WO2020177721A1 - 一种电池模块及电池包 - Google Patents

一种电池模块及电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177721A1
WO2020177721A1 PCT/CN2020/077803 CN2020077803W WO2020177721A1 WO 2020177721 A1 WO2020177721 A1 WO 2020177721A1 CN 2020077803 W CN2020077803 W CN 2020077803W WO 2020177721 A1 WO2020177721 A1 WO 2020177721A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
battery
cell arrangement
arrangement structure
fixing portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/077803
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王鹏
金海族
周灵刚
史东洋
陈兴地
游凯杰
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2021550112A priority Critical patent/JP7271698B2/ja
Publication of WO2020177721A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177721A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery module and a battery pack.
  • Secondary batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long service life, energy saving and environmental protection, and are widely used in different fields such as new energy vehicles and energy storage power stations.
  • multiple battery cells are usually arranged and electrically connected to each other through a bus bar.
  • end plates and side plates are usually provided. The end plates and side plates are connected to each other to form a module frame, and multiple battery cells are fixed in the module frame.
  • the battery cell will swell and deform during use, and the swelling deformation is particularly obvious in the direction of the longest dimension of the battery module.
  • the maximum expansion force of the battery cell is along the length direction, and the length direction is the longest dimension of the battery module. Therefore, the amount of expansion and deformation of the battery module in the longitudinal direction is very large.
  • the end plate of the battery module needs to be thickened, resulting in a larger volume of the end plate, resulting in a low energy density of the battery module, and is not conducive to lightweight battery module.
  • a battery module including:
  • a battery cell arrangement structure the battery cell arrangement structure includes a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of bus bars electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are arranged in a horizontal direction;
  • a lower cover, the battery cell arrangement structure is arranged between the upper cover and the lower cover;
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and a battery case, the electrode assembly is accommodated in the battery case, and the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a first pole piece arranged on the first pole piece. And the diaphragm between the second pole piece;
  • the electrode assembly has a wound structure and is flat, and the outer surface of the electrode assembly includes two flat surfaces, and the two flat surfaces face each other in a vertical direction; or, the electrode assembly is a laminated sheet Type structure, the first pole piece, the diaphragm and the second pole piece are stacked in a vertical direction.
  • the upper cover includes a first main board and a first fixing portion, the first fixing portion is connected to the first main board and extends in a direction away from the first main board;
  • the lower cover includes a second main board and a second fixing portion, the second fixing portion is connected to the second main board and extends in a direction away from the second main board;
  • the first fixing part and the second fixing part are oppositely arranged and fixedly connected.
  • the first fixing portion and/or the second fixing portion extend along the horizontal direction.
  • both ends of the first main board are provided with the first fixing portion, and both ends of the second main board are provided with the second fixing portion.
  • the battery module further includes a collection board, the collection board is located on one side of the battery cell arrangement structure, and is arranged vertically, and the collection board is respectively connected to the battery cell.
  • the battery cells in the arrangement structure are connected.
  • the battery module further includes a fireproof member, the fireproof member is arranged vertically, the battery cells of the battery cell arrangement structure are all provided with explosion-proof valves, and the battery cells The explosion-proof valves of the arranged structure all face the fireproof member.
  • the battery module includes more than two battery cell arrangement structures, one of the battery cell arrangement structures is the first battery cell arrangement structure, and the other is connected to the first battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure adjacent to the arrangement structure is a second battery cell arrangement structure;
  • the explosion-proof valve of the first battery cell array structure and the explosion-proof valve of the second battery cell array structure face each other, and the fireproof member is located on the first battery cell array structure. Between the explosion-proof valve and the explosion-proof valve of the second battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the battery module includes more than two battery cell arrangement structures, one of the battery cell arrangement structures is the first battery cell arrangement structure, and the other is connected to the first battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure adjacent to the arrangement structure is a second battery cell arrangement structure;
  • the explosion-proof valve of the first battery cell arrangement structure and the explosion-proof valve of the second battery cell arrangement structure are opposite to each other;
  • the fire prevention member includes a first fire prevention member and a second fire prevention member, the explosion-proof valves of the first battery cell arrangement structure all face the first fire prevention member, and the second battery cell arrangement structure The explosion-proof valves all face the second fireproof member.
  • the battery module includes more than two battery cell arrangement structures, one of the battery cell arrangement structures is the first battery cell arrangement structure, and the other is connected to the first battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure adjacent to the arrangement structure is a second battery cell arrangement structure;
  • the battery module further includes a cooling member disposed between the first battery cell arrangement structure and the second battery cell arrangement structure, and the cooling member is used to cool the first battery cell.
  • the battery cells in a bulk arrangement structure and the battery cells in the second battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the battery module includes two or more battery cell arrangement structures arranged in the vertical direction.
  • the electrode assembly will inevitably expand in the thickness direction of the pole piece during the charging and discharging process (in the electrode assembly of the wound structure, the expansion force in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface is the largest; In the electrode assembly of the sheet structure, the expansion force is the largest along the stacking direction of the first pole piece and the second pole piece).
  • the directions in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case are all toward the horizontal direction.
  • the electrode assembly can be a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the electrode assembly When the electrode assembly is a wound structure, the flat surface faces the vertical direction.
  • the electrode assembly has a laminated structure, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are stacked in the vertical direction.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case faces the vertical direction. Since the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case faces the vertical direction, the number of battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is small. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned solution can reduce the maximum expansion force of the battery module, and therefore, an end plate with a smaller volume can be selected to increase the energy density of the battery module.
  • a battery pack including:
  • the upper cover includes a first main board and a first fixing portion, and the first fixing portion is connected to the first main board and extends in a direction away from the first main board.
  • the lower cover includes a second main board and a second fixing portion, the second fixing portion is connected to the second main board and extends in a direction away from the second main board;
  • the containing box includes a box cover and a box body, the box body is provided with a fixed beam protruding from the surface of the box body, the first fixed part, the second fixed part and the The three fixed beams are arranged oppositely, and the first fixed part and the second fixed part are fixed on the fixed beam.
  • the first fixing portion is provided with a first fixing hole
  • the second fixing portion is provided with a second fixing hole
  • the battery pack further includes a bolt passing through the bolt.
  • the first fixing hole is connected with the second fixing hole and connected with the fixing beam to fix the battery module on the box body.
  • the battery pack further includes a bead, and the first fixing part and the second fixing part are pressed between the bead and the fixing beam to hold the battery module Fixed on the box body.
  • the electrode assembly of the battery cell in the battery module in the above technical solution can be a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the flat surface faces the vertical direction.
