WO2020183579A1 - Dispositif d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée et procédé d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée - Google Patents

Dispositif d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée et procédé d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020183579A1
WO2020183579A1 PCT/JP2019/009748 JP2019009748W WO2020183579A1 WO 2020183579 A1 WO2020183579 A1 WO 2020183579A1 JP 2019009748 W JP2019009748 W JP 2019009748W WO 2020183579 A1 WO2020183579 A1 WO 2020183579A1
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Prior art keywords
machined surface
distance field
model
cutting edge
distance
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PCT/JP2019/009748
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
宮田　亮
将人 塚本
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三菱電機株式会社
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Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2019/009748 priority Critical patent/WO2020183579A1/fr
Priority to PCT/JP2020/009775 priority patent/WO2020184460A1/fr
Priority to JP2020544053A priority patent/JP6880336B2/ja
Priority to DE112020001157.7T priority patent/DE112020001157T5/de
Priority to CN202080019512.6A priority patent/CN113557484B/zh
Publication of WO2020183579A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020183579A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41875—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by quality surveillance of production
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41885—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by modeling, simulation of the manufacturing system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machined surface property evaluation device and a machined surface property evaluation method for evaluating the surface properties of a machined surface in a cutting process using a rotary tool by simulation.
  • the cutting edge intersects the work piece and scrapes the surface of the work piece in the process of moving along the movement path while the rotary tool rotates around the rotation axis.
  • the object is processed into the desired shape.
  • On the machined surface which is the surface of the work piece that has been machined, processing marks that are scaly fine irregularities with a cusp shape may remain.
  • the state of the processing marks left on the processed surface after processing affects the processing quality such as the smoothness of the surface of the workpiece.
  • the state of the machined surface after processing may be referred to as surface property or machined surface property.
  • the evaluation of the machined surface property is performed by visually observing and measuring the surface roughness using a contact type or non-contact type probe.
  • the above-mentioned processing marks with a cusp shape are caused by a combination of two factors.
  • the first factor is related to the pick-feed operation in which processing is performed while shifting the movement path sideways little by little, and stripes are generated between the movement paths adjacent to each other. Such stripes line up in the pick feed direction.
  • the second factor is that each of one or more cutting edges of the rotary tool intermittently intersects the workpiece during rotation to scrape off the workpiece, resulting in streaks. Such stripes are arranged in the direction of the movement path, that is, the feed direction.
  • the first factor is dominant. Therefore, in the evaluation of the machined surface properties, the second factor is described.
  • the feed rate has tended to increase in order to shorten the machining time, and the number of cases where high machining quality is required is increasing. Therefore, the machining surface is also considered in consideration of the above second factor. It is required to evaluate the properties.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus for calculating the post-processed shape of a work piece by transferring the absolute cutting edge position of the cutting edge with respect to the work piece to the work piece.
  • the apparatus according to Patent Document 1 calculates the absolute cutting edge position based on the relative cutting edge position of the cutting edge with respect to the rotation center of the rotary tool and the displacement amount of the rotation center.
  • the apparatus according to Patent Document 1 makes it possible to quantitatively grasp a characteristic value representing a machined surface property.
  • the apparatus according to Patent Document 1 expresses the shape after processing by the point sequence data along the movement path, and obtains the above characteristic value which is the deviation of the point sequence data from the shape to be processed.
  • the machined surface by the point sequence data it is necessary to densely arrange a large amount of point sequence data. Therefore, according to the conventional technique according to the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the data size required for highly accurate evaluation of the machined surface property becomes bloated. Further, according to the conventional technique according to the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, a huge amount of calculation is required in order to process the point sequence data that is sequentially updated with the processing every moment.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a machined surface property evaluation device capable of evaluating a machined surface property with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device simulates the surface property of the machined surface when the workpiece is cut by using a rotary tool having a cutting edge. Evaluate by.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device applies a cutting edge envelope shape model representing a three-dimensional shape drawn by a cutting edge by rotation of a rotary tool to a work shape model representing a three-dimensional shape of a workpiece.
  • the simulation execution unit that executes the simulation to move the work shape and subtracts the area through which the cutting edge envelope shape model passes from the work shape model in the simulation, and the cutting surface that cuts the workpiece by cutting the workpiece.
  • a distance field model generator that generates a distance field model representing a distance field that is the distance of the machined surface shape from a point in space based on the specifications of the cutting edge, and a work
  • the offset curved surface generator that generates offset curved surface data indicating the offset curved surface at a position separated by a predetermined offset distance from the machined surface on the shape model, and the value of the distance field at the point on the offset curved surface according to the distance field model. It is provided with an evaluation unit that evaluates surface properties by calculating.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device has the effect of being able to evaluate the machined surface property with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • FIG. 1 for explaining a distance field having a shape of a machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 for explaining the distance field of the shape of the machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 for explaining the distance field of the shape of the machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • the first figure for demonstrating the offset curved surface data generated by the offset curved surface generation part of the machined surface property evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. The second figure for demonstrating the offset curved surface data generated by the offset curved surface generation part of the machined surface property evaluation apparatus shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a machined surface property evaluation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 evaluates the surface property of the machined surface by simulation for cutting with an NC (Numerical Control) machine tool.
