WO2020155018A1 - 功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统 - Google Patents

功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155018A1
WO2020155018A1 PCT/CN2019/074187 CN2019074187W WO2020155018A1 WO 2020155018 A1 WO2020155018 A1 WO 2020155018A1 CN 2019074187 W CN2019074187 W CN 2019074187W WO 2020155018 A1 WO2020155018 A1 WO 2020155018A1
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Prior art keywords
current
conversion circuit
output voltage
command value
battery output
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PCT/CN2019/074187
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张洁
朱鲁明
孙晓文
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潍柴动力股份有限公司
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Application filed by 潍柴动力股份有限公司 filed Critical 潍柴动力股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/074187 priority Critical patent/WO2020155018A1/zh
Priority to CN201980081102.1A priority patent/CN113169358B/zh
Priority to EP19913418.0A priority patent/EP3920290A4/en
Publication of WO2020155018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155018A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04567—Voltage of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04597—Current of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to a power control method and a fuel cell control system.
  • the ratio of the output voltage drop is different in different load current intervals.
  • the ratio of the output voltage drop is quite different, so the output power of the power generation system is also lower.
  • the existing power generation system has problems such as low practicability, low real-time controllability, and low stability.
  • This application provides a power control method and a fuel cell control system to solve the problems of low practicality, low real-time controllability, and low stability of the existing power generation system.
  • the first aspect of the application discloses a power control method, which is suitable for a fuel cell control system.
  • the fuel cell control system includes a controller, a DC-DC conversion circuit connected to the controller, and the DC-DC conversion
  • a real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit connected to a circuit and a controller, the input side of the DC-DC conversion circuit is connected to the fuel cell, the controller includes a dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit, and the method includes:
  • the controller collects battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit of the fuel cell in real time;
  • the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, and the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit Calculating with the output current to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit, wherein the calculation command value is determined based on the battery output current and the battery output power;
  • the real-time pulse-width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain battery output power within a preset power range, and the preset power
  • the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, and the DC-DC conversion circuit Calculate the output voltage and output current to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit, including:
  • the current control command value is limited based on the limited current to obtain the target current value input by the fuel cell into the DC-DC conversion circuit, wherein the limited current is determined based on the DC-DC conversion circuit
  • the output current and battery output voltage are calculated using the preset nonlinear real-time intervention transfer function
  • the calculation instruction value is determined based on the battery output current and the battery output power, including:
  • the calculation command value I Fcm (k) is obtained by calculation, where I Fcm (k-1) is the calculation command value obtained from the previous calculation, k i is the regulator parameter, and ⁇ I Fcm is the preset current given signal Incremental value, the ⁇ I Fcm is based on the ratio between the ⁇ P and the ⁇ I m .
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain the battery output power within a preset power range, including:
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value, and obtains the value indicated by 0-a ⁇ P/ ⁇ I m ⁇ 0+a
  • the battery output power within the preset power range, a is a real number greater than or equal to 0.
  • it also includes:
  • an early warning signal is sent to the front-level controller, and the front-level controller includes at least a vehicle controller.
  • the second aspect of the present application discloses a fuel cell control system.
  • the system includes a controller, a DC-DC conversion circuit connected to the controller, and a real-time pulse connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit and the controller.
  • Wide modulation gate-level circuit, the input side of the DC-DC conversion circuit is connected to the fuel cell, and the controller includes a dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit;
  • the controller is used to collect the battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit of the fuel cell in real time;
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit is used to control the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, and the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit Calculating with the output current to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit, wherein the calculation command value is determined based on the battery output current and the battery output power;
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit is configured to adjust the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain battery output power within a preset power range, and
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit is specifically configured to obtain the difference value obtained by subtracting the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit from the target output voltage, and calculate based on the voltage loop transfer function to obtain the current control Command value, and limit the current control command value based on the limit current to obtain the target current value of the fuel cell input into the DC-DC conversion circuit, and obtain the target current value and the calculation command
  • the value current is calculated based on the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit and the battery output voltage, using a preset nonlinear real-time intervention transfer function, and the output current feedback value is calculated based on the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit , Calculated using the preset current feedback transfer function.