  • the electrode assembly has a laminated structure, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are stacked in the vertical direction. It can be seen that, no matter whether the electrode assembly adopts a wound structure or a laminated structure, the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case faces the vertical direction. Since the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case faces the vertical direction, the number of battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is small. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned solution can reduce the maximum expansion force of the battery module, and therefore, an end plate with a smaller volume can be selected to increase the energy density of the battery module.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack according to the specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single battery cell arrangement structure according to the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single battery cell arrangement structure according to a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single battery cell arrangement structure according to a third embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single battery cell arrangement structure according to a fourth embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single-layer and multi-row battery cell arrangement structure according to a fifth embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is an exploded view of a battery module with a single-layer and multi-row battery cell arrangement structure according to a sixth embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a battery module with a multilayer single-row battery cell arrangement structure according to a seventh embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a battery module with a multi-layer and multi-row battery cell arrangement structure according to an eighth embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is an exploded view of a battery module with a multi-layer and multi-row battery cell arrangement structure according to a ninth embodiment.
  • Fig. 12 is an exploded view of a battery module with a multi-layer and multi-row battery cell arrangement structure according to a tenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the battery cell arrangement structure of the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell arrangement structure of the specific embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion in specific embodiments.
  • Figure 16 is an exploded view of a battery cell in a specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly in a specific embodiment of a wound structure.
  • Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated structure of an electrode assembly in a specific embodiment.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or Note that the term “multiple” means more than two including two; the terms “connected”, “fixed”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “connected” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Ground connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Ground connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow x in all drawings is the length direction
  • the direction indicated by the arrow y is the width direction
  • the direction indicated by the arrow z is the vertical direction.
  • the horizontal direction is a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, and may be the aforementioned longitudinal direction or the aforementioned width direction.
  • the horizontal direction includes not only the direction absolutely parallel to the horizontal plane, but also the direction generally parallel to the horizontal plane conventionally recognized in engineering.
  • the vertical direction is the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the vertical direction includes not only the direction absolutely perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but also the direction generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane generally recognized in engineering.
  • the orientation words "upper”, “lower”, “top” and “bottom” described in this application are all understood relative to the vertical direction.
  • this embodiment relates to a battery pack
  • the battery pack includes a containing box and a plurality of battery modules 1 arranged in the containing box, the plurality of battery modules 1 can be along the horizontal direction (arrow x indicates The length direction or the width direction indicated by the arrow y) can also be arranged in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the battery module 1 includes an upper cover 13 and a lower cover 14.
  • the upper cover 13 includes a first main board 130 and a first fixing portion 131.
  • the first fixing portion 131 is connected to the first main board 130 and faces away from the first main board 130.
  • the lower cover 14 includes a second main board 140 and a second fixing portion 141.
  • the second fixing portion 141 is connected to the second main board 140 and extends in a direction away from the second main board 140.
  • the first fixing portion 131 and The second fixing portion 141 is oppositely arranged and fixedly connected.
  • the first main board 130 is integrally formed with the first fixing portion 131
  • the second main board 140 is integrally formed with the second fixing portion 141
  • the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 are connected by bonding, welding, or mechanical. Either way is fixed to each other.
  • the containing box includes a box cover 2 and a box body 3, and a plurality of fixed beams 31 are provided on the box body 3.
  • the fixed beam 31 may be provided on the box cover 2.
  • the fixed beam 31 may be such that the bottom of the box 3 protrudes upward or a separate component is welded to the bottom of the box 3.
  • the first fixing portion 131, the second fixing portion 141 and the fixing beam 31 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first fixing part 131 is arranged above the second fixing part 141
  • the second fixing part 141 is arranged above the fixing beam 31, and both the first fixing part 131 and the second fixing part 141 are fixed on the fixing beam 31.
  • the battery module 1 is fixed on the fixing beam 31 through the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 to ensure the stability of the battery pack during use.
  • the first fixing method the first fixing portion 131 is provided with a first fixing hole 1311, the second fixing portion 141 is provided with a second fixing hole 1411, the battery pack further includes a bolt 5, which passes through the first fixing hole 1311 and The second fixing hole 1411 is connected with the fixing beam 31 to fix the battery module 1 on the box body 3.
  • the second fixing hole 1411 is arranged opposite to the first fixing hole 1311, and a nut matched with the bolt 5 is arranged on the fixing beam 31.
  • the battery pack further includes a bead 4 which presses the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 on the fixing beam 31 to fix the battery module 1 on the box body 3. At this time, the battery module 1 is fixed by the bead 4.
  • the first fixing portion 131 and/or the second fixing portion 141 extend in a horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y), wherein, in some embodiments, the first The fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 extend in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 extend in the horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y). In this way, the assembly difficulty can be reduced.
  • both ends of the first main board 130 are provided with first fixing portions 131, and both ends of the second main board 140 are provided with second fixing portions 141.
  • the installation points of the battery module 1 are distributed at both ends in the horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y), so that the battery module 1 is installed in the battery pack and receives a more uniform force.
  • the first main board 130 may be provided with first fixing portions 131 at both ends along the width direction marked in the figure (as indicated by the arrow y), or it may be arranged along the length direction marked in the figure (as indicated by the arrow x). Both ends are provided with first fixing parts 131.
  • the second main board 140 may be provided with second fixing portions 141 at both ends along the width direction marked in the figure (as indicated by the arrow y), or along the length direction marked in the figure (as indicated by the arrow x)
  • a second fixing portion 141 is provided at both ends of the device.
  • the battery module 1 includes a battery cell arrangement structure 10, an upper cover 13, a lower cover 14, a collecting plate 15, and a fireproof member 17.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 includes a plurality of batteries
  • the cells 11 and the plurality of bus bars 12 electrically connecting the plurality of battery cells 11 are arranged in a horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y).
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 is arranged between the upper cover 13 and the lower cover 14.
  • the collection board 15 is located on one side of the battery cell arrangement structure 10 and is vertically arranged, and the collection board 15 is connected to the battery cells 11 in the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • the fireproof member 17 is vertically arranged, the multiple battery cells 11 of the battery cell array structure 10 are all provided with explosion-proof valves 116, and the explosion-proof valves 116 of the battery cell array structure 10 all face the fireproof member 17.
  • only one battery cell arrangement structure 10 is provided between the upper cover 13 and the lower cover 14.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in Fig. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same parts of the structure will not be described repeatedly, and the differences are mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 further includes a cooling member 18 that extends along the arrangement direction of the battery cells 11 and is used to cool all the battery cells 11 in the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • the cooling member 18 is vertically arranged and located on one side of the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth embodiment
  • the same elements as those shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description and explanation of the similarities in the structure are not repeated, and the differences are mainly explained.
  • the cooling member 18 is arranged horizontally.
  • the cooling member 18 can be arranged on the upper surface of the battery cell arrangement structure 10 (as shown in Fig. 5) or on the lower surface of the battery cell arrangement structure 10 (as shown in Fig. 5). 6).
  • Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description and explanation are not repeated for the same structure, and the difference is mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 includes two battery cell arrangement structures 10 (or more than two battery cell arrangement structures 10), one of which is the first battery cell arrangement structure 101.
  • Another battery cell array structure 10 adjacent to the first battery cell array structure 101 is a second battery cell array structure 102.
  • the explosion-proof valve 116 of the first battery cell array structure 101 and the explosion-proof valve 116 of the second battery cell array structure 102 both face the fire-proof member 17, and the fire-resistant member 17 is located in the explosion-proof valve 116 and the second battery cell array structure 101. Between the explosion-proof valves 116 of the battery cell arrangement structure 102.
  • the fireproof member 17 is provided between the explosion-proof valve 116 of the first battery cell array structure 101 and the explosion-proof valve 116 of the second battery cell array structure 102, and the fireproof member 17 connects the batteries of the first battery cell array structure 101
  • the cell 11 is separated from the battery cell 11 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 102 to prevent the battery cell 11 that has undergone thermal runaway from causing the battery cell 11 adjacent to it to also cause thermal runaway.
  • the fireproof member 17 is made of high temperature resistant material, and its melting point is greater than 900°C.
  • the fireproof member 17 is a mica board.
  • the battery module 1 includes two battery cell arrangement structures 10 (or more than two battery cell arrangement structures 10), and one of the battery cell arrangement structures 10 is the first battery cell arrangement structure 101.
  • Another battery cell array structure 10 adjacent to the first battery cell array structure 101 is a second battery cell array structure 102.
  • the explosion-proof valve 116 of the first battery cell array structure 101 and the explosion-proof valve 116 of the second battery cell array structure 102 are opposite to each other.
  • the fireproof member 17 includes a first fireproof member 171 and a second fireproof member 172.
  • the explosion-proof valves 116 of the first battery cell array structure 101 all face the first fireproof member 171, and the explosion-proof valves 116 of the second battery cell array structure 102 all face The second fire protection member 172.
  • the explosion-proof valve 116 of the first battery cell arrangement structure 101 faces in one direction and faces the first fireproof member 171, while the explosion-proof valve 116 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 102 faces the other direction and faces the second fireproof member.
  • the member 172, the battery cell 11 of the first battery cell arrangement structure 101 and the battery cell 11 of the second battery cell 11 structure do not interfere with each other.
  • the fireproof member 17 is made of high temperature resistant material, and its melting point is greater than 900°C.
  • the fireproof member 17 is a mica board.
  • the battery module 1 further includes a cooling member 18 disposed between the first battery cell array structure 101 and the second battery cell array structure 102, and the cooling member 18 is used to cool the battery of the first battery cell array structure 101 In the battery cell 11 of the cell 11 and the second battery cell arrangement structure 102, at this time, one cooling member 18 can be saved.
  • Fig. 9 shows a seventh embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in Fig. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same parts of the structure will not be described repeatedly, and the differences are mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 includes two or more battery cell arrangement structures 10 arranged in a vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the two battery cell arrangement structures 10 in the vertical direction can share one fireproof member 17 and one cooling member 18 at the same time.
  • FIG. 10 shows an eighth embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same parts of the structure will not be described repeatedly, and the differences will be mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 includes two battery cell arrangement structures 10 (or more than two battery cell arrangement structures 10), and one of the battery cell arrangement structures 10 is the first battery cell arrangement structure 101.
  • Another battery cell array structure 10 adjacent to the first battery cell array structure 101 is a second battery cell array structure 102.
  • the fire prevention member 17 includes a first fire prevention member 171 and a second fire prevention member 172.
  • the explosion-proof valves 116 of the two first battery cell arrangement structures 101 in the two vertical directions (directions indicated by the arrow z) all face the first fire prevention member. 171.
  • the explosion-proof valves 116 of the two second battery cell arrangement structures 102 in two vertical directions (directions indicated by the arrow z) all face the second fireproof member 172.
  • the fireproof member 17 is made of high temperature resistant material, and its melting point is greater than 900°C.
  • the fireproof member 17 is a mica board.
  • FIG. 11 shows a ninth embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description and explanation of the similarities in the structure are not repeated, and the differences are mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 includes two or more first battery cell arrangement structures 101 arranged in a vertical direction (direction indicated by arrow z), and two or more first battery cell arrangement structures 101 arranged in a vertical direction (direction indicated by arrow z). There are more than two second battery cell arrangement structures 102.
  • FIG. 12 shows a tenth embodiment.
  • the same elements as those shown in FIG. 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same parts of the structure are not described repeatedly, and the differences are mainly explained.
  • the battery module 1 includes two or more first battery cell arrangement structures 101 arranged in the vertical direction (direction indicated by arrow z), and arranged in the vertical direction (direction indicated by arrow z). There are more than two second battery cell arrangement structures 102.
  • the battery module (1) includes two or more battery cell arrangement structures 10 arranged in a vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z) is not limited to two layers, and may also have two or more layers, such as three layers, four layers, and so on.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 arranged in a horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y).
  • the plurality of battery cells 11 in the horizontal direction can be arranged at intervals, not necessarily close to each other, and can also be arranged at a certain distance. Also in this embodiment Within the scope of protection.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 and a plurality of bus bars 12 electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells 11. They are arranged in the horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width direction indicated by the arrow y).
  • the collection board 15 is located on one side of the battery cell arrangement structure 10 and is vertically arranged, and the collection board 15 is connected to the battery cells 11 in the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 further includes two end plates 16, which are respectively located on the plurality of battery cells 11 along the horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by the arrow x or the width indicated by the arrow y). Direction) both ends of the arrangement.
  • the side surface of the battery cell 11 is glued to the adjacent battery cell 11, and the two ends of the plurality of battery cells 11 are provided with end plates 16 to form the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • the battery cell 11 and the battery cell 11 are electrically connected through a bus bar 12, and a collection board 15 is provided at the position of the bus bar 12 of the battery cell arrangement structure 10.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure 10 is laid flat on the lower cover 14, the battery cell arrangement structure 10 is fixed to the lower cover 14 by structural glue, and the upper surface of the battery cell arrangement structure 10 is fixed to the upper cover 13 by structural glue. Both sides of the upper cover 13 and the lower cover 14 protrude from the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141.
  • first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 are fixed to each other by bonding.
  • cross-sectional shapes of the first fixing portion 131 and the second fixing portion 141 are U-shaped, V-shaped, and L-shaped. Shape, Z shape, any one or a combination of them.
  • the battery cell 11 includes an electrode assembly 111, a battery case 112, an electrode terminal connector 113 and a cover 114.
  • the battery case 112 may have a hexahedral shape or other shapes.
