WO2020181574A1 - 氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents

氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020181574A1
WO2020181574A1 PCT/CN2019/078942 CN2019078942W WO2020181574A1 WO 2020181574 A1 WO2020181574 A1 WO 2020181574A1 CN 2019078942 W CN2019078942 W CN 2019078942W WO 2020181574 A1 WO2020181574 A1 WO 2020181574A1
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slurry
fluoroapatite
concentrate
fluorohydroxyapatite
fluorapatite
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印万忠
韩会丽
操斌
姚金
杨斌
赵晨
孙浩然
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Northeastern University China
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/447Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and relates to a preparation method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite, a raw material with high value-added biological materials, and in particular to a fluoroapatite purification method and preparation of fluorohydroxyapatite Ceramic method.
  • Hydroxyapatite (HA or HAP, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) has good biocompatibility and bone tissue induction due to its similar chemical composition and structure to biological hard tissues. After entering the human body, it has no irritation and rejection to the tissues, so it is considered to be an ideal choice for replacement materials for human hard tissues.
  • the hydroxyapatite bioceramic material has good biological activity, it has the disadvantages of greater solubility and poor stability in application. Therefore, in its application, in order to meet the requirements of clinical use, the method of chemical component modification is often used to introduce appropriate trace elements into hydroxyapatite to improve its dissolution characteristics, so as to obtain high-quality biologically active implants.
  • Fluorine is an essential trace element for the human body. It exists in tooth enamel and bone tissue. Fluorine can stimulate the crystallization and mineralization of calcium phosphate salts during bone formation. Fluorapatite (FA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 ), which is formed by completely replacing the hydroxyl groups in hydroxyapatite with fluorine, can reduce its solubility to a large extent. However, fluoroapatite does not have osteoconductivity, and because of its high fluorine content, the probability of fluoride ion dissolution is greater, which will adversely affect cells or tissues, and its biological activity will be inhibited.
  • Fluorapatite FA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2
  • fluorohydroxyapatite FHA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2-x (OH) x with good biocompatibility and chemical stability
  • the preparation method of fluorohydroxyapatite also includes solid-phase reaction sintering method, thermal decomposition method, co-precipitation method, etc. Although these methods can prepare fluorohydroxyapatite with different fluorine content, their application is limited due to their high production cost, complicated operation process and difficult control.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying fluoroapatite and a method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics.
  • the method performs flotation purification and phosphoric acid leaching purification of fluoroapatite, And on this basis, a new method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite at low cost is provided.
  • the new method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite uses fluoroapatite ore as a raw material, and uses flotation-phosphoric acid leaching to purify it.
  • the process of dissolving and recrystallizing concentrated nitric acid is modified to obtain fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics that can be used as a substitute for human hard tissues.
  • the fluoroapatite purification method of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Flotation purification
  • the grinding is to obtain fluorapatite ore powder with a particle size of less than 0.074 mm and a mass percentage of 70% to 80%;
  • the stirring and slurry adjustment is adding water and stirring to obtain a coarse beneficiation slurry with a mass concentration of 20%-25%;
  • the adding inhibitor is adding sodium carbonate and sodium silicate respectively, and the total mass concentration of the added sodium carbonate and sodium silicate in the crude beneficiation slurry is determined according to the proportion of gangue minerals in the fluoroapatite ore;
  • the collector is sodium oleate, and the mass concentration of sodium oleate in the crude beneficiation slurry is determined according to the proportion of fluoroapatite in the fluoroapatite ore;
  • the said slurry adjustment is: adding water to the rough concentrate to obtain a flotation slurry with a mass concentration of 20%-25%;
  • the pH value is adjusted, and the pH value of the flotation slurry is adjusted to 7-9;
  • the adding inhibitor is adding sodium carbonate and sodium silicate respectively, and the total mass concentration of the added sodium carbonate and sodium silicate in the mass concentration of the flotation slurry is determined according to the proportion of gangue minerals in the rough concentrate;
  • the selection is 0 to 2 times, which is determined according to the nature of the original ore and the requirements for the final product;
  • Step 2 Phosphoric acid extraction and purification
  • Solid-liquid separation is performed on the leached pulp after the reaction, and the obtained solid matter is washed until the mass is constant and the pH is 7.0 ⁇ 0.1, and then dried to obtain purified fluoroapatite after drying.
  • the content of MgO in the fluoroapatite ore is ⁇ 6%.
  • step 1 (1) the specific steps of fluorapatite ore roughing are as follows:
  • the stirring speed is 1600 ⁇ 2500rpm, the purpose of which is to allow the fluoroapatite ore and the agent to fully function to improve the surface properties of the minerals and increase the floatability between the minerals Difference and separation.
  • the air inflation rate is 0.2 to 0.35 m 3 /h.
  • the roughing time is 0.5 to 3.5 min.
  • step 1 (2) the specific steps of roughing concentrate beneficiation are:
  • the beneficiation tailings are returned to the coarse beneficiation slurry for a second coarse beneficiation.
  • step 1 (1) the roughing tailings are scanned, and the specific steps are:
  • the sweeping concentrate is returned to the roughing slurry for roughing again, and the sweeping tailings are the final tailings.
  • the roughing tailings can be added with water to configure the roughing tailings flotation slurry with a mass concentration of 20% to 25%, and the sweeping is performed.
  • the drying temperature is 100-150°C, and the drying time is 7-9h.
  • the method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics from fluoroapatite of the present invention includes the flotation purification of step 1 and the phosphoric acid leaching purification of step 2, and further includes the following steps:
  • Step 3 Dissolve and recrystallize concentrated nitric acid
  • the fluorohydroxyapatite powder is calcined and cooled to room temperature to obtain a fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramic; wherein the calcining temperature is 800-900°C, and the calcining time is 1 to 2 hours.