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit is further configured to use the ratio between the ⁇ P and the ⁇ I m
  • the calculation command value I Fcm (k) is obtained by calculation, where I Fcm (k-1) is the calculation command value obtained from the previous calculation, k i is the regulator parameter, and ⁇ I Fcm is the preset current given signal Incremental value, the ⁇ I Fcm is based on the ratio between the ⁇ P and the ⁇ I m .
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit is specifically configured to adjust the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain a value of 0-a ⁇ P/ ⁇ I
  • the controller is further configured to send an early warning signal to the forward controller when the ⁇ P/ ⁇ I m >0+a or ⁇ P/ ⁇ I m ⁇ 0-a, the preceding controller at least includes Vehicle controller.
  • a power control method and a fuel cell control system are provided based on the above embodiments of the present invention.
  • the method includes: the controller collects the battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, and output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit of the fuel cell in real time And output current.
  • the target output voltage, battery output voltage, battery output current, calculation command value, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit are calculated to obtain the real-time pulse width Modulate the control command value of the gate level circuit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit to obtain the battery output power within the preset power range.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a power control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of calculating a control instruction value provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of dividing a preset power area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a power control method and a fuel cell control system, which regulate the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC converter circuit, so that the battery output power is maintained within a preset power range.
  • the method is suitable for a fuel cell control system.
  • the fuel cell control system includes a controller, and a DC connected to the controller -A DC conversion circuit, a real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit and a controller, the input side of the DC-DC conversion circuit is connected to the fuel cell, and the controller includes a double closed loop Non-linear control unit, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 The controller collects the battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit of the fuel cell in real time.
  • a current sensor and a voltage sensor are set at the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit in advance, and the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected.
  • a current sensor and a voltage sensor are arranged at the input end of the DC-DC conversion circuit, and the battery output voltage and battery output current are collected.
  • the battery output power is obtained by multiplying the battery output voltage by the battery output current.
  • Step S102 In the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit, the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, and the DC-DC conversion circuit The output voltage and output current are calculated to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit.
  • a preset dual closed loop nonlinear control model is constructed in the dual closed loop nonlinear control unit in advance, and the dual closed loop nonlinear control model is used for inputting the dual closed loop nonlinear control model based on a preset control strategy.
  • the input volume is processed to obtain the output volume that meets the preset requirements.
  • step S102 the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, the output voltage and output of the DC-DC conversion circuit
  • the current is used as the input of the double closed-loop nonlinear control model to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit.
  • the calculation command value is determined based on the battery output current and the battery output power, specifically based on the ratio between ⁇ P and ⁇ I m , and the calculation command value I Fcm (k) is calculated using formula (1).
  • the formula (1) is:
  • I Fcm (k-1) is the calculated command value obtained from the previous calculation
  • k i is the regulator parameter
  • ⁇ I Fcm is the preset signal increment value of the current
  • the ⁇ I Fcm is based on the ⁇ P and The ratio between the ⁇ I m is taken.
  • ⁇ P is the difference between the current battery output power and the previous battery output power
  • ⁇ I m is the difference between the current battery output current and the previous battery output current.
  • the target output voltage is set by a technician according to actual conditions.
  • Step S103 The real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain the battery output power within the preset power range.
  • the battery output power within the range, a is a real number greater than or equal to 0.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit adjusts the switching duty cycle of the power electronic switching element in the DC-DC conversion circuit to control the output voltage and the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit. The output current changes.
  • the power electronic switching elements in the DC-DC conversion circuit include but are not limited to metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (Metal-Oxid- Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET).
  • MOSFET Metal-Oxid- Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • the controller sends an early warning signal to the front-level controller, and the front-level controller includes at least a vehicle controller .
  • sending an early warning signal to the upper control computer of the controller For example, sending an early warning signal to the upper control computer of the controller.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • the process of obtaining the control instruction value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit involved in step S102 in FIG. 1, referring to FIG. 2, shows a flowchart of calculating a control instruction value provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps :
  • Step S201 Obtain the difference value obtained by subtracting the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit from the target output voltage, and calculate based on the voltage loop transfer function to obtain the current control command value.
