WO2020166524A1 - 増殖方法 - Google Patents
増殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020166524A1 WO2020166524A1 PCT/JP2020/004930 JP2020004930W WO2020166524A1 WO 2020166524 A1 WO2020166524 A1 WO 2020166524A1 JP 2020004930 W JP2020004930 W JP 2020004930W WO 2020166524 A1 WO2020166524 A1 WO 2020166524A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for propagating influenza virus in a host.
- Flu is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, which is a respiratory infection that is infected by droplet infection, contact infection, etc., and has strong systemic symptoms such as high fever, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia.
- Vaccination with influenza vaccine is the best way to prevent the severity of influenza.
- the influenza vaccine is prepared by inoculating the influenza virus for vaccine production into the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs, culturing and proliferating, concentrating and purifying by centrifugation from chorioallantoic fluid, treating the viral particles with a surfactant, etc., and using formalin. It is a split vaccine or subunit vaccine in which inactivated whole particle vaccine or virus particles are crushed with ether or a surfactant and then further purified.
- an influenza vaccine is produced by using an egg having an embryo as a host, it takes time, labor and cost, and there is a problem in terms of supply stability that rapid mass production cannot be performed.
- Non-patent document 1 As an alternative virus production method, a method of replicating using a cultured cell as a host of influenza virus has been studied, and it has been reported that MDCK cells are suitable cells for influenza virus replication in vitro.
- Non-patent document 1 After removing or reducing the trypsin inhibitor secreted in the culture solution of MDCK cells, the cells are inoculated with influenza virus and the influenza virus inoculated cells are cultured to increase the virus production amount. It is disclosed that this can be done.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses that avian influenza virus (A/Bratislava/79(H7N7)) is transported to the outside of the nucleus by utilizing a biological defense function (apoptosis) and efficiently increases. It has been suggested that the proliferation of viruses involves apoptosis of cultured cells.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2007/132763
- Non-Patent Document 1 Med Microbiol Immunol (1975) 162, 9-14
- the present invention relates to the following 1) to 5).
- 1) A method of propagating influenza virus in a host which comprises the step of suppressing the translocation of Bax of the host cell to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- 2) A method for preparing influenza virus particles which comprises growing the influenza virus by the method of 1) and collecting virus particles from the host.
- Influenza virus HA titers under various Bax inhibitor concentration conditions Time-dependent influenza virus HA titers under Bax inhibition conditions. Influenza virus growth promoting effect under Bax inhibition conditions. Influenza virus HA titer under low Bax inhibitor concentration conditions. Effect of promoting influenza virus growth under conditions of low concentration of Bax inhibitor. Influenza B virus HA titer under Bax inhibitor concentration conditions. Effect of influenza B virus growth promotion under Bax inhibitor concentration conditions. Effect of promoting influenza virus growth under Bax inhibition conditions (embryo eggs).
- the present invention relates to providing a method for more efficiently growing an influenza virus, which is a material for a vaccine, in a host.
- the present inventors have found that, in a host infected with influenza virus, when Bax, which is known as an apoptosis-promoting protein, is suppressed from translocating to the inner mitochondrial membrane to suppress apoptosis, unlike the previous report. It was found that the proliferation of the virus was improved and the production amount of the virus was increased.
- the influenza virus can be efficiently propagated, and the influenza virus for vaccine preparation can be mass-produced.
- influenza virus may be any of A type, B type, C type, and D type, and A type and B type can be preferably exemplified.
- type of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA: haemagglutinin) (HA type) and neuraminidase type (NA type) are not particularly limited.
- subtypes such as H1N1 strain, H2N2 strain, H3N2 strain, H4N2 strain, H4N6 strain, H5N1 strain, H5N2 strain, H7N7 strain, H7N9 strain, and H9N2 strain, they will be isolated and identified in the future. Subtypes are also included.
- the target virus may be any virus as long as it can infect humans, and may have the ability to infect pigs, birds, horses, and cows.
- influenza virus of the present invention may be a strain isolated from an infected individual such as an infected animal or a patient, or may be a recombinant virus genetically engineered in a cultured cell.
- Bax refers to an apoptosis promoting protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family. Proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family have at least one amino acid sequence called BH (Bcl-2 homology) domain. Further, since it has a highly hydrophobic TM (transmembrane) region on the C-terminal side, it can be transferred to the mitochondrial membrane and control apoptosis.
- BH Bcl-2 homology
- Bcl-2 family proteins The main function of Bcl-2 family proteins is the regulation of apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial permeability.