  • NC machine tools cut workpieces by using rotary tools with one or more cutting edges.
  • the rotary tool is a ball end mill.
  • one or more cutting edges of the rotary tool may be referred to as a cutting edge portion.
  • the cutting edge shall refer to each of one or a plurality of cutting edges constituting the cutting edge portion.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 includes a simple cutting simulation execution unit 10, a distance field model generation unit 11, an offset curved surface generation unit 12, and a machined surface property evaluation unit 21.
  • the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 has a distance field model evaluation unit 13 and a work shape drawing unit 14.
  • the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 functions as an evaluation unit for evaluating the surface property of the machined surface. Details of each processing unit will be described later.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 includes a tool model data storage unit 15, a tool movement path data storage unit 16, a machining condition data storage unit 17, a work shape model storage unit 18, and a detailed machining surface distance field model storage unit 19. And each storage unit of the offset curved surface data storage unit 20.
  • Each of the above processing units refers to or processes each data stored in each storage unit. Details of each data will be described later.
  • a device having a display screen 400 is connected to the machined surface property evaluation device 100.
  • the device having the display screen 400 is an external device that displays a drawing image of the work shape, which is the shape of the workpiece, on the display screen 400.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 includes an input device for the operator to operate the machined surface property evaluation device 100 and an external input means for inputting data from the outside.
  • the input device is a keyboard, a pointing device, or the like.
  • tool movement data, machining condition data, and an initial shape of a work shape model are set by data input to an external input means.
  • FIG. 1 the illustration of the input device and the external input means is omitted.
  • the tool model data storage unit 15 stores the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a and the cutting edge detailed data 15b, which are tool model data.
  • the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a is a cutting edge model that represents the envelope shape of the cutting edge portion.
  • the envelope shape of the cutting edge portion is a three-dimensional shape drawn by the cutting edge portion by the rotation of the rotary tool. In the case of a ball end mill, the envelope shape of the cutting edge portion is a shape in which a hemisphere is connected to the lower tip of a cylinder.
  • the envelope shape can be said to be a three-dimensional shape obtained by rotating the envelope formed by the outer edge of the cutting edge portion around the rotation axis of the rotary tool.
  • the envelope is a curve formed by the outer edge of the cutting edge when the appearance of the cutting edge is viewed from the side in a plan view.
  • the cutting edge detailed data 15b is data on detailed specifications relating to the cutting edge constituting the cutting edge portion.
  • the detailed cutting edge data 15b contains at least parameters for determining the configuration of the cutting edge such as the number of cutting edges constituting the cutting edge, the arrangement angle of the cutting edge, and the twist angle of the cutting edge, and the detailed shape of the cutting edge. Contains parameters to determine.
  • the tool movement path data storage unit 16 stores the movement path data of the rotary tool.
  • the movement path data is data of a movement path for moving the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece.
  • the movement path data includes data on the position and orientation of the rotary tool as seen from the workpiece during the machining operation.
  • the machining condition data storage unit 17 stores machining condition data in cutting.
  • the machining condition data includes at least data on the feed rate of the rotary tool and data on the rotary speed of the rotary tool.
  • the work shape model storage unit 18 stores a work shape model representing the three-dimensional shape of the work piece.
  • the work shape model is data in which the shape of the workpiece from the start to the end of machining is simulated by the three-dimensional shape model.
  • a boundary representation (Boundary Representation: B-Rep) model, a boxel model, or the like can be used as the representation format of the work shape model.
  • the detailed machined surface distance field model storage unit 19 stores the detailed machined surface distance field model.
  • the detailed machined surface distance field model is data expressing the distance field of the machined surface shape. While rotating the cutting edge portion of the workpiece while moving the rotary tool along the moving path, each cutting edge cuts different positions on the workpiece.
  • the detailed machined surface distance field model is data that represents the fine machined surface shape that appears on the work piece by cutting each cutting edge, and is a distance field model that represents the detailed shape of the entire machined surface of the work piece. Suppose there is. In the following description, such a fine machined surface shape may be referred to as a cutting edge level machined surface shape or a detailed shape.
  • the offset curved surface data storage unit 20 stores the offset curved surface data.
  • the offset curved surface data is data indicating an offset curved surface which is a curved surface located at a position separated by a predetermined distance from the machined surface on the work shape model.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 is a simulation execution unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device 100.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 executes a simulation of moving the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a with respect to the work shape model. Further, the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 performs an operation of subtracting the region through which the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a of the work shape model passes from the work shape model in such a simulation.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 repeats the process of updating the work shape model based on the simulation result.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 executes a simple cutting simulation which is a rougher and simpler simulation than the above-mentioned cutting edge level.
