WO2020144951A1 - ゲート駆動装置、スイッチング装置 - Google Patents
ゲート駆動装置、スイッチング装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020144951A1 WO2020144951A1 PCT/JP2019/045973 JP2019045973W WO2020144951A1 WO 2020144951 A1 WO2020144951 A1 WO 2020144951A1 JP 2019045973 W JP2019045973 W JP 2019045973W WO 2020144951 A1 WO2020144951 A1 WO 2020144951A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0822—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/165—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/165—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/166—Soft switching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gate drive device and a switching device.
- Patent Document 1 Patent No. 6290118 Specification
- Patent Document 2 Patent No. 6266478 Specification
- Patent Document 3 Patent No. 4935266 Specification
- a gate drive device may include a gate driving unit that drives the gate of the switching element.
- the gate drive device may include a peak detection unit that detects that the voltage between the main terminals applied between the main terminals of the switching element reaches a peak during the turn-off period of the switching element.
- the gate driving device may include a driving condition changing unit that increases a changing speed of the gate voltage of the switching element by the gate driving unit in response to the detection of the peak voltage of the main terminals.
- the peak detector may have a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage between the main terminals.
- the peak detector may include a comparator that compares a parameter corresponding to the voltage between the main terminals with a reference value.
- the peak detector may include a detector that detects that the voltage between the main terminals reaches a peak based on the comparison result by the comparator.
- the peak detection unit may further include a differential processing unit that detects a value according to the rate of change of the voltage between the main terminals as a parameter.
- the comparator may compare the parameter with a reference value indicating a reference rate of change of less than or equal to zero.
- the peak detection unit may further have a low-pass filter before or after the differentiation processing unit.
- the comparator may compare the parameter with a reference value indicating that the voltage between main terminals is at a peak.
- the drive condition changing unit detects the peak value of the voltage between the main terminals rather than the peak value of the voltage between the main terminals. May be smaller.
- the drive condition changing unit detects the peak of the voltage between the main terminals and at least until the current between the main terminals of the switching element is cut off, or when the DC voltage applied between the main terminals is changed to the main terminal.
- the resistance value of the gate resistor connected to the gate may be reduced until the inter-electrode voltage becomes low.
- the drive condition changing unit may increase the gate current of the switching element when the peak voltage of the main terminals is detected as compared to when the peak voltage of the main terminals is not detected. ..
- the gate driver may include a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the switching element.
- the gate drive device may include an enable unit that enables the peak detection unit and the drive condition changing unit in response to the temperature being higher than the reference temperature.
- a switching device may include the gate drive device of the first aspect.
- the switching device may comprise a switching element whose gate is driven by a gate driver.
- the switching element may be a wide bandgap semiconductor element.
- FIG. 1 shows a switching device 100 according to this embodiment.
- the operation of the switching device 100 is shown.
- An operation waveform when the main switching element 2 is turned off is shown.
- the switching device 100A which concerns on a modification is shown.
- FIG. 1 shows a switching device 100 according to this embodiment.
- the outline arrow symbol indicates voltage.
- the switching device 100 shows, for example, one phase of a power conversion device used for driving a motor or supplying power, and includes a positive power supply line 101, a negative power supply line 102, and a power output terminal 105. The connection is switched to output the converted voltage from the power output terminal 105.
- a DC voltage Ed of, for example, 600 to 800 V is applied between the positive power supply line 101 and the negative power supply line 102, and the negative power supply line 102 has a reference potential (ground potential as an example) of the entire switching device 100. Connected to.
- An inductive load 106 may be connected to the power output terminal 105.
- the switching device 100 includes a main switching device 1 on the positive side and a main switching device 2 on the negative side, free wheeling diodes 3 and 4 connected in antiparallel to the main switching devices 1 and 2, a gate driving device 5 on the positive side, and And a gate drive device 6 on the negative side.
- the main switching elements 1 and 2 are examples of switching elements, and electrically connect or disconnect between the drain terminal and the source terminal.
- the main switching elements 1 and 2 are switched on (also referred to as connection)/off (also referred to as disconnection) by gate driving devices 5 and 6 described later.
- the main switching elements 1 and 2 are sequentially connected in series between the negative power supply line 102 and the positive power supply line 101 to form an upper arm and a lower arm in the power conversion device. There is.
- a power output terminal 105 is connected to the midpoint of the main switching elements 1 and 2.
- Main switching elements 1 and 2 are silicon semiconductor elements having silicon as a base material.
