WO2020156370A1 - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020156370A1
WO2020156370A1 PCT/CN2020/073426 CN2020073426W WO2020156370A1 WO 2020156370 A1 WO2020156370 A1 WO 2020156370A1 CN 2020073426 W CN2020073426 W CN 2020073426W WO 2020156370 A1 WO2020156370 A1 WO 2020156370A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
heat sink
heat
battery pack
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/073426
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李义
陈小明
Original Assignee
东莞新能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP20709464.0A priority Critical patent/EP3937294A4/en
Publication of WO2020156370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020156370A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and specifically to a battery pack.
  • the temperature of the cells in different positions is different. This is because the cells in the edge position will accumulate heat on the cells in the middle position. The cells in the middle position are compared with the cells in the edge position. The heat transfer path is longer and the heat dissipation boundary conditions are also worse.
  • the liquid cooling heat dissipation the liquid flow control or pipeline layout design at different parts can be used to avoid this phenomenon of heat accumulation.
  • the conditions for natural heat dissipation are limited by the unity of heat dissipation means, and no effective method has been proposed for the problem of uniform temperature of the battery pack.
  • Another way to solve the problem of the large temperature difference between the cells in different positions is to use heat preservation measures to deteriorate the heat dissipation conditions of the cells at the edge, but this method will increase the overall temperature of the battery pack, although it improves it to a certain extent Temperature uniformity, but at the same time brings the problem of large temperature rise of the battery pack, which will also lose the life of the battery pack.
  • the present application proposes a battery pack that can achieve temperature uniformity while keeping the overall temperature low.
  • a battery pack including a first battery and a second battery arranged in a stack; in the direction in which the first battery and the second battery are stacked, the second battery is closer to the battery pack relative to the first battery.
  • the center where the first battery includes a first thermally conductive component and a first battery cell, and the second battery includes a second thermally conductive component and a second battery core, and the thermal conductivity of the second thermally conductive component is not lower than that of the first thermally conductive component.
  • the first heat conducting component includes a first heat sink
  • the second heat conducting component includes a second heat sink
  • the first battery includes a plurality of first heat sinks and a plurality of first cells, each At least one surface of each first battery cell is provided with a first heat sink
  • the second battery includes a plurality of second heat sinks and a plurality of second battery cells, and at least one surface of each second battery cell is provided with a first heat sink; Two heat sink.
  • the second battery further includes a thermally conductive sheet, and the thermally conductive sheet is arranged between two adjacent second battery cells.
  • the thermally conductive sheet is any one of a metal plate, a solid phase change sheet, and a thermally conductive gasket.
  • the thermal conductive sheet contacts the first surface of the second battery core, and the contact area between the thermal conductive sheet and the second battery core is greater than or equal to 90% of the area of the first surface.
  • the thermal conductive sheet and the second heat sink are respectively located on opposite sides of the second battery core.
  • the difference between the thermal conductivity of the second thermal conductive component and the thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive component is not less than 90% of the thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive component.
  • the first heat-conducting component includes a first heat sink located on the surface of the first battery
  • the second heat-conducting component includes a second heat sink located on the surface of the second battery
  • the second heat sink has better thermal conductivity than The thermal conductivity of the first heat sink
  • the material of the second heat sink is the same as that of the first heat sink, and the thickness of the second heat sink is greater than the thickness of the first heat sink.
  • the battery pack further includes a buffer sheet located between the adjacent first battery and the second battery or between two adjacent first batteries.
  • the above-mentioned technical solution of the present application reduces the temperature of the battery cell at the center where heat accumulation exists by performing a differential heat dissipation design on the second battery near the center of the battery pack and the first battery far away from the center, so that it can maintain the battery pack When the overall temperature is low, the temperature between the cells in the battery pack is even.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a plurality of second batteries of the battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of two adjacent second batteries of the battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second heat sink of the battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the first battery of the battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat sink of a battery pack according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic structural diagram of a second heat sink of a battery pack according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery pack according to the embodiment of the present application includes a first battery and a second battery, and the first battery and the second battery are stacked. In the direction in which the first battery and the second battery are stacked, the second battery is closer to the center of the battery pack than the first battery.