  • FIG. 2 is a first diagram for explaining the operation by the simple cutting simulation execution unit of the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a second diagram for explaining the operation by the simple cutting simulation execution unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 reads out the cutting edge entanglement shape model 15a stored in the tool model data storage unit 15 and the work shape model 18a stored in the work shape model storage unit 18.
  • the envelope shape of the cutting edge portion of the ball end mill is represented by a combination of a cylinder and a hemisphere.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 simulates the relative movement between the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a and the work shape model 18a by moving the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a along the movement path.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 obtains a region where the region through which the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a has passed and the work shape model 18a intersect, and subtracts the obtained region from the work shape model 18a.
  • the work shape model 18a in which a part of the work shape model 18a shown in FIG. 2 is cut out is obtained as shown in FIG.
  • the work shape model storage unit 18 stores the work shape model 18a obtained by simulation.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 generates the above-mentioned detailed machined surface distance field model, which is a detailed distance field model.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 describes the machined surface shape formed on the work piece by each of the cutting blades cutting the work piece by the rotation of the rotary tool, and the machined surface from the point of interest which is a point in space. Generate a detailed machined surface distance field model that represents the distance field that is the distance of the shape.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 generates a detailed machined surface distance field model based on the specifications of the cutting edge portion, that is, the cutting edge detailed data 15b read from the tool model data storage unit 15.
  • the distance field is a kind of scalar field formed in the space where the object is placed, and the value of the field at the point of interest is given by the distance from an arbitrary point of interest in the space to the surface of the object.
  • the value of the distance field that is, the distance value
  • the value of the distance field is the shortest Euclidean distance from the point of interest to the surface of the object, or a distance substantially equivalent to the shortest Euclidean distance.
  • the sign of the distance value it is possible to identify whether the point of interest is inside the shape of the object or the point of interest is outside the shape of the object.
  • the code of the distance value is determined according to the convention that it is negative when the point of interest is inside the shape of the object and positive when the point of interest is outside the shape of the object. Shall be.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 adopts a signed distance whose sign is determined according to such a convention in the generation of the distance field model.
  • a function is called a distance function.
  • the distance function can be described directly by a mathematical formula, such as the distance from a point P to a plane or sphere, depending on the type of shape, and as a procedure for calculation by a computer program. Includes what is done.
  • a composite operation corresponding to a shape Boolean operation can be defined between each distance field of two different shapes.
  • the value of the distance field of one shape "A" at an arbitrary point P is the value of the distance field of the other shape "B”
  • the value of the distance field of the other shape "B” is the value of the distance B (P).
  • the composition operation corresponding to various shape Boolean operations is reduced to the following equation.
  • Cutting is a type of material removal processing, and the shape obtained by subtracting the area shape through which the cutting edge passes from the work shape before processing is the work shape after processing. This corresponds to the difference calculation of the shape Boolean. Considering the distance field of each shape, the distance field of the work shape after processing can be obtained by performing the synthesis calculation corresponding to the above-mentioned difference calculation.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 targets the detailed shape of the machined surface formed into the work shape by cutting as the object of surface property evaluation. In the vicinity of such a machined surface, the distance field of the region shape through which the cutting edge passes becomes dominant in the calculation of the difference between the distance fields. In that case, since the distance field of the work shape can be ignored, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 passes the distance field represented by the second term of the max calculation, which is the above difference calculation, that is, the cutting edge.
  • the surface texture can be evaluated by considering only the distance field having the shape obtained by reversing the shape of the formed region.
  • FIG. 4 is a first diagram for explaining a distance field having a shape of the machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a second diagram for explaining a distance field having a shape of the machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a third diagram for explaining a distance field having a shape of the machined surface to be evaluated by the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows the cutting edge portion 41 and the workpiece 43 on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary tool.
  • the cutting edge portion 41 moves along the movement path 42 while rotating around the rotation axis.
  • the workpiece 43 is formed with a machined surface 44 having a detailed shape which is a machined surface shape at the cutting edge level.
  • the detailed shape is each of the concave curved surface shapes along the locus of the tip portion of the cutting edge.
  • a signed distance d from the point P to the machined surface 44 is uniquely determined by setting the points P1 and P2 as arbitrary points P.
  • the distance d1 is a signed distance d from the point P1 to the machined surface 44.
  • the distance d2 is a signed distance d from the point P2 to the machined surface 44.
  • a distance field such that the signed distance d is the value of the field forms a detailed distance field of the machined surface 44.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 uses data describing a procedure for obtaining the value of the distance function f (P) representing the distance field of the detailed shape based on the point P arbitrarily specified. Generate.