- at least one of the main switching elements 1 and 2 may be a wide band gap semiconductor element.
- the wide bandgap semiconductor element is a semiconductor element having a bandgap larger than that of a silicon semiconductor element, and includes, for example, a semiconductor containing SiC, GaN, diamond, gallium nitride-based material, gallium oxide-based material, AlN, AlGaN, ZnO, or the like. It is an element.
- the wide band gap semiconductor device can improve the switching speed more than the silicon semiconductor device.
- the main switching elements 1 and 2 are MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), and may have a parasitic diode (not shown) in which the positive power supply line 101 side is a cathode.
- the free wheeling diodes 3 and 4 are connected in antiparallel to the main switching elements 1 and 2.
- the free wheeling diodes 3 and 4 may be Schottky barrier diodes or MOSFET parasitic diodes.
- the free wheeling diodes 3 and 4 may be silicon semiconductor elements or wide band gap semiconductor elements.
- the gate driving devices 5 and 6 drive the gates of the corresponding main switching elements 1 and 2 based on an input signal input from the outside.
- the input signal may control the main switching elements 1 and 2 by PWM control to output a substantially sinusoidal alternating current from the power supply output terminal 105.
- the input signal may be separately input to the main switching element 1 and the main switching element 2.
- the main switching element 2 is instructed to be turned on, and when it is low (OFF command signal), the main switching element 2 is turned off. Instruct to put into a state.
- the positive-side gate drive device 5 drives the gate of the main switching element 1
- the negative-side gate drive device 6 drives the gate of the main switching element 2. Since the gate driving devices 5 and 6 have the same configuration, the negative side gate driving device 6 will be described in the present embodiment, and the positive side gate driving device 5 will not be described.
- the gate drive device 6 includes a peak detection unit 61, a gate drive unit 62, a drive condition changing unit 63, a temperature sensor 64, and an enable unit 65.
- a peak detection unit 61 a gate drive unit 62
- a drive condition changing unit 63 a temperature sensor 64
- an enable unit 65 an enable unit 65.
- each unit of the gate drive device 6 will be described as an analog circuit.
- the temperature sensor 64 and the enable unit 65 may not necessarily be included in the gate drive device 6.
- the peak detection unit 61 detects that the voltage between main terminals applied between the main terminals of the main switching element 2 reaches a peak during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2. In the present embodiment, as an example, the peak detection unit 61 detects that the voltage Vds applied between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the main switching element 2 has a peak. The peak detection unit 61 supplies a flag signal for changing the gate drive condition of the main switching element 2 to the drive condition change unit 63 when detecting that the voltage V ds reaches a peak.
- the peak detection unit 61 has a voltage detection circuit 610, a low-pass filter 615, a differentiation processing unit 616, a comparator 617, and a detection unit 618.
- the voltage detection circuit 610 detects the voltage V ds .
- the voltage detection circuit 610 includes resistors 611 and 612 that divide the voltage V ds .
- the middle point of the resistors 611 and 612 is connected to the low-pass filter 615, and supplies the detected voltage to the low-pass filter 615.
- the detected voltage is a positive voltage when the potential of the drain terminal side is higher than that of the source terminal side.
- the low-pass filter 615 filters the voltage signal detected by the voltage detection circuit 610 so as to remove frequency components higher than a preset cutoff frequency.
- the cutoff frequency may be higher than the switching frequencies of the main switching elements 1 and 2.
- the low pass filter 615 supplies the filtered voltage signal to the differentiation processing unit 616.
- the differential processing unit 616 detects a value according to the rate of change of the voltage V ds as a parameter.
- the differentiating unit 616 may be a differentiating circuit, and may be, for example, a passive differentiating circuit (also referred to as an RC circuit) including a resistor and a capacitor, or an active differentiating circuit including an operational amplifier, a resistor and a capacitor.
- the differential processing unit 616 supplies the detected parameter to the comparator 617.
- the comparator 617 compares the parameter detected by the differentiation processing unit 616 with a reference value, and supplies a comparison signal indicating the comparison result to the detection unit 618.
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 617 is input with the voltage indicating the parameter detected by the differentiation processing unit 616, and the inverting input terminal is input with the voltage indicating the reference value.
- the reference value may be a value indicating that the rate of change of the voltage V ds is the reference rate of change (zero in this embodiment as an example). Since the reference rate of change is zero, the comparison signal indicates that the positive and negative polarities of the parameter are inverted, that is, the voltage Vds has the maximum or minimum peak.
