WO2020168884A1 - 一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜 - Google Patents

一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020168884A1
WO2020168884A1 PCT/CN2020/072986 CN2020072986W WO2020168884A1 WO 2020168884 A1 WO2020168884 A1 WO 2020168884A1 CN 2020072986 W CN2020072986 W CN 2020072986W WO 2020168884 A1 WO2020168884 A1 WO 2020168884A1
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Prior art keywords
cabinet
material management
weighing
sensitivity
management cabinet
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PCT/CN2020/072986
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏群仓
陈春毅
魏骁
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西安永固铁路器材有限公司
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Priority to JP2021544461A priority Critical patent/JP7332196B2/ja
Publication of WO2020168884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168884A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B67/00—Chests; Dressing-tables; Medicine cabinets or the like; Cabinets characterised by the arrangement of drawers
    • A47B67/04—Chests of drawers; Cabinets characterised by the arrangement of drawers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B81/00—Cabinets or racks specially adapted for other particular purposes, e.g. for storing guns or skis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B88/00—Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
    • A47B88/90—Constructional details of drawers
    • A47B88/919—Accessories or additional elements for drawers, e.g. drawer lighting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G21/00—Details of weighing apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of storage management systems, and relates to an intelligent material management cabinet, in particular to a high-sensitivity material management cabinet with stacked arrangement and centralized weighing.
  • the Chinese patent "Material Management Device, Application No. 201610303077.5” discloses a material management device, including a drawer-type material cabinet.
  • the material cabinet includes a box-type shell and a number of drawers.
  • the drawers are provided with a number of material storage units. Equipped with a locking mechanism.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: with the aid of the computer management system, the required materials can be quickly searched, and manual search speed is avoided. However, the material weighing unit is not provided, and the quantity of materials in the material drawer cannot be given. Replenish reminder materials in time.
  • the Chinese patent "A smart material management cabinet and distribution system with a quantity display, application number 201710769328.3" published in 2017 discloses an intelligent material management cabinet with a quantity display, including a cabinet, a control system and multiple The material drawer with weighing function, each material drawer is locked on the cabinet by an electric control lock, the lower part of the material drawer is equipped with a weighing sensor, and the intelligent material/part management cabinet that manages the identity of the picker can be displayed in real time
  • the quantity of materials and the statistics and reporting of data through the Internet realize the modern and refined management of materials and parts.
  • the problem with this material cabinet is that each drawer is equipped with a weighing sensor, which increases the cost of the system, and also increases the calibration link and measurement uncertainty of the weighing.
  • the present invention provides a high-sensitivity centralized weighing and counting material management cabinet.
  • the same weighing unit realizes the weighing of several material drawers on the upper layer, and performs counting and display according to the weight of the material.
  • the auxiliary support mechanism overcomes the influence of the cabinet's own weight on the load cell range, and greatly improves the measurement sensitivity.
  • a high-sensitivity centralized weighing and counting material management cabinet includes a cabinet body, a cabinet body bottom frame, an auxiliary support unit, and a control measurement module.
  • the cabinet body is arranged on the cabinet body bottom frame, and a plurality of stacked devices are arranged in the cabinet body.
  • the drawer for material storage in the cabinet body is equipped with a weighing unit on the cabinet bottom frame to measure the weight of the entire material management cabinet in real time; the auxiliary support unit applies an upward constant support force to the cabinet body bottom frame, and the range of the support force The value is less than the weight of the cabinet frame when the material is empty; the control measurement module controls the opening of the drawer, and according to the parameters of the load cell, calculates the quantity of the material in the material management cabinet and displays it.
  • the weighing unit includes several weighing sensors arranged on the bottom frame of the cabinet.
  • the fixed end of the weighing sensor is equipped with a foot, and the movable end is connected by bolts.
  • the weight of the material management cabinet acts on the load cell via the pressure plate, and the weight of the material management cabinet is measured.
  • the auxiliary support unit is a number of piston rod units arranged under the cabinet bottom frame;
  • the piston rod unit includes a sealed cylinder and a sliding cylinder that slides up and down in the sealed cylinder.
  • the rod body, the upper end and the middle part of the rod body and the cylinder body of the sealing cylinder respectively form an upper cavity and a middle cavity.
  • the upper cavity and the middle cavity are connected by a number of through holes.
  • the upper end of the sealing cylinder is provided with The one-way inflation valve fills the upper cavity with pressure medium.
  • a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing cylinder body and the rod body.
  • the auxiliary support unit is a lever counterweight unit
  • the fulcrum of the lever is set on the lever base
  • the short arm end exerts an upward force on the cabinet bottom frame
  • the long arm end of the lever is The counterweight is solidly connected.
  • lever counterweight units are arranged under the material management cabinet, the fulcrum of each lever is fixed on the corresponding height adjustable lever base, and the force point at the short arm end is set in the cabinet On the pressure-bearing plate on the outer periphery of the body underframe, the long arm end of the lever is fixedly connected with the same counterweight through a pressure block.
  • the torque ratio of the lever is 10-20:1.
  • the control measurement module includes an upper computer, an identification unit and a lower computer; the upper computer is electrically connected with the identity recognition unit, and the lower computer is electrically connected with the weighing unit and the electronic control lock set on the drawer Electrical connection, the lower computer controls the opening of the drawer, and uploads the material quantity data to the upper computer.