  • step S201 based on the comparison link, the difference value obtained by subtracting the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit from the target output voltage is obtained, and the difference value is used as the pre-designed voltage loop transfer function To get the current control command value.
  • the transfer function refers to the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output of the linear system to the Laplace transform of the input under the zero initial condition, denoted as formula (2).
  • Y(S) is the output and U(s) is the input.
  • Step S202 Limit the current control command value based on the limit current to obtain the target current value input by the fuel cell into the DC-DC conversion circuit.
  • the limit current and the current control command value are input to a nonlinear real-time adjustable amplitude limiting module, and the current control command value is limited based on the limit current to obtain The target current value in the DC-DC conversion circuit.
  • the limit current is calculated based on the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit and the battery output voltage using a preset nonlinear real-time intervention transfer function. That is, the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit and the battery output voltage are used as the input of the non-linear real-time intervention transfer function to obtain the limit current.
  • the above-mentioned limiting module includes but is not limited to the non-linear real-time adjustable Limiting module.
  • Step S203 Obtain the sum of the target current value and the calculated instruction value to obtain a given current value.
  • step S203 the calculation process of the calculation instruction value can refer to the content corresponding to step S102 disclosed in FIG. 1 of the above embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • Step S204 Obtain the difference value obtained by subtracting the output current feedback value from the given current value, and obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit.
  • step S204 based on the comparison link, the difference value obtained by subtracting the output current feedback value from the given current value is obtained to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit.
  • the output current feedback value is calculated based on the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit using a preset current feedback transfer function. That is, the output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit is used as the input of the current feedback transfer function to obtain the output current feedback value.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 301 and 302 are In the comparison link, 303 is a current sensor, 304 is a voltage sensor, 305 is the nonlinear real-time adjustable amplitude limiting module, G i is the current feedback transfer function, G im is the nonlinear real-time intervention transfer function, G V Is the voltage loop transfer function, G b is the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit, D 1 is the boost blocking diode, L 1 is the boost inductor, C 1 is the filter capacitor, and Q 1 is the DC- Power electronic switching element in DC conversion circuit.
  • the comparison link 301 uses the comparison link 301 to obtain the target output voltage Subtract the difference value obtained by subtracting the output voltage V DC of the DC-DC conversion circuit, and input the difference value into the G V to obtain the current control command value.
  • the limited current I Fcm(j) and the current control command value are input to the nonlinear real-time adjustable limiter module 305, and the current control command value is limited to obtain the fuel cell input Target current value in DC-DC conversion circuit
  • the limited current I Fcm(j) is obtained by inputting the output current I dc of the DC-DC conversion circuit and the battery output voltage V FC into the G im .
  • the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is obtained
  • the I F is obtained by inputting the output current I dc of the DC-DC conversion circuit into the G i .
  • the G b is used to control the switching duty cycle of the Q 1 , so as to adjust the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit to obtain the battery output power within a preset power range.
  • area (1) is a transitional power area
  • area (2) is an optimized power area
  • area (3) is a high internal resistance area
  • area (4) is a light load and low power area.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • FIG. 5 a structural block diagram of a fuel cell control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the system includes: a controller 501, a DC-DC conversion circuit 504 connected to the controller, and the DC-DC
  • the controller 501 is used to collect the battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit 504 of the fuel cell 505 in real time.
  • step S101 disclosed in FIG. 1 of the foregoing embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit 502 is used to control the target output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit 504, the battery output voltage, the battery output current, the calculation command value, and the output of the DC-DC conversion circuit 504
  • the voltage and output current are calculated to obtain the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit 503, where the calculation command value is determined based on the battery output current and battery output power.
  • the calculation command value is determined based on the battery output current and battery output power.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit 503 is configured to adjust the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit 504 based on the control command value to obtain the battery output power within the preset power range.
  • ⁇ P is the difference between the current battery output power and the previous battery output power
  • ⁇ I m is the current battery output current and the previous battery output current The difference.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit 503 is specifically configured to adjust the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to obtain a value of 0-a ⁇ P/ ⁇ I
  • the controller 501 is further configured to send an early warning signal to the preceding controller when the ⁇ P/ ⁇ I m > 0+a or ⁇ P/ ⁇ I m ⁇ 0-a, and the preceding controller is at least Including vehicle controller.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit 502 is specifically configured to obtain the difference value obtained by subtracting the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit from the target output voltage, based on the voltage
  • the loop transfer function is calculated to obtain the current control command value.
