.
  • the above-mentioned "copper” is a fibrous or powdery copper; a copper element contained in a copper alloy, a copper compound, or the like, and the “copper content” indicates the content with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
  • the copper content is preferably 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.2% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the friction material. It is particularly preferable that it does not contain copper.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment substantially does not contain a substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4.
  • the substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 include metal oxides having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 such as zirconium oxide (Mohs hardness 7) and aluminum oxide (Mohs hardness 9); zirconium silicate (Mohs hardness 7.5) and the like. Examples thereof include metal silicates having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4.
  • examples of the substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 include an abrasive having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 (or 6.5 or more).
  • substantially free means that it is not contained at all, that is, it is 0% by mass, for example, 0.05% by mass or less (in some cases, 0.03% by mass or less). It may be 0.01% by mass or less), and it also includes a case where the content is of little significance.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment contains wollastonite as a mineral fiber after satisfying the above conditions. That is, the wollastonite is a fibrous wollastonite.
  • the fibrous wollastonite refers to a naturally-produced silicate mineral containing CaSiO 3 as a main component, which is pulverized and classified into a fibrous form.
  • the average fiber length of the fibrous wollastonite is preferably 20 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 850 ⁇ m, still more preferably 40 to 850 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high coefficient of friction.
  • the average fiber diameter of the fibrous wollastonite is preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high friction coefficient.
  • the lower limit of the average fiber diameter is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more.
  • 50 inorganic fibers to be used are randomly selected for the average fiber length and the average fiber diameter, respectively, the fiber length and the fiber diameter are measured with an optical microscope, and the average values obtained from the measurements are shown. If it is a commercially available product, the catalog value can be referred to.
  • a fiber diameter refers to the diameter of a fiber.
  • the average aspect ratio (average fiber length / average fiber diameter) of the fibrous wollastonite is not particularly limited, but is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 8 to 20, still more preferably 9 to 20, and so on. Especially preferably, it is 10 to 16.
  • the average aspect ratio means the d50 value (cumulative median value of volume distribution).
  • the fibrous wollastonite may be surface-treated with aminosilane, epoxysilane, or the like in order to enhance the affinity with the binder.
  • the content of the wollastonite in the friction material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 with respect to the total amount of the friction material from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high friction coefficient. It is -10% by mass, more preferably 4 to 10% by mass, still more preferably 5 to 9% by mass, and particularly preferably 6.0 to 8.5% by mass.
  • the wollastonite may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an inorganic filler, an organic filler, a fiber base material and a binder.
  • an inorganic filler an organic filler
  • a fiber base material a fiber base material
  • a binder a substance having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4.
  • an inorganic filler refers to an inorganic filler having a Mohs hardness of 6.4 or less (preferably a Mohs hardness of 6 or less as described later).
  • Mohs hardness 6.4 or less (preferably a Mohs hardness of 6 or less as described later).
  • each component other than the wollastonite contained in the friction material of the present embodiment will be described in detail in order.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains an inorganic filler.
  • the inorganic filler can exhibit a function as a friction adjusting material for avoiding deterioration of heat resistance, wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and the like of the friction material.
  • the inorganic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (that is, inorganic fibers described later). Since the hardness of the disc rotor, which is the mating material, is generally cast iron with a Mohs hardness of about 4.5, an inorganic filler having a Mohs hardness of 5 or more acts as an abrasive and has the effect of increasing the coefficient of friction. Have.
  • the inorganic filler is an inorganic filler having a Mohs hardness of 6.4 or less and an inorganic filler having a Mohs hardness of 6 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high coefficient of friction. preferable.
  • the inorganic filler one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • examples of the inorganic filler include titanates such as potassium titanate, lithium potassium titanate, sodium titanate, and magnesium potassium titanate; bismuth sulfide, antimony trisulfide, tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, and sulfide.