- the detection unit 618 detects that the voltage V ds has a peak based on the comparison result of the comparator 617. For example, the detection unit 618 may detect that the voltage V ds has a peak in response to the rising or falling of the comparison signal.
- the detection unit 618 supplies a signal (also referred to as a flag signal) that becomes a high level to the drive condition changing unit 63 in response to detecting that the voltage V ds reaches a peak.
- the gate driving unit 62 drives the gate of the main switching element 2 based on the turn-on signal and the turn-off signal included in the input signal from the outside.
- the gate drive unit 62 has a first switching element 621, a second switching element 622, and a power supply 623.
- the first switching element 621 and the second switching element 622 are connected in series.
- the first switching element 621 and the second switching element 622 supply a gate drive signal (ON command signal/OFF command signal) for instructing ON/OFF to the gate terminal of the main switching element 2.
- the first switching element 621 is connected between the first potential (20 V as an example) higher than the reference potential of the negative power supply line 102 and the gate terminal of the main switching element 2. Accordingly, when the first switching element 621 is turned on, the gate drive signal for driving the gate of the main switching element 2 becomes high, and the main switching element 2 is turned on.
- the first switching element 621 is a P-type MOSFET, the source terminal is connected to the first potential side, the drain terminal is connected to the gate terminal side of the main switching element 2, and the input signal is A gate terminal is connected to the input terminal side of. As a result, the first switching element 621 is turned on when the input signal goes high.
- the second switching element 622 is connected between the second potential lower than the reference potential (-5 V as an example) and the gate terminal of the main switching element 2. As a result, when the second switching element 622 is turned on, the gate drive signal becomes low, and the main switching element 2 is turned off.
- the second switching element 622 is an N-type MOSFET, the source terminal is connected to the second potential side, the drain terminal is connected to the gate terminal side of the main switching element 2, and the input signal is A gate terminal is connected to the input terminal side of. As a result, the second switching element 622 is turned on when the input signal goes low.
- the first switching element 621 and the second switching element 622 are not limited to MOSFETs, but may be semiconductor elements of other structures such as bipolar transistors.
- the power supply 623 supplies a DC voltage to the series circuit of the first switching element 621 and the second switching element 622.
- the power supply 623 sets the first switching element 621 side to the first potential and the second switching element 622 side to the second potential.
- the power supply 623 may not be provided as long as the source terminal of the first switching element 621 is connected to the first potential side and the source terminal of the second switching element 622 is connected to the second potential side. ..
- the drive condition changing unit 63 changes the drive condition so as to increase the changing speed of the gate voltage of the main switching element 2 by the gate driving unit 62 in response to the detection of the peak of the voltage V ds .
- the drive condition changing unit 63 has a gate resistor 630 and a connection switching unit 631.
- the gate resistance 630 has two gate resistances 6301 and 6302 having different resistance values.
- the resistance value of the gate resistor 6301 may be larger than the resistance value of the gate resistor 6302.
- the gate resistors 6301 and 6302 each have one end connected to the gate of the main switching element 2 and the other end connected to the connection switching unit 631.
- the gate resistor 630 may have another configuration as long as the resistance value can be changed during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2.
- the gate resistors 6301 and 6302 may be connected in parallel between the second switching element 622 and the power supply 623.
- the connection switching unit 631 selectively electrically connects either one of the two gate resistors 6301 and 6302 to the gate.
- the connection switching unit 631 may electrically connect the other end (the end on the opposite side to the gate side) of the gate resistors 6301 and 6302 to the gate drive unit 62 according to the flag signal. For example, the connection switching unit 631, if that is the voltage V ds becomes the peak is not detected, i.e. than if the flag signal is at a low level, if that is the voltage V ds becomes the peak is detected, i.e. flag When the signal is at high level, switching may be performed so that the resistance value of the gate resistor 630 connected to the gate is reduced.
- connection switching unit 631 connects the gate resistor 6301 having a large resistance value to the gate when the high level flag signal is not received from the detection unit 618 during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2. to continue. Further, when the connection switching unit 631 receives a high-level flag signal from the detection unit 618 during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2, the connection switching unit 631 connects the gate resistor 6302 having a small resistance value to the gate. As a result, the rate of change of the gate voltage of the main switching element 2 increases in response to the detection of the peak of the voltage Vds .
- the temperature sensor 64 measures the temperature of the main switching element 2.
- the temperature sensor 64 may supply a current or voltage according to the measured temperature to the enable section 65.
- the enable unit 65 enables (enables) the peak detection unit 61 and the drive condition changing unit 63 in response to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 64 being higher than the reference temperature.