  • the first battery includes a first heat-conducting component and a first battery cell
  • the second battery includes a second heat-conducting component and a second battery cell
  • the second heat-conducting component of the second battery has a thermal conductivity not lower than that of the first battery The heat conduction efficiency.
  • the above-mentioned technical solution of the present application reduces the temperature of the battery cell at the center where heat accumulation exists by performing a differential heat dissipation design on the second battery near the center of the battery pack and the first battery far away from the center, so that it can maintain the battery pack When the overall temperature is low, the temperature between the cells in the battery pack is even.
  • the battery pack 100 includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 20, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are stacked. In the direction in which the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are stacked, the second battery 20 is closer to the center of the battery pack 100 than the first battery 10 is.
  • the first battery 10 includes a first heat conducting component 12 and a first battery core 14, and the second battery 20 includes a second heat conducting component 22 and a second battery core 24.
  • the first heat conducting component 12 includes a first heat sink 122, and the second heat conducting component 22 includes a second heat sink 222.
  • the first battery 10 includes a plurality of first heat sinks 122 and a plurality of first battery cells 14, and at least one surface of each first battery cell 14 is provided with a first heat sink 122.
  • the second battery 20 includes a plurality of second heat sinks 222 and a plurality of second battery cells 24, and at least one surface of each second battery cell 24 is provided with a second heat sink 222.
  • the structure and size of the first heat sink 122 and the second heat sink 222 may be the same.
  • the number of the first battery 10 may be plural, and the number of the second battery 20 may be plural. It should be understood that the number of the first battery core 14 and the second battery core 24 shown in FIG. 1 is only exemplary, and the first battery core 14 and the second battery core 24 may be other suitable numbers.
  • the numbers of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 may also be other suitable numbers. In one embodiment, the number of first batteries 10 and the number of second batteries 20 may be different. In another embodiment, the number of first batteries 10 and the number of second batteries 20 may be the same.
  • the first battery core 14 and the second battery core 24 may be soft-packed battery cells or square shell battery cells, which are not limited in this application.
  • the heat conduction efficiency of the second heat conduction component 22 of the second battery 20 is not lower than the heat conduction efficiency of the first heat conduction component 12 of the first battery 10.
  • the difference between the thermal conductivity of the second thermal conductive component 22 and the thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive component 12 is not less than 90% of the thermal conductivity of the first thermal conductive component 12.
  • the heat conduction efficiency of the first heat conduction component and the second heat conduction component can be tested according to simulation data or test data, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the second cell near the center of the battery pack is the same as that of the first cell far away from the center.
  • the heat dissipation efficiency is the same.
  • the heat dissipation efficiency ⁇ can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the heat dissipation efficiency can be expressed as the ratio of the temperature rise of the heat source to the heat generation power of the heat source.
  • ⁇ T represents the temperature rise of the heat source relative to the ambient temperature, in °C
  • q represents the heat generation power of the heat source, in W, which is used to characterize how much heat the heat source generates per unit time.
  • the battery pack 100 further includes a buffer sheet 30 located between the first battery 10 and the second battery 20.
  • the buffer sheet 30 may also be located between the plurality of first batteries 10.
  • the cushion sheet 30 can be made of materials with cushioning effects such as foam.
  • a thermal conductive sheet 40 is also provided between two adjacent second battery cores 24.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 may be a metal plate.
  • the metal plate may be an aluminum plate.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 may be a solid phase change sheet.
  • a solid phase change flake is a phase change material that is in a solid form when a phase change occurs, and the original form is a flake.
  • the thermally conductive sheet 40 may be a thermally conductive pad.
  • the thermally conductive gasket may be a thermally conductive gasket containing silica gel.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 By arranging the thermal conductive sheet 40 between the second battery cells 24, the heat dissipation efficiency of the second battery cell 24 close to the center of the battery pack can be enhanced, thereby reducing the temperature of the second battery cell 24 where there is heat accumulation, so that it can maintain the battery pack When the overall temperature is low, the temperature between the cells in the battery pack is even.
  • the thickness of the thermal conductive sheet can be based on simulation or test data, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the second cell 24 near the center of the battery pack is approximately the same as the heat dissipation efficiency of the first cell 14 in the edge area.