  • Metal sulfides such as zinc, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide; magnesium oxide, mica, graphite, coke, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, dolomite, vermiculite, calcium sulfate, talc, Clay, zeolite, chromate, triiron tetroxide, zinc oxide; metals such as iron powder, cast iron powder, aluminum powder, nickel powder, tin powder, zinc powder, and alloy powder containing at least one of the metals. Examples include powder.
  • the inorganic filler preferably contains at least one selected from these, and from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high friction coefficient, magnesium oxide, graphite, and titanic acid. It is more preferable to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of salts, metal sulfides, mica, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and barium sulfate, and magnesium oxide, graphite, potassium titanate, tin sulfide, mica and carbon dioxide.
  • the inorganic filler preferably does not contain copper and iron-based metals.
  • the total content of the inorganic filler in the friction material of the present embodiment is 40 to 85% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material from the viewpoint of heat resistance, wear resistance, stability of friction coefficient and the like of the friction material.
  • the preferable inorganic filler will be described in detail in order.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains graphite as an inorganic filler. By containing graphite, excellent thermal conductivity can be imparted to the friction material.
  • the graphite is not particularly limited, and any known graphite, that is, natural graphite or artificial graphite can be used.
  • the average particle size of graphite is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 40 ⁇ m, still more preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • two or more kinds of graphite having different average particle diameters may be used in combination.
  • the average particle size of graphite When the average particle size of graphite is at least the above lower limit value, it tends to be suppressed that the thermal conductivity is excessively increased, and the frictional heat is easily transferred to the back plate side to prevent vapor lock. .. On the other hand, if it is not more than the upper limit value, the thermal conductivity is improved, the curing of the binder during molding is promoted, and the strength tends to be excellent.
  • graphite whose average particle diameter is out of the above range may be used.
  • the average particle size means the value of d50 (median diameter of volume distribution, cumulative median value) measured by using the method of measuring the diffraction particle size distribution by laser, and the same applies hereinafter.
  • the average particle size can be measured by, for example, a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device, trade name: LA.920 (manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
  • the content thereof is preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, and 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. More preferably, 3 to 8% by mass is particularly preferable. If the graphite content is at least the lower limit, the thermal conductivity tends to be improved, and if it is at least the upper limit, the excessive increase in thermal conductivity is suppressed and the decrease in friction coefficient is suppressed. It tends to be easy.
  • the titanate includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium titanate (potassium 6-titanium, potassium 8-titanate), lithium potassium titanate, potassium magnesium titanate and sodium titanate. It is preferable, and it is more preferable to contain potassium titanate.
  • the shape of the titanate is not particularly limited, but is preferably non-needle-shaped from the viewpoint of avoiding harm to the human body.
  • the non-needle-shaped titanium salt means a plate-shaped titanium salt having a polygonal, circular, elliptical shape, or an indefinite shape.
  • the shape of the titanate can be analyzed, for example, by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Since titaniumate has a low Mohs hardness of about 4 and a relatively high melting point of 1,000 ° C. or higher, it is possible to reduce an increase in wear of the friction material by intervening at the friction interface during high-speed high-temperature braking.
  • the content thereof is preferably 2 to 25% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, and 3 to 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. More preferably, 5 to 12% by mass is particularly preferable. If the content of titanium salt is at least the lower limit value, the friction coefficient tends to be good during high-speed high-temperature braking, and if it is at least the upper limit value, the decrease in friction coefficient during low-speed low-temperature braking is suppressed. There is a tendency to do it.
  • Metal sulfide examples include bismuth sulfide, antimony trisulfide, tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide, manganese sulfide, and the like, and at least one selected from the group consisting of these. It is preferable to have.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of bismuth sulfide, tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, zinc sulfide, tungsten sulfide and manganese sulfide should be contained from the viewpoint of less harmfulness to the human body. Is preferable, and it is more preferable to contain tin sulfide from the viewpoint of stability of the friction coefficient during normal braking.