- the enable section 65 may supply an enable signal to the peak detection section 61 and the drive condition changing section 63 when the measured temperature is higher than the reference temperature.
- the reference temperature may be 125 degrees when the main switching element 2 is a silicon semiconductor element, and may be 175 degrees when the main switching element 2 is a wide band gap semiconductor element such as SiC.
- the peak detection unit 61 and the drive condition changing unit 63 may be maintained in the disabled state.
- the connection switching unit 631 of the drive condition changing unit 63 may electrically connect the gate resistor 6301 having a large resistance value to the main switching element 2.
- the change speed of the gate voltage of the main switching element 2 increases in response to the detection of the peak of the voltage V ds during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2. Turn-off is promptly completed after Vds peaks. Therefore, as compared with the case where the changing speed of the gate voltage does not increase, the time required for turn-off can be shortened and the turn-off loss can be reduced. Further, since the changing speed of the gate voltage increases after the peak of the voltage V ds , it is possible to prevent the peak voltage and eventually the surge voltage from increasing.
- the resistance value of the gate resistor 630 becomes smaller when the peak of the voltage V ds is detected than when it is not detected, so that the rate of change of the gate voltage is surely increased. be able to.
- either one of the two gate resistors 6301 and 6302 having different resistance values is selectively connected to the gate of the main switching element 2, it is detected that the voltage V ds has a peak value.
- the gate resistor 6302 having a small resistance value By connecting the gate resistor 6302 having a small resistance value to the gate, the rate of change of the gate voltage can be reliably increased.
- the voltage V ds is detected by the voltage detection circuit 610, and it is detected that the voltage V ds has a peak based on the result of comparison between the parameter according to the voltage V ds and the reference value. Therefore, the voltage V ds has a peak. It is possible to reliably detect that
- the value corresponding to the change rate of the voltage V ds is used as a parameter and compared with the reference value indicating that the change rate is zero, it is possible to reliably detect the peak of the voltage V ds. it can.
- the low-pass filter 615 is provided in the preceding stage of the differentiation processing unit 616, it is possible to reduce the influence of noise and reliably detect that the voltage V ds has a peak.
- the peak detection unit 61 and the drive condition changing unit 63 are enabled in response to the element temperature of the main switching element 2 being higher than the reference temperature, the turn-off loss is originally small due to the low element temperature, and the drive condition is changed.
- the operation of the peak detection unit 61 and the drive condition change unit 63 can be prevented when the effect of the above is small, and the life of the switching device 100 can be extended.
- FIG. 2 shows the operation of the switching device 100.
- the switching device 100 changes the driving condition by performing the processes of steps S101 to S111 during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2.
- step S101 the voltage detection circuit 610 detects the voltage V ds applied between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the main switching element 2.
- step S103 the low-pass filter 615 filters the detected voltage signal to remove high frequency components.
- the differentiation processing unit 616 detects a value corresponding to the rate of change of the voltage V ds as a parameter.
- the differential processing unit 616 detects the rate of change dV ds /dt of the voltage V ds as a parameter, but uses a value obtained by performing an operation such as addition/subtraction, multiplication, or division on dV ds /dt as a parameter. It may be detected.
- step S107 the comparator 617 compares the parameter detected by the differentiation processing unit 616 with the reference value.
- the comparator 617 compares a parameter that is the rate of change dV ds /dt of the voltage V ds with zero.
- the processes of steps S101 to S107 described above may be continuously performed until the peak of the voltage V ds is detected in step S109 described later.
- the detection unit 618 detects that the voltage V ds has a peak based on the comparison result by the comparator 617.
- the detection unit 618 detects that the voltage Vds has a peak in response to the fall of the comparison signal, and outputs a high-level flag signal.
- the detector 618 may maintain the flag signal at a high level at least until the current between the drain and the source of the main switching element 2 is cut off after the peak of the voltage V ds is detected.
- the detection unit 618 may maintain the flag signal at a high level at least until the voltage V ds reaches the DC voltage Ed after the voltage V ds reaches the peak.
- the detection unit 618 may switch the flag signal to the low level before the main switching element 2 is turned off next time. As an example, the detection unit 618 determines that the voltage V ds has decreased from the peak voltage and reached the DC voltage Ed, or a reference time from that time (as an example, half the switching period of the main switching elements 1 and 2). The flag signal may be switched to the low level at the time when has passed. Instead of this, the detection unit 618 may switch the flag signal to the low level when the flag signal is continuously at the high level over the reference time.