  • the buffer sheet 30 may also be located between two adjacent second batteries 20. It should be understood that the arrangement of the thermally conductive sheet 40 between the plurality of second batteries 20 can be arbitrarily configured, and the arrangement of the buffer sheet 30 between the plurality of first batteries and the plurality of second batteries can also be arbitrarily configured. Appropriate configuration is not limited in this application.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 and the second heat sink 222 are respectively located on opposite sides of the second battery core 24.
  • the second heat sink 222 may be adhered to the surface 26 of the second cell 24.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 contacts the first surface 28 of the second cell 24, and the contact area between the thermal conductive sheet 40 and the second cell 24 may be greater than or equal to 90% of the area of the first surface 28 to ensure sufficient heat dissipation area of the thermal conductive sheet.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 40 and the second electric core 24 can be bonded and fixed by thermal conductive glue. That is, the second heat sink 222 may be bonded to the surface 26 of the second battery core 24 by a thermally conductive adhesive.
  • Thermally conductive glue can include thermally conductive silica gel, one-component thermally conductive mud and two-component thermally conductive gel, etc. It can be made of silicone rubber materials and filled with highly thermally conductive metal oxides or other high thermally conductive particles to simultaneously Obtain the elasticity of silicone rubber and the thermal conductivity of the filler particles.
  • the thickness configuration of the thermal conductive adhesive can be appropriately configured to obtain sufficient bonding strength while minimizing the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive adhesive. In one embodiment, the thickness of the thermal conductive adhesive is greater than 20 ⁇ m and less than 60 ⁇ m, for example, 40 ⁇ m.
  • the second heat sink 222 is configured in a U shape, so that the second heat sink 222 can be located on three surfaces of the second cell 24.
  • the structure of the second heat sink 222 can be designed so that the second heat sink 222 can be located on at least two surfaces of the second cell 24, for example, located on two or three surfaces of the second cell 24. In this way, a sufficient heat dissipation area of the second heat sink 222 can be ensured.
  • the first heat sink 122 is adhered to the surface 16 of the first cell 14.
  • the first heat sink 122 may be bonded to the surface 16 of the first battery core 14 by a thermally conductive adhesive. Similar to the second heat sink 222, in one embodiment, the first heat sink 122 may have a structure as shown in FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the first heat sink 122 may be located on at least two surfaces of the first cell 14.
  • the battery pack 200 includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 20, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are stacked. In the direction in which the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are stacked, the second battery 20 is closer to the center of the battery pack 200 than the first battery 10 is.
  • the first battery 10 includes a first heat conducting component 12 and a first battery core 14, and the second battery 20 includes a second heat conducting component 22 and a second battery core 24.
  • the first heat conducting component 12 includes a first heat sink 122, and the second heat conducting component 22 includes a second heat sink 222.
  • the first battery 10 includes a plurality of first heat sinks 122 and a plurality of first battery cells 14, and at least one surface of each first battery cell 14 is provided with a first heat sink 122.
  • the second battery 20 includes a plurality of second heat sinks 222 and a plurality of second battery cells 24, and at least one surface of each second battery cell 24 is provided with a second heat sink 222.
  • the battery pack 200 further includes a buffer sheet 30, and the buffer sheet 30 may be located between the first battery 10 and the second battery 20. The buffer sheet 30 may also be located between two adjacent second batteries 20.
  • the heat conduction efficiency of the second heat sink 222 is better than that of the first heat sink 122.
  • Various methods can be implemented to make the second heat sink 222 have a better thermal conductivity than the first heat sink 122. In this way, the heat dissipation effect of the second battery cell 24 close to the center of the battery pack can be enhanced, thereby reducing the temperature of the second battery cell where there is heat accumulation. Therefore, while keeping the overall temperature of the battery pack low, each battery in the battery pack is realized. The temperature between the cores is uniform.
  • the second heat sink 222 can be made of the same material as the first heat sink 122, the second heat sink 222 has a thickness H2, the first heat sink 122 has a thickness H1, and the second heat sink 222 has a thickness H2 is greater than the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122.
  • the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122 may be 0.2 mm-0.5 mm, and the thickness H2 of the second heat sink 222 may be 0.4 mm-1.0 mm. In one embodiment, the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122 is 0.2 mm, and the thickness H2 of the second heat sink 222 is 0.5 mm.
  • the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122 is 0.4 mm
  • the thickness H2 of the second heat sink 222 is 0.8 mm.