  • One type of metal sulfide may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 6% by mass, and 1 to 1 to 6% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. 5% by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 4% by mass is particularly preferable. If the content of the metal sulfide is at least the lower limit value, rotor wear tends to be suppressed, and if it is at least the upper limit value, a decrease in the friction coefficient tends to be suppressed.
  • mica examples include phlogopite (phlogopite), biotite (biotite), mascotite and synthetic mica.
  • phlogopite phlogopite
  • biotite biotite
  • mascotite synthetic mica.
  • Frogopite is known as soft mica and has a composition formula of KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 .
  • Biotite composition formula: K (Mg, Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2
  • Phlogopite and biotite have a Mohs hardness of 2.0 to 2.5, and are characterized by being relatively soft among mica.
  • the molar ratio of Mg to Fe (Mg / Fe) in biotight is not particularly limited, and is preferably 50/50 or more, more preferably 60/40 or more, and even more preferably 80/20 or more. Since the case where the molar ratio (Mg / Fe) is 100/0 is phlogopite, the upper limit of the preferable range of the molar ratio (Mg / Fe) is less than 100/0.
  • Muscovite (muscovite, composition formula: KAl 2 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 ) known as hard mica has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3.5, and synthetic mica (Synthetic Mica).
  • the composition formula: KMg 3 (AlSi 3 ) O 10 F 2 ) has a Mohs hardness of 3.4, which is the hardest among mica.
  • the average particle size of mica is not particularly limited, but is preferably 340 to 1,500 ⁇ m, more preferably 450 to 1,300 ⁇ m, and further, from the viewpoint of suppressing low-frequency abnormal noise and less likely to cause wear and cracks. It is preferably 600 to 1,100 ⁇ m.
  • the content thereof is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2 to 8% by mass, still more preferably 3 to 8% by mass, based on the total amount of the friction material. 4 to 7% by mass is particularly preferable.
  • the content of mica is not less than the lower limit value, rotor wear tends to be good, and when it is not more than the upper limit value, a decrease in friction coefficient tends to be suppressed.
  • the strength of the friction material can be improved.
  • the calcium carbonate commercially available calcium carbonate can be used as it is.
  • the calcium carbonate may be surface-treated or may not be surface-treated.
  • the calcium carbonate is not particularly limited, but calcium carbonate having a specific surface area of 1.0 to 60 m 2 / g according to the BET method may be used.
  • the content thereof is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2 to 8% by mass, and further 2 to 6% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. It is preferable, and 3 to 7% by mass is particularly preferable.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment contains calcium hydroxide
  • the content of calcium hydroxide is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass, based on the total amount of the friction material. It is more preferably ⁇ 5% by mass.
  • Barium sulfate The average particle size of barium sulfate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 75 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m. Barium sulfate serves as a mere filler for adjusting the volume of the friction material. That is, the content of barium sulfate depends on the content of other components, and the balance for adjusting the friction material to a predetermined amount can be replenished with barium sulfate.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains an organic filler.
  • the organic filler is contained as a friction modifier for improving the sound vibration performance, wear resistance, etc. of the friction material.
  • the organic filler does not include those having a fiber shape (that is, organic fibers described later).
  • the organic filler one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Examples of the organic filler include cashew particles and rubber components.
  • the cashew particles are obtained by, for example, pulverizing a polymerized and cured cashew nut shell oil, and are also generally referred to as cashew dust.
  • the cashew particles are preferably unmodified cashew particles.
  • Cashew particles are generally classified into brown-based, brown-black-based, black-based, and the like according to the type of curing agent used in the curing reaction. By adjusting the molecular weight and the like of the cashew particles, it is possible to easily control the heat resistance, the sound vibration property, and the film forming property on the rotor which is the mating material.
  • the average particle size of the cashew particles is preferably 850 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 750 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 600 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the average particle size of the cashew particles is not particularly limited, and may be 200 ⁇ m or more, 300 ⁇ m or more, or 400 ⁇ m or more. Needless to say, a numerical range in which the upper limit value and the lower limit value are arbitrarily combined is also included in a preferred embodiment of the average particle size of cashew particles.