- the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are located on the outer wall of mitochondria and inhibit the release of cytochrome c.
- the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad, Bid, Bax and Bim are cytoplasmic and translocate to the inner mitochondrial membrane by cell death signals, where they promote cytochrome c release. It is thought that extracellular cytochrome c forms a complex with Apaf-1, activates caspase 9, and further activates caspases 3, 6, and 7 to cause apoptosis (Annu Rev Genet ( 2009) 43:95-118).
- “suppression of translocation of Bax to the inner mitochondrial membrane” refers to suppression of translocation of Bax from the cytoplasm to the inner mitochondrial membrane due to signal transduction that occurs in the cell during the process of viral infection to release.
- the suppressing means is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress the migration of Bax existing in the host cytoplasm to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- a molecule that interacts with Bax to suppress mitochondrial translocation of Bax referred to as “Bax inhibitor”
- Bax inhibitor a molecule that interacts with Bax to suppress mitochondrial translocation of Bax
- the Bax inhibitor is an influenza virus growth promoter for growing the influenza virus by culturing the host, and can be used for growing the influenza virus by culturing the host. It can also be said that the Bax inhibitor can be used for producing an influenza virus growth promoter.
- the Bax inhibitor is preferably a peptide or compound that inhibits the binding of Ku70 protein and Bax necessary for translocation of Bax to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and examples thereof include Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2004) 321:961-. 966) and Nat Cell Biol (2003) 5:352-357).
- Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys SEQ ID NO: 1
- Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu SEQ ID NO: 2
- Val-Thr-Leu-Lys SEQ ID NO: 3
- Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg SEQ ID NO: 4
- Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys SEQ ID NO: 5
- Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp sequence
- No. 6 Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 7), Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp (SEQ ID NO: 8) and the like.
- the Bax inhibitory effect of such a Bax inhibitor can be evaluated, for example, by measuring the binding inhibitory activity between Bax and Ku70 protein. In addition, it can be evaluated by inducing apoptosis in the cells under the condition that the Bax inhibitor is added and evaluating the ratio of the apoptotic cells.
- the Bax inhibitor has a concentration of 1 ⁇ M or more, preferably 5 ⁇ M or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ M or more and 1000 ⁇ M or less, with respect to a host for growing influenza virus (A type, B type, C type, D type). It is preferably used at 500 ⁇ M or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ M or less, and 1 to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ M, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ M.
- the growth of influenza virus is specifically carried out by the steps of infecting a host with influenza virus and culturing the infected host under conditions in which the virus can replicate.
- the Bax mitochondria are used.
- the step of suppressing transfer to the inner membrane is performed, for example, before virus infection, after virus infection, or simultaneously with virus infection.
- the Bax inhibitor is added to the host before, after, or simultaneously with the viral infection.
- the host used for the growth of influenza virus may be either cultured cells or embryonated chicken eggs, but it is preferable to use cultured cells from the viewpoint of supply stability.
- the cultured cells any cells can be used as long as they are susceptible to influenza virus. Examples of such cells include MDCK cells (cell lines derived from dog kidney), Vero cells (cell lines derived from African green monkey kidney), PER. Examples include C6 (human retinal cell-derived cell line), SK-NEP-1 cell (human kidney-derived cell line), A549 (human alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell), and Duck embryo cell (duck embryo cell).
- CEF cells Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells
- the CEF cells include cells present in embryonated chicken eggs in addition to the isolated cells.
- a cell line developed to efficiently grow the influenza virus can also be used for the growth of the influenza virus. Examples of such cell lines include, but are not limited to, EB66 (registered trademark), DuckCelt-T17 (registered trademark), and EBx (registered trademark).
- the medium for culturing the cell is a medium usually used for cell culture, for example, fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing MEM medium (Wako), serum-free medium (Serum-Free). Medium) (manufactured by ThermoFisher) and the like can be mentioned, but any of them may be used.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- Wako serum-free medium
- ThermoFisher manufactured by ThermoFisher
- non-essential amino acids and L-glutamine can be added to the medium.
- a protease such as trypsin or acetylated trypsin can be added for the purpose of promoting the cleavage of hemagglutinin.
- antibiotics generally used for cell culture such as penicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin may be added to avoid contamination of microorganisms.
- the pH of the medium is adjusted to 6.5 to 8, preferably 6.8 to 7.3, which is suitable for the growth of animal cells, with an appropriate buffer (eg, sodium hydrogen carbonate, HEPES).