  • limit the current control command value based on the limit current to obtain the target current value input by the fuel cell 504 into the DC-DC conversion circuit 504, wherein the limit current is determined based on the DC-
  • the output current of the DC conversion circuit and the output voltage of the battery are calculated using a preset nonlinear real-time intervention transfer function.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.
  • the dual closed-loop nonlinear control unit 502 is further configured to calculate the calculated instruction value I based on the ratio between the ⁇ P and the ⁇ I m using formula (1) Fcm (k), where I Fcm (k-1) is the calculated command value obtained from the previous calculation, k i is the regulator parameter, ⁇ I Fcm is the preset signal increment value of the current, the ⁇ I Fcm The value is determined based on the ratio between the ⁇ P and the ⁇ I m .
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a power control method and fuel cell control system.
  • the method includes: the controller collects the battery output voltage, battery output current, battery output power, and DC-DC conversion circuit of the fuel cell in real time. Output voltage and output current.
  • the target output voltage, battery output voltage, battery output current, calculation command value, output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit are calculated to obtain the real-time pulse width Modulate the control command value of the gate-level circuit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit to obtain the battery output power within the preset power range.
  • the data of the fuel cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are collected in real time, and the control command value of the real-time pulse width modulation gate circuit is calculated by using the double closed-loop nonlinear control unit.
  • the real-time pulse width modulation gate-level circuit regulates the output voltage and output current of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the control command value to keep the battery output power within the preset power range. It can improve the practicability, controllability and stability of the fuel cell control system.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统，该方法包括：控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流。在双闭环非线性控制单元中，对DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、电池输出电压、电池输出电流、计算指令值、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率。在本方案中，通过实时采集的数据，控制电池输出功率保持在预设功率范围内，提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。

Description

功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统 技术领域
本发明涉及自动控制技术领域，具体涉及一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，新能源逐渐成为各行各业关注的焦点，新能源技术也逐渐应用在各行各业中。其中较为常见的是，将由燃料电池堆和DC-DC电压转换器进行简单串联集成的发电系统应用在汽车和船舶等行业，用于为汽车和舰船提供驱动能量。
燃料电池的输出电压与发电系统中的负载电流存在非线性关系，即输出电压下降的比值在不同取值的负载电流区间中是不同的。比如在取值较小的负载电流区间和取值较大的负载电流区间，输出电压下降的比值相差较大，因此发电系统的输出功率也较低。在为被供电负载供电时，现有的发电系统没有对负载电流的大小进行控制，不能使燃料电池的输出功率保持在输出功率较高的区域内，当负载电流较大或者较小时，发电系统无法满足被供电负载的功率需求。
因此现有的发电系统存在实用性低、实时可控性低和稳定性低等问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统，以解决现有的发电系统存在实用性低、实时可控性低和稳定性低等问题。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供如下技术方案：
本申请第一方面公开了一种功率控制方法，适用于燃料电池控制系统，所述燃料电池控制系统包括控制器，与所述控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路，与所述DC-DC变换电路和控制器连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路，所述DC-DC变换电路的输入侧与所述燃料电池连接，所述控制器包含双闭环非线性控制单元，所述方法包括：
所述控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出 功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流；
在所述双闭环非线性控制单元中，对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定；
所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，其中，ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。
优选的，所述在双闭环非线性控制单元中，对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，包括：
获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值；
基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值，其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压，使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得；
获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值；
获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。
优选的，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定，包括：
基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值，使用