  • Commercially available products can be used as the cashew particles. One type of cashew particles may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the content thereof is preferably 1 to 16% by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 10% by mass, and 2 to 7% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. Is more preferable, and 2 to 5% by mass is particularly preferable.
  • the content of cashew particles is within the above range, it tends to be easy to improve the sound vibration performance such as squealing due to the low elasticity of the friction material.
  • Rubber component As the rubber component, known ones used for the friction material can be used, and examples thereof include natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
  • synthetic rubber acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone rubber, and crushed powder of tire tread rubber (rubber powder) may be used.
  • Etc. can be mentioned.
  • acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and crushed tire tread rubber powder (rubber powder) are preferable from the viewpoint of balance between heat resistance, flexibility and manufacturing cost.
  • the content thereof is preferably 0.2 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 10% by mass, and 0.3, based on the total amount of the friction material. It is more preferably from 6% by mass, and particularly preferably from 0.3 to 5% by mass. Further, the upper limit of the content of the rubber component in the above numerical range may be 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or less.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cashew particles and a rubber component, and more preferably a cashew particle and a rubber component are used in combination.
  • cashew particles and a rubber component are used in combination, cashew particles coated with a rubber component may be used, or cashew particles and a rubber component may be mixed separately from the viewpoint of sound vibration performance. Good.
  • the total content thereof is preferably 1.2 to 20% by mass, more preferably 2 to 10% by mass, and 2 to 8% with respect to the total amount of the friction material. Mass% is more preferred.
  • the upper limit of the content of the organic filler in the above numerical range may be 5% by mass or less, or 4% by mass or less.
  • the fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action.
  • the fiber base material include organic fibers and inorganic fibers.
  • the fiber base material one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Since the friction material of the present embodiment contains the above-mentioned mineral fiber wollastonite as an essential inorganic fiber, a fiber base material other than wollastonite will be described below.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains organic fibers.
  • the organic fiber is a fibrous material containing an organic substance as a main component.
  • the organic fiber include hemp, cotton, aramid fiber, cellulose fiber, acrylic fiber, phenol resin fiber (having a crosslinked structure) and the like.
  • One type of organic fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • an aramid fiber is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
  • a fibrillated organic fiber is an organic fiber that has been defibrated and has fluff, and is commercially available.
  • the content thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the total amount of the friction material. %, More preferably 1.5 to 6% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 4% by mass. If it is at least the above lower limit value, good shear strength, crack resistance and wear resistance tend to be exhibited, and if it is at least the above upper limit value, the organic fiber (fibrillated organic fiber) in the friction material composition There is a tendency that deterioration of shear strength and crack resistance due to uneven distribution of other materials can be effectively suppressed.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment may be only the wollastonite as the inorganic fiber, but it is also preferable to contain an inorganic fiber other than the wollastonite.
  • Inorganic fibers can exhibit the effect of improving the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the friction material.
  • the inorganic fiber include mineral fiber (excluding the wollastonite; the same applies hereinafter), glass fiber, metal fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, biodegradable ceramic fiber, sepiolite ( ⁇ -type sepiolite and ⁇ -type). Sepiolite), attapulsite, potassium titanate fiber, silica alumina fiber, flame resistant fiber and the like.
  • the inorganic fiber is preferably a fibrous material containing an inorganic substance other than metal and a metal alloy as a main component, more preferably mineral fiber and glass fiber, and further preferably mineral fiber.
  • an inorganic substance other than metal and a metal alloy as a main component, more preferably mineral fiber and glass fiber, and further preferably mineral fiber.
  • the inorganic fiber one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the mineral fiber is an artificial inorganic fiber melt-spun mainly containing blast furnace slag such as slag wool, basalt such as basalt fiber, and other natural rocks as main components.