  • a backing plate is arranged between the pressure plate and the load cell body.
  • load cells are distributed at the four corners of the material management cabinet.
  • the load cells are cantilever beam strain sensors, and the load cell body is affixed with strain gauges.
  • the present invention changes the measurement method of the traditional material cabinet for weighing a single material with an independent configuration weighing unit, and proposes an intelligent management cabinet composed of multiple drawers suitable for unified weighing and measurement of multiple materials. Only a set of (four) weighing sensor measuring units are set at the bottom of the cabinet, and the software algorithm is used to complete the time-sharing weighing measurement of different materials in the upper multi-layer drawer, and calculate the quantity of materials in the drawer in real time.
  • a set of cabinets is equipped with only one set of weighing measurement unit to complete the measurement and management of a variety of materials. Compared with the traditional weighing material management system, the cost of the hardware composition of the unit material is low, and the system is cost-effective.
  • the weighing measurement unit used in the present invention needs to weigh the cabinet as a whole.
  • the weight includes not only the weight of the material, but also the self-weight of the cabinet.
  • the strength requirements of the structure often make the self-weight of the cabinet take up a lot of effective range. space.
  • a measurement sensor with a larger measuring range is generally required.
  • the larger the sensor range means the larger the minimum sensing weight, the lower the sensitivity, and the worse the measurement accuracy.
  • the present invention adds a set of independent auxiliary support mechanism at the bottom of the cabinet, which can generate a constant upward support force on the cabinet during the measurement process, and balance most of the cabinet.
  • the self-weight reduces the load range of the sensor without affecting the measurement accuracy, effectively reducing the sensor range.
  • the auxiliary support mechanism has two structural forms, one is a piston rod type auxiliary support mechanism, and the other is a lever counterweight auxiliary support mechanism.
  • the piston rod type auxiliary supporting mechanism adopted by the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient installation. At the same time, the gas and liquid pressure of the piston rod can be set, and then the supporting force can be adjusted to adapt to the weight of the cabinet. The device can effectively realize constant force support under the quasi-static conditions of material access and ensure the measurement accuracy.
  • the lever counterweight auxiliary supporting mechanism used in the present invention is composed of four fixed fulcrums, four lever arms and counterweight mounds.
  • the short arm ends of the four levers are upwardly supported on the bottom surface of the cabinet body, and the long arm ends are connected with the counterweight mound through the pressing block.
  • Choosing a larger leverage ratio and using a smaller counterweight can achieve larger constant support, which offsets the weight of the cabinet itself.
  • multiple levers share the same counterweight, the structure is simple to realize, it is convenient to adjust the counterweight according to the range of the cabinet, and can meet the constant support needs of different specifications of material cabinets.
  • the material cabinet of the present invention adopts four cantilever beam weighing sensors with independent legs, which together with the auxiliary support mechanism support the material cabinet and complete the detection function of the change of the material weight.
  • the measurement data has high accuracy, simple structure and convenient installation, debugging and maintenance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first generation stacked material management cabinet of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first generation stacked material management cabinet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the control and measurement module of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the composition principle of the lower computer of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the load cell of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a working principle diagram of the load cell of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the material management cabinet with an auxiliary support unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the material management cabinet adopting the piston rod type auxiliary supporting mechanism in the first embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the piston rod unit in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight auxiliary supporting mechanism and the weighing unit in the second embodiment
  • Figure 11 is a top view of Figure 10
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of Fig. 10.
  • the first-generation multi-layer drawer centralized weighing material management cabinet invented by the company includes a cabinet body 5, a cabinet body bottom frame 3, and a control measurement module 1.
  • the cabinet body 5 is set in the cabinet.
  • the cabinet body 5 is provided with a number of drawers 2 for storing materials stacked one above the other; the materials or parts are placed in different drawers in different categories.
  • a set of weighing units is installed in the cabinet bottom frame 3 to measure the weight of the entire material management cabinet in real time; the material drawer is locked on the cabinet 5 by an electric control lock, and the user's identity can only be confirmed by the identification unit
  • the drawer is automatically opened by the electric lock.
  • the control measurement module 1 includes an upper computer, an identification unit and several lower computers; each lower computer is located in the material management cabinet.
  • the upper computer can connect up to 63 groups of lower computers through the RS485 bus, and one upper computer can manage up to 63 groups of material cabinet units.
  • the upper computer is a human-computer interaction interface, and a tablet is recommended.
  • the upper computer runs special control software.
  • the main interface of the software displays the product names, specifications, inventory quantity and low inventory warning quantity of materials stored in multiple cabinets and multi-layer drawers, and the open status of the drawers is displayed by color.
  • the upper computer is connected to the identification unit through the COM interface (or USB interface), reads the user's identity information and performs verification and login.
  • the identity recognition unit includes one or several combinations of a radio frequency card recognition module, a fingerprint recognition module, a face recognition module and an iris recognition module. The purpose of adopting multiple recognition methods is to facilitate users and cope with different use environments and habits.
  • the lower computer When accessing materials, the lower computer detects the action of the button on the cabinet body, releases the electronically controlled lock corresponding to the drawer, and completes the opening of the drawer.
  • the lower computer is connected to the weighing unit to complete the weight measurement and calculation and display of the material quantity in the designated material drawer, and upload the final data to the upper computer. After the material access is completed, the user can directly close the drawer manually.