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000001
计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)，其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。
优选的，所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，包括：
所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。
优选的，还包括：
当所述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。
本申请第二方面公开了一种燃料电池控制系统，所述系统包括：控制器，与所述控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路，与所述DC-DC变换电路和控制器连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路，所述DC-DC变换电路的输入侧与所述燃料电池连接，所述控制器包含双闭环非线性控制单元；
所述控制器，用于实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流；
所述双闭环非线性控制单元，用于对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定；
所述实时脉宽调制门级电路，用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，其中，ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。
优选的，所述双闭环非线性控制单元，具体用于获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值，以及基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值，以及获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值，以及获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压，使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。
优选的，所述双闭环非线性控制单元还用于基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值，使用
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000002
计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)，其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。
优选的，所述实时脉宽调制门级电路，具体用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。
优选的，所述控制器，还用于当所述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。
基于上述本发明实施例提供的一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统，该方法包括：控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流。在双闭环非线性控制单元中，对DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、电池输出电压、电池输出电流、计算指令值、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内 的电池输出功率。在本发明提供的方案中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种功率控制方法的流程图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的计算控制指令值的流程图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种燃料电池控制系统的架构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的预设功率区域划分图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种燃料电池控制系统的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
由背景技术可知，燃料电池的输出电压与发电系统中的负载电流存在非线性关系，即输出电压下降的比值在不同取值的负载电流区间中是不同的。在为被供电负载供电时，现有的发电系统没有对负载电流的大小进行控制，不能使燃料电池的输出功率保持在输出功率较高的区域内，当负载电流较大或者较小时，发电系统无法满足被供电负载的功率需求。
因此，本发明提供一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统，对DC-DC变 换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。
参考图1，示出了本发明实施例提供的一种功率控制方法的流程图，所述方法适用于燃料电池控制系统，所述燃料电池控制系统包括控制器，与所述控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路，与所述DC-DC变换电路和控制器连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路，所述DC-DC变换电路的输入侧与所述燃料电池连接，所述控制器包含双闭环非线性控制单元，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S101：所述控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流。
在具体实现步骤S101的过程中，预先在所述DC-DC变换电路的输出端设置电流传感器和电压传感器，采集所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流。在所述DC-DC变换电路的输入端设置电流传感器和电压传感器，采集所述电池输出电压和电池输出电流，所述电池输出功率由所述电池输出电压乘于所述电池输出电流获得。
步骤S102：在所述双闭环非线性控制单元中，对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。
在所述双闭环非线性控制单元中预先构建好预设的双闭环非线性控制模型，该双闭环非线性控制模型用于基于预设的控制策略，将输入所述双闭环非线性控制模型的输入量进行处理，得到符合预设要求的输出量。
在具体实现步骤S102的过程中，将所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流作为所述双闭环非线性控制模型的输入，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定，具体基于ΔP和ΔI m之间的比值，使用公式(1)计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)。
所述公式(1)为：
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000003
其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。
需要说明的是，所述目标输出电压由技术人员根据实际情况进行设置。
步骤S103：所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率。
在具体实现步骤S103的过程中，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，具体得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，通过调节所述DC-DC变换电路中的电力电子开关元件的开关占空比，从而控制所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流变化。
需要说明的是，所述a的取值由技术人员根据实际情况进行设置，所述DC-DC变换电路中的电力电子开关元件包括但不仅限于金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal-Oxid-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，MOSFET)。
优选的，当所述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，所述控制器向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。比如向所述控制器的上级控制计算机发送预警信号。
在本发明实施例中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