  • the mineral fiber include a mineral fiber containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O and the like, or a mineral fiber containing one or more of these compounds.
  • a mineral fiber containing an aluminum element is preferable, a mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 is more preferable, and a mineral fiber containing Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 is further preferable.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably contains one or more mineral fibers other than the wollastonite from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high friction coefficient, and the wollastonite. It is more preferable to contain two or more kinds of mineral fibers other than the above, and it is further preferable to contain two kinds of mineral fibers other than the wollastonite.
  • Rock wool is preferable as the mineral fiber from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of brake squeal and abnormal noise and obtaining a high friction coefficient. That is, the friction material of the present embodiment is at least rock as a mineral fiber other than the wollastonite. It preferably contains wool. Further, the mineral fiber may be surface-treated or may not be surface-treated, and an embodiment in which the surface-treated mineral fiber and the non-surface-treated mineral fiber are used in combination is also preferable.
  • the average fiber length of the mineral fiber is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 to 400 ⁇ m, and further preferably 120 to 340 ⁇ m.
  • [I] mineral fibers having an average fiber length of more than 200 ⁇ m (hereinafter referred to as mineral fibers [I]) and [II] mineral fibers having an average fiber length of 200 ⁇ m or less (hereinafter, referred to as A mode in which it is used in combination with mineral fiber [II]) is also preferable.
  • the mineral fiber [I] is also referred to as a wool-like mineral fiber, and its average fiber length is preferably more than 200 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably more than 200 to 400 ⁇ m, still more preferably more than 200 to 300 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 210 to. It is 250 ⁇ m.
  • the mineral fiber [II] is also referred to as a cut-shaped mineral fiber, and its average fiber length is preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 200 ⁇ m, still more preferably 100 to 180 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 120 to 180 ⁇ m. Is.
  • the content ratio ([I] / [II]) of the mineral fiber [I] and the mineral fiber [II] in the friction material is a mass ratio. It is preferably 5/95 to 50/50, more preferably 10/90 to 45/55, still more preferably 15/85 to 40/60, and particularly preferably 20/80 to 40/60.
  • the average fiber diameter (diameter) of the mineral fiber is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 20 ⁇ m, may be 2 to 15 ⁇ m, or may be 2 to 8 ⁇ m.
  • the mineral fiber is preferably biosoluble from the viewpoint of harm to the human body.
  • the biosoluble mineral fiber referred to here is a mineral fiber having a characteristic that even if it is taken into the human body, it is partially decomposed in a short time and discharged to the outside of the body.
  • the chemical composition is such that the total amount of alkaline oxides and alkaline earth oxides (total amount of oxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and barium) is 18% by mass or more, and (a) short-term inhalation.
  • biodegradable mineral fibers examples include SiO 2- Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO-FeO (-K 2 O-Na 2 O) -based fibers, and SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO. , MgO, FeO, include mineral fibers containing at least two kinds in any combination is selected from K 2 O and Na 2 O or the like.
  • Glass fiber refers to a fiber produced by melting and spinning glass.
  • the glass fiber those whose raw materials are E glass, C glass, S glass, D glass and the like can be used, and among these, glass containing E glass or S glass from the viewpoint of particularly high strength. It is preferable to use fiber.
  • the glass fiber whose surface is treated with aminosilane, epoxysilane or the like is preferable.
  • glass fibers bundled with urethane resin, acrylic resin, phenol resin or the like can be used, and the number of focused fibers is 50 to 1,000. Is preferable, and 50 to 500 is more preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between dispersibility and handleability.
  • the average fiber length of the glass fiber is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 to 6,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 150 to 5,000 ⁇ m, still more preferably 300 to 5,000 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1,000. It is 5,000 ⁇ m, most preferably 2,000 to 4,000 ⁇ m.
  • the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers is preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 7 to 15 ⁇ m. When the average fiber diameter is 5 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to suppress the glass fiber from breaking when the friction material composition is mixed, and when it is 20 ⁇ m or less, the strength of the friction material tends to be improved.