  • the method for determining the complete removal of the drug is to determine whether the drug is completely removed by detecting the content of the drug in the lotion or detecting whether there is a characteristic functional group of the drug in the product.
  • the fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics prepared by the present invention have a crystallinity of ⁇ 98%, wherein the mass percentage of fluorine ⁇ (F) is 0 ⁇ (F) ⁇ 1.0%, and the mass percentage of hydroxyl group ⁇ (OH ) Is 2.4% ⁇ (OH) ⁇ 3.4%, that is, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.53 and 1.47 ⁇ 2-x ⁇ 2 in Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F x (OH) 2-x .
  • the fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics prepared by the present invention contain trace elements and the proportion of each trace element in the fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics: As ⁇ 3mg/kg, Cd ⁇ 3mg/kg, Hg ⁇ 3mg/kg, Pb ⁇ 20mg/kg, meeting the requirements of GB 23101.2 "Surgical Implants ⁇ Hydroxyapatite" on the limit content of specific elements of apatite biological materials.
  • the fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics prepared by the invention are used to synthesize human body hard tissue substitute materials.
  • the fluoroapatite purification method and the method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics of the present invention have the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
  • the present invention provides a new idea and new method for the preparation of fluorohydroxyapatite, a synthetic raw material for human hard tissue substitute materials.
  • the present invention uses low-priced fluorapatite ore as raw material, purifies and modifies it through the process of flotation-phosphoric acid leaching-concentrated nitric acid dissolution and recrystallization, and obtains fluorine that can be used for the synthesis of human hard tissue substitute materials.
  • Hydroxyapatite has the characteristics of low production cost, simple process and easy operation.
  • the method of the present invention uses fluorapatite ore as a raw material, firstly through a flotation process to remove the gangue minerals in the fluorapatite ore to obtain fluorapatite concentrate; and then adopt the phosphoric acid leaching method Carry out secondary purification to further remove the gangue minerals and some harmful elements in the apatite concentrate, to obtain a higher purity fluoroapatite product; finally, through the concentrated nitric acid dissolution and recrystallization process to further reduce the harmful elements in the fluoroapatite mineral
  • the content of fluorine is increased to improve its purity; and through the modification of chemical components in the acid solution recrystallization process, hydroxyl groups are introduced into fluoroapatite to form fluorohydroxyapatite to reduce the fluorine content and realize the modified preparation of fluoroapatite , To obtain fluorohydroxyapatite that can be used in the synthesis of biomedical materials.
  • the method uses low-price
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics from fluoroapatite in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of the fluoroapatite purification method of Example 4 of the present invention.
  • the ceramic ball mill is used to grind the ore
  • the XFDIV single-tank flotation machine is used for flotation separation
  • the XJTII inflatable multifunctional leaching mixer is used for phosphoric acid leaching and purification
  • the KBF16Q type muffle furnace is used for roasting.
  • the ore sample used in the embodiment of the present invention is the fluorapatite mine produced in Xinpu, Lianyungang, Jiangsu.
  • the useful mineral in the ore product is fluorapatite, and the main gangue minerals are quartz and carbonate minerals dolomite and calcite.
  • the ore samples used in the examples of the present invention were tested, and the weight percentage of fluoroapatite was calculated to be 72.36%, the weight percentage of dolomite and calcite were 10.11% and 7.03%, and the weight percentage of quartz was 5.68%. The amount is unavoidable impurities.
  • the inhibitor sodium carbonate and sodium silicate used in the embodiment of the present invention are analytical reagents.
  • the collector sodium oleate used in the embodiment of the invention is a chemically pure reagent.
  • the leaching agent phosphoric acid used in the embodiment of the present invention is an analytical reagent.
  • the NaOH used in the embodiment of the present invention is an analytical reagent.
  • the nitric acid used in the embodiment of the present invention is an analytical reagent.
  • Step 1 Flotation purification
  • the fluorapatite ore is wet-milled with a ceramic ball mill, and the grain size is less than 0.074mm.
  • the product accounts for about 80% of the total material weight to obtain fluorapatite ore powder.
  • the quality of the ore is The concentration is 75%;
  • the mass concentration of the dry-based components in the coarse beneficiation slurry is 1000g/t, and the coarse beneficiation is carried out for 3min at an aeration rate of 0.35m 3 /h to obtain the coarse beneficiation concentrate and separate the coarse beneficiation tailings containing dolomite and calcite ;
  • Step 2 Phosphoric acid extraction and purification
  • Step 3 Dissolve and recrystallize concentrated nitric acid
  • the fluorohydroxyapatite sample is measured by EDTA complexometric titration
  • the fluoroapatite ore used in this example is the same as that in example 1.
  • Step 1 Flotation purification
  • the fluorapatite ore is wet-milled with a ceramic ball mill to a particle size of less than 0.074 mm.
  • the product accounts for about 77% of the total material weight to obtain fluorapatite ore powder.
  • the quality of the ore is The concentration is 75%;
  • Step 2 Phosphoric acid extraction and purification
  • Fluorapatite is a pure mineral.
  • Step 3 Dissolve and recrystallize concentrated nitric acid
  • the obtained precipitate After washing the obtained precipitate with deionized water and absolute ethanol, it is placed in an oven at 105°C to dry for 8 hours to remove the adsorbed water in the sample, and a product with better fluorohydroxyapatite crystals can be obtained.
  • the crystal size It is 3 8.1nm, the obtained fluorohydroxyapatite sample is ground to a particle size of less than 0.074mm to obtain fluorohydroxyapatite powder;
  • the fluoroapatite ore used in this example is the same as that in example 1.
  • Step 1 Flotation purification
  • the fluorapatite ore is wet-milled with a ceramic ball mill to a particle size of less than 0.074 mm.
  • the product accounts for about 77% of the total material weight to obtain fluorapatite ore powder.
  • the quality of the ore is The concentration is 75%;
  • the roughing tailings are configured into a roughing tailings flotation slurry with a mass concentration of 20%, and the collector sodium oleate is added and stirred for 3 minutes.