  • the battery case 112 has an internal space accommodating the electrode assembly 111 and the electrolyte, and the battery case 112 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 111 is contained in the battery case 112, the cover 114 covers the opening and is used to seal the electrode assembly 111 in the battery case 112, and the electrode assembly 111 and the electrode terminal 115 are electrically connected through the electrode terminal connector 113.
  • there are two electrode terminal connectors 113 namely, a positive terminal connector 113 and a negative terminal connector 113, respectively.
  • the battery case 112 may be made of materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or plastic.
  • the electrode assembly 111 is contained in the battery case 112, and the electrode assembly 111 includes a first pole piece 1111, a second pole piece 1112, and a diaphragm 1113 disposed between the first pole piece 1111 and the second pole piece 1112.
  • the first pole piece 1111 may be a positive pole piece or a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 1112 has the opposite polarity to the first pole piece 1111. Accordingly, the second pole piece 1112 is a negative pole piece or a positive pole piece.
  • the diaphragm 1113 is an insulator between the first pole piece 1111 and the second pole piece 1112.
  • the electrode assembly 111 may have a winding structure (as shown in FIG. 17) or a laminated structure (as shown in FIG. 18).
  • the first pole piece 1111 is used as a positive electrode piece, and the second pole piece 1112 is used as a negative electrode piece for description.
  • the first pole piece 1111 may also be a negative pole piece, and the second pole piece 1112 is a positive pole piece.
  • the positive active material is coated on the coating area of the positive electrode sheet, and the negative active material is coated on the coating area of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the uncoated area extending from the coated area is used as a tab.
  • the electrode assembly 111 includes two tabs, namely a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive tab extends from the coating area of the positive tab; the negative tab extends from the tab of the negative tab.
  • the coating area extends out.
  • the positive ear and the positive electrode terminal are electrically connected through a positive terminal connector 113, and the negative ear and the negative electrode terminal are electrically connected through a negative terminal connector 113.
  • the battery housing 112 has a substantially hexahedral structure.
  • the battery housing 112 includes two first surfaces 1121 and two second surfaces 1122.
  • the area of the first surface 1121 is larger than the area of the second surface 1122.
  • the two second surfaces 1122 of each battery cell 11 face each other in a horizontal direction (for example, the length direction of the direction indicated by the arrow x), and the two first surfaces 1121 of each battery cell 11 Facing each other in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the electrode assembly 111 when the electrode assembly 111 is a wound structure, the electrode assembly 111 is flat, and the outer surface of the electrode assembly 111 includes two flat surfaces 1114, and the two flat surfaces 1114 are both vertical
  • the directions face each other, that is, the flat surface 1114 and the first surface 1121 face each other.
  • the electrode assembly 111 has a substantially hexahedral structure, and the flat surface 1114 is substantially parallel to the winding axis and is an outer surface with the largest area.
  • the flat surface 1114 may be a relatively flat surface, and is not required to be a pure plane.
  • the first pole piece 1111, the diaphragm 1113, and the second pole piece 1112 are stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z), that is, the first pole piece 1111
  • the surface and the first surface 1121 face each other.
  • the electrode assembly 111 will inevitably expand along the thickness direction of the first pole piece 1111 during the charging and discharging process (in the electrode assembly 111 of the wound structure, the expansion force in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface 1114 is the largest; In the electrode assembly 111 of the type structure, the expansion force is the largest along the stacking direction of the first pole piece 1111 and the second pole piece 1112).
  • the electrode assembly 111 can be a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the flat surface 1114 faces the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z).
  • the first pole piece 1111 and the second pole piece 1112 are stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by the arrow z). It can be seen that no matter whether the electrode assembly 111 adopts a wound structure or a laminated structure, the direction in which the electrode assembly 111 applies the maximum expansion force to the battery casing 112 faces the vertical direction.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly 111 exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery housing 112 is all toward the horizontal direction, because the size of the battery module 1 in the horizontal direction is compared with that in the vertical direction.