  • the procedure for obtaining the value of the distance function f (P) is a procedure for calculating the value of the distance function f (P) using a computer program.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 generates a detailed machined surface distance field model which is data in which the procedure for obtaining the value of the distance function f (P) is described.
  • the detailed machining surface distance field model storage unit 19 stores the detailed machining surface distance field model generated by the distance field model generation unit 11.
  • the distance function f (P) representing the distance field of the detailed shape is under the trochoidal motion, which is a combined motion of the rotation of the cutting edge portion 41 and the movement of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece.
  • the region shape 46 is the shape of a region through which the radius 45 connecting the rotating shaft C of the cutting edge portion 41 and the tip end B of the cutting edge passes.
  • the distance function representing the distance field of the region shape 46 is obtained for the radius of each cutting edge, and the distance function g is calculated by min calculation of the distance function for each cutting edge. (P) is obtained.
  • the min operation is a composite operation corresponding to the sum operation which is the above-mentioned shape Boolean operation.
  • the offset curved surface generation unit 12 generates offset curved surface data indicating the offset curved surface.
  • the offset curved surface is a curved surface located at a position separated by a predetermined offset distance from the machined surface specified on the machined work shape model 18a after machining generated by the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10.
  • FIG. 7 is a first diagram for explaining the offset curved surface data generated by the offset curved surface generation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a second diagram for explaining the offset curved surface data generated by the offset curved surface generation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows a work shape model 18a and a cutting edge envelope shape model 15a in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary tool.
  • FIG. 8 shows the geometric relationship between the machined surface 51 on the work shape model 18a and the offset curved surface 20a on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary tool.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 executes a simulation in which the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a is moved along the movement path 42 with respect to the work shape model 18a.
  • a machined surface 51 is generated on the work shape model 18a.
  • the offset curved surface 20a is a curved surface separated from the machined surface 51 by an offset distance h.
  • the offset curved surface generation unit 12 generates offset curved surface data based on the data of the machined surface 51 and the offset distance h calculated separately.
  • the offset curved surface generating unit 12 calculates the offset distance h based on the radius of the cutting edge portion 41, the number of cutting edges of the cutting edge portion 41, the rotation speed of the rotary tool, and the feed rate of the rotary tool.
  • the radius of the cutting edge portion 41 is the radius of a circle passing through the tip of each cutting edge.
  • the center of the circle passing through the tip of each cutting edge is the axis of rotation of the rotary tool.
  • the offset curved surface generation unit 12 acquires each value of the radius of the cutting edge unit 41 and the number of cutting edges from the cutting edge detailed data 15b read from the tool model data storage unit 15.
  • the offset curved surface generation unit 12 acquires each value of the rotation speed of the rotary tool and the feed rate of the rotary tool from the machining condition data read from the machining condition data storage unit 17.
  • the offset curved surface generation unit 12 calculates the offset distance h, which is the nominal cusp height, by the following equation (1).
  • R represents the radius of the shape of the cutting edge portion 41.
  • F is the feed speed of the rotary tool
  • n is the number of cutting edges of the cutting edge portion 41
  • S is the rotation speed of the rotary tool.
  • the unit of F is mm / min
  • the unit of S is rev / min.
  • the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 generates an image showing the evaluation result of the machined surface property.
  • the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 superimposes an image representing the evaluation result on the drawing image of the work shape by the cooperative operation of the work shape drawing unit 14 and the distance field model evaluation unit 13.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 generates a drawing image representing a three-dimensional shape, which is the work shape model 18a, based on the work shape model 18a read from the work shape model storage unit 18.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 generates a drawing image by using a normal computer graphics technique based on a predetermined line-of-sight direction, a predetermined illumination condition, and a display color specified in advance for the work shape.
  • the illumination condition is a condition such as the direction of a light source or the intensity of light.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 calculates the position of the point Ph in the process of determining the color and the brightness of each pixel of the drawing image.
  • the point Ph is a point at a position separated from the point P on the machined surface corresponding to each pixel of the drawing image by the above-mentioned offset distance h in the normal direction of the machined surface, and the offset curved surface 20a corresponding to the point P. The above point.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 obtains the position of the point Ph based on the offset curved surface data read from the offset curved surface data storage unit 20.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 outputs the position data of the obtained point Ph to the distance field model evaluation unit 13.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 reads out the detailed processing surface distance field model from the detailed processing surface distance field model storage unit 19.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 calculates the value f (Ph) of the distance field at the point Ph according to the procedure described in the detailed machined surface distance field model.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 outputs the value f (Ph) obtained by the calculation to the work shape drawing unit 14.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 determines the shading according to the value f (Ph) for the display color designated in advance for the evaluation result of the surface texture.
  • the display color of the evaluation result shall be a hue color different from the display color of the work shape.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 determines the shade of the display color for the evaluation result based on the magnitude of the value f (Ph).