  • the added amount of sodium oleate accounts for the dry basis mass of the roughing tailings flotation slurry
  • the concentration of the flotation slurry is 150g/t, and the sweeping is carried out once, and the sweeping time is 1.5min, and the sweeping concentrate and the final tailings are obtained.
  • the sweeping concentrate obtained by the sweeping is returned to the roughing slurry for roughing again .
  • Step 2 Phosphoric acid extraction and purification
  • Step 3 Dissolve and recrystallize concentrated nitric acid
  • a fluorapatite purification method its process flow chart is shown in Figure 2. The method is carried out in the following steps:
  • Step 1 Flotation purification
  • the added amount accounts for the mass concentration of the dry-based components in the coarse beneficiation slurry at 800g/t, and then stirs for 2min under the condition of 0.2m 3 /h with aeration rate for 0.5min to obtain coarse beneficiation concentrate and coarse beneficiation tailings ;
  • the roughing tailings are configured into a roughing tailings flotation slurry with a mass concentration of 25%, and the collector sodium oleate is added and stirred for 2 minutes.
  • the amount of sodium oleate added accounts for the dry basis mass concentration of the roughing tailings flotation slurry 250g/t, carry out 1 sweeping, sweeping time is 2.5min, get sweeping concentrate and sweeping tailings, sweeping concentrate is returned to the roughing slurry for roughing again, sweeping tailings is the final Tailings.
  • Step 2 Phosphoric acid extraction and purification
  • a fluorapatite purification method same as Example 4, the difference lies in:
  • step 1 (3) the number of sweeps is 0.
  • a method for preparing fluorohydroxyapatite bioceramics from fluoroapatite specifically includes the following steps:
  • the purified fluoroapatite prepared in Example 4 was used as a raw material, and the following operations were performed:
  • Step 3 Dissolve and recrystallize concentrated nitric acid
  • the solution is filtered with a 0.45 ⁇ m inorganic microporous membrane to obtain impurities and filtrate;
  • the pH value of the filtrate was adjusted to 12.0 with NaOH, and placed in a water bath at a temperature of 60°C, stirred for 1 hour, allowed to stand, aged for 24 hours, and filtered to obtain a precipitate;

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Abstract

一种氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,属于矿物加工技术领域。该氟磷灰石提纯方法为:将氟磷灰石矿石进行研磨、搅拌调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂和捕收剂后、充气进行粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿;将粗选精矿进行调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂进行精选,得到氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿;将氟磷灰石精矿,加水调浆,再加入磷酸浸出,固液分离,干燥后,得到提纯氟磷灰石。将提纯氟磷灰石加水搅拌脱除药剂、加入浓硝酸溶解,加入NaOH进行羟基反应,焙烧晶化后,得到氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷。

Description

氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法 技术领域
本发明属于矿物加工技术领域,涉及一种制备具有高附加值生物材料的原材料——氟羟基磷灰石的制备方法,具体涉及一种氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法。
背景技术
全球每年有数百万人患有骨科类疾病。据统计,全世界每年约有50余万人因骨折、骨关节炎、骨肿瘤等疾病而接受人工关节置换手术,我国每年有3~5万人接受人工关节手术。其中,人工合成的生物材料将成为治疗骨组织疾病或牙缺损的首选材料,同时,随着全球老龄化趋势的发展,将有越来越多的人需要人体软硬组织与器官修复以延长寿命。因此人体硬组织替代材料的研究与制备具有重要理论和实践意义。
羟基磷灰石(HA或HAP,Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2)因与生物体硬组织有着相似的化学成分和结构,而具有良好的生物相容性和骨组织诱导性,植入人体后对组织无刺激和排斥作用,因此被认为是人体硬组织替换材料的理想选择。虽然羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷材料的生物活性好,但在应用中存在溶解度较大、稳定性较差的缺点。故在其应用中,为了满足临床使用的要求,常采用化学组分修饰的方法向羟基磷灰石中引入适当的微量元素来改善其溶解特性,以获得高品质生物活性的植入体。
氟是人体必需的微量元素,存在于牙釉质和骨组织中,氟能刺激骨形成过程中的钙磷盐的结晶和矿化。由氟全部取代羟基磷灰石中的羟基而形成的氟磷灰石(FA,Ca 10(PO 4) 6F 2),可较大程度地降低其溶解度。但氟磷灰石不具骨传导性,且因氟含量较高,氟离子溶出的几率较大而对细胞或组织产生不利影响,生物活性受到抑制。因此,通过在羟基磷灰石中引入适量的氟以形成兼具良好生物相容性和化学稳定性的氟羟基磷灰石(FHA,Ca 10(PO 4) 6F 2-x(OH) x)是优化其性能 的主要途径。