  • the size in the direction is much larger (for example, due to the limitation of the height of the vehicle chassis, more battery cells 11 need to be stacked in the horizontal direction, the expansion force accumulation is large), therefore, the existing battery module 1 suffers from the horizontal direction
  • the expansion force is very large, so it is necessary to provide very thick end plates on both sides of the battery module 1 in the horizontal direction to resist the expansion force, and thicker end plates will reduce the energy density of the battery module 1.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly 111 exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery housing 112 is toward the vertical direction, and the number of battery cells 11 stacked in the vertical direction is small. Therefore, compared with the prior art, The maximum expansion force of the battery module 1 can be greatly reduced.
  • the generated gas exerts a force on the battery housing 112, thereby increasing the outward expansion of the battery housing 112. Since the area of the first surface 1121 of the present application is larger than the area of the second surface 1122, and the two first surfaces 1121 of the battery cell 11 face each other in the vertical direction, the generated gas exerts an influence on the battery case 112 The direction of maximum force is also toward the vertical direction. Compared with the prior art, the maximum expansion force of the battery module 1 is further reduced.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电池模块及电池包。所述电池模块包括电池单体排列结构、上盖以及下盖，所述电池单体排列结构设置在所述上盖与所述下盖之间；其中，所述电池单体包括电极组件和电池壳体，所述电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个所述扁平面沿竖直方向相互面对；或，所述电极组件为叠片式结构，所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。区别于现有技术，本发明可以减小电池模块的最大膨胀力，因此可选用体积更小的端板，从而提高电池模块的能量密度。

Description

一种电池模块及电池包
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年3月7日递交的名称为“一种电池模块及电池包”的中国专利申请No.201910172995.2的优先权权益。其公开内容在此通过援引全部并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池模块及电池包。
背景技术
二次电池具有能量密度大，使用寿命长、节能环保等优点，被广泛应用于新能源汽车、储能电站等不同领域。
在使用时，通常会将多个电池单体排列并通过汇流排相互电连接。为了固定多个电池单体，通常会设置端板和侧板，端板和侧板相互连接形成模块框架，多个电池单体固定于模块框架内。
由于电池单体在使用过程中会发生膨胀变形，并且膨胀变形在电池模块的最长尺寸方向上尤为明显。现有的电池模块中，电池单体的最大膨胀力是沿着长度方向，而长度方向又是电池模块的最长尺寸方向。因此，电池模块沿长度方向上的膨胀变形量非常大。为了限制电池模块沿长度方向上发生过大的膨胀变形量，电池模块的端板需要加厚从而造成端板体积较大，从而导致电池模块的能量密度偏低，且不利于电池模块轻量化。
发明内容
为此，需要提供一种电池模块及电池包，用于解决现有技术的技术问 题。
为实现上述目的，发明人提供了一种电池模块，包括：
电池单体排列结构，所述电池单体排列结构包括多个电池单体以及电连接所述多个电池单体的多个汇流排，所述多个电池单体沿水平方向排列；
上盖；以及
下盖，所述电池单体排列结构设置在所述上盖与所述下盖之间；
其中，所述电池单体包括电极组件和电池壳体，所述电极组件容纳于所述电池壳体内，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间的隔膜；
所述电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个所述扁平面沿竖直方向相互面对；或，所述电极组件为叠片式结构，所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述上盖包括第一主板和第一固定部，所述第一固定部连接于所述第一主板且朝远离所述第一主板的方向延伸；
所述下盖包括第二主板和第二固定部，所述第二固定部连接于所述第二主板且朝远离所述第二主板的方向延伸；
所述第一固定部与所述第二固定部相对设置且固定连接。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述第一固定部和/或所述第二固定部沿所述水平方向延伸。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述第一主板的两端均设置有所述第一固定部，所述第二主板的两端均设置有所述第二固定部。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块还包括采集板，所述采集板位于所述电池单体排列结构的一侧，且竖直设置，所述采集板分别与所述电池单体排列结构中的各个所述电池单体相连接。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块还包括防火构件，所述防火构件竖直设置，所述电池单体排列结构的多个电池单体均设置有防爆阀，所述电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀均面向所述防火构件。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构，其中一个所述电池单体排列结构为第一电池单体排列结构，另一个与所述第一电池排列结构邻近的所述电池单体排列结构为第二电池单体排列结构；
所述第一电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀和所述第二电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀相互面对，所述防火构件位于所述第一电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀和所述第二电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀之间。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构，其中一个所述电池单体排列结构为第一电池单体排列结构，另一个与所述第一电池排列结构邻近的所述电池单体排列结构为第二电池单体排列结构；
所述第一电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀和所述第二电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀相互背对；
所述防火构件包括第一防火构件以及第二防火构件，所述第一电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀均面向所述第一防火构件，所述第二电池单体排列结构的所述防爆阀均面向所述第二防火构件。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构，其中一个所述电池单体排列结构为第一电池单体排列结构，另一个与所述第一电池排列结构邻近的所述电池单体排列结构为第二电池单体排列结构；
所述电池模块还包括冷却构件，所述冷却构件设置在所述第一电池单体排列结构与所述第二电池单体排列结构之间，所述冷却构件用于冷却所述第一电池单体排列结构的所述电池单体以及所述第二电池单体排列结构的所述电池单体。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池模块包括沿所述竖直方向排列的两个以上的所述电池单体排列结构。
区别于现有技术，由于电极组件在充放电过程中不可避免的会沿极片 的厚度方向发生膨胀(在卷绕式结构的电极组件中，沿垂直于扁平面的方向膨胀力最大；在叠片式结构的电极组件中，沿第一极片和第二极片的堆叠方向膨胀力最大)。而在现有技术中，电池模块的电池单体中，电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向都是朝向水平方向的。由于电池模块在沿水平方向的尺寸相比于竖直方向的尺寸大的多(例如，受到车辆的底盘高度尺寸限制，需要有更多的电池单体沿水平方向堆叠，膨胀力累积大)，因此，现有电池模块在水平方向上受到的膨胀力非常大，因此需要在电池模块的水平方向两侧设置非常厚的端板以抵抗膨胀力，而端板加厚会降低电池模块的能量密度。而上述方案中，电极组件可以选用卷绕式结构或者叠片式结构。当电极组件为卷绕式结构时，扁平面朝向竖直方向。当电极组件为叠片式结构时，第一极片和第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。可见，电极组件无论是采用卷绕式结构还是采用叠片式结构，电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向都朝向竖直方向。由于电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向是朝向竖直方向，而竖直方向上堆叠的电池单体个数较少。因此，相比于现有技术，上述方案可以减小电池模块的最大膨胀力，因此可选用体积更小的端板，从而提高电池模块的能量密度。