  • the lower computer is mainly composed of MCU, RS485 transceiver, lock control circuit, weighing circuit and control panel.
  • the MCU of the lower computer transmits and receives the instructions and data from the upper computer through the power supply unit through the RS485 transceiver and the RS485 bus;
  • the lock control circuit is electrically connected with the multi-channel electric control lock to open the drawer and monitor its status;
  • the weighing circuit monitors the material cabinet When the weight changes, the measurement data is reported to the MCU in real time.
  • the control panel is used to display the number of the cabinet and the dynamic quantity information of materials.
  • the upper computer has functions such as material information editing and building, inventory display, low inventory warning, material access record retrieval, user management, network sharing of data, etc.
  • the material database can be established through the material information input interface; the inventory data reported by the lower computer is collected and displayed in real time; the material access flow bill is automatically generated, and the material database is updated at the same time; it is connected to the network server through the network cable or Wifi to share data information and realize remote management.
  • control measurement module 1 further includes a power supply unit whose function is to supply power to multiple groups of lower computer systems when the user logs in through verification. After the access operation is completed, the power is turned off to log out the user and reach the non-login state. The purpose of system power saving.
  • the weighing unit includes four strain gauge load cells 6 arranged in the cabinet bottom frame 3, and the four load cells 6 are each fastened to the four corners of the cabinet bottom frame with two bolts. , Each loading end is installed with a foot 4 to support on the ground 12. Level the four feet, and measure the weight of the cabinet through the strain signals output by the four load cells 6.
  • the load cell of the present invention adopts a four-wire cantilever beam strain sensor, two excitation power input lines, and two strain signal output lines.
  • the strain signals output by the four sensors are connected in parallel and enter the subsequent amplification and AD conversion circuit.
  • the weight difference before and after the material access operation can be calculated.
  • the quantity change value of the material is calculated. This value is the stock material when it is positive. When it is negative, the material is taken. This value will be displayed on the control panel in real time, and the calculated number will be reported to the upper computer when the drawer is closed.
  • the present invention proposes a material management cabinet structure with an auxiliary support mechanism.
  • the materials are contained in the drawer 2, which is installed in the cabinet 5, and the cabinet 5 is in the cabinet bottom frame 3.
  • drawer 2, cabinet body 5 and cabinet body bottom frame 3 are collectively referred to as frame). Because of the strength, the weight of the frame containing the material will be greater than the weight of the material contained in some cases, which greatly wastes the weighing The effective measurement range of sensor 6.
  • the sensor In order to ensure the measurement range of materials, in general, a large range of load cells needs to be selected so that the weight of the entire material cabinet is included in the range. At the same time, the sensor is required to have measurement accuracy and resolution that meet certain requirements to sense small weights. The material changes. The sensor has a large range and high resolution at the same time, which becomes a difficult contradiction to solve.
  • a C3 sensor with a full scale of 100kg needs to be selected.
  • the accuracy of the sensor is 0.033% of the full scale.
  • the uncertainty of the weighed weight is 33g, that is to say, select
  • the discernible parts weight of the material cabinet of the C3 sensor is 33g, and parts with a weight less than 33g will not be able to accurately distinguish and count.
  • the auxiliary support unit 20 is required to achieve constant support, that is, when the weight of the material in the material cabinet changes, the supporting force of the material cabinet remains unchanged.
  • the supporting force is generally required to be less than the weight of the empty material cabinet, and the difference is maintained at about 10kg.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the supporting structure of the material cabinet adopting the piston rod type auxiliary supporting mechanism in the first embodiment.
  • four load cells 6 are arranged under the cabinet bottom frame 3, and each load cell 6 is supported on the ground by a foot 4.
  • a piston rod-type auxiliary support mechanism is provided at the middle positions on both sides of the cabinet bottom frame 3 to realize constant support for the cabinet.
  • the piston rod unit includes a sealing cylinder 31, a rod 32 that can slide up and down in the sealing cylinder 31, and a sealing ring 38.
  • the upper end 33 of the rod body 32 is a stepped structure, the upper end is thick and the middle is thin; the upper end 33 of the rod body 32 and the top cover of the sealing cylinder body 31 constitute the upper cavity 34; the middle part of the rod body 32 and the outer ring of the sealing cylinder body 31
  • the cylinder body forms a middle cavity 35; the upper end 33 of the rod body 32 is provided with a number of through holes 36 connecting the upper cavity 34 and the middle cavity 35; the upper cavity 34 and the middle cavity 35 are filled with gas or gas-liquid mixed pressure When the rod 32 moves, the pressure medium can flow in the two cavities.
  • the upper end of the sealing cylinder 31 is provided with a one-way inflation valve 37. After the upper cavity 34 is filled with a gas or gas-liquid mixture of a set pressure, the one-way inflation valve 37 is immediately sealed; between the sealing cylinder 31 and the rod 32 A sealing ring 38 is provided to realize the movable sealing of the pressure medium in the sealing cylinder 31. After charging, the rod 32 is pushed out and stays at a certain position of the sealed cylinder 31, and its external thrust is constant. In use, the upper part of the sealing cylinder 31 is supported on the upper edge of the cabinet bottom frame 3, and the lower end of the rod body 32 is supported on the ground.