  • the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122 and the thickness H2 of the second heat sink 222 may be other suitable designs based on the temperature rise simulation data and test data. By differentially designing the thickness of the first heat sink 122 and the second heat sink 222, the thickness H2 of the second heat sink 222 is greater than the thickness H1 of the first heat sink 122, thereby enhancing the second electrical power near the center of the battery pack. The heat dissipation effect of the core further realizes the uniform temperature among the cells in the battery pack.
  • battery pack 200 of the second embodiment may be similar to the battery pack 100 of the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • An adapter plate 50 is provided on the top of the plurality of first batteries 10 and the second batteries 20 of the battery pack 300.
  • a buffer layer 60 is provided between the adapter plate 50 and the plurality of first and second batteries 10 and 20.
  • the buffer layer 60 may be a material such as foam.
  • the buffer layer 60 supports the adapter plate 50 and is Insulate between multiple batteries.
  • the battery pack 300 may further include a housing connected to the first heat sink 122 and the second heat sink 222, and the housing may be a metal housing. Screws can be used to apply pressure between the casing and the plurality of first batteries 10 and the second batteries 20, so that the first heat sink 122 can be in close contact with the inner surface of the casing.
  • a thermally conductive material may be filled between the first heat sink 122 and the second heat sink 222 and the housing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池组（100），包括堆叠设置的第一电池（10）和第二电池（20）；在第一电池（10）和第二电池（20）堆叠的方向上，第二电池（20）比第一电池（10）距离电池组（100）的中心更近；其中，第一电池（10）包括第一导热部件（12）和第一电芯（14），第二电池（20）包括第二导热部件（22）和第二电芯（24），第二导热部件（22）的导热效率不低于第一导热部件（12）的导热效率。该电池组（100）能够在保持电池组（100）整体温度较低的条件下，实现温度的均匀性。

Description

电池组 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体来说，涉及一种电池组。
背景技术
多串并的电池组中，不同位置的电芯温度存在差异，这是由于边缘位置的电芯会对中间位置的电芯产生热量累积，中间位置的电芯相比于边缘位置的电芯的传热路径更长，散热边界条件也更恶劣。在液冷散热中，可以通过不同部位的液体流量控制或管路排布设计，来避免这种热量累积的现象。但对于自然散热的条件，受限于散热手段的单一性，目前还没有提出针对电池组均温问题的有效方法。