- Cell culture methods include static culture in which cells are attached to the bottom of the incubator, and floating culture in which cells are suspended and cultured in a medium, but suspension culture is preferable when performed at an industrial production level.
- Examples of the method of suspension culture include a method of attaching cells to a carrier such as a microcarrier and suspending and culturing the cells, or a method of suspending and culturing the cells without using a carrier. You may use.
- the cell culture (mixture of cultured cells and medium) can be used as it is for inoculation of influenza virus.
- fresh medium or an appropriate buffer such as PBS or Tris buffer is used. It is preferred that the cells be washed. Specifically, cells grown in culture in a spinner flask or the like are subjected to low-speed centrifugation or membrane filtration to separate the cells and culture supernatant, and a fresh medium is added to the cells of the centrifugal sediment or membrane filtration concentrate to suspend the cells. By doing so, the medium is exchanged.
- the influenza virus solution is added to the cell culture thus obtained, and the culture is performed under constant conditions.
- the initial cell density at the start of virus culture may be 0.001 to 100 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ . 10 6 cells/mL.
- the cell density may be measured according to a general method using a hemocytometer or the like.
- the influenza virus solution added to the cell culture can be added so that the infectious titer MOI (Multiplicity of infection) is 0.00001 to 10, and preferably 0.0001 to 0.1, more preferably 0.0001. It can be added in an amount of up to 0.01.
- MOI Multiplicity of infection
- embryonated chicken eggs When embryonated chicken eggs are used as the host, they are incubated at 33°C to 38°C, preferably 35 to 37°C, and humidity conditions of 40 to 60%, preferably 45 to 55%, and incubated 1 to 24 times a day. It is possible to use a chicken egg which has been grown by preferably performing egg turning 4 to 12 times. Eggs on the 8th to 13th day of development can be infected with influenza virus, and preferably eggs on the 10th to 12th day of development can be infected. The amount of virus to infect is 1 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 EID 50 /Egg at a 50% hen egg infectious dose (50% Egg Infection Dose; EID 50 ), but preferably 1 ⁇ 10 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 5.
- EID 50 /Egg more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 4 EID 50 /Egg can be infected.
- the infection site is preferably in the chorioallantoic membrane of the egg (in the allantoic fluid), but may be in the amniotic membrane (amniotic fluid) and is not limited as long as the influenza virus grows in the egg.
- the culture condition may be any condition as long as the influenza virus can grow in the host. It is appropriately adjusted depending on the combination of cell type, virus inoculum, culture scale, method and the like.
- the culture temperature is 33°C to 39°C, preferably 34 to 38°C
- the culture period is 1 to 10 days, preferably 3 to 7 days
- the carbon dioxide concentration is 3 to 8 days. %, preferably 4 to 5%
- the oxygen concentration is 17 to 25%, preferably 20 to 22%.
- the temperature is 33°C to 38°C, preferably 34 to 36°C
- the culture period is 1 to 5 days, preferably 2 to 4 days
- the humidity condition is 40 to 60%, preferably Is cultivated under the conditions of 45 to 55%, but the conditions in which the proliferative property is maximized differ depending on the virus strain, so the culturing period, culturing temperature, humidity, etc. can be appropriately combined.
- influenza virus can be efficiently propagated.
- the virus content in the host can be determined by the hemagglutination method using erythrocytes such as guinea pig (dilution factor), the ELISA method using an antibody against hemagglutinin ( ⁇ g/mL), the plaque assay for measuring virus infectious titer, the TCID 50 , The amount of viral RNA can be measured by real-time PCR or the like.
- Influenza virus is contained in allantoic fluid (chorioallantoic fluid) or amniotic fluid when the host is embryonated chicken eggs, and in the culture supernatant when the host is cultured cells. After completion of the culture, virus particles are recovered from the virus suspension in the host, concentrated, purified and inactivated to prepare virus particles for inactivated whole grain vaccine or inactivated split vaccine. When used as a live vaccine or a live attenuated vaccine, it can be prepared as virus particles for influenza vaccine after concentration and purification.
- the virus particles are collected by clarifying the virus suspension, specifically by centrifugation or filtration, and then ultrafiltration for concentration.
- the virus can be purified by means of ultracentrifugation such as sucrose density gradient centrifugation or liquid chromatography.
- the purified virus liquid is inactivated by formalin treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, beta-propiolactone, binary ethyleneimine and the like.