  • the magnitude of the value f (Ph) is assumed to be the magnitude including the sign of the value f (Ph).
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 generates an image having a shade corresponding to the magnitude of the value f (Ph).
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 outputs the display data obtained by superimposing the image of the evaluation result on the drawing image of the work shape model 18a to the display screen 400.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the drawing process by the machined surface property evaluation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 calculates the position of the point Ph, which is a point on the offset curved surface 20a corresponding to the point P.
  • each of the points 53, 54, 55, etc. is a point Ph which is a corresponding point corresponding to the point P.
  • Point 53, point 54, and point 55 are designated as point Ph1, point Ph2, and point Ph3, respectively.
  • the point P on the machined surface 51 is a point corresponding to the pixels of the three-dimensional shape drawing image of the work shape model 18a.
  • Each of the points Ph1, the point Ph2, and the point Ph3 is a corresponding point corresponding to the point P, and is a point Ph on the offset curved surface 20a separated from the machined surface 51 by an offset distance h.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 follows the procedure described in the detailed machined surface distance field model, and the value f (Ph1), the value f (Ph2), and the value f (Ph3) of the distance field at the points Ph1, Ph2, and Ph3. ) Are calculated.
  • Each of the value f (Ph1), the value f (Ph2), and the value f (Ph3) represents a signed distance value to a machined surface 44 having a detailed shape at the cutting edge level.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 obtains a signed distance value for each pixel which is a projection point of the machined surface 51.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 generates an image of the evaluation result having a shade corresponding to the signed distance value based on the calculation result of the signed distance value for the machined surface 44.
  • the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 evaluates the surface property of the machined surface 44 by obtaining the data of the signed distance value for the machined surface 44. Further, the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 outputs display data in which the image of the evaluation result is superimposed on the drawing image of the work shape model 18a to the device having the display screen 400. As a result, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 outputs the evaluation result of the machined surface property to the device having the display screen 400.
  • the display screen 400 displays an image in which the image of the evaluation result is superimposed on the drawing image of the work shape model 18a based on the display data input from the work shape drawing unit 14.
  • a striped shading pattern that reflects a fine uneven shape is displayed on the image of the work shape.
  • the display screen 400 presents the evaluation result of the machined surface property to the operator by displaying such an image.
  • the operator can grasp the distribution of the fine uneven shape on the machined surface 44 and the degree of the unevenness. In this way, the operator can confirm the evaluation result of the machined surface properties based on the image displayed on the display screen 400.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 can present the evaluation result of the machined surface property in a manner that can be easily grasped visually.
  • f (P) that describes the detailed machined surface distance field model
  • f (P) is obtained by sign-inverting the distance function g (P) of the distance field of the passing region shape of the radius CB of the cutting edge as described above. Therefore, a method of calculating the function value of g (P) will be described here.
  • FIG. 10 is a first diagram for explaining the calculation of the value of the distance field by the distance field model generation unit of the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a second diagram for explaining the calculation of the value of the distance field by the distance field model generation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a third diagram for explaining the calculation of the value of the distance field by the distance field model generation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • the coordinate system 71 shown in FIG. 10 is a world coordinate system ⁇ w fixed to the work piece.
  • FIG. 10 shows two of the three coordinate axes that define the world coordinate system ⁇ w, the Xw axis and the Yw axis.
  • the coordinate system 72 is a coordinate axis fixed to the cutting edge portion 41, and is a cutting edge fixed coordinate system ⁇ c linked to rotation around the rotation axis and movement of the cutting edge portion 41.
  • the coordinate axes of the cutting edge fixed coordinate system ⁇ c are determined so that the radius CB of the cutting edge of interest is located on the X-axis.
  • FIG. 10 shows the Xc axis and the Yc axis, which are two of the three coordinate axes that define the cutting edge fixed coordinate system ⁇ c.
  • the point 73 is a point P designated on the world coordinate system ⁇ w.
  • the point P draws a spiral locus 74 with the time t as a parameter, as shown in FIG.
  • the distance function representing the value of the distance field is a coordinate system in which the point P given by the coordinate system 71 is linked to the rotation of the rotating tool under the combined motion of the rotation of the rotating tool and the movement of the rotating tool with respect to the workpiece. It is a function for calculating the value of the distance field based on the locus 74 drawn by the point P when viewed from 72.
  • the curve representing the locus 74 is referred to as the inverse locus curve Q (t) at the point P.
  • the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) of the point P crosses the X-axis of the cutting edge fixed coordinate system ⁇ c at the point A1 at the point 75 and the point A2 at the point 76.
  • the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) crosses the radius CB.
  • the region shape 46 is the region shape 46 shown in FIG.
  • the point P is located outside the region shape 46 through which the radius CB passes.
  • has a reverse locus curve Q (t) fixed to the cutting edge. It is approximated by the distance
  • is the absolute value of the distance field value of the region shape 46 at the point P.
