WO2020144982A1 - 焼結用粉末材料及びそれを用いた潜熱型固体蓄熱部材 - Google Patents
焼結用粉末材料及びそれを用いた潜熱型固体蓄熱部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020144982A1 WO2020144982A1 PCT/JP2019/047453 JP2019047453W WO2020144982A1 WO 2020144982 A1 WO2020144982 A1 WO 2020144982A1 JP 2019047453 W JP2019047453 W JP 2019047453W WO 2020144982 A1 WO2020144982 A1 WO 2020144982A1
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- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a powder material for sintering and a latent heat type solid heat storage member using the same.
- a heat storage system has been proposed as a technique for effectively utilizing heat energy, in which heat is stored and taken out when necessary.
- Materials useful for heat storage include a type that utilizes sensible heat derived from a large specific heat and a type that utilizes latent heat derived from a spontaneous heat absorption/release reaction during a phase transition.
- PCM phase change material
- the change between the gas phase and the liquid phase is often used, and the most obvious H 2 O phase transition (water-ice) is the first.
- solid-liquid phase change such as paraffin and sugar alcohol is used, and these have an advantage that a large amount of heat of several hundred kJ/kg can be stored.
- phase change type solid heat storage material that uses the phase transition due to the included electron degrees of freedom while the state of atoms and molecules remains solid. ing.
- Vanadium dioxide VO 2 is known as a material showing suitable characteristics as such a phase-change type solid heat storage material.
- the latent heat of this phase transition is about 220 J/cc, which absorbs the amount of heat equivalent to latent heat from the outside during the temperature rising process and releases the amount of heat equivalent to latent heat to the outside during the temperature decrease process.
- Non-Patent Document 2 proposes avoiding fracture due to a fine structure by sintering using VO 2 powder of nanometer size as a starting material to avoid fracture.
- the sample obtained by this method is separated into agglomerates of a micrometer size, which are aggregates of nanometer-sized crystal grains, and the binding of these agglomerates has not been confirmed.
- the effect on the improvement of the density and mechanical strength of the sintered body as a whole has not been investigated and is completely unknown.
- deviations from the stoichiometric composition of the VO 2 phase and the mixing of the V 6 O 13 phase that occur during the production of nanometer-sized VO 2 have been pointed out, but these changes can reduce the latent heat quantity. It has only been reported, and its relationship with the improvement of density and mechanical strength has not been studied at all and remains unclear.
- Patent Document 6 shaping
- Patent Document 6 does not show any method for forming VO 2 itself into a solid bulk that can be molded, and VO 2 is dispersed in a binder dissolved in water or an organic solvent and dried to maintain the shape. Since it is a method that fulfills the above requirement, the binder guarantees the moldability, and in principle, it is not much different from the method of enclosing it in a container, and the strength of the obtained member is not guaranteed at all.
- Patent Document 7 proposes a method of obtaining a member by dispersing it in a resin having a high thermal conductivity, and in Non-Patent Document 1, a phase change type solid heat storage material in which VO 2 is dispersed in glass is used. Proposed.
- a phase change type solid heat storage material in which VO 2 is dispersed in glass is used.
- the effective volume per volume is Since the amount of VO 2 cannot be earned, the heat storage capacity of the sample as a whole is diminished, and the function as a heat storage material is significantly hindered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above conventional circumstances, is made of a VO 2 -based inorganic material, is easy to sinter, has a high latent heat storage capacity, and is suitable as a phase-change type solid heat storage material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid heat storage material that can be used for and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the sintering powder material according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises vanadium and oxygen, and comprises a vanadium oxide represented by the chemical formula VO 2 and at least one other vanadium oxide for sintering.
- the powder material is characterized in that when the molar ratio of V and O in the entire powder is expressed as 1:(2+d), d is in the range of 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5.
- the latent heat type solid heat storage sintered member according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized by sintering the powder material for sintering according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- This latent heat type solid heat storage sintered member is composed of plural kinds of vanadium oxide, and the weight ratio of VO 2 oxide in the total vanadium oxide determined by phase identification using X-ray diffraction is 95% or more 100% or more. It is preferably less than %. In this case, it is more preferable to include a bubble-like pattern structure inside.
- the bubble-like pattern structure refers to a structure in which a small bubble-like pattern is observed on the surface of the crystal when observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the inventors of the present invention have obtained a relative density of 90% or more and a latent heat value of 200 J/cc or more in the case where a bubble-like structure is observed in the structure, and have excellent properties as a latent heat material. Made it clear. In particular, by setting the range of 0.0025 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, the latent heat value is 220 J/cc, which is comparable to the phase transition latent heat of vanadium dioxide.
- the sintering powder material according to the second aspect of the present invention contains vanadium and oxygen as main components, and a part of V of the oxide represented by the chemical formula VO 2 is one or more of W, Cr and Al. And a VO 2 -based vanadium oxide having a partial substitution rate of more than 0 atomic% and 20 atomic% or less, and an oxide other than the VO 2 -based vanadium oxide. And one or more kinds of vanadium oxides for sintering, wherein the ratio of the atomic% sum of vanadium and the substituting element to the atomic% of oxygen in the entire powder is 1:(2+d). When written, it is characterized in that d is 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1.
- the latent heat type solid heat storage sintered member of the second aspect of the present invention is characterized by sintering the powder material for sintering of the second aspect of the present invention.
- the heat storage amount per volume is comparable to the heat storage amount of the powder VO2 and can be set to 100 J/cc or more and 250 J/cc or less.
- the density as a bulk body is also improved, and the relative density ⁇ based on the density as a physical property value of VO 2 can be 80% ⁇ 100%. The mechanical properties are shown.
- This latent heat type solid heat storage sintered member is composed of plural kinds of vanadium oxide, one of which is a part of V of the oxide represented by the chemical formula VO 2 , W, Cr, or any one or more kinds of Al. Which is an oxide substituted with the element, wherein the weight ratio of the partially substituted VO 2 oxide in the total vanadium oxide determined by phase identification using X-ray diffraction is 95% or more and less than 100%. It is preferable that In this case, it is more preferable to include a bubble-like pattern structure inside.
- the powder material for sintering and the latent heat type solid heat storage member of the present invention are made of a VO 2 type inorganic material, easy to sinter and have a high latent heat storage capacity, and are suitably used as a phase change type solid heat storage material. be able to.
- Example 3 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 1.
- 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 2.
- 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 3.
- 7 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 4.
- 5 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 5.
- 7 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 6.
- 9 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 7.
- 9 is a scanning electron micrograph showing an enlarged structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 5.