除采用向羟基磷灰石中引入氟的方法外,氟羟基磷灰石的制备方法还包括固相反应烧结法,热分解法,共沉淀法等。虽然这些方法均能制备出不同氟含量的氟羟基磷灰石,但其生产成本高,操作过程复杂且不易控制等的缺点使其应用受到限制。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
针对现有技术的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,该方法对氟磷灰石进行浮选提纯和磷酸浸出提纯,并在此基础上提供一种低成本制备氟羟基磷灰石的新方法,该制备氟羟基磷灰石的新方法以氟磷灰矿石为原料,采用浮选-磷酸浸出对其进行提纯,采用浓硝酸溶解再结晶的工艺对其进行改性,以获得可用作人体硬组织替代材料合成的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷。
本发明的一种氟磷灰石提纯方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:浮选提纯
(1)氟磷灰石矿石粗选
将氟磷灰石矿石进行研磨、搅拌调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂和捕收剂后、充气进行粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿;
所述的研磨为,得到0.074mm以下粒级的质量百分比为70%~80%的氟磷灰石矿石粉;
所述的搅拌调浆为,加入水搅拌,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的粗选矿浆;
所述的调节pH值为,调节粗选矿浆的pH值为7~9;
所述的加入抑制剂为,分别加入碳酸钠和硅酸钠,加入的碳酸钠和硅酸钠总量占粗选矿浆的质量浓度根据氟磷灰石矿石中脉石矿物的占比确定;所述的捕收剂为油酸钠,加入油酸钠占粗选矿浆的质量浓度根据氟磷灰石矿石中氟磷灰石的占比确定;
(2)粗选精矿精选
将粗选精矿进行调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂进行精选,得到氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿;
所述的调浆为,向粗选精矿中加入水,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的浮选矿浆;
所述的调节pH值为,调节浮选矿浆的pH值为7~9;
所述的加入抑制剂为,分别加入碳酸钠和硅酸钠,加入的碳酸钠和硅酸钠的总量占浮选矿浆的质量浓度根据粗选精矿中脉石矿物的占比确定;所述的精选为0~2次,根据原矿性质和对最终产品的要求确定;
步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
将氟磷灰石精矿,加入去离子水,得到质量浓度为10%~20%的浸出矿浆;
向浸出矿浆中,加入浸出剂磷酸后,搅拌均匀,进行磷酸浸出,得到浸出后的矿浆;其中,磷酸占浸出矿浆的质量体积浓度为80~100g/L;
将反应结束后的浸出后的矿浆进行固液分离,将得到的固体物质冲洗至质量恒定并且pH为7.0±0.1后,进行干燥,得到干燥后的提纯氟磷灰石。
所述的步骤1(1)中,氟磷灰石矿石中,MgO含量≤6%。
所述的步骤1(1)中,氟磷灰石矿石粗选的具体步骤为:
1)将氟磷灰石矿石进行研磨,得到0.074mm以下粒级的质量百分比为70%~80%的氟磷灰石矿石粉;
2)向氟磷灰石矿石粉中加入水,进行调浆,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的粗选矿浆;
3)向粗选矿浆中加入NaOH调节粗选矿浆pH值为7~9,并搅拌均匀,得到pH值为7~9的粗选矿浆;
4)向pH值为7~9的粗选矿浆中,分别加入抑制剂碳酸钠和抑制剂硅酸钠,搅拌均匀后,再加入捕收剂油酸钠,得到浮选矿浆;其中,碳酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为2000~3000g/t;硅酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1000~1500g/t;油酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为800~1000g/t;
5)向浮选矿浆中充气,进行粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿。
所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的搅拌,搅拌速率为1600~2500rpm,其目的是为了让 氟磷灰石矿石和药剂充分作用,以改善矿物表面特性,增大矿物间可浮性差异,实现分离。
所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的充气,空气充气量为0.2~0.35m 3/h。
所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的粗选,粗选时间为0.5~3.5min。
所述的步骤1(2)中,粗选精矿精选的具体步骤为:
1)将粗选精矿加入水进行调浆,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的精矿浮选矿浆;
2)向精矿浮选矿浆中,加入NaOH调节pH值为7~9,并搅拌均匀,得到pH值为7~9的精矿浮选矿浆;
3)向pH值为7~9的精矿浮选矿浆中,分别加入抑制剂碳酸钠和抑制剂硅酸钠,搅拌均匀后,进行0~2次精选,得到氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿;其中,抑制剂碳酸钠占精矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为400~600g/t,抑制剂硅酸钠占精矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为150~250g/t,精选时间为2~3.5min。
所述的步骤1(2)中,所述的精选尾矿,返回粗选矿浆中,进行再次粗选。
进一步的,所述的步骤1(1)中,对粗选尾矿进行扫选,具体步骤为:
1)向粗选尾矿中加入捕收剂油酸钠,搅拌均匀,得到粗选尾矿浮选矿浆;其中,油酸钠占粗选尾矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为150~250g/t;
2)对粗选尾矿浮选矿浆进行0~2次扫选,得到扫选精矿和扫选尾矿;其中,扫选时间为1.5~2.5min。
所述的扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选,扫选尾矿为最终尾矿。
进一步的,对粗选尾矿进行扫选前,可以将粗选尾矿加入水配置成质量浓度为20%~25%的粗选尾矿浮选矿浆,在进行扫选。
所述的步骤2中,所述的干燥,干燥温度为100~150℃,干燥时间为7~9h。
本发明的一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,包括步骤1的浮选提纯、步骤2的磷酸浸出提纯,还包括以下步骤:
步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
(1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
向提纯氟磷灰石中,加入40~90℃的去离子水,进行搅拌,反复浸洗,完全脱除药剂,得到去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石;
(2)浓硝酸溶解
将去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石置于反应容器中,加入体积浓度为40%~60%的浓硝酸进行溶解,持续搅拌,待提纯氟磷灰石完全溶解后,进行过滤除杂,得到杂质和滤液;其中,浓硝酸的加入量为将提纯氟磷灰石完全溶解的量;
(3)羟基反应
向滤液中加入NaOH,调节pH值为4.0~12.0后,置于40~60℃中,搅拌反应1~2h,静置,陈化结晶24~30h,过滤得到沉淀物;
将沉淀物进行洗涤、干燥、研磨,得到粒径为0.074mm的氟羟基磷灰石粉;
(4)焙烧晶化
将氟羟基磷灰石粉进行焙烧,冷却至室温,得到氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷;其中,焙烧温度为800~900℃,焙烧时间为1~2h。
所述的步骤3(1)中,完全脱除药剂判断方法为:通过检测洗液中药剂的含量或检测产品中是否有药剂的特征官能团,从而判定是否完全脱除药剂。