  • the content thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, preferably 2 to 10% by mass, based on the total amount of the friction material. More preferably, it is 6% by mass.
  • the content of the glass fiber in this range, toughness can be imparted without impairing the handleability of the friction material composition after mixing, and the strength of the friction material tends to be easily improved.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment does not have to contain glass fibers.
  • the total content of the inorganic fibers containing the wollastonite may be 3 to 35% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. It is preferably 4 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 15 to 30% by mass.
  • Metal fiber examples of the metal fiber include a metal simple substance such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel and magnesium, a fiber in an alloy form, and a fiber containing a metal as a main component such as cast iron.
  • alloy-type fibers examples include iron alloy fibers and aluminum alloy fibers.
  • One type of metal fiber may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. In the present invention, it may be a friction material that does not contain metal fibers. From the viewpoint of improving crack resistance and wear resistance, copper fibers, copper alloy fibers, iron fibers and iron alloy fibers are generally preferred.
  • the content of copper in the friction material is 0 as a copper element because it may cause pollution of rivers and the like when it is released as abrasion powder into the environment. It is less than 5.5% by mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially free of copper.
  • the copper alloy fiber include copper fiber, brass fiber, bronze fiber and the like.
  • the content of iron in the friction material may be less than 0.5% by mass as an iron element in order to increase the aggression to the cast iron disc rotor. It is preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably substantially iron-free.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment preferably further contains a binder.
  • the binder is a material that integrates the organic filler, fiber base material, etc. contained in the friction material to give strength.
  • One type of binder may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • a thermosetting resin usually used as a friction material can be used.
  • the thermosetting resin include various modified phenolic resins such as phenolic resin (for example, straight novolak phenolic resin), acrylic rubber modified phenolic resin, silicone modified phenolic resin, cashew modified phenolic resin, epoxy modified phenolic resin, alkylbenzene modified phenolic resin and the like. Can be mentioned.
  • phenolic resin for example, straight novolak phenolic resin
  • acrylic rubber-modified phenolic resin are preferable, and acrylic rubber-modified phenolic resin may be selected from the viewpoint of flexibility.
  • the content thereof is preferably 4 to 14% by mass, more preferably 6 to 12% by mass, and further 8 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material. preferable.
  • the content of the binder is within the above range, the decrease in the strength of the friction material tends to be further suppressed, and the porosity of the friction material decreases and the elastic modulus increases, resulting in deterioration of sound vibration performance such as squealing. Tends to be suppressed.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment may contain other materials other than the above-mentioned components, if necessary.
  • examples of other materials include metal powders such as zinc powder and aluminum; and organic additives such as fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the content thereof is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, respectively, based on the total amount of the friction material, and other It does not have to contain any material.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment can be produced by a commonly used method.
  • Examples of the method for producing the friction material of the present embodiment include a method of heat-press molding a friction material composition satisfying the composition of the friction material of the present embodiment.
  • the friction material composition of the present embodiment described later is uniformly mixed using a mixer such as a Raydige (registered trademark) mixer, a pressure kneader, or an Erich (registered trademark) mixer, and this mixture is mixed.
  • the obtained pre-molded product was molded under the conditions of a molding temperature of 130 to 160 ° C., a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa, and a molding time of 3 to 10 minutes, and the obtained molded product was 180 to 230.
  • a method of heat-treating at ° C. for 3 to 5 hours can be mentioned. If necessary, painting, scorch treatment, polishing treatment and the like may be performed.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment is used, for example, in the following aspects (1) to (3).
  • the configuration with further intervention it is preferable to use it as a friction member having a friction material and a back metal of the present embodiment as described in (2) or (3) above.
  • the back metal is used for improving the mechanical strength of the friction member, and examples of the material thereof include metals such as iron and stainless steel; fiber reinforced plastics such as inorganic fiber reinforced plastics and carbon fiber reinforced plastics. ..