- Example 7 is a scanning electron micrograph showing an enlarged structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 6.
- 9 is a scanning electron micrograph showing an enlarged structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 7.
- 5 is a graph showing changes in latent heat and relative density evaluated for Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1.
- 11 is a graph showing stress-strain curves measured for Examples 8 to 10 and Comparative Example 2.
- 13 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 11.
- 13 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the structure of the sintered member obtained in Example 12.
- 3 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction profile obtained by measuring Example 1.
- 9 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction profile obtained by measuring Example 5.
- 9 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction profile obtained by measuring Example 6.
- 13 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction profile obtained by measuring Example 11.
- 9 is a graph showing an X-ray diffraction profile obtained
- the sintering powder of the first aspect of the present invention is a powder that is composed of vanadium V and oxygen O, has an oxide having the chemical formula VO 2 as one component, and coexists with one or more other vanadium oxides.
- D in the above notation of element ratio is in the range of 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5, and shows good mechanical characteristics and heat storage characteristics when sintered. That is, since the heat storage capacity and the mechanical strength have a tendency that the dependences on the d value are contradictory, in order to make the heat storage capacity and the mechanical strength compatible with each other at a certain level or above, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1. Is more preferable, and 0.005 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.02 is further preferable.
- the following will describe the sintering molding of the latent heat type solid heat storage member using the sintering powder of the present disclosure, It can be performed by the following steps.
- ⁇ Powder synthesis process An oxide having the chemical formula VO 2 is used as one component, and a mixture coexisting with one or more other vanadium oxides is formed, and the ratio V:O of both elements in the entire powder is 1:( 2+d) is adjusted to a suitable value.
- -Sintered body forming step Next, the mixed powder obtained in the powder synthesizing step is sintered.
- VO 2 and V 2 O 5 are weighed to obtain a desired d value in a total V:O ratio after mixing in a notation of 1:(2+d).
- the method for producing the VO 2 and V 2 O 5 powders as starting materials is not particularly limited, and for example, commercially available reagents may be used.
- the size of the powder is also not particularly limited, but in order to make the dispersibility of both of them uniform during mixing and to further promote the sintering using the mixed powder, a known means such as mechanical milling is used before weighing.
- the powder particle size may be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- weighed VO 2 and V 2 O 5 can be added at the same time to promote particle size adjustment and mixing at the same time.
- the second embodiment of the powder synthesizing step uses VO 2 as a starting material, raises the temperature to a set temperature in the air, and performs annealing for a certain period of time, so that a part of VO 2 contains VO 2+ containing more oxygen. is changed to n compounds, the entire V becomes mixed state: O ratio is 1: is the representation of (2 + d) shall be adjusted to the desired d value.
- the method for producing VO 2 as a raw material is not particularly limited, and a commercially available reagent can also be used.
- the VO 2+n compound generated during annealing is not limited to one kind, and if one or more of 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 0.5 exist among the phases shown in the phase diagram, A desired d value can be realized.
- any known means can be used as the temperature raising method, and the set temperature and the holding time are not particularly limited.
- the particle size of the starting material is not particularly limited, but if it is pulverized to a too small particle size, it will hinder the subsequent handling such as recovery and compaction, and if the particle size is too large, Since it is known that extra time is required for bonding and grain growth of oxide particles, therefore, when measuring the Feret diameter from the image obtained by observing the obtained powder with a scanning electron microscope, range of mean lambda f is preferably from 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ f ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ f ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ f ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
- the mixed powder material for sintering obtained by the first embodiment or the second embodiment can be sintered by using any known method, and for example, a sintered bulk member is obtained by the following procedure. be able to.
- a solid heat storage bulk member having heat storage characteristics equivalent to those of powder VO 2 and good mechanical characteristics can be formed by performing the following steps.
- the mixed powder obtained in the powder synthesizing step is compressed by a pressing machine or the like to form pellets.
- the method of molding is not particularly limited, and the powder compact can be obtained by filling the mixed powder in a mold and pressurizing it. Specifically, for example, after the mixed powder is put into a cemented carbide die, the upper and lower sides are closed with a punch, and a load is applied to the punch with a hydraulic press to obtain a pellet-shaped powder compact.
- the load (pressure) applied during molding is not particularly limited.
- the pressure at the time of molding is preferable to select the pressure at the time of molding according to the material of the punch or die used and the density required after sintering.
- a cemented carbide die through hole diameter 8 mm
- ⁇ Sintered body forming step The compression molded pellets are vacuum-sealed in a quartz tube, the temperature of the pellets is raised to a processing temperature of 600° C. or more and 1000° C. or less, and powder sintering proceeds inside the powder compacted pellets.
- the sintered body forming step by heating the powder compacting pellets in a vacuum atmosphere, the sintering can be promoted by the diffusion of the powders without returning the oxidation state of the oxide constituting the starting material. ..
- the means for raising the pellet temperature in a vacuum atmosphere is not particularly limited, but, for example, as a sintered body forming step, the powder pellets are vacuum-sealed inside a quartz tube to produce an ampoule.
- the whole can be allowed to stand in an electric furnace to raise the temperature, whereby sintering can be carried out in a vacuum atmosphere.
- the degree of vacuum in the quartz tube at the time of sealing is not particularly limited, but when the degree of vacuum is lower than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa, oxygen and moisture remain in the chamber to such an extent as to affect the sintering reaction. In some cases, the degree of vacuum is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less, which is not preferable. Further, in order to realize a vacuum higher than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, a non-general purpose exhaust system having a high capacity is required, and therefore, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or more is preferable. Particularly, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or more is practical for attaining the degree of vacuum.
- an electric furnace capable of exhausting the space for heating the sample can be used to heat the powder compact pellets to advance the sintering. it can.
- the sample heating space of the electric furnace can be evacuated to a desired degree of vacuum before the temperature rise of the electric furnace is started. Then, by setting the heat treatment temperature to 670° C. or higher and 1050° C. or lower, the sintering reaction proceeds and a sintered body can be formed.
- VO 2 is a solid at 670° C.
- the liquid phase V 2 O 5 that has penetrated into the voids starts to change into solid phase VO 2, and as a result, the voids between the VO 2 powders that existed at the time of starting are filled with the solid phase VO 2 . Therefore, in the bulk member obtained through the sintered body forming step in the first embodiment of sintering, a latent heat change per volume equivalent to that of VO 2 simple substance is obtained, and VO 2 powder particles are The bonding is sufficiently advanced to cause grain growth, so that the mechanical strength of the bulk member is increased.