上述图1步骤S102中涉及到的得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值的过程，参考图2，示出了本发明实施例提供的计算控制指令值的流程图，包括以下步骤：
步骤S201：获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值。
在具体实现步骤S201的过程中，基于比较环节，获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，将所述差值作为预先设计的电压环传递函数的输入，得到电流控制指令值。
需要说明的是，传递函数是指零初始条件下线性系统输出量的拉普拉斯变换与输入量的拉普拉斯变换之比，记为公式(2)。
所述公式(2)为：
G(s)＝Y(s)/U(s)  (2)
其中，Y(S)为输出量，U(s)为输入量。
需要说明的是，所述电压环传递函数的具体内容由技术人员根据实际情况中针对需要使用的电压的要求进行设置。
步骤S202：基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值。
在具体实现步骤S202的过程中，将所述限值电流和所述电流控制指令值输入非线性实时可调限幅模块，基于所述限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值。其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得。即将所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压作为所述非线性实时干预传递函数的输入，得到所述限值电流。
需要说明的是，所述非线性实时干预传递函数的具体内容由技术人员根据实际情况中针对需要使用的限制电流的要求进行设置，上述的限幅模块包括但不仅限于所述非线性实时可调限幅模块。
步骤S203：获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值。
在具体实现步骤S203的过程中，所述计算指令值的计算过程参见上述本 发明实施例图1公开的步骤S102相对应的内容，在这就不再进行赘述。
步骤S204：获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。
在具体实现步骤S204的过程中，基于比较环节，获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。其中，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。即将所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流作为所述电流反馈传递函数的输入，得到所述输出电流反馈值。
需要说明的是，所述电流反馈传递函数的具体内容由技术人员根据实际情况中针对需要使用的电流的要求进行设置。
在本发明实施例中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
与上述本发明实施例提供的一种功率控制方法相对应，参考图3，示出了本发明实施例提供的一种燃料电池控制系统的架构示意图，在所述图3中，301和302为比较环节，303为电流传感器，304为电压传感器，305为所述非线性实时可调限幅模块，G i为所述电流反馈传递函数，G im为所述非线性实时干预传递函数，G V为所述电压环传递函数，G b为所述实时脉宽调制门级电路，D 1为升压阻断二极管，L 1为升压电感，C 1为滤波电容，Q 1为所述DC-DC变换电路中的电力电子开关元件。
使用比较环节301，获取所述目标输出电压
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000004
减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压V DC后得到的差值，将所述差值输入所述G V得到所述电流控制指令值。将所述限值电流I Fcm(j)和所述电流控制指令值输入所述非线性实时可调限幅模块305，对所述电流控制指令值进行限值，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000005
所述限值电流I Fcm(j)由将所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流I dc和电池输出电压V FC输入所述G im得到的。
获取所述
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000006
与所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)的和，得到所述给定电流值
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000007
使用所述比较环节302获取所述给定电流值
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000008
减去输出电流反馈值I F后得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000009
其中所述I F由将所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流I dc输入所述G i得到的。
基于所述控制指令值
Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-000010
使用所述G b控制所述Q 1的开关占空比，从而对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率。
需要说明的是，上述图3示出的燃料电池控制系统的架构示意图仅用于举例说明。
为了更好的解释说明所述电池输出功率的预设功率范围，通过图4进行举例说明，参考图4，示出了本发明实施例提供的预设功率区域划分图，通过对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使所述电池输出功率保持在ΔP/ΔI m＝0的邻近范围内，如所述图4中的区域(2)中。在所述图4中，区域(1)为过渡功率区域，区域(2)为优化功率区域，区域(3)为高内阻区域，区域(4)为轻载低功率区域。
需要说明的是，上述图4所示出的功率区域划分图仅仅用于举例说明，实际内容由技术人员根据实际情况进行设置。
在本发明实施例中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
参考图5，示出了本发明实施例提供的一种燃料电池控制系统的结构框图，所述系统包括：控制器501，与控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路504，与所述DC-DC变换电路504和控制器501连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路503，所述DC-DC变换电路504的输入侧与所述燃料电池505连接，所述控制器501包含双闭环非线性控制单元502。控制器501，用于实时采集燃料电池505的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路504的输出电压和输出电流。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图1公开的步骤S101相对应的内容。
双闭环非线性控制单元502，用于对所述DC-DC变换电路504的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路504的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路503的控制指令值，其中，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图1公开的步骤S102相对应的内容。
实时脉宽调制门级电路503，用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路504的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，其中，ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图1公开的步骤S103相对应的内容。
优选的，所述实时脉宽调制门级电路503具体用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。
优选的，所述控制器501，还用于当所述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。
在本发明实施例中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
优选的，结合图5，参考图3，所述双闭环非线性控制单元502，具体用于获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图2公开的步骤S201相对应的内容。以及基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池504输入所述DC-DC变换电路504中的目标电流值，其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输 出电流和电池输出电压，使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图2公开的步骤S202相对应的内容。以及获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图2公开的步骤S203相对应的内容。以及获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路503的控制指令值，其中，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。具体内容参见上述本发明实施例图2公开的步骤S204相对应的内容。