- the driving condition changing unit 63 increases the changing speed of the gate voltage of the main switching element 2 by the gate driving unit 62.
- the drive condition changing unit 63 switches the connection target to the gate from the gate resistance 6301 having a large resistance value to the gate resistance 6302 having a small resistance value.
- the flag signal is maintained at the high level at least until the current between the drain and the source of the main switching element 2 is cut off after the peak of the voltage V ds is detected.
- the driving condition changing unit 63 may connect the gate resistor 6302 to the gate at least until the current between the drain and the source of the main switching element 2 is cut off.
- the drive condition changing unit 63 may switch the connection target to the gate from the gate resistance 6302 to the gate resistance 6301 by the time the main switching element 2 is turned off next time.
- the gate resistance 6302 is connected to the gate until at least the current between the drain and the source is cut off after the peak of the voltage V ds is detected, or until the voltage V ds becomes the DC voltage Ed. Therefore, the time required for turn-off can be surely shortened as compared with the case where the gate resistor 6301 is connected to the gate during the turn-off.
- FIG. 3 shows operation waveforms when the main switching element 2 is turned off.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the input signal of the main switching element 2, the gate-source voltage V gs , the drain-source voltage V ds , the drain current Id, and the like.
- the gate drive signal from the gate drive unit 62 becomes low at time t1 and the negative gate current Ig (that is, the negative gate current Ig).
- the negative gate current Ig that is, the negative gate current Ig.
- a current that flows from the gate of the main switching element 2 to the ground (not shown) of the gate driving device 6 via the second switching element 622 begins to flow.
- a gate drive signal for instructing turn-off is output from the gate drive unit 62, and injection of gate charges in the reverse bias direction is started in the main switching element 2.
- the gate input capacitance Cgs of the main switching element 2 is charged in the reverse bias direction, and the gate-source voltage Vgs decreases.
- the drain-source voltage Vds of the main switching element 1 facing the main switching element 2 decreases, and a discharge current flows from the parasitic capacitance Cds of the main switching element 2, so that the drain current Id of the main switching element 2 decreases.
- the voltage VL corresponding to the current change rate is applied to the main switching element 2.
- the mirror period ends in the main switching element 2, and the drain current Id sharply decreases (becomes zero at time t5).
- the voltage applied to the wiring inductance of the positive power supply line 101 instantaneously increases, and the drain-source voltage Vds of the main switching element 2 increases to the peak voltage Vp (time point t4).
- the drain-source voltage Vds decreases and becomes the DC voltage Ed at time t5, and the gate-source voltage Vgs falls below the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) .
- the charging of the gate input capacitance Cgs of the main switching element 2 is completed, and the turn-off of the main switching element 2 is completed.
- the turn-off loss Eoff conceptually shown by the hatched area of diagonal lines and dots occurs.
- the differentiation processing unit 616 detects a parameter indicating that the rate of change is a positive value. Further, the comparator 617 outputs a high-level comparison signal indicating that the parameter is larger than the reference value (in this operation example, a value indicating that the rate of change is zero).
- the differential processing unit 616 detects that the parameter is smaller than the reference value (in the present operation example, a value indicating that the rate of change is zero).
- the detection unit 618 detects that the voltage V ds has reached a peak in response to the fall of the comparison signal, and the flag signal for changing the gate drive condition rises.
- the driving condition changing unit 63 reduces the resistance value of the gate resistor 630, the changing speed of the gate source voltage V gs increases, and the falling edge becomes steeper than the operation waveform of the comparative example. Therefore, in the present operation example, unlike the comparative example, the drain-source voltage Vds becomes the DC voltage Ed at the time point t10 prior to the time point t5, and the gate-source voltage Vgs falls below the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) .
- the changing speed of the gate-source voltage V gs increases and the falling edge becomes steeper than the operation waveform of the comparative example. Is shortened from the period of time t1 to t5 to the period of time t1 to t10. Therefore, the turn-off loss Eoff conceptually shown by the hatched area in the drawing is reduced as compared with the comparative example. Moreover, since the changing speed of the gate voltage increases after the peak of the voltage V ds , the peak voltage and eventually the surge voltage are prevented from increasing.
- FIG. 4 shows a switching device 100A according to a modification.
- the switching device 100A includes a peak detector 61A.
- the peak detection unit 61A has a comparator 617A.
- the comparator 617A has a parameter corresponding to the voltage V ds, it is compared with a reference value indicating that the voltage V ds is the peak voltage Vp.