- pressure sintering can be used as the second embodiment of sintering, but the method of pressure sintering is not particularly limited, and for example, an electric current sintering method or a hot pressing method can be used. Can be used. In the case of electric current sintering, put the synthesized powder in a die made of an electrically conductive material such as graphite and sandwich it with a punch made of an electrically conductive material such as graphite as well. Set between the pressure rams of the device.
- the pressure ram can apply a predetermined load to the upper and lower punches and further generate a current of up to 10 3 A order between the upper and lower punches by applying a voltage, so the temperature is raised by Joule heat for energizing the die, punch and powder. Then, the sintering can be advanced under pressure.
- the atmosphere at the time of sintering is not particularly limited, but the chamber surrounding the ram for pressurization/energization may be provided with an exhaust function, and the pressure sintering may be performed in a vacuum atmosphere.
- the ultimate vacuum in the chamber is not particularly limited, but if evacuation is continued while the sintering process is in progress, by keeping the vacuum higher than 10 Pa, residual moisture and residual oxygen in the chamber are burned out.
- the apparatus chamber cannot be made smaller than the space required for setting the pressurization/current-carrying ram and the die consisting of the punch and the die, and has a high ability to realize a vacuum higher than 1 Pa. Since it requires a special exhaust system, it is preferably 1 Pa or more. Particularly, 5 Pa is practical for reaching the degree of vacuum.
- the load (pressure) applied between the upper and lower rams during the progress of the pressurized energization sintering is not particularly limited. If the load is large, a high density state with a small porosity can be obtained in the sintered member, but if it is too large, strain remains after sintering, which adversely affects the phase change that causes heat accumulation. Therefore, it is preferable to select the pressure at the time of molding according to the material of the punch or die used and the density required after sintering. For example, a graphite die (through hole diameter 10 mm) is used, and the pressure is about 1 g.
- the powder When the starting powder material is molded, the powder may be put into the through hole of the die, sandwiched by a cemented carbide punch having a diameter of 10 mm and inserted from above and below, and a load of about 1 kN may be applied to the upper and lower punches by a hydraulic press.
- a load of about 1 kN may be applied to the upper and lower punches by a hydraulic press.
- the temperature rise due to energization there is no particular limitation on the applied voltage, current or temperature control, and the temperature may be measured by energizing so that the current reaches a set value. By observing from outside the chamber, the temperature during sintering and the holding time at that temperature may be controlled in combination with a known PID control method. Then, by setting the heat treatment temperature to 670° C. or higher and 1050° C.
- VO 2 is a solid at 670° C. or higher, but V 2 O 5 exceeds the melting point and becomes a liquid. Therefore, the gap between the solid phase VO 2 powders is filled with the liquid phase V 2 O 5, but at this time, since the load from the ram is applied through the upper and lower punches, the O 2 appearing on the right side in the reaction of Equation 1 It is expelled, the change of liquid phase V 2 O 5 to solid phase VO 2 progresses, and the sintering progresses.
- the latent heat change per volume equivalent to the case of VO 2 alone is obtained, and the VO 2 powder is obtained.
- the mechanical strength of the bulk member is increased by sufficiently adhering the grains to each other and causing grain growth.
- the reaction of formula 1 is in progress, so that the ratio of VO 2 is increased compared to the composition ratio immediately after the powder synthesis step.
- the phase change type heat storage member thus obtained Develops a heat storage operation derived from latent heat at the same temperature as the phase transition temperature T p of VO 2 .
- a part of the V element of VO 2 used in the powder synthesis step may be replaced with another element.
- the substitution element, for example, W efficacy to T p control VO 2 is known, by selecting one or more from among Cr, or Al, the operating temperature also the heat storage member obtained by the disclosed technique Can be controlled.
- the preferable range of x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2.
- the operating temperature range can be controlled while maintaining the amount.
- the heat storage amount per volume is comparable to the heat storage amount of the powder VO2, and the size can be set to 100 J/cc or more and 250 J/cc or less. Further, the density as a bulk body is also improved, and the relative density ⁇ based on the density as a physical property value of VO 2 can be 80% ⁇ 100%. The mechanical properties are shown.
- Example 1 a sintered member was manufactured according to the following procedure, from powder synthesis to a sintered body forming step.
- ⁇ Powder synthesis process> Commercially available VO 2 (manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 99.9%) and V 2 O 5 (manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 99.9%) were weighed as w[VO 2 ] and w[V 2 respectively. [O 5 ] was weighed so that the ratio was 95:5, the total amount was adjusted to 40 g, and the mixture was put into a pot for mechanical milling.
- ⁇ Powder compacting process 0.3g of mixed powder is put into the through hole (diameter 8mm) of the cemented carbide die, sandwiched by punches with a diameter of 8mm from the top and bottom, and a single axis of about 5kN is used for the top and bottom punches by hydraulic press A load was applied to form pellets.
- Example 2 (Example 2) - except that powder conditioning step weight w [VO 2] and the ratio of w [V 2 O 5] was 90:10, to obtain a powder mixture by the same procedure as in Example 1. Assuming that the ratio V:O of both elements in the entire powder mixture is 1:(2+d), the d value calculated from the above weight ratio is 0.046.
- -Sintering step In the step of forming a sintered body, before the quartz ampoule is placed in the furnace, the temperature inside the furnace is raised to 680°C, the ampoule is placed in the furnace and held for 1 hour, and then the ampoule is placed in the furnace. A sintered member was obtained by the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the sintered member was taken out and air-cooled.
- Comparative Example 1 For comparison of the sintered structures, a sintered member was obtained as Comparative Example 1 by the following steps. -Powder preparation step Weight VO 2 powder without mixing was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the ratio of w[VO 2 ] to w[V 2 O 5 ] was 100:0 and the d value was 0. Obtained. The surface of this powder may be oxidized by adsorption of oxygen and water by exposure to the atmosphere, and V 2 O 5 may be generated. In order to completely remove V 2 O 5 on this surface, the VO 2 powder was vacuum-sealed by the same means as in the production of the quartz ampoule of Example 1 without pressing, and the melting point of V 2 O 5 was 600° C. or lower. Hold for 1 hour.
- Example 2 as compared with Example 1, the time required to reach the holding temperature for sintering was short, and since the holding temperature was low, many grains with a slightly smaller Feret diameter were observed. Obviously, the grain growth is larger than that of the starting raw material powder obtained in the powder adjusting step, and necking is observed everywhere as in Example 1.