本发明制备的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,结晶度≥98%,其中,氟的质量百分含量ω(F)为0<ω(F)≤1.0%,羟基的质量百分含量ω(OH)为2.4%≤ω(OH)≤3.4%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2-x中0<x≤0.53,1.47≤2-x≤2。
本发明制备的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,其含有的微量元素及各个微量元素的在氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷中的占比为:As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb≤20mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2《外科植入物·羟基磷灰石》关于磷灰石生物材料的特定元素极限含量的规定。
本发明制备的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,用于合成人体硬组织替代材料。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种氟磷灰石提纯方法及其制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,其特点和有益效果是:
1、本发明为人体硬组织替代材料的合成原材料——氟羟基磷灰石的制备提供了一种新思路和新方法。
2、本发明以价格低廉的氟磷灰石矿为原材料,通过浮选-磷酸浸出-浓硝酸 溶解再结晶的工艺对其进行提纯和改性,获得了可用于人体硬组织替代材料合成的氟羟基磷灰石,具有生产成本低、工艺简单和易于操作等特点。
3、创新性地提出向氟磷灰石中引入羟基取代氟而以较低成本制备氟羟基磷灰石的方法。抛弃了向羟基磷灰石中引入氟原子取代羟基制备氟羟基磷灰石的固有模式,避免了传统工艺中生产过程中成本高、操作复杂且不易控制的问题,为满足生物材料使用要求的氟羟基磷灰石的制备提出新思路。
4、本发明的方法以氟磷灰石矿为原料,首先通过浮选工艺进行一级提出,除去氟磷灰石矿中的脉石矿物,得到氟磷灰石精矿;继而采用磷酸浸出法进行二级提纯进一步除去磷灰石精矿中的脉石矿物和部分有害元素,得到纯度较高的氟磷灰石产品;最后通过浓硝酸溶解再结晶工艺进一步降低氟磷灰石矿物中有害元素的含量,提高其纯度;且通过酸溶再结晶过程中的化学组分修饰,向氟磷灰石中引入羟基形成氟羟基磷灰石来降低氟含量,实现对氟磷灰石的改性制备,获得可用于生物医用材料合成的氟羟基磷灰石。该方法在常温常压下采用价格低廉的氟磷灰石矿生产具有高附加值的人体硬组织替代材料的合成原料——氟羟基磷灰石,具有重要的实际意义和经济价值。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法的工艺流程图。
图2为本发明实施例4的氟磷灰石提纯方法的工艺流程框图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明实施例中采用
Figure PCTCN2019078942-appb-000001
陶瓷球磨机磨矿,采用XFDIV型单槽式浮选机进行浮选选别,采用XJTII充气多功能浸出搅拌机进行磷酸浸出提纯和采用KBF16Q型马弗炉进行焙烧。
本发明实施例使用的矿样为江苏连云港新浦所产的氟磷灰石矿,矿石产品中有用矿物为氟磷灰石,主要脉石矿物为石英和碳酸盐矿物白云石和方解石。
对本发明实施例使用的矿样进行检测,计算得到氟磷灰石重量百分含量为72.36%,白云石和方解石重量百分含量分别为10.11%和7.03%,石英重量百分含量为5.68%,余量为不可避免的杂质。
本发明实施例采用的抑制剂碳酸钠和硅酸钠为分析纯试剂。
本发明实施例采用的捕收剂油酸钠为化学纯试剂。
本发明实施例采用的浸出剂磷酸为分析纯试剂。
本发明实施例采用的NaOH为分析纯试剂。
本发明实施例采用的硝酸为分析纯试剂。
实施例1
一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,其工艺流程图见图1,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:浮选提纯
(1)氟磷灰石矿石粗选
将氟磷灰石矿石,采用陶瓷球磨机进行湿法球磨,磨至小于0.074mm粒级产品约占总物料重量的80%,得到氟磷灰石矿石粉,其中,湿法球磨中,磨矿质量浓度为75%;
将磨后的氟磷灰石矿石粉转移到浮选设备中加水进行调浆,获得质量浓度为25%的粗选矿浆;其中,搅拌速度为2200rpm;
向粗选矿浆中,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为9,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为3000g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min,硅酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1500g/t,最后加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1000g/t,在充气量为0.35m 3/h进行3min的粗选,得到粗选精矿,并分离出含白云石和方解石的粗选尾矿;
(2)粗选精矿精选
将粗选精矿加入水,配置成质量浓度为25%的浮选矿浆,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为9,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为500g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min, 硅酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分为150g/t,进行1次精选,精选时间为3min,可获得氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿,其中,氟磷灰石精矿中P 2O 5含量为36.04%,回收率为89.72%,精选获得的精选尾矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选;
(3)粗选尾矿扫选
将粗选尾矿,加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选尾矿中干基质量浓度为250g/t,进行1次扫选,扫选时间为2.5min,获得扫选精矿和扫选尾矿,扫选获得的扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选,扫选尾矿为最终尾矿。
步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
取25.00g的氟磷灰石精矿置于浸出槽中,加入100mL去离子水调浆,再加入40mL浓度为2mol/L的磷酸后搅拌5min进行磷酸浸出;待磷酸浸出反应完全后,采用抽滤机进行固液分离,将固体物质加入去离子水进行冲洗,待质量不再变化且pH值为7.0时停止;最后在温度为105℃的烘箱内干燥8h,可得到P 2O 5含量为39.88%的氟磷灰石纯矿物。
步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
(1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
向氟磷灰石纯矿物中,加入60℃的去离子水,采用搅拌机进行搅拌,反复浸洗,完全脱除药剂,得到去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石;
(2)浓硝酸溶解
取21.00g去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石置于烧杯中,缓慢匀速加入30mL体积浓度为50%的浓硝酸进行溶解,持续搅拌60min待磷灰石矿物完全溶解后,采用0.45μm的无机微孔滤膜对溶液进行过滤,去除酸不溶物,得到杂质和滤液;
(3)羟基反应
随后,向滤液中加入一定量的NaOH溶液将滤液调至pH值为11.0,并置于水浴温度为60℃的磁力搅拌器中,搅拌1h后,静置,陈化24h后,过滤得到沉淀物;
将所得到的沉淀物经去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤后,置于105℃的烘箱干燥8h,除去样品中的吸附水,可得到氟羟基磷灰石结晶较好的产品,其结晶的粒度为33.9nm;将获得的氟羟基磷灰石样品研磨至0.074mm以下,得到氟羟基磷灰石粉 ;
(4)焙烧晶化