为实现上述目的，发明人还提供了一种电池包，包括：
容纳箱，以及
设置在所述容纳箱内的多个如上述发明人提供的任意一项所述的电池模块。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述上盖包括第一主板和第一固定部，所述第一固定部连接于所述第一主板且朝远离所述第一主板的方向延伸，所述下盖包括第二主板和第二固定部，所述第二固定部连接于所述第二主板且朝远离所述第二主板的方向延伸；
所述容纳箱包括箱盖以及箱体，所述箱体设置有固定梁，所述固定梁凸出于所述箱体的表面，所述第一固定部、所述第二固定部和所述固定梁三者相对设置，所述第一固定部和所述第二固定部固定在所述固定梁上。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述第一固定部设置有第一固定孔，所述第二固定部设置有第二固定孔，所述电池包还包括螺栓，所述螺栓穿过所述第一固定孔与所述第二固定孔并与所述固定梁连接，以将所述电池模块固定在所述箱体上。
作为本发明的一种优选结构，所述电池包还包括压条，所述第一固定部和所述第二固定部压紧在所述压条和所述固定梁之间，以将所述电池模块固定在所述箱体上。
区别于现有技术，上述技术方案中电池模块中的电池单体的电极组件可以选用卷绕式结构或者叠片式结构。当电极组件为卷绕式结构时，扁平面朝向竖直方向。当电极组件为叠片式结构时，第一极片和第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。可见，电极组件无论是采用卷绕式结构还是采用叠片式结构，电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向都朝向竖直方向。由于电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向是朝向竖直方向，而竖直方向上堆叠的电池单体个数较少。因此，相比于现有技术，上述方案可以减小电池模块的最大膨胀力，因此可选用体积更小的端板，从而提高电池模块的能量密度。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式所述电池包的爆炸图。
图2为具体实施方式所述电池包的结构示意图。
图3为第一种实施例所述单个电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图4为第二种实施例所述单个电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图5为第三种实施例所述单个电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图6为第四种实施例所述单个电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图7为第五种实施例所述单层多列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图8为第六种实施例所述单层多列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图9为第七种实施例所述多层单列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图10为第八种实施例所述多层多列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图11为第九种实施例所述多层多列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图12为第十种实施例所述多层多列电池单体排列结构的电池模块的爆炸图。
图13为具体实施方式所述电池单体排列结构的爆炸图。
图14为具体实施方式所述电池单体排列结构的结构示意图。
图15为具体实施方式所述第一固定部与所述第二固定部的截面图。
图16为具体实施方式电池单体的爆炸图。
图17为具体实施方式电极组件为卷绕式结构的截面图。
图18为具体实施方式电极组件为叠片式结构的截面图。
附图标记说明。
1 电池模块
10 电池单体排列结构
101 第一电池单体排列结构
102 第二电池单体排列结构
11 电池单体
111 电极组件
1111 第一极片
1112 第二极片
1113 隔膜
1114 扁平面
112 电池壳体
1121 第一表面
1122 第二表面
113 电极端子连接件
114 盖板
115 电极端子
116 防爆阀
12 汇流排
13 上盖
130 第一主板
131 第一固定部
1311 第一固定孔
14 下盖
140 第二主板
141 第二固定部
1411 第二固定孔
15 采集板
16 端板
17 防火构件
171 第一防火构件
172 第二防火构件
18 冷却构件
2 箱盖
3 箱体
31 固定梁
4 压条
5 螺栓
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例并配合附图详予说明。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”、仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；除非另有规定或说明，术语“多个”是指两个以上包括两个；术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，所有附图中箭头x所指方向为长度方向，箭头y所指方向为宽度方向，箭头z所指方向为竖直方向。水平方向为平行于水平面的方向，既可以是上述长度方向也可以是上述宽度方向。另外，水平方向不仅包括绝对平行于水平面的方向，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行于水平面的方向。竖直方向为垂直于水平面的方向，竖直方向不仅包括绝对垂直于水平面的方向，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致垂直于水平面的方向。此外，本申请描述的“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等方位词均是相对于竖直方向来进行理解的。
请参阅图1以及图2，本实施例涉及一种电池包，该电池包包括容纳箱以及设置在容纳箱内的多个电池模块1，多个电池模块1可以沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)排列，也可以沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列。
其中，如图3所示，电池模块1包括上盖13以及下盖14，上盖13包括第一主板130以及第一固定部131，第一固定部131连接于第一主板130 且朝远离第一主板130的方向延伸，下盖14包括第二主板140以及第二固定部141，第二固定部141连接于第二主板140且朝远离第二主板140的方向延伸，第一固定部131与第二固定部141相对设置且固定连接。
可选的，第一主板130与第一固定部131一体成型，第二主板140与第二固定部141一体成型，第一固定部131与第二固定部141通过粘接、焊接、机械连接，其中任意一种方式相互固定。
可选的，容纳箱包括箱盖2以及箱体3，箱体3上设置有多个固定梁31。另外，在其他实施例中，固定梁31可以设置在箱盖2上。本实施例中，固定梁31可以为箱体3的底部向上凸起或者单独零部件焊接在箱体3的底部。其中，第一固定部131、第二固定部141和固定梁31三者相对设置。第一固定部131设置在第二固定部141上方，第二固定部141设置在固定梁31上方，第一固定部131和第二固定部141均固定在固定梁31上。如此，电池模块1通过第一固定部131和第二固定部141固定在固定梁31上，保证电池包在使用过程中的稳定性。
可选的，第一固定部131和第二固定部141固定在固定梁31上的固定方式有以下两种，但并不限制于以下两种固定方式，也可以有其他的替代方式。
第一种固定方式：第一固定部131设置有第一固定孔1311，第二固定部141设置有第二固定孔1411，电池包还包括螺栓5，螺栓5依次穿过第一固定孔1311与第二固定孔1411与固定梁31相连接，将电池模块1固定在箱体3上。第二固定孔1411相对第一固定孔1311设置，固定梁31上设置有与螺栓5相配合的螺母。
第二种固定方式：电池包还包括压条4，压条4将第一固定部131和第二固定部141压紧在固定梁31上，以将电池模块1固定在箱体3上。此时，通过压条4对电池模块1进行固定。
可选的，第一固定部131和/或第二固定部141沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)延伸，其中，在某些实施例中， 第一固定部131与第二固定部141沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)延伸。优选的，本实施例中第一固定部131和第二固定部141沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)延伸，如此，可以降低装配难度。
可选的，第一主板130的两端均设置有第一固定部131，第二主板140的两端均设置有第二固定部141。此时，电池模块1的安装点分布在水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)上的两端，使电池模块1安装在电池包中受力更均匀。
其中，第一主板130可以沿图中标记宽度方向(如箭头y所指方向)的两端均设置有第一固定部131，也可以沿图中标记长度方向(如箭头x所指方向)的两端均设置有第一固定部131。同理，第二主板140可以沿图中标记宽度方向(如箭头y所指方向)的两端均设置有第二固定部141，也可以沿图中标记长度方向(如箭头x所指方向)的两端均设置有第二固定部141。
如图3所示，第一种实施例中，电池模块1包括电池单体排列结构10、上盖13、下盖14、采集板15以及防火构件17，电池单体排列结构10包括多个电池单体11以及电连接多个电池单体11的多个汇流排12，多个电池单体11沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)排列。
电池单体排列结构10设置在上盖13与下盖14之间。采集板15位于电池单体排列结构10的一侧且竖直设置，采集板15与电池单体排列结构10中的电池单体11相连接。防火构件17竖直设置，电池单体排列结构10的多个电池单体11均设置有防爆阀116，电池单体排列结构10的防爆阀116均面向防火构件17。
在第一种实施例中，只有一个电池单体排列结构10设置在上盖13与下盖14之间。
图4示出第二种实施例，在图4中，与图3所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。第二种实施例中，电池模块1还包括冷却构件18，冷却构件18沿 电池单体11的排列方向延伸，并用于冷却电池单体排列结构10所有的电池单体11。在第二种实施例中，如图4所示，冷却构件18竖直设置且位于电池单体排列结构10的一侧。