- the observed image obtained from Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. 3, and almost the entire region is composed of small grains of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m. Since the fracture surface can be seen in the partially observed large grains, it is judged that the grains were accidentally mixed during milling and were insufficiently crushed. That is, it is understood that the grain growth is hardly realized in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3 - powder adjusting process commercial VO 2 (made by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. purity of 99.9%, Ltd.) by the same powders adjusting step as in Comparative Example 1 were prepared VO 2 powder finer.
- the obtained powder (1.5 g) was laid on the bottom of a glass petri dish, placed in a muffle furnace at room temperature together with the petri dish, and heated at a rate of 5° C./min in an atmospheric atmosphere. After the temperature in the furnace reached 250°C, the temperature was maintained for 20 minutes, then the input current to the heating element of the furnace was returned to 0 in a few minutes to stop the heat input, and immediately after the temperature in the furnace returned to room temperature, the glass was cooled.
- Example 4 A sintered member was obtained by the same steps as in Example 3 except that the holding time for the oxidation treatment at 250° C. in the air atmosphere in the powder synthesizing step was set to 40 minutes, and was set as Example 4.
- Example 5 in the same manner as the powder adjusting process in Example 1, w [VO 2] and w [V 2 O 5] ratio of 95: was adjusted to 5, to prepare a mixed powder d value is 0.046.
- ⁇ Sintering step 1 gram of the mixed powder thus obtained is put into a graphite die having a through hole (diameter: 10 mm), a carbon sheet having the same hole diameter is inserted into the lid from above and below, and a single carbon sheet is added.
- a graphite punch (diameter: 10 mm), which was wound around the mold, was adjusted from the top and bottom by adjusting the tolerance with respect to the die hole, and was set between the pressure rams of the electric sintering machine to apply a load of 5 kN.
- the chamber was closed and evacuated, and when the internal pressure reached 5 Pa or less, voltage application was started through the pressure ram.
- the applied voltage was returned to 0 and the heating was stopped. After waiting for the sample temperature to naturally cool and reach room temperature by the heat conduction through the contact between the pressure ram and the punch, the evacuation was stopped, the sample was taken out from the chamber, and the sintered member taken out from the die was taken as Example 5. .
- Example 6 In the powder adjusting step, the mixed powder was adjusted by the same method as in Example 3, and in the sintering step, the sintered body obtained by the same current pressure sintering method as in Example 5 was used as Example 6.
- Example 7 In the powder adjusting step, a mixed powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the holding time was 5 minutes and the d value was adjusted to 0.0025. In the sintering step, a sintered body obtained by electric current pressure sintering in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the ultimate temperature at the time of temperature rise was adjusted to 670° C. was set as Example 7.
- Example 5 to 7 were fractured by applying a bending load by a technique using a combination of pliers or the like, and the fracture surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope SEM (VE-8800 manufactured by KEYENCE). 6 and 7 show the observation results (200 times) of Example 5 and Example 6, respectively. Compared with Example 1 and Example 3 in which powder was compacted before sintering and sintered in a quartz ampoule, the bonding between the grains clearly progressed, and the single grain shape could not be completely distinguished. There is.
- a typical Feret diameter estimated from a portion surrounded by linear grain boundaries based on the contrast difference between the grain boundaries and the grain boundaries is about 50 ⁇ m in each of Example 5 and Example 6, It was confirmed that the grains were further grown as compared with the cases of Example 1 and Example 3. Further, in Example 7, the d value was made smaller in the adjustment of the powder adjusting step, and the maximum temperature rise in the sintering step was made lower in order to slow down the grain growth rate. As a result of a similar microstructure observation (1000 times) using, it was observed that the grain-to-grain bonding was sufficiently advanced while suppressing the grain growth, as shown in FIG. Further observation with a scanning electron microscope was performed at a magnification of 2000 times, and as shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 (the tip of the arrow in each figure), all of Examples 5, 6 and 7 were obtained. , And a bubble-like texture was observed scattered.
- the relative density is about 50%, but in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 in which the compressed powder pellets are vacuum-sealed in a quartz ampoule and sintered, the relative density of the sintered body is about 80. Increase to %.
- Examples 5, 6 and 7 in which a foam-like structure was observed in the structure when pressure was applied during sintering, a relative density of 90% or more was obtained, and the latent heat value was 200 J/cc or more.
- the latent heat value was 220 J/cc, which was comparable to the latent heat of phase transition of vanadium dioxide.
- Example 8 In the sintering step, regarding the temperature rise of the current pressure sintering, the current flow rate was set to 1000 A and the current flow time was set to 12 seconds, and the temperature was raised rapidly to 690° C. without controlling the temperature rise rate, and the adjustment used.
- a sintered member of Example 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the mixed powder was 2 g and the load applied to the punch was 200 N.
- Example 9 A sintered member of Example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the ratio of w[VO 2 ] and w[V 2 O 5 ] was adjusted to 90:10 in the powder adjusting step.
- Example 10 The powder preparation was performed in the same manner as in Example 6, and the sintering process was performed in the same manner as in Example 7, to obtain a sintered member of Example 10.
- Comparative example 2 A powder preparation step was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and a sintering step was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain a sintered member of Comparative Example 2.
- Example 11 In the powder adjusting step, the same powder adjusting step and sintering step as in Example 6 except that Cr-added VO 2 (Smartec-HS120 manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) having a phase transition temperature adjusted to 120° C. was used. A sintered member of Example 11 was obtained by the above method. The Cr substitution amount for V estimated from the phase transition temperature is 0.10 atom %.
- Example 12 In the powder adjusting step, W-added VO 2 (Smartec-HS10 manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) whose phase transition temperature was adjusted to 10° C. was used, except that the sintering step was performed at the maximum temperature for 1 hour. In the same manner as in Example 6, a sintered member of Example 12 was obtained.
- the W substitution amount for V estimated from the phase transition temperature is 0.023 atomic %.
- the value of latent heat is smaller than that in the case where no additive element is added, but the latent heat amount (140 J /cc) measured for the powder of Smartec-HS120 manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory and Example 11
- the latent heat quantity of the above there is no big difference in the latent heat quantity of the above, and there is no big difference between the latent heat quantity (110 J/cc) measured for the powder of Smartec-HS10 manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory and the latent heat quantity of Example 12, so the addition element was added.
- the amount of latent heat is not affected by the present invention.
- the relative density reached 95% or more in both examples.
- FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 are X-ray diffraction profiles for the ground samples obtained from Examples 1, 5 and 6, respectively. The upper half of each figure shows the entire profile and the lower half is magnified so that the profile of weak diffraction intensity is visible.
