WO2020140430A1 - 制动装置、转向架及车辆 - Google Patents

制动装置、转向架及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140430A1
WO2020140430A1 PCT/CN2019/098691 CN2019098691W WO2020140430A1 WO 2020140430 A1 WO2020140430 A1 WO 2020140430A1 CN 2019098691 W CN2019098691 W CN 2019098691W WO 2020140430 A1 WO2020140430 A1 WO 2020140430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
braking
brake beam
brake shoe
braking device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/098691
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
穆凤军
刘新强
李立东
王春林
周国东
甄亚林
Original Assignee
中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority to RU2020134737A priority Critical patent/RU2752574C1/ru
Publication of WO2020140430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140430A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H1/00—Applications or arrangements of brakes with a braking member or members co-operating with the periphery of the wheel rim, a drum, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H7/00—Brakes with braking members co-operating with the track

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicles, and in particular, to a brake device, a bogie, and a vehicle.
  • variable gauge bogies is the best solution to the problem of international intermodal transportation between different gauges.
  • the brake beam is part of the basic braking device for railway freight car bogies.
  • the important components of vehicle braking need to be changed according to the gauge change of the bogie.
  • the current position of the brake beam brake bracket on the brake beam frame is fixed, which cannot meet the needs of rapid gauge change.
  • the brake shoe bracket in the prior art is sleeved on the end of the brake beam frame, and at least two brake shoe bracket fixing holes are provided on both sides of the brake beam frame, and the fastener fixes the brake shoe bracket through one of the fixing holes ,
  • the brake shoe bracket can slide along the brake beam frame, each side of the brake beam frame is provided with two stopper parts, the two stopper parts are set at a set distance, and the brake shoe bracket is aligned with one of the stopper parts The position is limited, and the brake shoe bracket is used to fix the brake shoe.
  • the ground facilities or the structure of the vehicle itself cannot be used to automatically change the gauge, and the brake shoe bracket needs to be manually slid and fixed.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a brake device, a bogie, and a vehicle to solve the problem that the brake shoe bracket of the brake device in the prior art cannot move automatically according to the change in gauge.
  • a braking device including: a brake beam; a brake portion, the brake portion is provided on the brake beam, the brake portion is provided for accommodating The accommodating space of the wheel body; wherein, the position of the braking portion is adjustably provided on the brake beam, so that when the wheel body moves, the braking portion moves relative to the brake beam under the drive of the wheel body.
  • the brake beam is provided with a first limit part
  • the brake part is provided with a second limit part for cooperating with the first limit part; wherein, when the wheel body drives the brake part to move, the first One limiting part is separated from the second limiting part.
  • first limiting portion is a limiting groove
  • second limiting portion is a limiting protrusion
  • the limiting protrusion is disposed in the limiting groove; wherein, when the wheel body drives the braking portion to move, the limiting protrusion From the limit slot.
  • the plurality of limit grooves are arranged on the brake beam at intervals along the moving direction of the braking part, so that after the braking part moves a preset distance, the limiting protrusions can be stuck at In the limit slot opposite to it.
  • At least two limiting protrusions there are at least two limiting protrusions, at least two limiting protrusions are arranged at intervals, and the spacing between two adjacent limiting protrusions is equal to the spacing between two adjacent limiting grooves;
  • the number of bit slots is at least one more than the number of limit protrusions.
  • the braking part includes: a brake shoe holder, which is movably arranged on the brake beam; a shifter, which is arranged on the brake shoe holder, and the shifter has an accommodating space to allow the wheel body to pass through the shifter
  • the brake shoe bracket moves along the brake beam.
  • the brake shoe holder is connected to the shifter by welding, snapping, bonding or by fasteners.
  • brake shoe bracket and the shifter are integrally formed.
  • the brake shoe holder is provided with an accommodating hole, and the brake beam passes through the accommodating hole; or, the brake shoe holder is provided with an accommodating groove, the brake beam is provided in the accommodating groove, and the braking part further includes a locking bolt The locking bolt is arranged on the brake shoe bracket and is in contact with the brake beam to restrict the brake beam from disengaging from the slot of the receiving slot.
  • the braking part further includes: a stopper plate, which is provided on the brake shoe bracket and is located between the brake shoe bracket and the brake beam; wherein, the stopper plate is movably disposed relative to the brake beam, to The stopper plate is provided with a first state in contact with the brake beam limit and a second state moved relative to the brake beam.