- the purified virus liquid is prepared as virus particles for influenza vaccine.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier buffer, emulsifier, preservative (eg, thimerosal), tonicity agent, pH adjuster, adjuvant (eg, aluminum hydroxide gel), etc. is appropriately added. It is possible to prepare vaccines of various dosage forms.
- a method for growing an influenza virus in a host which comprises the step of suppressing the migration of Bax of the host cell to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- the step of suppressing the transfer of Bax to the inner mitochondrial membrane is a step of adding a Bax inhibitor to the cells.
- Bax inhibitors are Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1), Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu (SEQ ID NO: 2), Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 3), and Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg (SEQ ID NO:4), Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO:5), Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp (SEQ ID NO:6), Val.
- ⁇ 2> which is a peptide selected from -Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 7) and Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp (SEQ ID NO: 8).
- ⁇ 4> The method according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the host is cultured cells or embryonated chicken eggs.
- cells are MDCK cells (cell line derived from dog kidney), Vero cells (cell line derived from African green monkey kidney), PER.
- C6 human retinal cell-derived cell line
- SK-NEP-1 cell human kidney-derived cell line
- A549 human alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell
- Duck embryo cell duck embryo cell
- the method of ⁇ 4> which is a chicken embryo-derived fibroblast.
- the Bax inhibitor is used at a concentration of 1 ⁇ M or more, preferably 5 ⁇ M or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ M or more with respect to a host for growing influenza virus (A type, B type, C type, D type), and The method according to any one of ⁇ 2> to ⁇ 5>, which is used at 1000 ⁇ M or less, preferably 500 ⁇ M or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ M or less, and 1 to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ M, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ M.
- a method for preparing influenza virus particles which comprises growing the influenza virus by any of the methods ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> and collecting the virus particles from the host.
- ⁇ 8> The method according to ⁇ 7>, wherein the virus particles are used for preparing an influenza vaccine.
- Bax inhibitors are Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1), Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu (SEQ ID NO: 2), Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO:).
- Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg SEQ ID NO:4
- Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys SEQ ID NO:5
- Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp SEQ ID NO:6
- Val. -Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys SEQ ID NO: 7
- Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp SEQ ID NO: 8
- MDCK cell canine renal tubular epithelial cell-derived cell line (MDCK cell)
- MDCK cells canine renal tubular epithelial cell-derived cell line, obtained from DS Pharma Biochemical
- the cells were cultured in MEM medium (Wako) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 .
- the MDCK cells were seeded in a 24-well plate and used in the test in a confluent state. After washing the MDCK cells seeded in the 24-well plate described above with PBS, Serum free medium (SFM; manufactured by Gibco) was added at 400 ⁇ L/well and acclimated for 1 hour.
- SFM Serum free medium
- Infectious titer MOI Multiplicity of infection
- the cells were infected at 0.001 and incubated for 1 hour. After that, a washing operation with SFM was performed, and a Bax inhibitor (Bax inhibitor peptide (V5) (Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1); TOCRIS bioscience)) was added at a concentration of 0 to 200 ⁇ M.
- a Bax inhibitor Bax inhibitor peptide (V5) (Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1); TOCRIS bioscience)
- An SFM culture medium containing 0.0 ⁇ g/mL-acetylated trypsin manufactured by Sigma was added at 500 ⁇ L/well, and the mixture was cultured for 23 hours.
- the culture supernatant was collected 24 hours after the infection, and the HA titer of influenza virus was measured by the HA assay described below (Fig. 1).
- 2.0 ⁇ g/mL-acetylated trypsin-containing SFM culture medium was used for culturing influenza virus.
- HA Assay Using a U-bottom 96-well plate, 50 ⁇ L of influenza virus culture supernatant was diluted 2-fold by 2-fold to prepare a dilution series. 50 ⁇ L of PBS containing 0.7% guinea pig red blood cells was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4° C. for 2 hours. After that, the agglutination of red blood cells was confirmed, and the dilution concentration at which agglutination was not observed was defined as HA value.
- Example 2 Examination of Influenza Virus Growth-Promoting Effect at Various Time Points by Addition of Bax Inhibitor (1)
- the amount of influenza virus in the culture broth was quantified by the focus assay described below using the culture supernatant 21 or 24 hours after infection (FIG. 3).
- 1) Focus Assay MDCK cells were cultured in a 12-well plate so as to be confluent, washed with PBS, and then acclimated to SFM for 1 hour.