- Example 1 three types of VO 2 , V 6 O 13 and V 2 O 5 were confirmed from the X-ray diffraction profile, and each oxide calculated from the peak intensity ratio and the density of each oxide.
- the ratio of the masses w[VO 2 ], w[V 6 O 13 ], and w[V 2 O 5 ] was 96.0:1.5:2.5.
- w[VO 2 ]:w[V 6 O 13 ]:w[V 2 O 5 ] was 95.0:0.0:5.0, and the weight change before and after sintering was 1%. Since it is below, the change of V 2 O 5 after the powder stage and member formation is not due to transpiration etc., and V 6 O 13 with less oxygen elements constituting than V 2 O 5 appears.
- VO 2 has the same molecular formula VO 2 in addition to the Monoclinic type known as a stable structure at room temperature.
- the existence of an oxide known as a T-phase having a Triclinic type crystal structure was confirmed, and there were three types of phases constituting the member, including V 2 O 5 .
- the ratio of the weights w[VO 2 ], w[VO 2 (T phase)] and w[V 2 O 5 ] obtained from the peak intensity and density of the profile was 97.5:1.2:1.3.
- the change in the weight ratio with the powder synthesis step is related to Formula 1, and oxygen is released from a part of V 2 O 5 to stabilize VO 2 or metastable. It shows that it changed to VO 2 (T phase).
- the value of d obtained from the weight ratio of the sintered member is 0.007.
- the constituent phases were VO 2 , VO 2 (T phase) and V 2 O 5 as in the case of the measurement for Example 5 .
- the ratio of w[VO 2 ], w[VO 2 (T phase)] and w[V 2 O 5 ] was 99.0:0.3:0.7.
- the value of d obtained from the weight ratio of the sintered member is 0.0025.
- Example 11 In order to identify the constituent oxides in the member when element substitution was performed, a part of the member obtained in Examples 11 and 12 was crushed and an X-ray diffraction measurement was performed. 19 and 20 are X-ray diffraction profiles for milled samples obtained from Example 11 and Example 12, respectively. The upper half of each figure shows the entire profile and the lower half is magnified so that the profile of weak diffraction intensity is visible. About Example 11, what was confirmed from the X-ray diffraction profile was two kinds of V 2 O 5 in addition to the monoclinic type oxide called A phase characteristic of Cr-added VO 2 , and the peak intensity ratio and each oxidation.
- the ratio of the masses w[VO 2 ] and w[V 2 O 5 ] of each oxide calculated from the product density was 97.0:3.0.
- the value of d obtained from this is 0.011.
- what was confirmed from the X-ray profile in Example 12 was VO 2 and V 6 O 13 , and the ratio of w[VO 2 ] and w[V 6 O 13 ] was 95.0:5.0.
- the value of d obtained from the weight ratio of the sintered member is 0.008.
- the material of the present invention and the member constituted by the same can be used as a regenerative heat storage exchanger inside an air conditioner installed in industrial equipment, automobiles, etc. and used for air temperature control. Further, the material of the present invention and the member constituted by the material are arranged in a part of a building material of a house or the like, and are used for heat insulation adjustment in which the fluctuation of the indoor temperature in summer or winter is suppressed to a range smaller than the change of the outside temperature. It is possible.
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Abstract
Description
このようにして調整された潜熱型固体蓄熱焼結部材では、体積あたりの蓄熱量が粉末VO2の蓄熱量と遜色なく、100J /cc以上から250J /cc以下の大きさとすることができる。また、バルク体としての密度も向上し、VO2の物性値としての密度を基準とした相対密度ρは、80%≦ ρ<100%とすることができ、このような高密度部材では良好な機械特性を示す。