  • the rate of change of thrust can be calculated
  • the material weighing process is a quasi-static process, and the piston rod basically does not telescope.
  • the deformation of the strain sensor plus the deformation of the cabinet body generally does not exceed 0.1mm.
  • the thrust change will not exceed 0.0142N, which is about 1.4g. With such a small change in thrust, it can be considered that the supporting force is constant, which is not enough to affect the measurement.
  • Figures 10-12 show the working principle when the auxiliary support unit 20 in the second embodiment is a lever counterweight unit, which consists of four fixed fulcrums, four lever arms and a counterweight mound.
  • the short arm ends of the four levers are upwardly supported on the bottom surface of the cabinet body, and the long arm ends are fixedly connected with the counterweight.
  • the weight of the counterweight will be transformed into a constant upward supporting force at the ends of the four levers' short arms, which will offset most of the weight of the cabinet. Since the weight of the counterweight does not change when picking and placing materials, the supporting force to the cabinet underframe through leverage is constant.
  • the lever 41 includes a fulcrum 42, a short arm end 43 and a long arm end 44.
  • the fulcrum 42 of the lever 41 is set on the height-adjustable lever base 46; the short arm end 43 is pressed against the cabinet bottom frame 3 Below the board 7, an upward force is applied to the cabinet bottom frame 3; the long arm end 44 of the lever 41 is fixedly connected with the counterweight 45.
  • the force application point of the short arm end 43 is set on the pressure bearing plate 7 on the outer periphery of the cabinet chassis 3, and the long arm end 44 of the lever 41 passes through two pressure blocks 47 and a counterweight.
  • the mound is 45 solid joints.
  • the cross section of the lever 41 is a rectangular structure to increase the bending moment.
  • the counterweight mound 45 is set in the middle of the cabinet bottom frame 3, the center of the counterweight mound is provided with a center screw 48, and the counterweight mound 45 is fixed on the center screw 48.
  • the two pressing blocks 47 have a hollow structure and are connected to On the center screw 48, the bottom of the upper pressing block and the top of the lower pressing block are provided with corresponding grooves.
  • the long arm ends 44 of the four levers 41 are respectively crimped in the grooves from four angles to realize the connection with the counterweight. 45 fixed link.
  • the counterweight 45 can be easily replaced according to the requirements of different counterweights.
  • the torque ratio of the lever 41 is 10-20:1, so that a large mass of counterweight can be achieved through a small weight counterweight, thereby offsetting most Or the weight of the entire frame, and can ensure that the whole process of constant support is realized when the material is sampled; at the same time, the fulcrum 42 of each lever 41 is fixed on the corresponding height adjustable lever base 46, which is convenient to adapt to the height of the material cabinet foot 4 .
  • the four lever bases 46 can be arranged on the same bottom plate with frame edges to achieve stable support and facilitate installation and debugging.
  • the identification unit first recognizes the identity of the operator and confirms its operation authority for material access. And the subsequent material access operations will form an electronic bill and archive it.
  • the corresponding material drawer will enter the calibration mode, collect the drawer tare weight and memorize it; input the quantity of materials to be put into storage on the operation interface and confirm, the drawer automatically opens; this quantity of materials After putting it in the drawer, close the drawer and the calibration is complete.
  • the corresponding material drawer will automatically pop up, and the digital tube will immediately display the quantity of the existing materials; direct access to materials, each time a piece of material is taken, the number of materials on the digital tube will decrease by one. Enter a piece of material, the number of materials on the digital tube will increase by one; manually close the material drawer, the deposit and withdrawal operation is completed.
  • the system interface will issue a replenishment prompt message for this specification material.
  • the invention is based on a plurality of high-sensitivity centralized weighing and counting material management cabinets to form an intelligent material management system or an intelligent material management warehouse, which completes the self-service access, low inventory warning, inventory statistics and automatic flow of several different materials on large-scale production lines Bookkeeping and other functions, and realize unmanned duty in the warehouse, realize unified collection and data management of the server terminal, and facilitate the modern and refined management of materials and parts.