  • the primer layer and the adhesive layer may be those usually used for friction members such as brake shoes.
  • the friction material of the present embodiment is useful as a friction member such as a disc brake pad and a brake lining.
  • a specific embodiment of the friction member using the friction material of the present embodiment with reference to FIG. 1 will be described as a back plate 1, a friction material (also referred to as an upholstery material in the case of FIG. 1) 2, and an underlayment.
  • the friction material (upholstery material) 2 is fixed to the surface 11 (here, the upper surface of the back plate 1) on which the friction material of the back plate 1 is arranged, which is composed of the material 3, via the underlay material 3. .
  • the friction material of the present invention can be used as the "upholstery material” or the "underlaying material", but is preferably used as the "upholstery material".
  • the "upholstery material” is a friction material that serves as a friction surface of the friction member
  • the “underlay material” is a friction material that is interposed between the friction material that is the friction surface of the friction member and the back metal. It is a layer for the purpose of improving shear strength and crack resistance in the vicinity of the adhesive portion with the back metal.
  • the friction material of this embodiment is suitable as a friction material for disc brake pads of automobiles and brake linings. Further, the friction material of the present embodiment can also be used as a friction material for clutch facings, electromagnetic brakes, holding brakes, etc. by subjecting the desired shape to steps such as molding, processing, and pasting.
  • the friction material composition according to the present embodiment does not contain copper, or even if it contains copper, the content of the friction material composition is less than 0.5% by mass as a copper element, and the Mohs hardness is 6. It is a friction material composition that does not substantially contain more than 4 substances and contains wollastonite as a mineral fiber.
  • the types of each component contained in the friction material composition of the present embodiment and the method for producing the same are described in the same manner as the friction material of the present embodiment, and all preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
  • the preferable range of the content of each component in the friction material composition is the same as the preferable range described in the friction material of the present embodiment, but the standard of the content is "the total amount of the friction material composition".
  • the present invention also provides a friction material containing the friction material composition of the present embodiment.
  • the friction material containing the friction material composition of the present embodiment is, for example, a method of hot-press molding a preformed body obtained by pre-molding the friction material composition of the present embodiment, a friction material composition of the present embodiment. It can be manufactured by a method such as direct thermal pressure molding and, if necessary, heat treatment to heat-cure the binder.
  • the specific manufacturing method is as described in the manufacturing method of the friction material of the present embodiment and the examples described later.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the friction member of the present embodiment.
  • a vehicle or the like in which the friction member of the present invention is used for a disc brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, an electromagnetic brake, a holding brake, or the like can be mentioned.
  • the vehicle include various automobiles including motorcycles and motorcycles, such as large automobiles, medium-sized automobiles, ordinary automobiles, large special automobiles, small special automobiles, large motorcycles and ordinary motorcycles.
  • Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 [Making disc brake pads] The materials were blended according to the blending ratio shown in Table 1 to obtain each friction material composition. Next, this friction material composition is mixed with a Ladyge (registered trademark) mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladyge (registered trademark) mixer M20), and this mixture is mixed with a molding press (manufactured by Morita Hydraulics Co., Ltd.). Preformed.
  • a Ladyge registered trademark
  • a molding press manufactured by Morita Hydraulics Co., Ltd.
  • the obtained premolded product was used under the conditions of a molding temperature of 145 ° C., a molding pressure of 30 MPa, and a molding time of 5 minutes using a molding press (manufactured by Morita Hydraulic Co., Ltd.) together with a back metal (made of iron) manufactured by Sugawa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Heat and pressure molding was performed. Subsequently, the obtained molded product is heat-treated at 210 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, and subjected to a scorch treatment at 500 ° C. to perform a disc brake pad (thickness of friction material; 12 mm, friction). Material projected area; 61 cm 2 ) was obtained.