  • the stopper piece is an elastic structure, the stopper piece is provided with a limit protrusion, and the brake beam is provided with a limit groove matching the limit protrusion; wherein, when the stopper piece is in the first state, the limit The position protrusion is arranged in the limit groove; when the stop piece is in the second state, the wheel body drives the stop piece to move through the brake shoe holder, and the limit protrusion is separated from the limit groove.
  • the brake shoe bracket is provided with an installation slot, and the stopper piece is covered on the slot of the installation slot, so that when the stopper piece is deformed, the installation slot is used to avoid the stopper piece.
  • both ends of the stopper piece are provided with notches, and the brake shoe holder is provided with a protrusion block matched with the notch, and the protrusion block is provided in the notch to restrict the stopper piece from escaping from the brake shoe holder.
  • the braking part further includes: a first wear plate, the first wear plate is arranged on the shifter, the first wear plates are arranged in pairs, the two first wear plates in pairs are arranged oppositely, the wheel body It is used to be arranged between two first wear plates facing each other, so that the shifter contacts the wheel body through the first wear plates.
  • the braking device further includes a buffer assembly.
  • the buffer assemblies are provided in pairs.
  • the two buffer assemblies in pairs are respectively provided at both ends of the brake beam.
  • the buffer assemblies are used to contact the side frame of the bogie to When the brake beam shifts in position, the two buffer assemblies in pairs drive the brake beam to return to the preset position.
  • the brake beam is provided with a mounting hole
  • the buffer assembly includes: a second wear plate, a guide post is provided on the second wear plate, the guide post is provided in the installation hole, and the second wear plate is used Contact with the side frame; spring, the spring is sleeved on the guide post, one end of the spring is in contact with the second wear plate, and both ends of the spring are in contact with the brake beam.
  • the spring When the brake beam is displaced, the spring The driving brake beam moves relative to the second wear plate.
  • a bogie including a braking device, the braking device being the aforementioned braking device.
  • a vehicle including a bogie and a wheel body
  • the bogie is the above-mentioned bogie
  • the braking portions are provided in pairs
  • the wheel bodies are provided in pairs
  • the two wheels are provided in pairs
  • the body and the two braking portions provided in pairs are provided corresponding to each other, and the distance between the two wheel bodies provided in pairs is variably provided.
  • the braking device of the present invention adjusts the position of the braking part on the brake beam, so that when the gauge changes, the wheel body moves relative to the rotating shaft, at this time the wheel body can drive the braking part relative to the braking
  • the beam moves, thereby realizing the automatic adjustment of the position of the braking part as the gauge changes, and solves the problem that the brake shoe bracket of the brake device in the prior art cannot automatically move according to the gauge change.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of the braking portion of the braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a braking portion of a braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view from a first perspective of the partial structure of the first embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural view from a second perspective of the partial structure of the first embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows an exploded schematic view of the partial structure of the braking device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial structural diagram of a second embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention.
  • the braking device includes: a brake beam 60; a brake portion 70, the brake portion 70 is provided on the brake beam 60, the brake portion 70 An accommodating space 77 for accommodating the wheel body is provided; wherein, the position of the braking portion 70 is adjustably provided on the brake beam 60, so that when the wheel body moves, the braking portion 70 is driven by the wheel body relative to the braking The beam 60 moves.
  • the braking device of the present invention adjusts the position of the braking portion 70 on the brake beam 60, so that when the gauge changes, the wheel body moves relative to the rotating shaft, at this time the wheel body can drive the braking portion 70 relative As the brake beam 60 moves, the position adjustment of the brake portion 70 with the gauge change is realized, which solves the problem that the brake shoe of the brake device in the prior art cannot move automatically according to the gauge change.
  • the wheel bodies are located in the accommodating space 77 and are separated from each other.
  • the wheel body moves, the wheel body contacts the braking portion 70, thereby driving the braking portion 70 relative to the braking The beam 60 moves.
  • the brake beam 60 is provided with a first limit portion
  • the brake portion 70 is provided with a first limit portion A second limiting portion that cooperates; wherein, when the wheel body drives the braking portion 70 to move, the first limiting portion is separated from the second limiting portion.
  • the first limit portion and the second limit portion cooperate, and the brake beam 60 and the brake portion 70 are relatively fixed at this time .
  • the wheel body moves axially, a track gauge change occurs.
  • the wheel body drives the braking portion 70 to move the first limiting portion away from the second limiting portion.