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Abstract

一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，包括柜体（5）、柜体底架（3）、辅助支撑单元（20）和控制测量模块（1），该柜体（5）设置在柜体底架（3）上，柜体（5）内设置有若干只层叠设置的物料存储用抽屉（2），柜体底架（3）上设置有称重单元，对整个物料管理柜的重量进行实时测量；该辅助支撑单元（20）对柜体底架（3）施加向上的恒定支撑力，支撑力的幅值小于物料空置时柜体框架的重量；控制测量模块（1）控制抽屉（2）的开启，并根据称重传感器（6）的参数，计算得到物料管理柜中物料的数量并进行显示。该辅助支撑机构在测量过程中可对柜体产生向上的恒定支撑力，平衡掉大部分的柜体自重，减轻传感器的负荷范围，却不影响测量精度，有效降低传感器量程。

Description

一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜 技术领域
本发明属于仓储管理系统技术领域，涉及一种智能化的物料管理柜，尤其是一种层叠设置、集中称重的高灵敏度物料管理柜。
背景技术
在高端智能制造和维修行业的物料和零件管理使用中，存在的人工效率低下，零件和物料补给不及时，数量统计不准确等缺点，满足不了对物料和零件进出库标准化、精细化管理的要求，为此产生了智能物料管理技术。
中国专利“物料管理装置，申请号201610303077.5”公开了一种物料管理装置，包括抽屉式物料柜，该物料柜包括箱式壳体和若干抽屉，上述抽屉内设有若干物料储存单元，上述抽屉各自装配有锁紧机构。本发明的有益效果为：借助计算机管理系统，可以快速的查找所需要的物料，避免人工查找速度慢的特性，但是其没有设置物料称重单元，没法给出物料抽屉中物料的数量，从而给提醒物料及时补充。
2017年公开的中国专利“一种带有数量显示的智能物料管理柜及配送系统，申请号201710769328.3”公开了一种带有数量显示的智能物料管理柜，包括柜体、控制系统和多只具有称重功能的物料抽屉，每只物料抽屉通过电控锁锁定在柜体上，物料抽屉下部设置有称重传感器，并对取料人进行身份识别管理的智能料/零件管理柜，可实时显示物料数量及通过互联网将数据统计上报，实现了物料和零件的现代化、精细化管理。但是这种物料柜存在的问题是，每只抽屉均设置有称重传感器，增加了系统的成本，也增加了称重的标定环节和测量不确定度。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，同一称重单元实现对其上层若干物料抽屉的称重，并根据物料的重量进行计数和显示。采取辅助支撑机构克服了柜体自重对称重传感器量程的影响，大大提高了测量的灵敏度。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，包括柜体、柜体底架、辅助支撑 单元和控制测量模块，所述柜体设置在柜体底架上，柜体内设置有若干只层叠设置的物料存储用抽屉，柜体底架上设置有称重单元，对整个物料管理柜的重量进行实时测量；所述的辅助支撑单元对柜体底架施加向上的恒定支撑力，支撑力的幅值小于物料空置时柜体框架的重量；控制测量模块控制抽屉的开启，并根据称重传感器的参数，计算得到物料管理柜中物料的数量并进行显示。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，所述的称重单元包括设置在柜体底架上的若干只称重传感器，称重传感器的固定端安装有地脚，活动端通过螺栓联接在柜体底架的承压板上，物料管理柜的重量经承压板作用至称重传感器，并测量得到物料管理柜的重量。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，辅助支撑单元为设置在柜体底架下方的若干只活塞杆单元；所述的活塞杆单元包括密封缸体和在密封缸体内上下滑动的杆体，杆体的上端部和中部与密封缸体的缸体之间分别形成了上部空腔和中部空腔，上部空腔和中部空腔之间由若干通孔连通，密封缸体的上端设置有单向充气阀，为上部空腔充进压力介质。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，密封缸体与杆体之间设置有密封圈。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，辅助支撑单元为杠杆配重单元，杠杆的支点设置在杠杆底座上，短臂端给柜体底架施加向上的力，杠杆的长臂端与配重砣固联。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，物料管理柜下方设置有若干只杠杆配重单元，每只杠杆的支点固定在对应高度可调节的杠杆底座上，短臂端的施力点设置在柜体底架外周的承压板上，杠杆的长臂端通过压块与同一只配重砣固联。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，杠杆的力矩比为10-20:1。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，控制测量模块包括上位机、身份识别单元和下位机；上位机与身份识别单元电联接，下位机与称重单元和抽屉上设置的电控锁电联接，下位机控制抽屉的开启，并将物料数量数据上传至上位机。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，在承压板和称重传感器本体之间设置有垫板。
上述高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜中，若干只称重传感器分布设置在物料管理柜的四个边角，称重传感器为悬臂梁式应变传感器，称重传感器本体上贴有应变片。