本発明の第1の局面の焼結用粉末は、バナジウムVと酸素Oから構成され、化学式VO2からなる酸化物を一つの成分とし、そのほかの一種または複数種のバナジウム酸化物と共存する粉末であって、粉末全体での両元素のモル比がV:O=1:(2+d) と表記した場合にdが0<d<0.1の範囲とされている粉末である。
本開示の焼結用粉末を用いた潜熱型固体蓄熱部材の焼結成形は、以下の工程によって行うことができる。
・粉末合成工程
化学式VO2からなる酸化物を一つの成分とし、そのほかの一種または複数種のバナジウム酸化物と共存する混合物を形成し、粉末全体での両元素の比 V:Oが1:(2+d) と表記した際にdを好適な値に調整する。
・焼結体形成工程
次に、粉末合成工程により得られた混合粉末を焼結する。
また、出発原料の粒径についても、特に限定されるものではないが、あまり細かい粒径まで粉砕すると、その後の回収や圧粉などのハンドリングに支障をきたし、大きすぎる粒径の場合は、一般的に酸化物の粒同士の結合や粒成長に余計な時間が必要になることが知られているので、得られた粉末を走査電子顕微鏡で観察した画像からフェレー径を測長した場合、その平均値λfの範囲は0.5μm≦λf≦3μm が好ましく、1μm≦λf≦ 3μmがより好ましく、1μm≦λf≦2μm がさらに好ましい。
粉末合成工程で得られた混合粉末をプレス機等によって圧縮してペレット状に成形する。圧粉成型工程において、成型の方法としては特に限定されるものではなく、混合粉末を金型に充填し加圧することで成型し、圧粉成型体を得ることができる。具体的には例えば、混合粉末を超硬合金製ダイ中に投入後、上下をパンチで塞ぎ、パンチに油圧プレスで荷重を印加してペレット状の粉末成型体を得ることができる。成型する際、印加する荷重(圧力)は特に限定されるものではない。荷重が大きければ焼結後の部材において空隙率の少ない高密度状態が得られるが、あまり大きすぎると焼結後にもひずみが残留し、蓄熱発生の原因である相変化に悪影響を及ぼす。このため、用いたパンチやダイの材質や、焼結後に要求される密度に応じて、成型時の圧力を選択することが好ましく、例えば、超硬合金製のダイ(貫通穴径8mm)を用い、約1gの出発粉末材を成形する場合は、ダイの貫通穴内に粉末を入れ、上下から挿入した直径8mmの超硬合金製パンチで挟み込み、油圧プレスで上下パンチに2.5kN程度の荷重を加えれば、その後の工程で取り回せるペレットが成形できる。
圧縮成型されたペレットを石英管の中に真空封止し、600℃以上1000℃以下の処理温度までペレットの温度を上昇させ、圧粉成型ペレット内部で粉末焼結を進行させる。
焼結体形成工程では、真空雰囲気中で圧粉整成型ペレットを昇温することで、出発原料を構成する酸化物の酸化状態を帰ることなく、粉末同士の拡散により焼結を進めることができる。真空雰囲気下でペレット温度を昇温する手段は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、焼結体形成工程として、圧粉ペレットを石英管の内部に真空封止してアンプルを作製し、アンプルごと電気炉のなかに静置して昇温することで、真空雰囲気下の焼結を実施することができる。この際、封止する際の石英管内の真空度は、特に限定されないが、1×10-2Paより真空度が悪い場合、チャンバ内に酸素や水分が焼結反応に影響するくらい残留している場合があり好ましくないため、真空度は1×10-2Pa以下が好ましい。また、1×10-3Paよりも高真空を実現するためには、高い能力を持った非汎用の排気系が必要になるため1×10-3Pa以上が好ましい。特に、5×10-3Pa以上が真空度到達として実用的である。
そして、熱処理温度を670℃以上1050℃以下とすることで、焼結反応が進行し、焼結体を形成することができる。前述した粉末合成の実施形態における第一の形態での混合粉の場合、670℃以上においてVO2は固体であるが、V2O5は融点を越えるため液体になる。したがって固相VO2粉同士の間隙が液相V2O5により満たされるので緻密度が向上する。さらに、状態図によれば、固相VO2と液相V2O5が接した場合、両者の平衡状態が実現されるので、焼結進行中には、以下の一般式:式1で示される反応が生じる。
実施例1では、以下の手順により、粉末合成から焼結体形成工程を経て、焼結部材を製造した。
<粉末合成工程>
市販のVO2(株式会社高純度化学研究所製 純度99.9%)およびV2O5(株式会社高純度化学研究所製 純度99.9%)を、それぞれの重量w[VO2]とw[V2O5]の比率が95:5になるように秤量し、総量を40gに調整して、メカニカルミリング用のポットに投入した。その後ポット内にエタノールを30ml投入してポットを密封し、遊星運動(回転速度400rpm)式ミリングを1時間実施することで粉砕と混合を進展させた。ミリング実施後のポット内からは、混合粉を内在する懸濁液が得られ、これをエバポレータで乾燥させて混合粉を回収した。回収された混合粉を走査電子顕微鏡SEM(キーエンス製VE-8800)で観察したところ、観察画像の目視からは、フェレー径で3μmを超える粒は観測されず、2μm以下の粒は視野内の個数割合で95%であった。混合粉の粉末全体での両元素の比 V:Oを1:(2+d)とすると、上記の重量比から計算されるd値は0.023である。
上記のようにして得られた混合粉を、以下に示す圧粉成形工程と焼結体形成工程を経て焼結部材を得た。
混合粉0.3グラムを超硬合金製ダイの貫通穴(直径8mm)内に投入し、上下から直径8mmのパンチで挟みこみ、油圧プレスにより上下パンチに約5kNの1軸荷重を印加してペレットを成形した。
一端を封じた石英管の中にペレットを入れたのちに、内部を5×10-3Pa まで排気した後、排気口側をバーナー封じ切って石英アンプルを形成した。作製した真空アンプルをマッフル炉内部に配置し、昇温開始から1時間で熱処理温度である800℃まで昇温した後、該熱処理温度で1時間保持した。保持後には、炉の発熱体への入力電流を1分以内に0に戻して入熱を停止し、アンプルの冷却速度は炉体の自然冷却に従った。炉から取り出したアンプルは外部石英管を粉砕し、焼結部材を得た。
・粉末調整工程
重量w[VO2]とw[V2O5]の比率を90:10とした以外は、実施例1と同様の手順により混合粉末を得た。混合粉の粉末全体での両元素の比 V:Oを1:(2+d)とすると、上記の重量比から計算されるd値は0.046である。
・焼結工程
焼結体形成工程において、石英アンプルを炉内に設置する前に、炉内温度を680℃まで昇温し、アンプルを炉内に設置して1時間保持したのち、アンプルを炉外に取り出して空冷した以外は、実施例1と同様の手順により、焼結部材を得た。
焼結組織の比較のため、比較例1として焼結部材を以下の工程により得た。
・粉末調整工程
重量w[VO2]とw[V2O5]の比率を100:0とし、d値を0とした以外は実施例1と同様の手順により、混合のないVO2粉末を得た。この粉末は、大気暴露による酸素および水分吸着により表面が酸化されV2O5が生成している可能性がある。この表面のV2O5を完全に除去するため、VO2粉末を圧粉することなく実施例1の石英アンプル作製と同様の手段で真空封入し、V2O5の融点以下である600℃に1時間保持した。文献(Catalysis Letters,vol.83 (2002), pp.115-119)によれば、このような処理により表面のV2O5だけが除去される。このような処理後に得られたVO2粉末について、透過型電子顕微鏡TEMの電子線散乱観測から表面介在物を同定し、真空中600℃1時間の熱処理によりV2O5が除去されていることを確認した。
・焼結工程
実施例1と同様の圧粉成形工程および焼結体形成工程を経て得られた焼結部材を比較例1とした。
(組織観察)