  • the first limiting portion is a limiting groove and the second limiting portion is a limiting protrusion; or, the first limiting portion is a limiting protrusion and the second limiting portion is a limiting groove.
  • the first limiting portion is a limiting groove 61
  • the second limiting portion is a limiting protrusion 71
  • the limiting protrusion 71 is disposed in the limiting groove 61; wherein, when the wheel body drives the braking portion 70 to move At this time, the limiting protrusion 71 is separated from the limiting groove 61.
  • the plurality of limiting grooves 61 are arranged on the brake beam 60 at intervals along the moving direction of the braking portion 70, so that after the braking portion 70 moves a preset distance, the limiting convex
  • the bracket 71 can be locked in the limiting groove 61 opposite to it.
  • the spacing between two adjacent limiting protrusions 71 is equal to the spacing between two adjacent limiting grooves 61 ;
  • the number of the limiting groove 61 is at least one more than the number of the limiting protrusion 71.
  • the two limit slots 61 are directly adjusted according to the actual time track change distance, that is, after the brake 70 is moved by a preset distance, the limit protrusion 71 can still be set in the next limit slot 61 Inside.
  • the braking portion 70 includes: a brake shoe holder 72, which is movably disposed on the brake beam 60; a shifter 73, the shifter 73 is disposed at On the brake shoe holder 72, the shifter 73 has an accommodating space 77, so that the wheel body drives the brake shoe holder 72 to move along the brake beam 60 through the shifter 73.
  • the braking portion 70 is composed of a brake shoe holder 72 and a shifter 73, wherein the brake shoe holder 72 is provided with a brake shoe for a brake wheel body.
  • the brake shoe holder 72 is used to contact the wheel body when the wheel body changes gauge.
  • the shifter 73 has a U-shaped structure, and the accommodating space 77 has a U-shaped opening.
  • the brake shoe holder 72 and the shifter 73 are welded, snapped, bonded, or connected by fasteners.
  • the brake shoe holder 72 and the shifter 73 are integrally formed.
  • the brake shoe bracket 72 is provided with an accommodating hole, and the brake beam 60 passes through the accommodating hole; or, the brake shoe bracket 72 is provided with an accommodating groove to brake
  • the beam 60 is disposed in the accommodating groove
  • the braking portion 70 further includes a locking bolt 74 that is disposed on the brake shoe bracket 72 and contacts the brake beam 60 to restrict the brake beam 60 from the groove of the accommodating groove The mouth is free from the holding slot.
  • the brake shoe bracket 72 is provided with an accommodating hole, and the brake beam 60 is inserted into the accommodating hole.
  • the outer surface of the moving beam 60 is enclosed in the brake shoe holder 72.
  • the brake shoe bracket 72 is provided with a receiving groove, and the brake beam 60 is provided in the receiving groove.
  • the brake shoe bracket 72 is a U-shaped open slot.
  • a plurality of locking bolts 74 are provided.
  • the brake portion 70 further includes: a stopper 75, which is provided on the brake shoe holder 72 and located on the brake shoe holder 72 and the brake beam 60; wherein, the stopper plate 75 is movably disposed relative to the brake beam 60, so that the stopper plate 75 has a first state of limited contact with the brake beam 60 and relative to the brake The second state where the beam 60 moves.
  • the stopper plate 75 is provided between the brake shoe bracket 72 and the brake beam 60, so that the stopper plate 75 makes a limit contact with the brake beam.
  • the stopper plate 75 is disposed on the brake beam 60 between the brake shoe bracket 72 and the stopper plate 75, and the stopper plate 75 is movably disposed relative to the brake shoe bracket 72, so that the stopper plate 75 has a brake shoe The first state in which the bracket 72 limits contact and the second state moves relative to the brake shoe bracket 72.
  • the stopper piece 75 is an elastic structure, the stopper piece 75 is provided with a limit protrusion 71, and the brake beam 60 is provided with a limit groove 61 which cooperates with the limit protrusion 71; wherein, when the stopper piece When 75 is in the first state, the limit protrusion 71 is set in the limit groove 61; when the stopper 75 is in the second state, the wheel body drives the stopper 75 to move through the brake shoe 72, and the limit protrusion 71 ⁇ 61 ⁇ From the limit slot 61.
  • the stopper 75 can be selectively fixedly connected to the brake beam 60 or the brake shoe bracket 72, and accordingly, it is movably provided with the other one.
  • the brake shoe holder 72 is provided with a mounting groove 721, and the stopper piece 75 covers the notch of the mounting groove 721, so that when the stopper piece 75 is deformed, the mounting groove 721 is used to avoid the stopper piece 75.