目前通常的做法是对电池组中的所有电芯表面统一粘贴散热铝片，以将热量传到外壳上进行散热。但这种方法存在的问题是，电池组中间位置的电芯同样会存在热量累积的现象，因此并不能完全解决不同位置的电芯温差大的问题。对于具有并排排布10个以上电芯的电池组来说，在高倍率下放电时，电芯之间的温差很容易会超过5℃，严重影响了电池组的寿命。
解决不同位置的电芯温差较大问题的另外一种方法是，通保温措施恶化边缘位置的电芯的散热条件，但这种方法会使得电池组的整体温度升高，虽然一定程度上改善了温度均匀性，但同时带来了电池组温升大的问题，这同样会对损失电池组的寿命。
发明内容
针对相关技术中的上述问题，本申请提出一种电池组，可以在保持整体温度较低的条件下，实现温度的均匀性。
本申请的技术方案是这样实现的：
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种电池组，包括堆叠设置的第一电池 和第二电池；在第一电池和第二电池堆叠的方向上，第二电池相对第一电池靠近电池组的中心；其中，第一电池包括第一导热部件和第一电芯，第二电池包括第二导热部件和第二电芯，第二导热部件的导热效率不低于第一导热部件的导热效率。
根据本申请的实施例，所述第一导热部件包括第一散热片，所述第二导热部件包括第二散热片，第一电池包括多个第一散热片和多个第一电芯，每个第一电芯的至少一个表面设置第一散热片；和/或，第二电池包括多个第二散热片和多个第二电芯，每个第二电芯的至少一个表面设置有第二散热片。
根据本申请的实施例，第二电池还包括导热片，相邻的两个第二电芯之间设置导热片。
根据本申请的实施例，导热片为金属板、固态相变片、导热垫片之中的任意一种。
根据本申请的实施例，导热片接触第二电芯的第一表面，导热片与第二电芯的接触面积大于等于第一表面的面积的90％。
根据本申请的实施例，导热片与第二散热片分别位于第二电芯的相对的两侧。
根据本申请的实施例，第二导热部件的导热效率与第一导热部件的导热效率之差不小于第一导热部件的导热效率的90％。
根据本申请的实施例，第一导热部件包括位于第一电池的表面的第一散热片，第二导热部件包括位于第二电池的表面的第二散热片，第二散热片的导热效率优于第一散热片的导热效率。
根据本申请的实施例，第二散热片与第一散热片的材质相同，第二散热片的厚度大于第一散热片的厚度。
根据本申请的实施例，电池组还包含缓冲片，缓冲片位于相邻的第一电池与第二电池之间或相邻的两个第一电池之间。
本申请的上述技术方案，通过对靠近电池组的中心的第二电池和远离中心的第一电池进行散热差异化设计，来降低存在热量累积的中心处的电芯温度，因此能够在保持电池组整体温度较低的情形下，实现了电池组内各 个电芯之间的温度均匀。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的分解图；
图2是根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的多个第二电池的局部放大结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的两个相邻的第二电池的局部放大结构示意图；
图4是根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的第二散热片的结构示意图；
图5是根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的第一电池的局部放大结构示意图；
图6是根据本申请第二实施例的电池组的分解图；
图7A是根据本申请第二实施例的电池组的第一散热片的结构示意图；
图7B是根据本申请第二实施例的电池组的第二散热片的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的电池组的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。应当理解的是，以下说明书中和附图中相应的示例性实施例可以相互组合，从而形成未在以下进行描述的其他实施方式；并且其中部分部件在不同实施例中可以省略。换句话说，以下描述对本申请并不构成限定。
根据本申请实施例的电池组包括第一电池和第二电池，第一电池和第二电池堆叠设置。在第一电池和第二电池堆叠的方向上，第二电池比第一电池距离电池组的中心更近。第一电池包括第一导热部件和第一电芯，第二 电池包括第二导热部件和第二电芯，第二电池的第二导热部件的导热效率不低于第一电池的第一导热部件的导热效率。本申请的上述技术方案，通过对靠近电池组的中心的第二电池和远离中心的第一电池进行散热差异化设计，来降低存在热量累积的中心处的电芯温度，因此能够在保持电池组整体温度较低的情形下，实现了电池组内各个电芯之间的温度均匀。