  • the code of g (P) is determined by whether or not the point of interest is inside the shape of the object according to the above-mentioned convention.
  • the signed distances Ak to B for are obtained.
  • the minimum value of the obtained signed distance that is, the code of the signed distance closest to - ⁇ is adopted as the code of g (P). Will be done.
  • the exact g (P) value can be calculated by the method shown in FIG. it can.
  • Q (tx) is a point 81 indicating the position of the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) at the moment when the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) is locally closest to the tip B of the cutting edge
  • g ( The absolute value of P) is calculated by
  • the sign of g (P) is determined by whether or not the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) crosses the radius CB.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating the value of the distance field in the three-dimensional space by the distance field model generation unit included in the machined surface property evaluation device shown in FIG.
  • the tip B of the cutting edge in the ball end mill is represented by the curve 91 on the envelope surface of the cutting edge portion 41 as shown in FIG. Therefore, g is based on Q (tx), which is the position of the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) at the moment when the reverse trajectory curve Q (t) and the curve 91 representing the tip B of the cutting edge are locally closest to each other.
  • the exact value of (P) is calculated.
  • the radius CB corresponds to a line segment 92 connecting the rotation axis and the curve 91 in the cylindrical portion, and corresponds to a line segment 93 connecting the center of the hemisphere and the curve 91 in the bottom hemisphere portion.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 can easily calculate the detailed distance field value of the machined surface in consideration of the fine uneven shape at the cutting edge level based on the unified principle using the inverse trajectory curve. Can be done.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 can significantly reduce the required data size as compared with the case where the characteristic value of the machined surface property is obtained by expressing the machined surface by the point sequence data. Further, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 can reduce the calculation load for evaluating the machined surface property by significantly reducing the data size.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the machined surface property evaluation device according to the first embodiment.
  • the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10 executes a simple cutting simulation, which is a simulation of moving the cutting edge envelope shape model 15a with respect to the work shape model 18a.
  • the work shape model storage unit 18 stores the work shape model that is the result of the simulation in step S1.
  • step S2 the distance field model generation unit 11 generates a detailed machined surface distance field model.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 generates a detailed machined surface distance field model in which a procedure for obtaining the value of the distance field of the detailed shape at the point P on the space is described.
  • the detailed machined surface distance field model storage unit 19 stores the detailed machined surface distance field model generated in step S2.
  • step S3 the distance field model evaluation unit 13 calculates the value of the distance field at the position on the offset curved surface 20a.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 acquires the position data of the point Ph on the offset curved surface 20a from the work shape drawing unit 14.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 obtains the value of the distance field of the detailed shape at the point Ph according to the procedure described in the detailed machined surface distance field model.
  • the distance field model evaluation unit 13 outputs the obtained value of the distance field to the work shape drawing unit 14.
  • the work shape drawing unit 14 generates display data in which the image of the evaluation result is superimposed on the drawing image of the work shape model, and outputs the generated display data to the device having the display screen 400.
  • the device having the display screen 400 displays an image in which the image of the evaluation result is superimposed on the drawing image of the work shape model on the display screen 400 based on the acquired display data.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 is based on the result shape of a simple cutting simulation that can be executed with a small calculation load, and the value of the three-dimensional distance field of the detailed machined surface shape on the offset curved surface. Is calculated and visualized. As a result, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 has an effect that the machined surface property can be evaluated with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the machined surface property evaluation device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the second embodiment and the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the first embodiment is that the distance field model evaluation unit 13 and the work shape drawing unit 14 shown in FIG. 1 are replaced with each other. The point is that the distance field model analysis unit 30 is provided.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the second embodiment is different from the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the first embodiment in that the characteristic value of the surface property is output instead of the display data.
  • the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the configurations different from those in the first embodiment will be mainly described.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 outputs a surface property characteristic value file 401 including data of the surface property characteristic value to an external device.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 may output the characteristic value data to the external device having the display screen 400 shown in FIG. 1 to present the characteristic value to the operator by the display on the display screen 400.
  • the operation of each processing unit other than the distance field model analysis unit 30 and the content of each data stored in each storage unit are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 functions as an evaluation unit that evaluates surface properties by calculating the value of the distance field at a point on the offset curved surface according to the distance field model.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 reads the offset curved surface data from the offset curved surface data storage unit 20. Further, the distance field model analysis unit 30 reads out the detailed processing surface distance field model from the detailed processing surface distance field model storage unit 19.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 has designated the data described in the detailed machined surface distance field model and the procedure for obtaining the value of the distance function in the offset curved surface 20a. Analyze on the surface area.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 calculates the characteristic value of the machined surface property, which is a statistical index of the distance field, by analyzing the data described in the detailed machined surface distance field model.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 evaluates the machined surface properties by calculating the characteristic values of the machined surface properties.