  • both ends of the stop piece 75 are provided with notches 751, and the brake shoe holder 72 is provided with a protrusion block 722 that cooperates with the notch 751
  • the convex block 722 is disposed in the notch 751 to restrict the stopper piece 75 from disengaging from the brake shoe holder 72.
  • the four top corners of the brake shoe holder 72 are provided with protrusion blocks 722, and correspondingly, the first top corner of the stopper 75 is provided with a notch 751, and the protrusion block 722 is provided in the notch 751. In order to restrict the stopper 75 from disengaging from the brake shoe 72.
  • the braking portion 70 further includes: a first wear plate 76, the first wear plate 76 is disposed on the dial 73, and the first wear plates 76 are provided in pairs, in pairs The two first wear-resistant plates 76 are arranged oppositely, and the wheel body is used to be disposed between the two opposed first wear-resistant plates 76, so that the shifter 73 contacts the wheel body through the first wear-resistant plates 76.
  • the first wear plate 76 that is in contact with the wheel body can prevent the abrasion of the dial 73.
  • the braking device further includes: a buffer assembly 80, the buffer assembly 80 is provided in pairs, two pairs of buffer assemblies 80 are respectively provided at both ends of the brake beam 60, the buffer assembly 80 is used for the bogie
  • the side frames 140 are in contact so that when the brake beam 60 shifts in position, the pair of two buffer assemblies 80 drives the brake beam 60 to return to the preset position.
  • the buffer assembly 80 is provided to ensure that the brake beam 60 is always in a relatively fixed position. At this time, the relative position of the brake portion 70 and the wheel body can be ensured to be fixed, thereby not affecting normal use.
  • the brake beam 60 is provided with a mounting hole 62.
  • the buffer assembly 80 includes: a second wear plate 81, and a guide is provided on the second wear plate 81
  • the post 811 and the guide post 811 are arranged in the mounting hole 62, and the second wear plate 81 is used to contact the side frame 140; the spring 82 and the spring 82 are sleeved on the guide post 811, and one end of the spring 82 is connected to the second
  • the wear plates 81 abut, and both ends of the spring 82 abut the brake beam 60.
  • the spring 82 drives the brake beam 60 to move relative to the second wear plate 81.
  • the spring 82 can ensure the positional relationship between the brake beam 60 and the second wear plate 81, so that the brake beam 60 can be limited to a relatively fixed position.
  • a wear sleeve 83 is provided on a portion of the brake beam 60 close to the second wear plate 81.
  • the brake shoe holder 72 is fitted on the end of the brake beam frame (brake beam 60), and a brake 73 is provided on the brake shoe holder 72.
  • a brake 73 is provided on the brake shoe holder 72.
  • the mutual distance between the positioning dimples is set according to the amount of change in the gauge, and the shrapnel (stop The stopper 75) is provided with positioning protrusions (limiting protrusions 71) corresponding to the positioning recesses of the brake beam frame, and the lateral positioning of the tile is realized by the cooperation of the spring plate protrusions and the recesses at different positions of the beam frame.
  • a stop protruding block 722 is provided on the brake shoe holder 72 to form a stepped limit at the sliding connection of the brake shoe holder 72 and the brake beam to ensure that the shrapnel cannot escape.
  • a brake beam elastic centering device (buffer assembly 80) is provided at the end of the brake beam.
  • the device consists of a hole in the brake beam 60 (mounting hole 62), a spring 82, and abrasion with a guide post
  • the plate (second wear plate 81) is composed of a guide column on the wear plate to control the movement direction of the wear plate, and a spring provides elastic force to maintain the brake beam at the middle position between the two sides of the bogie and restrict the vehicle
  • the relative position of the wheel and the shifter 73 during operation ensures the effect of changing the gauge of the brake beam.
  • a wear plate is added at the contact area of the dial 73 and the wheel.
  • the wear plate and the dial 73 are connected by means of interference fit or welding of countersunk bolts to reduce the wear of the dial 73.
  • the brake shoe holder and the brake shoe holder are of an integrated casting structure; the brake shoe holder and the brake shoe holder are welded and integrated.
  • the opening on the back side of the connection between the brake shoe bracket and the brake beam frame is plug-in assembled on the brake beam frame, and a limit is formed on the outside by bolts, etc. to prevent it from coming out;
  • a brake shoe bracket is provided on the brake shoe bracket to provide The force of the brake shoe sliding along the lateral direction of the brake beam frame when the brake beam changes gauge; the spring shrapnel and the recess are used to position the brake shoe frame and the brake beam frame; the metal or non-metal wear resistance is set on the shifter board.