图5示出第三种实施例，图6示出第四种实施例。在图5和图6中，与图3所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图5以及图6所示，冷却构件18水平设置，冷却构件18可以设置在电池单体排列结构10的上表面(如图5)或设置在电池单体排列结构10的下表面(如图6)。
图7示出第五种实施例。在图7中，与图3所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图7所示，电池模块1包括两个电池单体排列结构10(也可以是大于两个的电池单体排列结构10)，其中一个电池单体排列结构10为第一电池单体排列结构101，另一个与第一电池单体排列结构101邻近的电池单体排列结构10为第二电池单体排列结构102。
第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116和第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116均面向防火构件17，防火构件17位于第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116和第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116之间。此时，防火构件17设置在第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116与第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116之间，防火构件17将第一电池单体排列结构101的电池单体11与第二电池单体排列结构102的电池单体11隔开，避免已发生热失控的电池单体11引发与其邻近的电池单体11也发生热失控。防火构件17选用耐高温材质，其熔点大于900℃。优选地，防火构件17为云母板。
图8示出第六种实施例，在图8中，与图3所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图8所示，电池模块1包括两个电池单体排列结构10(也可以是大于两个的电池单体排列结构10)，其中一个电池单体排列结构10为第一电池单体排列结构101，另一个与第一电池单体排列结构101邻近的电池单体 排列结构10为第二电池单体排列结构102。第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116和第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116相互背对。
防火构件17包括第一防火构件171以及第二防火构件172，第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116均面向第一防火构件171，第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116均面向第二防火构件172。此时，第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116朝向一个方向，面对第一防火构件171，而第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116向另一个方向，面对第二防火构件172，第一电池单体排列结构101的电池单体11与第二电池单体11结构的电池单体11相互不干扰。防火构件17选用耐高温材质，其熔点大于900℃。优选地，防火构件17为云母板。
电池模块1还包括冷却构件18，冷却构件18设置在第一电池单体排列结构101与第二电池单体排列结构102之间，冷却构件18用于冷却第一电池单体排列结构101的电池单体11与第二电池单体排列结构102的电池单体11，此时，可以节约一个冷却构件18。
图9示出第七种实施例，在图9中，与图4所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图9所示，电池模块1包括沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的电池单体排列结构10。两个竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)上的电池单体排列结构10可以同时共用一个防火构件17以及一个冷却构件18。
图10示出第八种实施例，在图10中，与图9所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图10所示，电池模块1包括两个电池单体排列结构10(也可以是大于两个的电池单体排列结构10)，其中一个电池单体排列结构10为第一电池单体排列结构101，另一个与第一电池单体排列结构101邻近的电池单体排列结构10为第二电池单体排列结构102。
防火构件17包括第一防火构件171以及第二防火构件172，两个竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)上的两个第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116 均面向第一防火构件171，两个竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)上的两个第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116均面向第二防火构件172。防火构件17选用耐高温材质，其熔点大于900℃。优选地，防火构件17为云母板。
图11示出第九种实施例，在图11中，与图8所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图11所示，电池模块1包括沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第一电池单体排列结构101，以及沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第二电池单体排列结构102。
沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第一电池单体排列结构101的防爆阀116均面向第一防火构件171，沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第二电池单体排列结构102的防爆阀116均面向第二防火构件172。
图12示出第十种实施例，在图12中，与图7所示出的元件相同的元件使用相同的附图标记表示，并且结构相同之处不再重复描述说明，主要说明不同之处。如图12所示，电池模块1包括沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第一电池单体排列结构101，以及沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的第二电池单体排列结构102。
在其他实施例中，电池模块(1)包括沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)排列的两个以上的电池单体排列结构10。在竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)的电池单体排列结构10并不限制两层，也可以有两层以上，例如三层、四层等。电池单体排列结构10包括多个电池单体11，多个电池单体11沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)排列。水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)上的多个电池单体11，可以间隔排列，并不一定相互靠近，也可以隔开一定距离排列，也在本实施例的保护范围内。
如图13以及图14所示，本实施例中，电池单体排列结构10包括多个电池单体11以及电连接多个电池单体11的多个汇流排12，多个电池单体 11沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)排列。采集板15位于电池单体排列结构10的一侧且竖直设置，采集板15与电池单体排列结构10中的电池单体11相连接。
本实施例中，电池单体排列结构10还包括两个端板16，两个端板16分别位于多个电池单体11沿水平方向(箭头x所指的长度方向或者箭头y所指的宽度方向)排列的两端。
在具体实施例中，电池单体11的侧面涂胶与相邻的电池单体11粘接，多个电池单体11的两端设置端板16，形成电池单体排列结构10。电池单体11与电池单体11之间通过汇流排12实现电连接，在电池单体排列结构10的汇流排12位置设置采集板15。将电池单体排列结构10平躺在下盖14上，电池单体排列结构10通过结构胶与下盖14相固定，电池单体排列结构10的上表面通过结构胶与上盖13相固定。上盖13与下盖14的两侧伸出第一固定部131与第二固定部141。
如图15所示，第一固定部131与第二固定部141通过粘接相互固定，需要说明的是，第一固定部131与第二固定部141的截面形状为U形、V形、L形、Z形，其中任意一种或多种的组合。
如图16所示，电池单体11包括电极组件111、电池壳体112、电极端子连接件113以及盖板114。电池壳体112可具有六面体形状或其他形状。电池壳体112具有容纳电极组件111和电解液的内部空间，并且电池壳体112具有开口。电极组件111容纳在电池壳体112内，盖板114覆盖开口，并用于将电极组件111封闭在电池壳体112内，电极组件111与电极端子115之间通过电极端子连接件113电连接。本实施例中，电极端子连接件113有两个，即分别为正极端子连接件113和负极端子连接件113。电池壳体112可以由例如铝、铝合金或塑料等材料制造。
电极组件111容纳于电池壳体112内，电极组件111包括第一极片1111、第二极片1112以及设置于第一极片1111和第二极片1112之间的隔膜1113。第一极片1111可以是正极片或负极片，第二极片1112与第一极片1111的极 性相反，相应地，第二极片1112为负极片或正极片。其中，隔膜1113是介于第一极片1111和第二极片1112之间的绝缘体。电极组件111可以是卷绕式结构(如图17)，也可以是叠片式结构(如图18)。
示例性地以第一极片1111为正极片，第二极片1112为负极片进行说明。同样地，在其他的实施例中，第一极片1111还可以为负极片，而第二极片1112为正极片。另外，正极活性物质被涂覆在正极片的涂覆区上，而负极活性物质被涂覆到负极片的涂覆区上。从涂覆区延伸出的未涂覆区则作为极耳，电极组件111包括两个极耳，即正极耳和负极耳，正极耳从正极片的涂覆区延伸出；负极耳从负极片的涂覆区延伸出。正极耳与正电极端子之间通过正极端子连接件113电连接，负极耳与负电极端子之间通过负极端子连接件113电连接。
电池壳体112大致为六面体结构，电池壳体112包括两个第一表面1121和两个第二表面1122，第一表面1121的面积大于第二表面1122的面积。在电池模块1中，每个电池单体11的两个第二表面1122沿水平方向(例如箭头x所指方向的长度方向)相互面对，每个电池单体11的两个第一表面1121沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)相互面对。