参考图1，示出了根据本申请第一实施例的电池组的分解图。电池组100包括第一电池10和第二电池20，第一电池10和第二电池20堆叠设置。在第一电池10和第二电池20堆叠的方向上，第二电池20比第一电池10距离电池组100的中心更近。第一电池10包括第一导热部件12和第一电芯14，第二电池20包括第二导热部件22和第二电芯24。所述第一导热部件12包括第一散热片122，所述第二导热部件22包括第二散热片222。更具体的，第一电池10包括多个第一散热片122和多个第一电芯14，每个第一电芯14的至少一个表面设置有第一散热片122。第二电池20包括多个第二散热片222和多个第二电芯24，每个第二电芯24的至少一个表面设置有第二散热片222。第一散热片122与第二散热片222的结构和尺寸可以是相同的。第一电池10的数量可以是多个，第二电池20的数量可以是多个。应当理解，图1所示的第一电芯14和第二电芯24的数量仅是示例性的，第一电芯14和第二电芯24可以是其它适当的数量。图1所示的第一电池10和第二电池20的数量仅是示例性的，第一电池10和第二电池20也可以是其它适当的数量。在一个实施例中，第一电池10的数量与第二电池20的数量可以不同。在另一个实施例中，第一电池10的数量与第二电池20的数量可以相同。其中，第一电芯14和第二电芯24可以是软包电芯或者方壳电芯，本申请对此不进行限定。
在一个实施例中，第二电池20的第二导热部件22的导热效率不低于第一电池10的第一导热部件12的导热效率。第二导热部件22的导热效率与第一导热部件12的导热效率之差不小于第一导热部件12的导热效率的90％。
需要说明的是，可以根据仿真数据或测试数据来测试第一导热部件和第二导热部件的导热效率，以使得靠近电池组的中心的第二电芯的散热效 率与远离中心的第一电芯的散热效率相同。具体的，可通过以下公式来计算散热效率η：
η＝ΔT/q；
即，散热效率可表示为热源的温升与热源产热功率的比值。其中，ΔT表示热源相对于环境温度的温升，单位为℃；q表示热源的产热功率，单位为W，用于表征热源单位时间产生热量的多少。在测试第一电芯14与第二电芯24的散热效率时，假设第一电芯14和第二电芯24的一致性良好，即第一电芯14和第二电芯24的产热功率相同，比较第一电芯14和第二电芯24的散热效率也就是比较第一电芯14和第二电芯24的温升值。当第一电芯14和第二电芯24在各自的散热条件下温升相同时，即可认为两处的散热效率相同。
继续参考图1，电池组100还包括缓冲片30，缓冲片30位于第一电池10与第二电池20之间。在一个实施例中，缓冲片30还可以位于多个第一电池10之间。缓冲片30可以采用例如泡棉等具有缓冲作用的材料。通过设置缓冲片30，可以为第一电池和第二电池预留膨胀空间，同时可以缓解靠近电池组中心的第二电芯热量集中的问题。
进一步的，结合图2所示，相邻的两个第二电芯24之间还设置有导热片40。在一个实施例中，导热片40可以是金属板。可选的，金属板可以为铝板。在一个实施例中，导热片40可以是固态相变片。固态相变片是一种在发生相变时为固态形态、且原始形态为片状的相变材料。在一个实施例中，导热片40可以是导热垫片。可选的，导热垫片可以是含有硅胶的导热垫片。通过在第二电芯24之间设置导热片40，可以增强靠近电池组中心的第二电芯24的散热效率，从而降低存在热量累积的第二电芯24的温度，因此能够在保持电池组整体温度较低的情形下，实现了电池组内各个电芯之间的温度均匀。导热片的厚度可根据仿真或测试数据，以使得靠近电池组中心的第二电芯24的散热效率与边缘区域内第一电芯14的散热效率大约相同。
另外，缓冲片30还可以位于相邻的两个第二电池20之间。应当理解，可以对导热片40在多个第二电池20之间的布置方式进行任意适当的配置， 也可以对缓冲片30在多个第一电池和多个第二电池间的布置方式进行任意适当的配置，本申请对此并不构成限定。
参考图3所示，导热片40与第二散热片222分别位于第二电芯24的相对的两侧。第二散热片222可以粘接于第二电芯24的表面26。导热片40接触第二电芯24的第一表面28，导热片40与第二电芯24的接触面积可以大于等于第一表面28的面积的90％，以保证导热片足够的散热面积。
导热片40与第二电芯24之间可以通过导热胶粘接固定。即，第二散热片222可以通过导热胶粘接于第二电芯24的表面26。导热胶可包括导热硅胶、单组份导热泥和双组份导热凝胶等，其可以采用硅橡胶类材料，并在硅橡胶内填充高导热的金属氧化物或其他高导热颗粒，以能够同时获得硅橡胶的弹性及填充颗粒的导热性能。可以对导热胶的厚度配置进行适当的配置，以在尽量减小导热胶传导热阻的同时获得足够的粘接强度。在一个实施例中，导热胶的厚度大于20μm小于60μm，例如40μm。
结合图4所示，第二散热片222构造成U型，以使得第二散热片222可位于第二电芯24的三个表面。可以对第二散热片222的结构进行设计，以使得第二散热片222可位于第二电芯24的至少两个表面，例如位于第二电芯24的两个、三个表面。这样，可以保证第二散热片222足够的散热面积。
如图5所示，第一散热片122粘接于第一电芯14的表面16。第一散热片122可以通过导热胶粘接于第一电芯14的表面16。与第二散热片222类似的，在一个实施例中，第一散热片122可具有如图4所示的结构。在一些实施例中，第一散热片122可位于第一电芯14的至少两个表面。
参考图6，示出了根据本申请第二实施例的电池组的分解图。该电池组200包括第一电池10和第二电池20，第一电池10和第二电池20堆叠设置。在第一电池10和第二电池20堆叠的方向上，第二电池20比第一电池10距离电池组200的中心更近。第一电池10包括第一导热部件12和第一电芯14，第二电池20包括第二导热部件22和第二电芯24。所述第一导热部件12包括第一散热片122，所述第二导热部件22包括第二散热片222。第一电池10包括多个第一散热片122和多个第一电芯14，每个第一电芯14 的至少一个表面设置第一散热片122。第二电池20包括多个第二散热片222和多个第二电芯24，每个第二电芯24的至少一个表面设置有第二散热片222。电池组200还包括缓冲片30，缓冲片30可以位于第一电池10与第二电池20之间。缓冲片30还可以位于相邻的两个第二电池20之间。