- the influenza virus culture supernatant collected 21 or 24 hours after infection was diluted 100 to 100000 times, added to MDCK cells cultured in the 12-well plate at 1 mL/well, and incubated for 1 hour to obtain influenza. Infected with the virus. This test was performed by triple measurement.
- the immobilized cells were the primary antibody: Anti-NP antibody (mouse hybridoma (4E6) cell culture supernatant: Journal of Virology (2008) 82:5940-5950) and secondary antibody: HRP linked goat Anti-mouse IgG+IgM antibody (Jackson Immuno). Reaction Laboratories) and reacted with HRP using DEPDA reaction, and the number of stained foci was counted. Focus assays were performed in triplicate independently, and statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test (FIGS. 3 and 5) or one-way analysis of variance (subsequent test by Tukey, FIG. 7), and a risk factor of 5 was used. % Was taken as the significance level (*; p ⁇ 0.05, **; p ⁇ 0.01, ***; p ⁇ 0.001).
- Example 3 Examination of Influenza Virus Growth-Promoting Effect under Low Concentration Conditions of Bax Inhibitors (2 Types)
- H1N1 Example 1
- Bax inhibitor peptide V5
- P5 Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu
- the culture supernatant was collected 24 hours after infection, and HA titer of influenza virus was measured by HA assay (FIG. 4).
- HA titer of influenza virus was measured by HA assay (FIG. 4).
- the addition of the Bax inhibitor increased the HA titer of H3N2, H1N1pdm, and H1N1 (experimental strain) influenza virus strains even under low concentration conditions as compared with Example 2.
- the HA titer of influenza virus was also increased in SEQ ID NO:2.
- Example 2(2) Further, the amount of influenza virus was quantified by the focus assay in the same manner as in Example 2(2) using the culture supernatant added with SEQ ID NO: 2 for 24 hours after infection (FIG. 5). As a result of this study, it was revealed that the addition of the Bax inhibitor of SEQ ID NO: 2 enhances the virus growth of H3N2, H1N1pdm, and H1N1 (experimental strain) influenza virus strains.
- Bax inhibitor Bax inhibitor peptide (V5) (Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Lys) was used.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 and (P5) Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu (SEQ ID NO: 2); TOCRIS bio
- the amount of influenza virus in the culture broth was quantified by the plaque assay described below using the culture supernatant 48 hours after infection (FIG. 7).
- Plaque assay MDCK cells were cultured in a 12-well plate so as to be confluent, washed with PBS, and then acclimated to SFM for 1 hour.
- the influenza B virus culture supernatant collected 48 hours after infection was diluted 100 to 100000 times, added to MDCK cells cultivated in the 12-well plate at 1 mL/well, and incubated for 1 hour. Infected with influenza virus. This test was performed by triple measurement. After infection, washing with SFM was performed to obtain 2.0 mL of SFM containing 0.8%-agarose (Lonza Japan Co., Ltd.
- Example 5 Examination of growth promotion effect of influenza virus in growing chicken eggs of Bax inhibitor (1) Using the growing chicken eggs on the 11th day of development, the growth of H1N1 influenza virus strain (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934) was evaluated. .. The control group was infected with H1N1 influenza virus at a 50% hen egg infectious dose (50% Egg Infection Dose; EID 50 ) of 5 ⁇ 10 2 EID 50 /chicken, and the control-10 times dose group was 5 ⁇ 10 5. 3 EID 50 /chicken egg was infected.
- EID 50 50% hen egg infectious dose
- the Bax inhibitor group (the group to which Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 7) was added) was adjusted so that the final concentration of the Bax inhibitor was 10 ⁇ M when the chorioallantoic fluid volume of the chicken egg was 5 mL.
- the above peptide was added to the virus solution for infection.
- the amount of infectious solution was 200 ⁇ L/chicken egg in each group.
- Chorioallantoic fluid was collected from the embryonated chicken eggs 48 hours after infection, and the amount of influenza virus was quantified by the focus assay as in Example 2(2) (FIG. 8). Error bars indicate standard error.