在本发明实施例中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
优选的，结合图5，参考图3，所述双闭环非线性控制单元502还用于基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值，使用公式(1)计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)，其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。
综上所述，本发明实施例了一种功率控制方法及燃料电池控制系统，该方法包括：控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流。在双闭环非线性控制单元中，对DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、电池输出电压、电池输出电流、计算指令值、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率。在本发明提供的方案中，通过实时采集得到的燃料电池和DC-DC变换电路的数据，使用双闭环非线性控制单元计算得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的 控制指令值。实时脉宽调制门级电路基于控制指令值，对DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，使电池输出功率保持在预设的功率范围内。能提高燃料电池控制系统的实用性、可控性和稳定性。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
为了描述的方便，描述以上装置时以功能分为各种单元分别描述。当然，在实施本申请时可以把各单元的功能在同一个或多个软件和/或硬件中实现。
通过以上的实施方式的描述可知，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本申请可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种功率控制方法，其特征在于，适用于燃料电池控制系统，所述燃料电池控制系统包括控制器，与所述控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路，与所述DC-DC变换电路和控制器连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路，所述DC-DC变换电路的输入侧与所述燃料电池连接，所述控制器包含双闭环非线性控制单元，所述方法包括：
    所述控制器实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流；
    在所述双闭环非线性控制单元中，对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定；
    所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，其中，ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在双闭环非线性控制单元中，对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，包括：
    获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值；
    基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值，其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压，使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得；
    获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值；
    获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉 宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定，包括：
    基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值，使用
    Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-100001
    计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)，其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，包括：
    所述实时脉宽调制门级电路基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    当所述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。
  6. 一种燃料电池控制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：控制器，与所述控制器相连的DC-DC变换电路，与所述DC-DC变换电路和控制器连接的实时脉宽调制门级电路，所述DC-DC变换电路的输入侧与所述燃料电池连接，所述控制器包含双闭环非线性控制单元；
    所述控制器，用于实时采集燃料电池的电池输出电压、电池输出电流、电池输出功率、DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流；
    所述双闭环非线性控制单元，用于对所述DC-DC变换电路的目标输出电压、所述电池输出电压、所述电池输出电流、计算指令值、所述DC-DC变换 电路的输出电压和输出电流进行计算，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述计算指令值由基于所述电池输出电流和电池输出功率确定；
    所述实时脉宽调制门级电路，用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，所述预设功率范围以ΔP/ΔI m＝0所指示的功率确定，其中，ΔP为当前的电池输出功率与前一次电池输出功率的差值，ΔI m为当前的电池输出电流与前一次电池输出电流的差值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述双闭环非线性控制单元，具体用于获取所述目标输出电压减去所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压后得到的差值，基于电压环传递函数进行计算，得到电流控制指令值，以及基于限值电流对所述电流控制指令值进行限幅，得到所述燃料电池输入所述DC-DC变换电路中的目标电流值，以及获取所述目标电流值与所述计算指令值的和，得到给定电流值，以及获取所述给定电流值减去输出电流反馈值后得到的差值，得到所述实时脉宽调制门级电路的控制指令值，其中，所述限值电流由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流和电池输出电压，使用预设的非线性实时干预传递函数计算获得，所述输出电流反馈值由基于所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电流，使用预设的电流反馈传递函数计算获得。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述双闭环非线性控制单元还用于基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值，使用
    Figure PCTCN2019074187-appb-100002
    计算获得所述计算指令值I Fcm(k)，其中，I Fcm(k-1)为前一次计算得到的计算指令值，k i为调节器参数，ΔI Fcm为预设的电流的给定信号增量值，所述ΔI Fcm基于所述ΔP和所述ΔI m之间的比值进行取值。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，所述实时脉宽调制门级电路，具体用于基于所述控制指令值，对所述DC-DC变换电路的输出电压和输出电流进行调控，得到位于以0-a≤ΔP/ΔI m≤0+a所指示的预设功率范围内的电池输出功率，a为大于等于0的实数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制器，还用于当所 述ΔP/ΔI m>0+a或者ΔP/ΔI m<0-a时，向前级控制器发送预警信号，所述前级控制器至少包括整车控制器。
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