将氟羟基磷灰石粉置于马弗炉内在温度为800℃下焙烧1h,可获得结晶度为98.86%的氟羟基磷灰石晶体,通过EDTA络合滴定法测氟羟基磷灰石样品中F含量为0.25%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2-x中x为0.13,2-x为1.85,该产品中As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb=20mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2-2008对外科植入物的要求。
实施例2
本实施例所用的氟磷灰石矿同实施例1。
一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,其工艺流程图见图1,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:浮选提纯
(1)氟磷灰石矿石粗选
将氟磷灰石矿石,采用陶瓷球磨机进行湿法球磨,磨至小于0.074mm粒级产品约占总物料重量的77%,得到氟磷灰石矿石粉,其中,湿法球磨中,磨矿质量浓度为75%;
将磨后的氟磷灰石矿石粉转移到浮选设备中加水进行调浆,获得质量浓度为20%的粗选矿浆;其中,在搅拌速度为2000rpm;
向粗选矿浆中,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为8,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为2500g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min,硅酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1250g/t,最后加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为900g/t,然后在充气量为0.35m 3/h进行2.5min的粗选,得到粗选精矿,并分离出含白云石和方解石的粗选尾矿;
(2)粗选精矿精选
将粗选精矿加入水,配置成质量浓度为20%的浮选矿浆,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为8,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为450g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min, 硅酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为200g/t,进行1次精选,精选时间为2.5min,可获得氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿,其中,氟磷灰石精矿中P 2O 5含量为37.55%,回收率为88.36%,精选获得的精选尾矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选;
(3)粗选尾矿扫选
将粗选尾矿,加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选尾矿中干基质量浓度为200g/t,进行1次扫选,扫选时间为2.0min,获得扫选精矿和最终尾矿,扫选获得的扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选。
步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
取25.00g的氟磷灰石精矿置于浸出槽中,加入150mL去离子水调浆,再加入70mL浓度为2mol/L的磷酸后搅拌5min进行磷酸浸出;待磷酸浸出反应完全后,采用抽滤机进行固液分离,将固体物质加入去离子水进行冲洗,直到质量不再变化且pH值为7.0;最后在温度为105℃的烘箱内干燥8h,可得到P 2O 5含量为40.78%氟磷灰石纯矿物。
步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
(1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
将氟磷灰石纯矿物,加入80℃的去离子水,采用搅拌机进行强力搅拌,反复浸洗,脱除药剂,获得去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石;
(2)浓硝酸溶解
取21.00g去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石纯矿物置于100mL烧杯中,缓慢匀速加入40mL体积浓度为50%的浓硝酸进行溶解,持续搅拌60min待磷灰石矿物完全溶解后,采用0.45μm的无机微孔滤膜对溶液进行过滤,去除酸不溶物,得到杂质和滤液;
(3)羟基反应
随后,向滤液中加入一定量的NaOH溶液将滤液调至pH值为8.0,并置于水浴温度为50℃的磁力搅拌器中,搅拌1h后,静置,陈化24h后,过滤得到沉淀物;
将所得到的沉淀物经去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤后,置于105℃的烘箱干燥8h,除去样品中的吸附水,可得到氟羟基磷灰石结晶较好的产品,其结晶的粒度为3 8.1nm,将获得的氟羟基磷灰石样品研磨至粒度小于0.074mm,得到氟羟基磷灰石粉;
(4)焙烧晶化
将氟羟基磷灰石粉置于马弗炉内在温度为800℃下进行焙烧1h可获得结晶度为98.32%的氟羟基磷灰石晶体,其中F含量为0.34%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2-x中x为0.16,2-x为1.84,该产品中As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb=20mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2-2008对外科植入物的要求。
实施例3
本实施例所用的氟磷灰石矿同实施例1。
一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,其工艺流程图见图1,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:浮选提纯
(1)氟磷灰石矿石粗选
将氟磷灰石矿石,采用陶瓷球磨机进行湿法球磨,磨至小于0.074mm粒级产品约占总物料重量的77%,得到氟磷灰石矿石粉,其中,湿法球磨中,磨矿质量浓度为75%;
将磨后的氟磷灰石矿石粉转移到浮选设备中加水进行调浆,获得质量浓度为20%的粗选矿浆;其中,在搅拌速度为1800rpm;
向粗选矿浆中,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为7,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为2000g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min,硅酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1000g/t,最后加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为800g/t,然后在充气量为0.35m 3/h进行3min的粗选,得到粗选精矿,并分离出含白云石和方解石的粗选尾矿;
(2)粗选精矿精选
将粗选精矿加入水,配置成质量浓度为20%的浮选矿浆,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为7,并搅拌3min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌3min,碳酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为400g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌3min, 硅酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为250g/t,进行1次精选,精选时间为2.5min,可获得氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿,其中,氟磷灰石精矿中P 2O 5含量为38.54%,回收率为85.96%,精选获得的精选尾矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选;
(3)粗选尾矿扫选