実施例1、2および比較例1として得られた焼結部材の焼結組織を観察するために、それぞれの焼結部材について、ペンチ等の組み合わせを用い手技により曲げ荷重を加えて破断し、破断面を走査電子顕微鏡SEM(キーエンス製VE-8800)により観察した。実施例1および実施例2の走査型電子顕微鏡写真をそれぞれ図1および図2に示す。ミリング後の粉末では、フェレー径で3μm以上の粒が見られなかったが、図1では、フェレー径が10μm以下の粒が数点しか見られず、明らかに粒成長が進行し、また、随所でネッキングと呼ばれる粒間の結合が観測される。実施例2では実施例1に比べると、焼結のための保持温度に至るまでの時間が短時間であり、また、保持温度が低いため、フェレー径がやや小さい粒が多く観測されるが、明らかに粉末調整工程で得られた出発原料粉よりも粒成長しており、また実施例1と同様に随所でネッキングが観測される。一方、比較例1から得られた観測画像を図3に示すが、ほぼ全域が1~2μm程度の小さな粒で構成されている。部分的に観測される大きな粒には破断面が見えることから、ミリング時に偶発的に混入した破砕不十分な粒と判断される。すなわち、比較例1では粒成長がほとんど実現していないことがわかる。
粉末調整工程における第2の実施形態として、以下の方法により実施例3および実施例4の焼結部材を得た。
・粉末調整工程
市販のVO2(株式会社高純度化学研究所製 純度99.9%)を比較例1と同様の粉末調整工程により、微細化したVO2粉末を用意した。得られた粉末1.5グラムをガラスシャーレの底部に敷いてシャーレごと常温のマッフル炉内に配置し、大気雰囲気のまま毎分5℃の速度で昇温した。炉内温度が250℃に到達してから、20分間保持したのち、炉の発熱体への入力電流を数分で0に戻して入熱を停止し、炉内が室温に戻った直後にガラスシャーレから粉末を回収した。別途実施した熱重量変化測定からは、VO2粉末は、大気雰囲気下では250℃以上に昇温すると、酸化による重量増加が徐々に開始することを確認しており、250℃の大気雰囲気に20分間の保持した酸化量から算出されるd値は0.01である。
・焼結工程
実施例1と同様の圧粉成形工程および焼結体形成工程を経て得られた焼結部材を実施例3とした。
粉末合成工程において大気雰囲気下での250℃における酸化処理のための保持時間を40分にした以外は実施例3と同様の工程により焼結部材を得て、実施例4とした。
焼結部材について、ペンチ等の組み合わせを用い手技により曲げ荷重を加えて破断し、破断面を走査電子顕微鏡SEM(キーエンス製VE-8800)により観察した。図4および図5はそれぞれ実施例3および実施例4の観察結果である。両者ともに、比較例1の組織に比べ、明らかな粒成長とネッキングの発生が観測される。
粉末調整工程における第2の実施形態として、以下の方法により実施例5、6および実施例7の焼結部材を得た。
・粉末調整工程
実施例1と同様の方法により、w[VO2]とw[V2O5]の比率が95:5に調整し、d値が0.046となる混合粉を調整した。
・焼結工程
こうして得られた混合粉の1グラムを、貫通穴(直径10mm)のグラファイト製ダイの中に入れ、穴径と同じカーボンシートを上下から蓋状に挿入し、さらにカーボンシートを一重に巻きつけ、ダイ穴との公差を調整したグラファイト製パンチ(直径10mm)により上下から挟み込んだ状態で、通電焼結装置の加圧ラムの間にセットして5kNの荷重を印加した。チャンバを閉じて排気し、内圧が5Pa以下に到達した段階で、加圧ラムを通じで電圧印加を開始した。チャンバ外部から窓を通じて放射温度計により測定されたダイ表面の温度を試料温度の目安とし、1分あたりの試料温度の上昇分が200℃になるように印加電圧を増加して、800℃まで昇温を実施したのち、直ちに印加電圧を0に戻し加熱を停止した。加圧ラムとパンチとの接触を通じた熱伝導により試料温度が自然冷却され室温に到達するのを待って、排気を停止してチャンバから取り出し、ダイから取り出した焼結部材を実施例5とした。
粉末調整工程において実施例3と同様の方法により混合粉を調整し、焼結工程は、実施例5と同様の通電加圧焼結法によって得られた焼結体を実施例6とした。
粉末調整工程では、保持時間を5分にしてd値を0.0025になるように調整した以外は、実施例3と同様の方法により混合粉を得た。焼結工程では、昇温時の到達温度を670℃に調整した以外は実施例5と同様の方法により通電加圧焼結により得られた焼結体を実施例7とした。
実施例5~7の焼結部材について、ペンチ等の組み合わせを用い手技により曲げ荷重を加えて破断し、破断面を走査電子顕微鏡SEM(キーエンス製 VE-8800)により観察した。図6および図7はそれぞれ実施例5および実施例6の観察結果(200倍)である。焼結前に圧粉し、石英アンプル中で焼結した実施例1および実施例3と比較して、明らかに粒同士の結合が進展し、単一の粒形状を完全には区別できなくなっている。粒内と粒界のコントラスト差を基準として、線状の粒界に囲まれた部分から見積もられる典型的なフェレー径は、実施例5および実施例6のいずれの場合とも約50μm程度であり、実施例1および実施例3の場合よりさらに粒成長していることが確認された。また、実施例7では、粉末調整工程の調整においてd値を小さくし、また、粒成長の速度を遅くするために焼結工程での昇温最高温度を低下させているが、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いた同様の組織観察(1000倍)の結果では、図8に見られるように、粒成長を抑制しながらも粒同士の結合は十分に進展していることが観測された。さらに走査型電子顕微鏡による観察を拡大倍率2000倍にして行ったところ、図9、10および11に見られるように(各図中の矢印の先端部分)、実施例5、6および7のすべてについて、泡状模様組織が点在して観測された。
(蓄熱特性および密度評価)
蓄熱特性を評価するため、実施例1~7と比較例1について、示差走査熱量測定DSC(SII製DSC6000)測定を行なった。また、実施例1~7として作製した円筒形状の焼結部材を採寸して算出した体積と、電子天秤により秤量した総重量から密度を算出し、二酸化バナジウム化合物の密度(4.33g/cc)と比較することで、相対密度の値を見積もった。得られた測定値をd値に対してプロットした結果を図12に示す。比較例1では相対密度がおおよそ50%程度であるが、石英アンプル中に圧粉ペレットを真空封止して焼結した実施例1、2、3および4では焼結体の相対密度は約80%まで増加する。潜熱は0<d 0.05の範囲で200J /cc以上であり、dの増加とともにやや減少するが、d=0.092でも180J /ccと大きな値である。一方、焼結中に加圧を施し、組織に泡状模様組織が観測された実施例5、6および7ではいずれも90%以上の相対密度が得られ、また潜熱の値は200J /cc以上となり、特に0.0025 ≦ d ≦ 0.05の範囲では潜熱の値は220J /ccで、二酸化バナジウム の相転移潜熱に匹敵する値であった。
焼結工程において、通電加圧焼結の昇温については、通電量1000Aおよび通電時間を12秒に設定して昇温速度を制御せずに690℃に急速昇温したこと、および使用した調整混合粉を2グラムとし、パンチに印加する荷重を200Nとしたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして実施例8の焼結部材を得た。
粉末調整工程において、w[VO2]とw[V2O5]の比率が90:10に調整した以外は、実施例7と同様にして実施例9の焼結部材を得た。
粉末調整は実施例6と同様にして、焼結工程は実施例7と同様にして、実施例10の焼結部材を得た。
粉末調整工程は比較例1と同様にして、焼結工程は実施例7と同様にして、比較例2の焼結部材を得た。
上記のようにして得られた実施例8~10及び比較例2の焼結部材について、万能試験機(島津製作所 オートグラフAGS―G)を用い、焼結後の機械的強度を評価するため圧縮強度を測定した。
VO2の相転移温度が添加元素で制御できることを踏まえ、粉末調整工程において用いるVO2に元素添加を行なった場合でも、本発明が有効であることを確認するため、以下に示す実施例11および実施例12を作製し、組織観察、DSC測定および密度算定を行った。
粉末調整工程において、相転移温度が120℃に調整されたCr添加VO2(株式会社高純度化学研究所製Smartec-HS120)を用いた以外は実施例6と同様の粉末調整工程と焼結工程の方法により実施例11の焼結部材を得た。なお、相転移温度から見積もられるVに対するCr置換量は0.10原子%である。