  • the distance field statistical index calculated by the distance field model analysis unit 30 includes at least one of the maximum value, the minimum value, the average value, and the variance of the distance field value on the offset curved surface 20a.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 calculates these statistical indexes by processing the distance function by an analytical method based on the detailed machined surface distance field model, that is, the data in which the distance function of the distance field is described. Can be done.
  • the method of calculating statistical indicators as described above when given an arbitrary function has already been established in the field of numerical calculation.
  • the distance field model analysis unit 30 can calculate the statistical index by using the conventionally established method as it is.
  • the statistical index calculated by analysis on the designated surface region of the offset curved surface 20a corresponds to various surface roughness defined by industrial standards such as JIS B0601 2013.
  • the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance field value corresponds to the surface roughness expressed by the maximum height Rz
  • the average value corresponds to the surface roughness expressed by the arithmetic average roughness Ra.
  • Such surface roughness is used as a scale for evaluating the surface properties of the processed surface at the processing site.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the second embodiment can quantitatively calculate the characteristic value for evaluating the surface property.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the machined surface property evaluation device according to the second embodiment. Steps S1 to S3 are the same as in the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Following step S3, in step S11, the distance field model analysis unit 30 calculates the characteristic value of the machined surface property. The distance field model analysis unit 30 obtains the characteristic value of the machined surface property, which is a statistical index of the distance field, by analyzing the data described in the detailed machined surface distance field model. After that, the distance field model analysis unit 30 outputs the surface property characteristic value file 401 to an external device.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 analyzes a three-dimensional distance field of a detailed machined surface shape on the offset curved surface based on the result shape of a simple cutting simulation that can be executed with a small calculation load. To do.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 quantitatively calculates a characteristic value used as an index of surface roughness at a machining site by analyzing a three-dimensional distance field. As a result, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 has an effect that the machined surface property can be evaluated with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • Embodiment 3 In the above-described first and second embodiments, as the detailed machined surface distance field model, data describing the distance function of the distance field of the detailed machined surface shape including the fine unevenness at the cutting edge level is used. In the third embodiment, a distance field model that expresses a distance field using a voxel model is used instead of the detailed machined surface distance field model. In the third embodiment, the same components as those of the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and the configurations different from those of the first and second embodiments will be mainly described. Both the machined surface property evaluation device 100 according to the first and second embodiments can use the voxel model of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a process executed by the machined surface property evaluation device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows a voxel model.
  • the voxel model is a model composed of a collection of small cubic regions called cells. Information about the shape of the object to be expressed is stored in each cell.
  • data describing a detailed distance function of the distance field of the machined surface shape is stored in each cell as information regarding the shape of the object to be expressed.
  • the description data of the distance function optimized for that cell is stored. Specifically, data describing a procedure for calculating a distance field value for an arbitrary point P limited to a three-dimensional region occupied by a cell corresponding to a region of interest is stored.
  • data describing a procedure for calculating a distance field value for an arbitrary point P limited to a three-dimensional region occupied by a cell corresponding to a region of interest is stored.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 stores the description data of the distance function in each cell of the distance field model represented by the voxel model.
  • the distance field model generation unit 11 specifies the section of the tool movement path as described above, and is dedicated for calculating the distance value for the point in the cubic region occupied by the cell corresponding to the specified section.
  • the description data of the distance function is stored in each cell.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 uses the distance field model expressed by the voxel model to obtain the value of the distance field of the detailed machined surface shape in consideration of the fine unevenness at the cutting edge level. Can be calculated efficiently. As a result, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 has an effect that the machined surface property can be evaluated with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • Embodiment 4 a modification of the voxel model described in the third embodiment will be described.
  • each cell of the voxel model has a plurality of different points in the cubic region occupied by the cell. It is also possible to store data obtained by sampling the value of the distance field of the detailed machined surface shape. The value of the distance field of the detailed machined surface shape at an arbitrary point in the cell can be obtained as an approximate value by interpolating the value of the distance field obtained by sampling.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a process executed by the machined surface property evaluation device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • an octery type voxel model which is a kind of expression structure of the voxel model, is used as the voxel model.
  • FIG. 18 schematically represents an Octory-type boxel model.
  • the octoly-type voxel model recursively repeats octo-division that divides one cell into eight sub-cell groups divided along each axis of X, Y, and Z to obtain the division source.
  • the cell and the subcell group of the division destination are managed by an ocree called an octree.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 arranges a plurality of different points in the cubic region occupied by the cell for one cell, calculates the value of the distance field of the detailed machined surface shape by the distance function, and samples it.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 interpolates the sampled distance field values and compares the interpolated approximate values obtained for points other than the sampling points with the original distance field values to perform an accuracy test, and the accuracy is improved. If it is not reached, the cell is octo-divided into eight subcell groups, and sampling and accuracy test are recursively repeated in each subcell.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 stores in a cell a sequence of distance field values sampled when the accuracy is satisfied.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 identifies a cell containing an arbitrary designated point and distances with a small calculation load based on interpolation. You can calculate the value of the field.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 uses a distance field model represented by an octery-type voxel model to obtain a detailed distance of the machined surface shape in consideration of fine irregularities at the cutting edge level.