本发明具有的有益技术效果如下：
1、本发明改变了传统物料柜对单一物料独立配置称重单元进行称量的计测方式，提出了一种由多层抽屉组成的适用于多种物料统一称重计测的智能管理柜。柜体底部只设置一组(四只)称重传感器测量单元，配合软件算法，完成对其上多层抽屉内不同物料的分时称重测量，并实时计算出抽屉中物料数量。一组柜体只配置一套称重测量单元，即可完成多种物料的计测管理，相对于传统的称重式物料管理系统，单位物料的硬件构成成本低，系统性价比高。
2、本发明采用的称重测量单元需要对柜体进行整体称重，该重量不仅包含物料的重量，还有柜体的自重，结构的强度要求往往使柜体自重占去不少的有效量程空间。为满足量程需要，一般情况下需要配套较大量程的测量传感器。传感器量程越大意味着最小感测重量越大，灵敏度越低，测量精度越差。为保证测量精度，有效降低量程浪费，本发明在柜体底部增加了一套独立的辅助支撑机构，该机构在测量过程中可对柜体产生向上的恒定支撑力，平衡掉大部分的柜体自重，减轻传感器的负荷范围，却不影响测量精度，有效降低传感器量程。辅助支撑机构有两种结构形式，一种是活塞杆式辅助支撑机构，另一种是杠杆配重辅助支撑机构。
3、本发明采用的活塞杆式辅助支撑机构，具有结构简单，安装方便的特点，同时可设定活塞杆的气液体压力，继而调节支撑力，以适配柜体自重。该装置在物料存取的准静态条件，可有效实现恒力支撑，确保计测精度。
4、本发明采用的杠杆配重辅助支撑机构由四个固定支点、四根杠杆臂和配重砣组成。四根杠杆短臂端向上支撑在柜体底架下表面，长臂端通过压块与配重砣连接。选择较大的杠杆比，采用较小的配重即可实现了较大的恒力支撑，抵消了柜体自身重量。同时，多只杠杆共用同一个配重砣，结构实现简单，便于根据柜体的量程进行配重调整，可满足不同规格物料柜恒力支撑的需求。
5、本发明的物料柜采用四只带独立支脚的悬臂梁式称重传感器，与辅助支撑机构一起，共同支撑物料柜，并完成对物料重量变化的检测功能。测量数据精确度高，且结构简单，安装、调试和维护方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一代层叠式物料管理柜的结构示意图；
图2为本发明第一代层叠式物料管理柜内部结构示意图；
图3为本发明控制测量模块的组成框图；
图4为本发明下位机的组成原理示意图；
图5为本发明称重传感器安装示意图；
图6为本发明称重传感器工作原理图；
图7为本发明带有辅助支撑单元的物料管理柜原理示意图；
图8为实施例一中采用活塞杆式辅助支撑机构的物料管理柜原理示意图；
图9为实施例一中活塞杆单元的结构示意图；
图10为实施例二中配重辅助支撑机构及称重单元的结构示意图；
图11为图10的俯视图；
[根据细则26改正09.03.2020]　
图12为图10的主视图。
附图标记：1—控制测量模块；2—抽屉；3—柜体底架；4—地脚；5—柜体；6—称重传感器；7—承压板；8—螺栓；9—垫板；10—活动端；11—固定端；12—地面；15—电缆输出端；20—辅助支撑单元；31—密封缸体；32—杆体；33—上端部；34—上部空腔；35—中部空腔；36—通孔；37—单向充气阀；38—密封圈；39—活塞杆底座；41—杠杆；42—支点；43—短臂端；44—长臂端；45—配重砣；46—杠杆底座；47—压块；48—中心螺杆。
具体实施方式
如图1-3所示，本公司发明的第一代多层抽屉集中称重的物料管理柜，包括柜体5、柜体底架3和控制测量模块1，所述柜体5设置在柜体底架3上，柜体5内设置有若干只上下层叠设置的物料存储用抽屉2；物料或零件分种类放置在不同的抽屉内。柜体底架3内设置有一套称重单元，对整个物料管理柜的重量进行实时测量；物料抽屉通过电控锁锁定在柜体5上，只有通过身份识别单元对使用者的身份确认后才能通过电控锁自动打开抽屉。
控制测量模块1包括上位机、身份识别单元和若干个下位机；每个下位机位于所在的物料管理柜中。上位机通过RS485总线可连接最多63组下位机，一台 上位机可管理多达63组物料柜单元。上位机为人机交互界面，推荐使用平板电脑。上位机运行专用控制软件，软件主界面显示编组好的多组柜体、多层抽屉内存储物料的品名规格、库存数量和低库存警示数量，并通过颜色显示抽屉的开启状态。
上位机通过COM接口(或USB接口)连接身份识别单元，读取用户身份信息并进行验证登录。身份识别单元包括射频卡识别模块、指纹识别模块、人脸识别模块和虹膜识别模块的一种或几种组合，采用多种识别方式的目的在于方便用户，应对不同的使用环境和习惯。
存取物料时，下位机检测柜体上按钮的动作，释放对应抽屉的电控锁，完成抽屉开启。下位机连接称重单元，完成重量测量和指定物料抽屉的物料数量计算显示，并将最终数据上传至上位机。完成物料存取后，用户可直接手动关闭抽屉。
图4中，下位机主要由MCU、RS485收发器、锁控电路、称重电路和控制面板等组成。下位机MCU通过RS485收发器和RS485总线收发来自上位机通过供电单元传递的指令和数据；锁控电路与多路电控锁电联接，用于开启抽屉并监测其状态；称重电路监测物料柜重量变化，测量数据实时上报MCU。控制面板用于显示本组柜体的编号和物料动态数量信息。
上位机具有物料信息编辑建库、库存显示、低库存警示、物料存取记录检索、用户管理、网络共享数据等功能。可通过物料信息输入界面建立物料数据库；实时收集和显示下位机上报的库存数据；自动生成物料存取流水账单，同时更新物料数据库；通过网线或Wifi在与网络服务器连接，共享数据信息，实现远程管理。
作为一种实施方式，控制测量模块1还包括供电单元，其功能为用户通过验证登录时向多组下位机系统供电，在完成存取操作后，再断电以注销用户，同时达到非登录状态下系统节电的目的。