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Abstract
Description
(特許文献1)国際公開第2007/132763号
(非特許文献1)Med Microbiol Immunol (1975)162,9-14
(非特許文献2)THE EMBO Journal(2003)22,2717-2728
1)宿主においてインフルエンザウイルスを増殖する方法であって、宿主細胞のBaxのミトコンドリア内膜への移行を抑制する工程を含む、方法。
2)1)の方法によってインフルエンザウイルスを増殖させ、宿主からウイルス粒子を回収する、インフルエンザウイルス粒子の調製方法。
3)Bax阻害剤を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤。
4)インフルエンザウイルスの増殖を促進するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
5)インフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤を製造するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
また、インフルエンザウイルスのヘマグルチニン(赤血球凝集素 HA:haemagglutinin)の型(HA型)とノイラミニダーゼの型(NA型)も特に制限されない。例えば、H1N1株、H2N2株、H3N2株、H4N2株、H4N6株、H5N1株、H5N2株、H7N7株、H7N9株、H9N2株等の現在知られている亜型の他、将来単離・同定される亜型も包含される。
具体的には、Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)、Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2)、Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys(配列番号3)、及びVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg(配列番号4)が挙げられるが、この他にもVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号5)、Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号6)、Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)、及びSer-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号8)等が挙げられる。
培養細胞としては、インフルエンザウイルスに感受性であれば如何なる細胞も使用できる。このような細胞として、例えば、MDCK細胞(イヌ腎臓由来の株化細胞)、Vero細胞(アフリカミドリザル腎臓由来の株化細胞)、PER.C6(ヒト網膜細胞由来の株化細胞)、SK-NEP-1細胞(ヒト腎臓由来の株化細胞)、A549(ヒト肺胞基底上皮腺癌細胞)、Duck embryo細胞(アヒル胚細胞)が挙げられる。これらの細胞は、ATCC(American Type Culture Collection)に、それぞれCCL-34、CCL-81、CCL-107、HTB-48、CCL-185、CCL-141等として登録されており、また、市販で購入することができる。また、インフルエンザウイルスに感受性を示すニワトリ由来の細胞として、CEF細胞(Chicken embryonic fibroblast cell:ニワトリ胚由来線維芽細胞)が使用できる。なお、CEF細胞には単離された細胞以外に発育鶏卵中に存在する細胞も含まれる。この他、インフルエンザウイルスの増殖には、インフルエンザウイルスを効率的に増殖させるために開発された細胞株を用いることもできる。斯かる細胞株としては、例えばEB66(登録商標)、DuckCelt-T17(登録商標)、EBx(登録商標)等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
具体的には、スピナ-フラスコ等で培養増殖した細胞を低速遠心又は膜ろ過し、細胞と培養上清に分離し、遠心沈渣又は膜ろ過濃縮液の細胞に新鮮培地を加え、細胞を懸濁することにより培地交換が行われる。
また、宿主として発育鶏卵を用いる場合、感染後は33℃~38℃、好ましくは34~36℃、培養期間は1~5日間、好ましくは2~4日間、湿度条件は40~60%、好ましくは45~55%の条件で培養されるが、ウイルス株によって増殖性が最も高まる条件は異なるため、培養期間、培養温度、湿度等は適切に組み合わせることができる。
<1>宿主においてインフルエンザウイルスを増殖する方法であって、宿主細胞のBaxのミトコンドリア内膜への移行を抑制する工程を含む、方法。
<2>Baxのミトコンドリア内膜への移行を抑制する工程が、Bax阻害剤を前記細胞に添加する工程である、<1>の方法。
<3>Bax阻害剤が、Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)、Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2)、Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys(配列番号3)、及びVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg(配列番号4)、Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号5)、Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号6)、Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)、及びSer-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号8)から選ばれるペプチドである、<2>の方法。
<4>宿主が培養細胞又は発育鶏卵である、<1>~<3>のいずれかの方法。
<5>細胞がMDCK細胞(イヌ腎臓由来の株化細胞)、Vero細胞(アフリカミドリザル腎臓由来の株化細胞)、PER.C6(ヒト網膜細胞由来の株化細胞)、SK-NEP-1細胞(ヒト腎臓由来の株化細胞)、A549(ヒト肺胞基底上皮腺癌細胞)、Duck embryo細胞(アヒル胚細胞)、又はニワトリ胚由来線維芽細胞である、<4>の方法。