粉末調整工程において、相転移温度が10℃に調整されたW添加VO2(株式会社高純度化学研究所製Smartec-HS10)を用い、焼結工程において最高温度で1時間の保持を行った以外は、実施例6と同様の方法により実施例12の焼結部材を得た。なお、相転移温度から見積もられるVに対するW置換量は0.023原子%である。
上記のようにして得られた実施例11及び12の焼結部材について、ペンチ等の組み合わせを用い手技により曲げ荷重を加えて破断し、破断面を走査電子顕微鏡SEM(キーエンス製VE-8800)により観察した。図14および図15はそれぞれ実施例11および実施例12の観察結果(1000倍)である。添加元素効果により成長速度の違いはあるが、比較例1に比べて明らかに粒同士が結合しており、元素添加後についても、本開示技術が有効であることが示された。
さらに、実施例11と12についての蓄熱特性を評価するため、示差走査熱量測定DSC(SII製DSC6000)測定を行なった。また、実施例11および実施例12として作製した円筒形状の焼結部材を採寸して算出した体積と、電子天秤により秤量した総重量から密度を算出し、二酸化バナジウム化合物の密度(4.33g/cc)と比較することで、相対密度の値を見積もった。得られた測定値を表1に示す。
部材形成後の構成酸化物の同定および割合を調べるため、実施例1、5および6について、得られた部材の一部を粉砕し、X線回折測定を行なった。図16、17および18は、それぞれ実施例1、5および6から得られた粉砕試料に関するX線回折プロファイルである。各図の上半分は、プロファイル全体を示し、下半分は、弱い回折強度のプロファイルが見えるように拡大してある。実施例1について、X線回折プロファイルから確認されたのは、VO2、V6O13 および V2O5の3種類であり、ピーク強度比および各酸化物の密度から算出される各酸化物の質量w[VO2]、w[V6O13]およびw[V2O5]の比率は、96.0:1.5:2.5となった。焼結前の粉末合成過程ではw[VO2]:w[V6O13]:w[V2O5]は95.0:0.0:5.0であり、また焼結前後での重量の変化は1%以下であるので、粉末段階と部材形成後のV2O5の変化は蒸散等によるものではなく、また、V2O5よりも構成する酸素元素が少ないV6O13が出現していることから、式1と類似の反応経路を経てV2O5から酸素が離脱するが、釣り合う平衡相の一部はV6O13となっていることがわかる。この際、焼結中の部材の一部分では式1の反応が進み、部材形成後には粉末合成時よりもVO2重量比が増加する。得られた比率から焼結後の部材について算出されるdの値は0.011であった。
Claims (8)
- バナジウムと酸素とからなり、
化学式VO2で示されるバナジウム酸化物と、それ以外の少なくとも一種類のバナジウム酸化物と、からなる焼結用粉末材料であって、
粉末全体でのVとOのモル比を1:(2+d)と表記した場合のdが0<d<0.5の範囲とされている焼結用粉末材料。 - 請求項1に記載の焼結用粉末材料を焼結した潜熱型固体蓄熱部材。
- 請求項2に記載の潜熱型固体蓄熱部材であって、複数種類のバナジウム酸化物からなり、X線回折を用いた相同定から決定される全バナジウム酸化物中に占めるVO2酸化物の重量比が95%以上100%未満とされている潜熱型固体蓄熱焼結部材。
- 請求項3に記載の潜熱型固体蓄熱部材であって、内部に泡状模様組織を内包する潜熱型固体蓄熱焼結部材。
- バナジウムと酸素とを主成分として含み、
化学式VO2で示される酸化物のVの一部をW、Cr及びAlのいずれか1種以上の元素で部分置換された酸化物を含んでおり、部分置換の割合が0原子%より大きく20原子%以下であるVO2系バナジウム酸化物と、該VO2系バナジウム酸化物以外の一種または複数種のバナジウム酸化物と、
からなる焼結用粉末材料であって、
粉末全体でのバナジウムおよび置換元素の原子%の和と、酸素の原子%の比を1:(2+d)と表記した場合に、dが0<d<0.1とされている焼結用粉末材料。 - 請求項5に記載の焼結用混合粉末を焼結した潜熱型固体蓄熱部材
- 請求項6に記載の潜熱型固体蓄熱部材であって、化学式VO2で示される酸化物のVの一部をW、Cr、またはAlのいずれか1種以上の元素で置換された酸化物を含む複数種のバナジウム酸化物から構成され、X線回折を用いた相同定から決定される、全バナジウム酸化物中に占める部分置換されたVO2酸化物の重量比が95%以上100%未満である潜熱型固体蓄熱焼結部材
- 請求項7に記載の潜熱型固体蓄熱部材であって、内部に泡状模様組織を内包する潜熱型固体蓄熱焼結部材。
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021070846A (ja) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | 株式会社高純度化学研究所 | Vo2焼結体の製造方法およびvo2焼結体スパッタリングターゲット |
| JP7106138B2 (ja) | 2019-10-30 | 2022-07-26 | 株式会社高純度化学研究所 | Vo2焼結体の製造方法およびvo2焼結体スパッタリングターゲット |
| WO2021230357A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-18 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 熱伝導率を調整した固体蓄熱材料および複合体 |
| JPWO2021230357A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-18 | ||
| JP7366466B2 (ja) | 2020-05-14 | 2023-10-23 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 熱伝導率を調整した固体蓄熱材料および複合体 |
| WO2024177015A1 (ja) | 2023-02-24 | 2024-08-29 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | TiNi系合金およびそれを含む蓄熱装置、ならびにそのTiNi系合金の製造方法 |
| EP4671396A1 (en) | 2023-02-24 | 2025-12-31 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | TINI-BASED ALLOY AND THERMAL STORAGE DEVICE INCLUDING IT, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TINI-BASED ALLOY |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3919583A4 (en) | 2022-10-12 |
| JP7120665B2 (ja) | 2022-08-17 |
| CN113260690A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
| US20220064510A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
| EP3919583B1 (en) | 2025-08-13 |
| EP3919583A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| JPWO2020144982A1 (ja) | 2021-10-21 |
| CN113260690B (zh) | 2022-06-28 |
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