  • the field value can be calculated efficiently.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 has an effect that the machined surface property can be evaluated with high accuracy and with a small calculation load.
  • Each functional unit of the machined surface property evaluation device 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 15 is realized by executing a program for executing the machined surface property evaluation method using hardware.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the machined surface property evaluation device according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 61 that executes various processes, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 62 that includes a data storage area, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 63 that is a non-volatile memory, and the like. It has an external storage device 64. Further, the machined surface property evaluation device 100 has an input / output interface 65 for inputting information from the outside and outputting information to the outside, and an input device 66 for receiving an input operation.
  • the parts shown in FIG. 19 are connected to each other via a bus 68.
  • the CPU 61 executes a program stored in the ROM 63 and the external storage device 64.
  • the functions of the simple cutting simulation execution unit 10, the distance field model generation unit 11, and the offset curved surface generation unit 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 15 are realized by using the CPU 61.
  • the functions of the distance field model evaluation unit 13 and the work shape drawing unit 14 of the machined surface property evaluation unit 21 shown in FIG. 1 and the functions of the distance field model analysis unit 30 shown in FIG. 15 are realized by using the CPU 61. Will be done.
  • the external storage device 64 is an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or an SSD (Solid State Drive).
  • the external storage device 64 stores the program and various information.
  • the tool model data storage unit 15 shown in FIGS. 1 and 15, the tool movement path data storage unit 16, the machining condition data storage section 17, the work shape model storage section 18, and the detailed machining surface distance field model storage section 19 Each function with the offset curved surface data storage unit 20 is realized by using the external storage device 64.
  • the input / output interface 65 functions as an external input means. Further, the input / output interface 65 has a function of outputting display data to a device having the display screen 400 shown in FIG. 1 and a function of outputting the surface property characteristic value file 401 shown in FIG. 15 to an external device.
  • the input device 66 is a device for inputting information, such as a keyboard or a pointing device.
  • the rotary tool provided in the NC machine tool may be any rotary tool having a cutting edge, and may be a rotary tool other than the ball end mill.
  • the machined surface property evaluation device 100 evaluates the machined surface properties with high accuracy and with a small calculation load, as in the case of the ball end mill. Can be done.
  • the configuration shown in the above-described embodiment shows an example of the content of the present invention, can be combined with another known technique, and is one of the configurations without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change the part.

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Abstract

Ce dispositif d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée (100) comprend: une unité d'exécution de simulation de coupe simple (10), qui est une unité d'exécution de simulation pour exécuter une simulation de déplacement d'un modèle de forme d'enveloppe de bord de coupe (15a) par rapport à un modèle de forme de pièce à travailler, et pour effectuer un calcul d'élimination, à partir du modèle de forme de pièce à travailler, d'une région du modèle de forme de pièce à travailler à travers laquelle le modèle de forme d'enveloppe de bord de coupe (15a) passe dans la simulation; une unité de génération de modèle de champ de distance (11) pour générer, par rapport à une forme de surface usinée formée sur un objet usiné par découpe de l'objet usiné au moyen d'une lame de coupe, un modèle de champ de distance représentant un champ de distance, qui indique les distances d'un point dans l'espace à la forme de surface usinée, le modèle de champ de distance étant généré sur la base des spécifications du bord de coupe; une unité de génération de surface incurvée décalée (12) pour générer des données de surface incurvée décalées représentant une surface incurvée décalée située à une position espacée d'une distance de décalage prédéterminée de la surface usinée sur le modèle de forme de pièce à travailler; et une unité d'évaluation pour évaluer des propriétés de surface par calcul des valeurs de champ de distance au niveau de points sur la surface incurvée décalée en fonction du modèle de champ de distance.
PCT/JP2019/009748 2019-03-11 2019-03-11 Dispositif d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée et procédé d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée WO2020183579A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2020/009775 WO2020184460A1 (fr) 2019-03-11 2020-03-06 Dispositif d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée, procédé d'évaluation de propriété de surface usinée, et dispositif d'apprentissage automatique
JP2020544053A JP6880336B2 (ja) 2019-03-11 2020-03-06 加工面性状評価装置および加工面性状評価方法
DE112020001157.7T DE112020001157T5 (de) 2019-03-11 2020-03-06 Vorrichtung zur Evaluierung der Textur einer bearbeiteten Oberfläche, Verfahren zur Evaluierung der Textur einer bearbeiteten Oberfläche und Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Lernen
CN202080019512.6A CN113557484B (zh) 2019-03-11 2020-03-06 加工面性状评价装置及加工面性状评价方法

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