<6>Bax阻害剤を、インフルエンザウイルス(A型、B型、C型、D型)を増殖させるための宿主に対して、濃度1μM以上、好ましくは5μM以上、より好ましくは10μM以上で、且つ1000μM以下、好ましくは500μM以下、より好ましくは200μM以下、また、1~1000μM、好ましくは5~500μM、より好ましくは10~200μMで使用する、<2>~<5>のいずれかの方法。
<7><1>~<5>のいずれかの方法によってインフルエンザウイルスを増殖させ、宿主からウイルス粒子を回収する、インフルエンザウイルス粒子の調製方法。
<8>前記ウイルス粒子が、インフルエンザワクチン調製に用いられるものである、<7>の方法。
<9>Bax阻害剤を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤。
<10>インフルエンザウイルスの増殖を促進するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
<11>インフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤を製造するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
<12>Bax阻害剤が、Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)、Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2)、Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys(配列番号3)、及びVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg(配列番号4)、Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号5)、Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号6)、Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)、及びSer-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号8)から選ばれるペプチドである、<9>の剤又は<10>若しくは<11>の使用。
(1)MDCK細胞(イヌ腎臓尿細管上皮細胞由来細胞株、DSファーマバイオケミカル社より入手)を5%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)含有MEM培地(Wako社製)にて37℃、5%CO2存在下で培養した。上記MDCK細胞を24ウェルプレートに播種し、コンフルエントの状態で試験に用いた。上述の24ウェルプレートに播種したMDCK細胞をPBSで洗浄後、Serum free medium(SFM;Gibco社製)を400μL/ウェルで添加し、1時間馴化させた。
U底96ウェルプレートを用い、インフルエンザウイルス培養上清50μLを2-1024倍まで2倍ずつ、希釈系列を作製した。そこへ、0.7%モルモット赤血球含有PBS 50μLを加え、4℃で2時間静置した。その後、赤血球の凝集を確認し、凝集が認められない希釈濃度をHA価とした。
(1)実施例1と同様に、MDCK細胞をSFMで1時間馴化させた後、H3N2及びH1N1pdmインフルエンザウイルス株を感染価MOI=0.001となるように感染させ、1時間インキュベートした後、SFMによる洗浄操作を行い、Bax阻害剤(Bax inhibitor peptide(V5))を100μM濃度で添加し、20-47時間培養した。感染後21時間、24時間、48時間に培養上清を回収し、HAアッセイにより、インフルエンザウイルスのHA価を測定した(図2)。
本検討の結果、Bax阻害剤の添加は培養の早い段階から、インフルエンザウイルス株のHA価を増加させることが明らかとなった。
1)フォーカスアッセイ
12ウェルプレートにMDCK細胞をコンフルエントとなるように培養し、PBSで洗浄後、SFMに1時間馴化させた。感染後21又は24時間で回収したインフルエンザウイルス培養上清を100-100000倍に希釈し、上記12ウェルプレートにて培養しているMDCK細胞に1mL/ウェルで添加し1時間インキュベートすることで、インフルエンザウイルスを感染させた。本試験は三重測定にて行った。感染後、SFMによる洗浄操作を行い、1.2%-セオラス(旭化成ケミカルズ,RC591)及び2.0μg/mL-アセチル化トリプシン(Sigma社製)含有SFMを2.0mL/ウェルとなるように加え、30時間培養した。培養後、ウェルを4℃に冷やしたPBSで3回洗浄後、-20℃に冷やした100%メタノール(Wako社製)を加え、細胞を固定化した。固定化細胞は一次抗体:Anti-NP antibody(マウスハイブリドーマ(4E6)細胞培養上清:Journal of Virology (2008) 82:5940-5950)及び二次抗体:HRP linked goat Anti-mouse IgG+IgM抗体(Jackson Immuno Research Laboratries社製)にて反応させ、DEPDA反応を用いHRPと反応させ、染色されたフォーカス数をカウントした。フォーカスアッセイは独立した三重測定で行い、統計学的な解析はStudent’s t-test(図3及び図5)又は一元配置分散分析(Tukeyによるその後の検定、図7)を用い、危険率5%を有意水準(*;p<0.05、**;p<0.01、***;p<0.001)とした。
(1)実施例1と同様に、MDCK細胞をSFMで1時間馴化させた後、H3N2及びH1N1pdm、H1N1(実験株)インフルエンザウイルス株を感染価Moi=0.001となるように感染させ、1時間インキュベートした後、SFMによる洗浄操作を行い、Bax阻害剤(Bax inhibitor peptide(V5)(Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)及び(P5)(Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2);TOCRIS bioscience社製))を1.0 μM濃度で添加し、23時間培養した。感染後24時間に培養上清を回収し、HAアッセイにより、インフルエンザウイルスのHA価を測定した(図4)。
本検討の結果、Bax阻害剤の添加は実施例2と比較して低濃度条件においてもH3N2及びH1N1pdm、H1N1(実験株)インフルエンザウイルス株のHA価を増加させることが明らかとなった。加えて、配列番号2においてもインフルエンザウイルスのHA価の増加が認められた。