如图5和图6所示，称重单元包括设置在柜体底架3内的四只应变式称重传感器6，四只称重传感器6各用两只螺栓紧固于柜体底架四角，加载端各安装一只地脚4支撑于地面12上。调平四只支脚，通过四只称重传感器6输出的应变信号即可测量出柜体重量。
本发明的称重传感器采用四线制悬臂梁式应变传感器，两根激励电源输入 线，两根应变信号输出线。四只传感器输出的应变信号并连后进入后续放大和AD转换电路。根据AD转换电路采集到的重量数据，可以计算出物料存取操作前后的重量差值，借助预先标定的单件物料比重量，计算得到物料的数量变化值，该值为正时为存物料，为负时为取物料。该值实时显示于控制面板上，在关闭抽屉时将计算得出的存留数量上报上位机。
如图7所示，为了进一步提高测量精度和对轻小物料的分辨力，本发明提出了一种带有辅助支撑机构的物料管理柜结构。在图1-6所述的第一代多层抽屉集中称重物料管理柜应用中，物料是容纳在抽屉2中，抽屉2安装在柜体5内，柜体5又位于柜体底架3上(这里将抽屉2、柜体5柜体底架3统称为框架)，因为强度的原因，容纳物料的框架自重在有些情况下会大于所容纳物料的重量，较大程度上浪费了称重传感器6的有效测量量程。为了保证物料测量量程，一般情况下需要选用大量程的称重传感器，使得整个物料柜的重量都包含在量程内，同时又需要传感器具有满足一定要求的测量精度和分辨率，以感测小重量的物料变化。传感器同时具有大量程和高分辨率，成为难以解决的矛盾。
假设物料重量为50kg，框架自重为50kg，则需要选用满量程为100kg的C3级传感器，该传感器的精度为满量程的0.033％，那么所称重量的不确定度即为33g，也就是说选用C3级传感器的物料柜可分辨的零件重量为33g，重量小于33g的零件将会无法准确进行分辨计数。
如果在柜体的下方设置辅助支撑机构，用40kg向上的恒定支撑力平衡掉大部分的柜体自重。实际加载到传感器上的最大重量变为60kg，这样就可以改用量程为60kg的C3级传感器，那么所称重量的不确定度变为20g，也就是说选用C3级传感器的物料柜可分辨的零件重量为20g，提高了分辨精度。
要满足以上抵消或减小框架重量的要求，就需要辅助支撑单元20能实现恒力支撑，即在物料柜中物料重量发生变化时，仍对物料柜的支撑力保持不变。为保证系统稳定，一般要求此支撑力小于空置物料柜的重量，差值保持在10kg左右。
图8和图9为实施例一中采用活塞杆式辅助支撑机构的物料柜支撑结构示意图。图8中柜体底架3下设置了四只称重传感器6，每只称重传感器6通过地脚4支撑在地面上。在柜体底架3两侧中间位置各设置一只活塞杆式辅助支撑机构， 实现了对柜体的恒力支撑。
活塞杆单元包括密封缸体31、可在密封缸体31内上下滑动的杆体32，以及密封圈38。杆体32的上端部33为台阶状结构，上端粗中间细；杆体32的上端部33和密封缸体31的顶盖构成了上部空腔34；杆体32的中间部位外圈和密封缸体31的缸身形成了中部空腔35；杆体32上端部33设置由若干连通上部空腔34和中部空腔35的通孔36；上部空腔34和中部空腔35内充满气体或气液混合的压力介质，杆体32移动时，压力介质可在两个空腔内流动。
密封缸体31上端设置有单向充气阀37，为上部空腔34充进设定压力的气体或气液混合体后，单向充气阀37立刻密封；在密封缸体31与杆体32之间设置有密封圈38，实现密封缸体31内压力介质的活动密封。充压后杆体32被推出，停留在密封缸体31的某一位置，其对外的推力是恒定的。使用中密封缸体31的上部支撑在柜体底架3的上沿，杆体32的下端则支撑在地面上。
为了说明上述活塞杆的恒力支撑原理，进行以下说明：
假设密封缸体31内冲入气液体后，杆体32全部伸出缸体外部，此时缸体内部的气液容积为C，压力为P，杆体中部的横截面积为A，则杆体对外的推力为F＝AP；
假设杆体向密封缸体内部推入距离s，杆体对外推力变为
Figure PCTCN2020072986-appb-000001
对上式求导，可得出推力变化率为
Figure PCTCN2020072986-appb-000002
如果取P＝1Mpa，s＝50mm，杆径10mm，密封缸体长度为200mm，内径18mm，即
A＝78.54mm 2，C＝5.089x10 4mm 3
可计算出推力变化率为
Figure PCTCN2020072986-appb-000003
物料称重过程为准静态过程，活塞杆基本上不发生伸缩动作。对于正常的存取物料操作，应变传感器的变形量加上柜体的变形量，一般不超过0.1mm。由此可以估算出，推力变化将不超过0.0142N，约合1.4g。如此小的推力变化，可以认为支撑力恒定不变，不足以对测量造成影响。
图10-12给出了实施例二中辅助支撑单元20为杠杆配重单元时的工作原理，由四个固定支点、四根杠杆臂和一只配重砣组成。四根杠杆短臂端向上支撑在柜体底架下表面，长臂端与配重砣固联。配重砣的重力将转化为四根杠杆短臂端向上的恒定支撑力，抵消掉大部分的柜体自重。由于取放物料时配重砣的重量不变，经过杠杆作用至柜体底架的支撑力为恒力。
图10中，杠杆41包括支点42、短臂端43和长臂端44，杠杆41的支点42设置在高度可调节的杠杆底座46上；短臂端43顶在柜体底架3的承压板7下方，给柜体底架3施加向上的力；杠杆41的长臂端44与配重砣45固联。
如图11所示，作为进一步的实施方式，短臂端43的施力点设置在柜体底架3外周的承压板7上，杠杆41的长臂端44通过两只压块47与配重砣45固联。杠杆41的横截面为长方形结构以提高弯矩。该配重砣45设置在柜体底架3的中部位置，配重砣的中心设置有中心螺杆48，配重砣45固定在中心螺杆48上，两只压块47为中空结构，穿接在中心螺杆48上，上压块的底部和下压块的顶部开有对应的凹槽，将四只杠杆41的长臂端44从四个角度分别压接在凹槽内，实现与配重砣45的固联。