将粗选尾矿,配置成质量浓度为20%的粗选尾矿浮选矿浆,加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌3min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选尾矿浮选矿浆中干基质量浓度为150g/t浮选矿浆,进行1次扫选,扫选时间为1.5min,获得扫选精矿和最终尾矿,扫选获得的扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选。
步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
取25.00g的氟磷灰石精矿置于浸出槽中,加入200mL去离子水调浆后,再加入100mL浓度为2mol/L的磷酸后搅拌5min进行磷酸浸出;待磷酸浸出反应完全后,采用抽滤机进行固液分离,将固体物质加入去离子水进行冲洗至质量不再变化且pH值为7.0;最后在温度为105℃的烘箱内干燥8h,可得到P 2O 5含量为41.52%的氟磷灰石纯矿物。
步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
(1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
向氟磷灰石纯矿物中,加入75℃的去离子水,采用搅拌机进行搅拌,反复浸洗,完全脱除药剂,得到去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石;
(2)浓硝酸溶解
取21.00g去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石纯矿物置于100mL烧杯中,缓慢匀速加入45mL体积浓度为50%的浓硝酸进行溶解,持续搅拌60min待磷灰石矿物完全溶解后,采用0.45μm的无机微孔滤膜对溶液进行过滤,去除酸不溶物,得到杂质和滤液;
(3)羟基反应
随后,向滤液中加入一定量的NaOH溶液将滤液调至pH值为4.5,并置于水浴温度为40℃的磁力搅拌器中,搅拌1h后,静置,陈化24h后,过滤得到沉淀物;
将所得到的沉淀物经去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤后,置于105℃的烘箱干燥8h, 除去样品中的吸附水,可得到氟羟基磷灰石结晶较好的产品,其结晶的粒度为27.9nm;将获得的氟羟基磷灰石样品进行研磨至粒度小于0.074mm,得到氟羟基磷灰石粉;
(4)焙烧晶化
将氟羟基磷灰石粉置于马弗炉内在温度为900℃下进行焙烧1h可获得结晶度为97.65%的氟羟基磷灰石晶体,其中F含量为0.91%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2-x中x为0.48,2-x为1.52,该产品中As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb=17mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2-2008对外科植入物的要求。
实施例4
一种氟磷灰石提纯方法,其工艺流程图见图2,该方法按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:浮选提纯
采取氟磷灰石矿石将其磨至0.074mm以下粒级含量为70%,得到氟磷灰石粉;
将氟磷灰石粉置于浮选槽中加水进行调浆,获得质量浓度为20%的粗选矿浆;其中,搅拌速度为2400rpm;
向粗选矿浆中,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为9,并搅拌2min,再加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌2min,碳酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为2700g/t,再加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌2min,硅酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1200g/t,最后,加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌2min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为800g/t,然后,充气量为0.2m 3/h条件下搅拌2min,进行0.5min的粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿;
(2)粗选精矿精选
将粗选精矿配置成质量浓度为20%的浮选矿浆,加入pH调整剂NaOH调节矿浆pH值为9并搅拌2min,加入抑制剂碳酸钠搅拌2min,碳酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为550g/t,加入抑制剂硅酸钠搅拌2min,硅酸钠的加入量占浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为200g/t浮选矿样,进行1次精选,精选时间为3.5min,获得氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿,其中,氟磷灰石精矿中P 2O 5含量为38.14%,回收率为87.93%,精选获得的精选尾矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选;
(3)粗选尾矿扫选
将粗选尾矿配置成质量浓度为25%的粗选尾矿浮选矿浆,加入捕收剂油酸钠搅拌2min,油酸钠的加入量占粗选尾矿浮选矿浆中干基质量浓度为250g/t,进行1次扫选,扫选时间为2.5min,获得扫选精矿和扫选尾矿,扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选,扫选尾矿为最终尾矿。
步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
将25.00g氟磷灰石精矿加100mL去离子水,加入40mL浓度为2mol/L浸出剂磷酸后在常温下搅拌4min;反应结束后进行固液分离,将固体物质加入去离子水冲洗至质量不再变化且pH值为7.0;最后在温度为105℃的烘箱内干燥8h,得到提纯氟磷灰石;其中,提纯氟磷灰石中,P 2O 5含量为40.93%。
实施例5
一种氟磷灰石提纯方法,同实施例4,不同之处在于:
步骤1(3)中,扫选的次数为0次。
实施例6
一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
在实施例4制备的提纯氟磷灰石作为原料,进行如下操作:
步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
(1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
将氟磷灰石纯矿物,加入70℃的去离子水,采用搅拌机进行强力搅拌,反复浸洗,脱除药剂,获得去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石。
(2)浓硝酸溶解
取21.00g去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石纯矿物置于烧杯中,缓慢匀速加入35mL体积浓度为50%的浓硝酸进行溶解,
持续搅拌30min待提纯氟磷灰石完全溶解后,采用0.45μm的无机微孔滤膜对溶液进行过滤,得到杂质和滤液;
(3)羟基反应
随后,向滤液中,用NaOH将滤液pH值调至12.0,并置于温度为60℃的水浴中,搅拌1h后,静置,陈化24h后过滤得到沉淀物;
将沉淀物,采用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤后,置于105℃的烘箱干燥8h;将烘干的氟羟基磷灰石研磨至0.074mm以下,得到氟羟基磷灰石粉;
(4)焙烧晶化
将氟羟基磷灰石粉,置于马弗炉内焙烧1h,焙烧温度为800℃,取出冷却至室温后获得最终氟羟基磷灰石产品。产品结晶度为98%,其中F含量为0.20%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2-x中x为0.11,2-x为1.89,且该产品中的微量元素含量为:As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb≤20mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2-2008《外科植入物·羟基磷灰石》关于磷灰石生物材料的特定元素极限含量的规定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤1:浮选提纯