- the voltage V ds is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 617A, and the voltage indicating the reference value is input to the inverting input terminal.
- the voltage V ds used to compare each as a reference value a value indicating the voltage V ds is the peak voltage Vp reaches a peak Since this is detected, it is possible to reliably detect that the voltage Vds has a peak. Further, the configuration can be simplified as compared with the case where the differential processing unit 616 is used.
- the low-pass filter 615 is provided before the differentiation processing unit 616, but after the differentiation processing unit 616, the low-pass filter 615 is provided between the differentiation processing unit 616 and the comparator 617. ) May be provided. Also in this case, the influence of noise can be reduced and the peak of the voltage V ds can be reliably detected.
- the reference value used in the comparator 617 has been described as a value indicating that the change rate of the voltage V ds is zero, it may be a value indicating that the change rate is a negative reference change rate. In this case, since the voltage V ds falls steeply than the reference rate of change is detected, smaller local maximum than gradual peak voltage Vp is the voltage V ds before the peak voltage Vp due to the effects of noise It is possible to prevent the peak from being erroneously detected when the value becomes a value.
- reference value reference change rate of change rate is a positive voltage V ds may be a value indicating the ..
- V ds the voltage V ds rate of change when increasing moderately peak voltage Vp vicinity
- reference value reference change rate of change rate is a positive voltage V ds
- V ds may be a value indicating the ..
- the reference value used in the comparator 617A has been described as a value indicating that the voltage V ds is the peak voltage Vp, it may be a value smaller than the peak voltage Vp.
- the drive condition changing unit 63 than when that voltage V ds becomes the peak is not detected, in case where the voltage V ds becomes the peak is detected, the gate resistor 630 connected to the gate It has been described that the resistance value is reduced. Additionally / place of, the drive condition changing unit 63, than when that voltage V ds becomes the peak is not detected, in case where the voltage V ds becomes the peak is detected, the main switching element The gate current of 2 may be increased. Also in this case, the changing speed of the gate voltage can be increased during the turn-off period of the main switching element 2.
- switching devices 100 and 200 have been described as including a set of the positive side main switching element 1 and the driving device 5 and a set of the negative side main switching element 2 and the driving device 6, but either one set. It may be provided with only.
- each unit of the gate drive device 6 has been described as an analog circuit, at least one of the low pass filter 615, the differentiation processing unit 616, the detection unit 618, and the enable unit 65 may be a digital circuit.
- the main switching element 1 on the positive side and the main switching element 2 on the negative side were described as one element, but two or more switching elements connected in parallel may be used.