  • the details of the various materials used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows. In addition, the various materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples were the same.
  • [Fiber base material] Organic fiber
  • Aramid fiber inorganic fiber
  • -Glass fiber (average fiber length 3,000 ⁇ m, average fiber diameter 13 ⁇ m, aspect ratio 230)
  • Mineral fiber A Fibrous wollastonite (average fiber length 150 ⁇ m, average fiber diameter 12 ⁇ m, aspect ratio 13)
  • Mineral fiber B Rock wool (average fiber length 230 ⁇ m, average fiber diameter 5.5 ⁇ m, wool-like)
  • -Mineral fiber C Rock wool (average fiber length 150 ⁇ m, average fiber diameter 5.0 ⁇ m, cut shape)
  • Example 1 to 5 the friction coefficient during normal braking and high-speed braking is good, the rate of change of the friction coefficient during high-speed braking is small with respect to the friction coefficient during normal braking, and the stability of the friction coefficient is excellent.
  • a friction material having a high friction coefficient and having a stable friction coefficient in a wide frequency band from low frequency to high frequency was obtained.
  • the speed is higher than that in Example 1 in which one type of mineral fiber other than wollastonite is contained.
  • the friction coefficient during braking was excellent and the stability of the friction coefficient was even better.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the friction material contained the abrasive having a Mohs hardness of more than 6.4 was used, the friction coefficient was insufficient or the stability of the friction coefficient was insufficient.
  • the friction material, friction material composition and friction member of the present invention have stable friction in a wide frequency band from low frequency to high frequency, without using copper, which may pollute the environment. Having a coefficient makes it difficult for brake squeal and abnormal noise to occur, and (2) has a high friction coefficient, so that it is suitable for vehicles such as various automobiles.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne : un élément de frottement ayant un matériau de frottement qui a (1) un coefficient de frottement stable sur une large bande de fréquences, allant d'une basse fréquence à une haute fréquence, réduisant la probabilité de survenue d'un crissement de freins et de sons anormaux, et (2) un coefficient de frottement élevé, même si le matériau de frottement ne contient pas de cuivre, ou, sinon, a une teneur en cuivre inférieure à 0,5 % en masse sous forme de cuivre élémentaire ; une composition de matériau de frottement susceptible de fournir le matériau de frottement ; le matériau de frottement, et un véhicule équipé de l'élément de frottement ou du matériau de frottement. Plus précisément, l'élément de frottement a un matériau de frottement et un métal de base, le matériau de frottement ne contenant pas de cuivre ou, sinon, ayant une teneur en cuivre inférieure à 0,5 % en masse sous forme de cuivre élémentaire ; ne contient pratiquement pas de substances ayant une dureté Mohs supérieure à 6,4 ; et contient de la wollastonite sous forme de fibre minérale.
PCT/JP2019/010339 2019-03-13 2019-03-13 Élément de frottement, composition de matériau de frottement, matériau de frottement et véhicule WO2020183664A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2019/010339 WO2020183664A1 (fr) 2019-03-13 2019-03-13 Élément de frottement, composition de matériau de frottement, matériau de frottement et véhicule

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09291954A (ja) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-11 Aisin Chem Co Ltd 摩擦材
WO2004109138A1 (fr) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-16 Tanaka Seimitsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. Matiere de friction pour transmission
JP2015059193A (ja) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-30 ニチアス株式会社 乾式摩擦材、クラッチ装置およびブレーキ装置

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103772980A (zh) 2012-10-18 2014-05-07 黑龙江鑫达企业集团有限公司 一种无石棉及金属材料刹车片用复合材料和制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09291954A (ja) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-11 Aisin Chem Co Ltd 摩擦材
WO2004109138A1 (fr) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-16 Tanaka Seimitsu Kogyo Co., Ltd. Matiere de friction pour transmission
JP2015059193A (ja) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-30 ニチアス株式会社 乾式摩擦材、クラッチ装置およびブレーキ装置

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