如图16以及图17所示，当电极组件111为卷绕式结构时，电极组件111为扁平状，并且电极组件111的外表面包括两个扁平面1114，两个扁平面1114均沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)相互面对，即扁平面1114与第一表面1121相互面对。电极组件111大致为六面体结构，扁平面1114大致平行于卷绕轴线且为面积最大的外表面。扁平面1114可以是相对平整的表面，并不要求是纯平面。
如图18所示，当电极组件111为叠片式结构时，第一极片1111、隔膜1113和第二极片1112沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)层叠，即第一极片1111的表面与第一表面1121相互面对。
电极组件111在充放电过程中不可避免的会沿第一极片1111的厚度方向发生膨胀(在卷绕式结构的电极组件111中，沿垂直于扁平面1114的方 向膨胀力最大；在叠片式结构的电极组件111中，沿第一极片1111和第二极片1112的堆叠方向膨胀力最大)。
本实施例中，电极组件111可以选用卷绕式结构或者叠片式结构。当电极组件111为卷绕式结构时，扁平面1114朝向竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)。当电极组件111为叠片式结构时，第一极片1111和第二极片1112沿竖直方向(箭头z所指方向)层叠。可见，电极组件111无论是采用卷绕式结构还是采用叠片式结构，电极组件111对电池壳体112施加最大膨胀力的方向都朝向竖直方向。
而现有技术中，电池模块1的电池单体11中，电极组件111对电池壳体112施加最大膨胀力的方向都是朝向水平方向，由于电池模块1沿水平方向的尺寸相比于竖直方向的尺寸大的多(例如，受到车辆的底盘高度尺寸限制，需要有更多的电池单体11沿水平方向堆叠，膨胀力累积大)，因此，现有电池模块1在水平方向上受到的膨胀力非常大，因此需要在电池模块1的水平方向两侧设置非常厚的端板以抵抗膨胀力，而端板加厚会降低电池模块1的能量密度。而本实施例中，电极组件111对电池壳体112施加最大膨胀力的方向是朝向竖直方向，而竖直方向上堆叠的电池单体11个数较少，因此相比于现有技术，可以大大减少电池模块1的最大膨胀力。
另外，由于电池单体11在充放电过程中还会在电池壳体112内部产生气体，产生的气体会对电池壳体112施加作用力，从而加剧电池壳体112向外膨胀。由于本申请的第一表面1121的面积大于第二表面1122的面积，并且电池单体11中的两个第一表面1121沿竖直方向相互面对，因此产生的气体对电池壳体112施加的最大作用力方向也是朝向竖直方向。相比于现有技术，进一步减少了电池模块1的最大膨胀力。
需要说明的是，尽管在本文中已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围。因此，基于本发明的创新理念，对本文所述实施例进行的变更和修改，或利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，直接或间接地将以上技术方案运用在其他相关的技术 领域，均包括在本发明专利的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池模块，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体排列结构(10)，所述电池单体排列结构(10)包括多个电池单体(11)以及电连接所述多个电池单体(11)的多个汇流排(12)，所述多个电池单体(11)沿水平方向排列；
    上盖(13)；以及
    下盖(14)，所述电池单体排列结构(10)设置在所述上盖(13)与所述下盖(14)之间；
    其中，所述电池单体(11)包括电极组件(111)和电池壳体(112)，所述电极组件(111)容纳于所述电池壳体(112)内，所述电极组件(111)包括第一极片(1111)、第二极片(1112)以及设置于所述第一极片(1111)和所述第二极片(1112)之间的隔膜(1113)；
    所述电极组件(111)为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件(111)的外表面包括两个扁平面(1114)，两个所述扁平面(1114)沿竖直方向相互面对；或，所述电极组件(111)为叠片式结构，所述第一极片(1111)、所述隔膜(1113)和所述第二极片(1112)沿竖直方向层叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述上盖(13)包括第一主板(130)和第一固定部(131)，所述第一固定部(131)连接于所述第一主板(130)且朝远离所述第一主板(130)的方向延伸；
    所述下盖(14)包括第二主板(140)和第二固定部(141)，所述第二固定部(141)连接于所述第二主板(140)且朝远离所述第二主板(140)的方向延伸；
    所述第一固定部(131)与所述第二固定部(141)相对设置且固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述第一固定部(131)和/或所述第二固定部(141)沿所述水平方向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述第一主板(130)的两端均设置有所述第一固定部(131)，所述第二主板(140)的两端均设置有所述第二固定部(141)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)还包括采集板(15)，所述采集板(15)位于所述电池单体排列结构(10)的一侧且竖直设置，所述采集板(15)与所述电池单体排列结构(10)中的所述电池单体(11)相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)还包括防火构件(17)，所述防火构件(17)竖直设置，所述电池单体排列结构(10)的所述多个电池单体(11)均设置有防爆阀(116)，所述电池单体排列结构(10)的所有所述防爆阀(116)均面向所述防火构件(17)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构(10)，其中一个所述电池单体排列结构(10)为第一电池单体排列结构(101)，另一个与所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)邻近的所述电池单体排列结构(10)为第二电池单体排列结构(102)；
    所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)的所述防爆阀(116)和所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)的所述防爆阀(116)相互面对，所述防火构件(17)位于所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)的所述防爆阀(116)和所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)的所述防爆阀(116)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构(10)，其中一个所述电池单体排列 结构(10)为第一电池单体排列结构(101)，另一个与所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)邻近的所述电池单体排列结构(10)为第二电池单体排列结构(102)；
    所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)的所述防爆阀(116)和所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)的所述防爆阀(116)相互背对；
    所述防火构件(17)包括第一防火构件(171)以及第二防火构件(172)，所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)的所述防爆阀(116)均面向所述第一防火构件(171)，所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)的所述防爆阀(116)均面向所述第二防火构件(172)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)包括两个以上的电池单体排列结构(10)，其中一个所述电池单体排列结构(10)为第一电池单体排列结构(101)，另一个与所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)邻近的所述电池单体排列结构(10)为第二电池单体排列结构(102)；
    所述电池模块(1)还包括冷却构件(18)，所述冷却构件(18)设置在所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)与所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)之间，所述冷却构件(18)用于冷却所述第一电池单体排列结构(101)的所述电池单体(11)以及所述第二电池单体排列结构(102)的所述电池单体(11)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池模块，其特征在于：所述电池模块(1)包括沿所述竖直方向排列的两个以上的所述电池单体排列结构(10)。
  11. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    容纳箱，以及
    设置在所述容纳箱内的多个如权利要求1-10任意一项所述的电池模块 (1)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池包，其特征在于：所述上盖(13)包括第一主板(130)和第一固定部(131)，所述第一固定部(131)连接于所述第一主板(130)且朝远离所述第一主板(130)的方向延伸，所述下盖(14)包括第二主板(140)和第二固定部(141)，所述第二固定部(141)连接于所述第二主板(140)且朝远离所述第二主板(140)的方向延伸；
    所述容纳箱包括箱盖(2)以及箱体(3)，所述箱体(3)设置有固定梁(31)，所述固定梁(31)凸出于所述箱体(3)的表面，所述第一固定部(131)、所述第二固定部(141)和所述固定梁(31)三者相对设置，所述第一固定部(131)和所述第二固定部(141)固定在所述固定梁(31)上。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池包，其特征在于：所述第一固定部(131)设置有第一固定孔(1311)，所述第二固定部(141)设置有第二固定孔(1411)，所述电池包还包括螺栓(5)，所述螺栓(5)穿过所述第一固定孔(1311)与所述第二固定孔(1411)并与所述固定梁(31)连接，以将所述电池模块(1)固定在所述箱体(3)上。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于：所述电池包还包括压条(4)，所述第一固定部(131)和所述第二固定部(141)压紧在所述压条(4)和所述固定梁(31)之间，以将所述电池模块(1)固定在所述箱体(3)上。
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