    (1)氟磷灰石矿石粗选
    将氟磷灰石矿石进行研磨、搅拌调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂和捕收剂后、充气进行粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿;
    所述的研磨为,得到0.074mm以下粒级的质量百分比为70%~80%的氟磷灰石矿石粉;
    所述的搅拌调浆为,加入水搅拌,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的粗选矿浆;
    所述的调节pH值为,调节粗选矿浆的pH值为7~9;
    所述的加入抑制剂为,分别加入碳酸钠和硅酸钠,加入的碳酸钠和硅酸钠总量占粗选矿浆的质量浓度根据氟磷灰石矿石中脉石矿物的占比确定;所述的捕收剂为油酸钠,加入油酸钠占粗选矿浆的质量浓度根据氟磷灰石矿石中氟磷灰石的占比确定;
    (2)粗选精矿精选
    将粗选精矿进行调浆、调节pH值、加入抑制剂进行精选,得到氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿;
    所述的调浆为,向粗选精矿中加入水,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的浮选矿浆;
    所述的调节pH值为,调节浮选矿浆的pH值为7~9;
    所述的加入抑制剂为,分别加入碳酸钠和硅酸钠,加入的碳酸钠和硅酸钠的总量占浮选矿浆的质量浓度根据粗选精矿中脉石矿物的占比确定;所述的精选为0~2次,根据原矿性质和对最终产品的要求确定;
    步骤2:磷酸浸出提纯
    将氟磷灰石精矿,加入去离子水,得到质量浓度为10%~20%的浸出矿浆;
    向浸出矿浆中,加入浸出剂磷酸后,搅拌均匀,进行磷酸浸出,得到浸出后的矿浆;其中,磷酸占浸出矿浆的质量体积浓度为80~100g/L;
    将反应结束后的浸出后的矿浆进行固液分离,将得到的固体物质冲洗至质量恒定并且pH为7.0±0.1后,进行干燥,得到干燥后的提纯氟磷灰石。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,氟磷灰石矿石中,MgO含量≤6%。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,氟磷灰石矿石粗选的具体步骤为:
    1)将氟磷灰石矿石进行研磨,得到0.074mm以下粒级的质量百分比为70%~80%的氟磷灰石矿石粉;
    2)向氟磷灰石矿石粉中加入水,进行调浆,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的粗选矿浆;
    3)向粗选矿浆中加入NaOH调节粗选矿浆pH值为7~9,并搅拌均匀,得到pH值为7~9的粗选矿浆;
    4)向pH值为7~9的粗选矿浆中,分别加入抑制剂碳酸钠和抑制剂硅酸钠,搅拌均匀后,再加入捕收剂油酸钠,得到浮选矿浆;其中,碳酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为2000~3000g/t;硅酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为1000~1500g/t;油酸钠占粗选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为800~1000g/t;
    5)向浮选矿浆中充气,进行粗选,得到粗选精矿和粗选尾矿。
  4. 如权利要求1或3所述的氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的搅拌,搅拌速率为1600~2500rpm,所述的充气,空气充气量为0.2~0.35m 3/h。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(2)中,粗选精矿精选的具体步骤为:
    1)将粗选精矿加入水进行调浆,得到质量浓度为20%~25%的精矿 浮选矿浆;
    2)向精矿浮选矿浆中,加入NaOH调节pH值为7~9,并搅拌均匀,得到pH值为7~9的精矿浮选矿浆;
    3)向pH值为7~9的精矿浮选矿浆中,分别加入抑制剂碳酸钠和抑制剂硅酸钠,搅拌均匀后,进行0~2次精选,得到氟磷灰石精矿和精选尾矿;其中,抑制剂碳酸钠占精矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为400~600g/t,抑制剂硅酸钠占精矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为150~250g/t,精选时间为2~3.5min;
    所述的精选尾矿,返回粗选矿浆中,进行再次粗选。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的氟磷灰石提纯方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,对粗选尾矿进行扫选,具体步骤为:
    1)向粗选尾矿中加入捕收剂油酸钠,搅拌均匀,得到粗选尾矿浮选矿浆;其中,油酸钠占粗选尾矿浮选矿浆中干基成分的质量浓度为150~250g/t;
    2)对粗选尾矿浮选矿浆进行0~2次扫选,得到扫选精矿和扫选尾矿;其中,扫选时间为1.5~2.5min;
    所述的扫选精矿返回到粗选矿浆中再次进行粗选,扫选尾矿为最终尾矿。
  7. 一种氟磷灰石制备氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,
    包括步骤1的浮选提纯、步骤2的磷酸浸出提纯,还包括以下步骤:
    步骤3:浓硝酸溶解再结晶
    (1)提纯氟磷灰石脱除药剂
    向提纯氟磷灰石中,加入40~90℃的去离子水,进行搅拌,反复浸洗,完全脱除药剂,得到去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石;
    (2)浓硝酸溶解
    将去除药剂的提纯氟磷灰石置于反应容器中,加入体积浓度为40%~60%的浓硝酸进行溶解,持续搅拌,待提纯氟磷灰石完全溶解 后,进行过滤除杂,得到杂质和滤液;其中,浓硝酸的加入量为将提纯氟磷灰石完全溶解的量;
    (3)羟基反应
    向滤液中加入NaOH,调节pH值为4.0~12.0后,置于40~60℃中,搅拌反应1~2h,静置,陈化结晶24~30h,过滤得到沉淀物;
    将沉淀物进行洗涤、干燥、研磨,得到粒径为0.074mm的氟羟基磷灰石粉;
    (4)焙烧晶化
    将氟羟基磷灰石粉进行焙烧,冷却至室温,得到氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷;其中,焙烧温度为800~900℃,焙烧时间为1~2h。
  8. 一种氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,其特征在于,采用权利要求7所述的方法制得。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,其特征在于,氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,结晶度≥98%,其中,氟的质量百分含量ω(F)为0<ω(F)≤1.0%,羟基的质量百分含量ω(OH)为2.4%≤ω(OH)≤3.4%,即Ca 10(PO 4) 6F x(OH) 2x中0<x≤0.53,1.47≤2-x≤2。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,其特征在于,氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷含有的微量元素及各个微量元素的在氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷中的占比为:As<3mg/kg,Cd<3mg/kg,Hg<3mg/kg,Pb≤20mg/kg,满足GB 23101.2中《外科植入物·羟基磷灰石》关于磷灰石生物材料的特定元素极限含量的规定。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的一种氟羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,其特征在于,用于合成人体硬组织替代材料。
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