- the driving device 5 (or 6) may be separately provided for each of the positive side (or negative side) two or more switching elements, or may be provided for the positive side (or negative side) two or more switching elements. Alternatively, they may be collectively provided.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1 特許第6290118号明細書
特許文献2 特許第6266478号明細書
特許文献3 特許第4935266号明細書
スイッチング素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子であってよい。
図1は、本実施形態に係るスイッチング装置100を示す。なお、図中、白抜きの矢印記号は電圧を示す。
主スイッチング素子1、2は、それぞれスイッチング素子の一例であり、ドレイン端子およびソース端子の間を電気的に接続または切断する。例えば、主スイッチング素子1、2は、後述のゲート駆動装置5、6によってオン(接続とも称する)/オフ(切断とも称する)を切り換える。ここで、本実施形態では一例として、主スイッチング素子1、2は負側電源線102および正側電源線101の間に直列に順次接続され、電力変換装置における上アームおよび下アームを構成している。主スイッチング素子1、2の中点には電源出力端子105が接続される。
還流ダイオード3、4は、主スイッチング素子1、2に逆並列に接続される。還流ダイオード3、4は、ショットキーバリアダイオードでもよいし、MOSFETの寄生ダイオードでもよい。還流ダイオード3、4は、シリコン半導体素子でもよいし、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子でもよい。
ゲート駆動装置5、6は、外部から入力される入力信号に基づいて、対応する主スイッチング素子1、2のゲートを駆動する。入力信号は、PWM制御により主スイッチング素子1、2を制御して、電源出力端子105から概ね正弦波の交流電流を出力させてよい。入力信号は主スイッチング素子1と、主スイッチング素子2とに対して別々に入力されてよい。なお、本実施形態では一例として、入力信号はハイ(オン指令信号)の場合に主スイッチング素子2をオン状態にすることを指示し、ロー(オフ指令信号)の場合に主スイッチング素子2をオフ状態にすることを指示する。
ピーク検出部61は、主スイッチング素子2のターンオフ期間中に主スイッチング素子2の主端子間に加わる主端子間電圧がピークとなることを検出する。本実施形態においては一例として、ピーク検出部61は、主スイッチング素子2のドレイン端子およびソース端子の間に加わる電圧Vdsがピークとなることを検出する。ピーク検出部61は、電圧Vdsがピークとなることを検出した場合に、主スイッチング素子2のゲート駆動条件を変更するためのフラグ信号を駆動条件変更部63に供給する。ピーク検出部61は、電圧検出回路610と、ローパスフィルタ615と、微分処理部616と、コンパレータ617と、検出部618とを有する。
電圧検出回路610は、電圧Vdsを検出する。例えば、電圧検出回路610は、電圧Vdsを分圧する抵抗611、612を有する。抵抗611、612の中点はローパスフィルタ615に接続されており、検出される電圧をローパスフィルタ615に供給する。なお、本実施形態では、検出電圧はソース端子側よりもドレイン端子側の電位が高い場合の電圧を正電圧とする。
ローパスフィルタ615は、電圧検出回路610により検出された電圧信号から、予め設定された遮断周波数より高い周波数成分を除去するようフィルタリングを行う。遮断周波数は主スイッチング素子1,2のスイッチング周波数よりも大きくてよい。ローパスフィルタ615はフィルタリングされた電圧信号を微分処理部616に供給する。
微分処理部616は、電圧Vdsの変化率に応じた値をパラメータとして検出する。微分処理部616は微分回路でよく、一例として抵抗およびコンデンサを含む受動型の微分回路(RC回路とも称する)でもよいし、オペアンプ、抵抗およびコンデンサを含む能動型の微分回路でもよい。微分処理部616は、検出したパラメータをコンパレータ617に供給する。
コンパレータ617は、微分処理部616で検出されたパラメータを基準値と比較し、比較結果を示す比較信号を検出部618に供給する。本実施形態では一例として、コンパレータ617の非反転入力端子には、微分処理部616により検出されたパラメータを示す電圧が入力され、反転入力端子には、基準値を示す電圧が入力される。基準値は、電圧Vdsの変化率が基準変化率(本実施形態では一例としてゼロ)であることを示す値であってよい。基準変化率がゼロであることにより、パラメータの正負の極性が反転したこと、つまり、電圧Vdsが最大または最小のピークとなったことが比較信号で示される。
検出部618は、コンパレータ617による比較結果に基づいて電圧Vdsがピークとなることを検出する。例えば、検出部618は、比較信号が立ち上がったこと、または、立ち下がったことに応じて、電圧Vdsがピークとなることを検出してよい。検出部618は、電圧Vdsがピークとなることを検出したことに応じてハイレベルとなる信号(フラグ信号とも称する)を駆動条件変更部63に供給する。
ゲート駆動部62は、外部からの入力信号に含まれるターンオン信号およびターンオフ信号に基づいて、主スイッチング素子2のゲートを駆動する。ゲート駆動部62は、第1スイッチング素子621、第2スイッチング素子622および電源623を有する。
駆動条件変更部63は、電圧Vdsがピークとなることが検出されたことに応じて、ゲート駆動部62による主スイッチング素子2のゲート電圧の変化速度を増加させるよう駆動条件を変更する。駆動条件変更部63は、ゲート抵抗630と、接続切替部631とを有する。
温度センサ64は、主スイッチング素子2の温度を測定する。温度センサ64は、測定温度に応じた電流または電圧をイネーブル部65に供給してよい。
イネーブル部65は、温度センサ64による測定温度が基準温度より高いことに応じてピーク検出部61および駆動条件変更部63を有効にする(イネーブルする)。イネーブル部65は、測定温度が基準温度より高い場合にピーク検出部61および駆動条件変更部63にイネーブル信号を供給してよい。基準温度は、主スイッチング素子2がシリコン半導体素子である場合には125度であってよく、主スイッチング素子2がSiCなどのワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子である場合には175度であってよい。なお、測定温度が基準温度以下である場合にはピーク検出部61および駆動条件変更部63はディセーブル状態に維持されてよい。この場合、駆動条件変更部63の接続切替部631は、抵抗値が大きいゲート抵抗6301を主スイッチング素子2に電気的に接続してよい。
図2は、スイッチング装置100の動作を示す。スイッチング装置100は、主スイッチング素子2のターンオフ期間にステップS101~S111の処理を行うことにより駆動条件を変更する。