本検討の結果、配列番号2のBax阻害剤を添加することで、H3N2及びH1N1pdm、H1N1(実験株)インフルエンザウイルス株のウイルス増殖性が亢進することが明らかとなった。
(1)実施例3と同様に、使用するウイルス株をB型インフルエンザウイルス株(B/Lee/1940)に変更しウイルスの増殖性を評価した。Moi=0.01となるようにB型インフルエンザウイルスを感染させ、1時間インキュベートした後、SFMによる洗浄操作を行い、Bax阻害剤(Bax inhibitor peptide(V5)(Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)及び(P5)(Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2);TOCRIS bioscience社製))を0~100μM濃度で添加し、47時間培養した。感染後48時間に培養上清を回収し、HAアッセイにより、インフルエンザウイルスのHA価を測定した(図6)。
本検討の結果、Bax阻害剤の添加はB型インフルエンザウイルス株のHA価を増加させることが明らかとなった。
1)プラークアッセイ
12ウェルプレートにMDCK細胞をコンフルエントとなるように培養し、PBSで洗浄後、SFMに1時間馴化させた。感染後48時間で回収したB型インフルエンザウイルス培養上清を100-100000倍に希釈し、上記12ウェルプレートにて培養しているMDCK細胞に1mL/ウェルで添加し1時間インキュベートすることで、B型インフルエンザウイルスを感染させた。本試験は三重測定にて行った。感染後、SFMによる洗浄操作を行い、0.8%-アガロース(ロンザジャパン株式会社 SeaKem(登録商標)Gold Agalose)及び2.0μg/mL-アセチル化トリプシン(Sigma社製)含有SFMを2.0mL/ウェルとなるように加え、47時間培養した。培養後、エタノール:酢酸=5:1で混合した溶液を各ウェルに1mL添加し、4℃で一晩以上静置することで細胞を固定化した。固定化細胞を1%(w/v)濃度のクリスタルバイオレッド溶液で染色し、PBSで洗浄後に、ウイルス感染に伴い細胞が脱落している部分(プラーク)の数をカウントした。
(1)発生11日目の発育鶏卵を用いH1N1インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Puerto Rico/8/1934)の増殖性を評価した。対照群にはH1N1インフルエンザウイルスを50%鶏卵感染用量(50%Egg Infection Dose; EID50)が5×102 EID50/鶏卵となるように感染させ、対照-10倍量群には5×103EID50/鶏卵となるように感染させた。Bax阻害剤群(Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)を添加する群)には鶏卵の漿尿液量を5mLとしたときにBax阻害剤の終濃度が10μMとなるように上記ペプチドをウイルス溶液に添加し感染操作を行った。感染液量はいずれの群も200μL/鶏卵とした。感染後48時間に発育鶏卵より漿尿液を回収し、実施例2(2)と同様にインフルエンザウイルス量をフォーカスアッセイにより定量した(図8)。エラーバーは標準誤差を示した。
Claims (10)
- 宿主においてインフルエンザウイルスを増殖する方法であって、宿主細胞のBaxのミトコンドリア内膜への移行を抑制する工程を含む、方法。
- Baxのミトコンドリア内膜への移行を抑制する工程が、Bax阻害剤を前記宿主に添加する工程である、請求項1記載の方法。
- Bax阻害剤がVal-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)、Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2)、Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys(配列番号3)、及びVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg(配列番号4)、Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号5)、Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号6)、Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)、及びSer-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号8)から選ばれるペプチドである、請求項2記載の方法。
- 宿主が培養細胞又は発育鶏卵である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の方法によってインフルエンザウイルスを増殖させ、宿主からウイルス粒子を回収する、インフルエンザウイルス粒子の調製方法。
- 前記ウイルス粒子がインフルエンザワクチン調製に用いられるものである、請求項5記載の方法。
- Bax阻害剤を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤。
- インフルエンザウイルス増殖促進剤を製造するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
- インフルエンザウイルスを増殖促進するための、Bax阻害剤の使用。
- Bax阻害剤がVal-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys(配列番号1)、Pro-Met-Leu-Lys-Glu(配列番号2)、Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Lys(配列番号3)、及びVal-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg(配列番号4)、Val-Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号5)、Pro-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号6)、Val-Ser-Ala-Leu-Lys(配列番号7)、及びSer-Ala-Leu-Lys-Asp(配列番号8)から選ばれるペプチドである、請求項7記載の剤又は請求項8若しくは9の使用。
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