配重砣45可根据不同配重量的要求方便进行更换，此外杠杆41的力矩比为10-20:1，这样通过很小重量的配重砣就可以实现大质量的配重，从而抵消大部分或全部框架的重量，而且可以确保在物料取样时，实现全程的恒力支撑；同时每只杠杆41的支点42固定在对应高度可调节的杠杆底座46上，便于适应物料柜地脚4的高度。
作为进一步的实施方式，四只杠杆底座46可设置在同一只带有框边的底板上，实现稳定支撑并便于安装调试。
下面对物料管理柜的主要功能和操作步骤进行详述：
一、人员身份识别与电子账单管理。
启动装置上位机进入系统操作界面。通过身份识别单元首先对操作人员的身份进行辨识，确认其对物料存取的操作权限。并对之后进行的物料存取操作将形成本人电子账单并存档。
二、物料清单建立
在系统操作界面上，根据入库物料的大小分配相适应的物料抽屉类型，并输入物料名称、规格、单位、补货提示数量和备注等信息。
三、物料标定
点击系统操作界面上对应物料规格的标定按钮，对应物料抽屉将进入标定模式，采集抽屉皮重并记忆；在操作界面上输入准备入库的物料数量并确认，抽屉自动打开；将此数量的物料放入抽屉后关闭抽屉，标定完成。
四、物料出入库
按下柜体上绿色按钮，对应的物料抽屉将自动弹开，数码管即刻显示已有物料数量；直接存取物料，每拿取一件物料，数码管上的物料数量将减少一个，每存入一件物料，数码管上的物料数量将增加一个；手动关闭物料抽屉，存取操作完成。
五、库存查询与远程数据管理
用户可从系统界面的清单中方便地查询到柜体内物料的现存数量，同时通过局域网内共享物料清单，方便远程数据收集和分析。
六、低库存警示
当抽屉中的物料数量不足预设定的警示数量时，系统界面上将对该规格物料发出补货提示信息。
本发明基于多个高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜组成了智能物料管理系统或智能物料管理仓库，完成对大型生产线上若干种不同物料的自助存取、低库存警示、库存统计和自动流水记账等功能，并实现了仓库的无人化值守，实现了服务器终端统一汇总和数据管理，方便了对物料和零件的现代化、精细化管理。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：包括柜体(5)、辅助支撑单元(20)和控制测量模块(1)，所述柜体(5)内设置有若干只层叠设置的物料存储用抽屉(2)，柜体(5)下方设置有称重单元，对整个物料管理柜的重量进行实时测量；所述的辅助支撑单元(20)对柜体(5)施加向上的恒定支撑力，支撑力的幅值小于物料空置时柜体框架的重量；控制测量模块(1)控制抽屉的开启，并根据称重传感器的参数，计算得到物料管理柜中物料的数量并进行显示。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：所述柜体(5)设置在柜体底架(3)上，所述的称重单元包括设置在柜体底架(3)上的若干只称重传感器(6)，称重传感器(6)的固定端(11)安装有地脚(4)，活动端(10)通过螺栓(8)联接在柜体底架(3)的承压板(7)上，物料管理柜的重量经承压板(7)作用至称重传感器(6)，并测量得到物料管理柜的重量。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：辅助支撑单元(20)为设置在柜体底架(3)下方的若干只活塞杆单元；所述的活塞杆单元包括密封缸体(31)和在密封缸体(31)内上下滑动的杆体(32)，杆体(32)的上端部(33)和中部与密封缸体(31)的缸体之间分别形成了上部空腔(34)和中部空腔(35)，上部空腔(34)和中部空腔(35)之间由若干通孔(36)连通，密封缸体(31)的上端设置有单向充气阀(37)，为上部空腔(34)充进压力介质。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：密封缸体(31)与杆体(32)之间设置有密封圈(38)。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：辅助支撑单元(20)为杠杆配重单元，杠杆(41)的支点(42)设置在杠杆底座(46)上，短臂端(43)给柜体(5)施加向上的力，杠杆(41)的长臂端(44)与配重砣(45)固联。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：物料管理柜下方设置有若干只杠杆配重单元，每只杠杆(41)的支点(42)固定在对应高度可调节的杠杆底座(46)上，短臂端(43)的施力点设置在柜体底架(3)外周的承压板(7)上，杠杆(41)的长臂端(44)通过压块(47)与 同一只配重砣(45)固联。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：杠杆(41)的力矩比为10-20:1。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：控制测量模块(1)包括上位机、身份识别单元和下位机；上位机与身份识别单元电联接，下位机与称重单元和抽屉上设置的电控锁电联接，下位机控制抽屉的开启，并将物料数量数据上传至上位机。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：在承压板(7)和称重传感器本体之间设置有垫板(9)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的高灵敏度集中称重计数的物料管理柜，其特征在于：若干只称重传感器(6)分布设置在物料管理柜的四个边角，称重传感器(6)为悬臂梁式应变传感器，称重传感器(6)本体上贴有应变片。
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