其中，第二散热片222的导热效率优于第一散热片122的导热效率。可以通过多种可实施的方法来使得第二散热片222具有优于第一散热片122的导热效率。这样，可以增强靠近电池组中心的第二电芯24的散热效果，从而降低存在热量累积的第二电芯温度，因此在保持电池组整体温度较低的情形下，实现了电池组内各个电芯之间的温度均匀。
结合图7A、图7B所示，第二散热片222可与第一散热片122的材质相同，第二散热片222具有厚度H2，第一散热片122具有厚度H1，第二散热片222的厚度H2大于第一散热片122的厚度H1。第一散热片122的厚度H1可以为0.2mm-0.5mm，第二散热片222的厚度H2可以为0.4mm-1.0mm。在一个实施例中，第一散热片122的厚度H1为0.2mm，第二散热片222的厚度H2为0.5mm。在另一个实施例中，第一散热片122的厚度H1为0.4mm，第二散热片222的厚度H2为0.8mm。可以根据温升仿真数据和测试数据，可以对第一散热片122的厚度H1和第二散热片222的厚度H2进行其它适当的设计。通过对第一散热片122和第二散热片222的厚度进行差异化设计，使得第二散热片222的厚度H2大于第一散热片122的厚度H1，从而增强了靠近电池组中心的第二电芯的散热效果，进而实现了电池组内各个电芯之间的温度均匀。
第二实施例的电池组200的其它方面可以与第一实施例的电池组100类似，此处不再赘述。
参考图8，示出了根据本申请实施例的电池组的结构示意图。电池组300的多个第一电池10和第二电池20的顶部设置有转接板50。转接板50与多个第一电池10和第二电池20之间设置有缓冲层60，缓冲层60可以是例如泡棉等的材料，缓冲层60对转接板50起到支撑作用并在多个电池之间起到绝缘作用。
另外，电池组300还可以包括与第一散热片122和第二散热片222相连的 外壳，外壳可以为金属外壳。外壳与多个第一电池10和第二电池20之间可通过螺钉来施加压力，使第一散热片122可与外壳内表面紧密接触。在一个实施例中，第一散热片122和第二散热片222与外壳之间可以填充有导热材料。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池组，其特征在于，包括堆叠设置的第一电池和第二电池；在所述第一电池和所述第二电池堆叠的方向上，所述第二电池相对所述第一电池靠近所述电池组的中心；
    其中，所述第一电池包括第一导热部件和第一电芯，所述第二电池包括第二导热部件和第二电芯，所述第二导热部件的导热效率不低于所述第一导热部件的导热效率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第一导热部件包括第一散热片，所述第二导热部件包括第二散热片，所述第一电池包括多个所述第一散热片和多个所述第一电芯，每个所述第一电芯的至少一个表面设置所述第一散热片；和/或
    所述第二电池包括多个所述第二散热片和多个所述第二电芯，每个所述第二电芯的至少一个表面设置有所述第二散热片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第二电池还包括导热片，相邻的两个所述第二电芯之间设置所述导热片。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导热片为金属板、固态相变片、导热垫片之中的任意一种。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导热片接触所述第二电芯的第一表面，所述导热片与所述第二电芯的接触面积大于等于所述第一表面的面积的90％。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导热片与所述第二散热片分别位于所述第二电芯的相对的两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第二导热部件的导热效率与所述第一导热部件的导热效率之差不小于所述第一导热部件的导热效率的90％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第一导热部件包括位于所述第一电池的表面的第一散热片，所述第二导热部件包括位于所述第二电池的表面的第二散热片，所述第二散热片的导热效率优于所述第 一散热片的导热效率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第二散热片与所述第一散热片的材质相同，所述第二散热片的厚度大于所述第一散热片的厚度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，还包括缓冲片，所述缓冲片位于相邻的所述第一电池与所述第二电池之间或相邻的两个所述第一电池之间。
PCT/CN2020/073426 2019-01-31 2020-01-21 电池组 WO2020156370A1 (zh)

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