図3は、主スイッチング素子2をターンオフする場合の動作波形を示す。なお、図中の横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は主スイッチング素子2の入力信号、ゲートソース間電圧Vgs、ドレインソース間電圧Vds、ドレイン電流Idなどを示す。
まず、本実施形態の比較例のスイッチング装置によるターンオフ時の動作波形について説明する。比較例のスイッチング装置はピーク検出部61や駆動条件変更部63を有しておらず、ターンオフ期間中にゲート電圧の変化速度を変更しない。なお、本比較例のスイッチング装置による動作波形は図中に破線で示されており、後述のスイッチング装置100による実線の動作波形と一部において重なっている。
続いて、本実施形態のスイッチング装置100によるターンオフ時の動作波形について説明する。なお、スイッチング装置100による動作波形は実線で図示されている。比較例と同様の動作波形の部分については説明を省略する。
図4は、変形例に係るスイッチング装置100Aを示す。スイッチング装置100Aは、ピーク検出部61Aを備える。
なお、上記の実施形態および変形例においては、微分処理部616の前段にローパスフィルタ615が設けられることとして説明したが、微分処理部616の後段(一例として微分処理部616とコンパレータ617との間)に設けられてもよい。この場合にも、ノイズの影響を低減して、電圧Vdsがピークとなることを確実に検出することができる。
Claims (11)
- スイッチング素子のゲートを駆動するゲート駆動部と、
前記スイッチング素子のターンオフ期間中に前記スイッチング素子の主端子間に加わる主端子間電圧がピークとなることを検出するピーク検出部と、
前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出されたことに応じて、前記ゲート駆動部による前記スイッチング素子のゲート電圧の変化速度を増加させる駆動条件変更部と
を備えるゲート駆動装置。 - 前記ピーク検出部は、
前記主端子間電圧を検出する電圧検出回路と、
前記主端子間電圧に応じたパラメータを基準値と比較するコンパレータと
前記コンパレータによる比較結果に基づいて前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることを検出する検出部と、
を有する、請求項1に記載のゲート駆動装置。 - 前記ピーク検出部は、前記主端子間電圧の変化率に応じた値を前記パラメータとして検出する微分処理部をさらに有し、
前記コンパレータは、前記パラメータを、前記変化率がゼロ以下の基準変化率であることを示す前記基準値と比較する、請求項2に記載のゲート駆動装置。 - 前記ピーク検出部は、
前記微分処理部の前段または後段にローパスフィルタをさらに有する、請求項3に記載のゲート駆動装置。 - 前記コンパレータは、前記パラメータを、前記主端子間電圧がピークであることを示す前記基準値と比較する、請求項2に記載のゲート駆動装置。
- 前記駆動条件変更部は、前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出されていない場合よりも、前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出された場合で、前記ゲートに接続されるゲート抵抗の抵抗値を小さくする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のゲート駆動装置。
- 前記駆動条件変更部は、
前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出されてから、少なくとも前記スイッチング素子の前記主端子間の電流が遮断されるまで、または、前記主端子間に印加される直流電圧に前記主端子間電圧がなるまで、前記ゲートに接続されるゲート抵抗の抵抗値を小さくする、請求項6に記載のゲート駆動装置。 - 前記駆動条件変更部は、前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出されていない場合よりも、前記主端子間電圧がピークとなることが検出された場合で、前記スイッチング素子のゲート電流を大きくする、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のゲート駆動装置。
- 前記スイッチング素子の温度を測定する温度センサと、
前記温度が基準温度より高いことに応じて前記ピーク検出部および前記駆動条件変更部を有効にするイネーブル部と、
をさらに備える、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のゲート駆動装置。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のゲート駆動装置と、
前記ゲート駆動装置によってゲートが駆動される前記スイッチング素子と、
を備えるスイッチング装置。 - 前記スイッチング素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体素子である請求項10に記載のスイッチング装置。
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| US20180069544A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-08 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Switch Device |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022048884A (ja) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-28 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
| JP7581720B2 (ja) | 2020-09-15 | 2024-11-13 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
| CN113054972A (zh) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | 提高开通性能的碳化硅mosfet驱动电路及控制方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7040644B2 (ja) | 2022-03-23 |
| JPWO2020144951A1 (ja) | 2021-09-09 |
| US20210152171A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
| US11196336B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
| DE112019003400T5 (de) | 2021-03-25 |
| CN112534694A (zh) | 2021-03-19 |
| CN112534694B (zh) | 2025-02-07 |
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