  • the invention also provides a bogie including a braking device, the braking device is the above-mentioned braking device.
  • the invention also provides a vehicle including a bogie and a wheel body.
  • the bogie is the above-mentioned bogie.
  • the braking portion 70 is provided in pairs, the wheel bodies are provided in pairs, the two wheel bodies provided in pairs are provided in pairs.
  • the two braking portions 70 are provided correspondingly one by one, and the distance between the two wheel bodies provided in pairs is variably set.
  • the railway freight car equipped with the braking device of the present invention runs on different gauge lines, it can realize the automatic change of gauge of the brake beam as the gauge of the wheelset changes, ensuring the adaptation of the brake system to different gauges To avoid the use of flipping or replacing the bogie to achieve the continuous transportation of goods, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and reducing the transportation cost of goods.
  • the braking device of the present invention adjusts the position of the braking portion 70 on the brake beam 60, so that when the gauge changes, the wheel body moves relative to the rotating shaft, at this time the wheel body can drive the braking portion 70 relative As the brake beam 60 moves, the position adjustment of the brake portion 70 with the gauge change is realized, which solves the problem that the brake shoe of the brake device in the prior art cannot move automatically according to the gauge change.
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “above”, “above”, etc. can be used here to describe as shown in the figure The spatial relationship between a device or feature shown and other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figures. For example, if a device in the drawings is turned upside down, a device described as “above another device or configuration” or “above another device or configuration” will then be positioned as “below other device or configuration” or “in Under other devices or structures”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” may include both “above” and “below” orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here is explained accordingly.

Abstract

一种制动装置，制动装置包括：制动梁（60），制动部（70），制动部（70）设置在制动梁（60）上，制动部（70）上设置有用于容纳轮体的容纳空间（77）；其中，制动部（70）位置可调节地设置在制动梁（60）上，以在轮体移动时，制动部（70）在轮体的驱动下相对于制动梁（60）移动。还包括具有所述制动装置的转向架及车辆。本发明的制动装置解决了现有技术中的制动装置的闸瓦托无法根据轨距变化自动移动的问题。

Description

制动装置、转向架及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆领域，具体而言，涉及一种制动装置、转向架及车辆。
背景技术
随着全球一体化的发展，国际联运已经成为铁路运输发展的趋势，但不同铁路轨距的国家采用铁路运输货物时，需要在不同轨距线路的过渡口岸采用货物倒装或更换车辆走行部的方式实现货物的连续运输，导致效率低下并且存在货物损耗的现象。为实现互联互通，增加效率，减少损耗，采用变轨距转向架是实现不同轨距之间的国际联运问题最优的解决方案，制动梁作为铁路货车转向架基础制动装置的一部分，是实现车辆制动的重要部件，需要根据转向架的轨距变化实现变轨距，目前的制动梁闸瓦托在制动梁架上的位置是固定的，无法满足快速变轨距的需要。
现有技术中的闸瓦托套装于制动梁架的端部，制动梁架的两侧各设有至少两个闸瓦托固定孔，紧固件通过其中一个固定孔来固定闸瓦托，闸瓦托可沿制动梁架滑动，制动梁架的每一侧各自设有两个止挡件，两个止挡件间隔设定距离设置，通过其中一个止挡件对闸瓦托的位置进行限位，闸瓦托用于固定闸瓦。该方案制动梁切换轨距时无法利用地面设施或车辆本身结构实现自动变轨距，需要人工滑动闸瓦托并进行固定。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种制动装置、转向架及车辆，以解决现有技术中的制动装置的闸瓦托无法根据轨距变化自动移动的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种制动装置，包括：制动梁；制动部，制动部设置在制动梁上，制动部上设置有用于容纳轮体的容纳空间；其中，制动部位置可调节地设置在制动梁上，以在轮体移动时，制动部在轮体的驱动下相对于制动梁移动。
进一步地，制动梁上设置有第一限位部，制动部上设置有用于与第一限位部相配合的第二限位部；其中，当轮体驱动制动部移动时，第一限位部脱离第二限位部。
进一步地，第一限位部为限位槽，第二限位部为限位凸起，限位凸起设置在限位槽内；其中，当轮体驱动制动部移动时，限位凸起脱离限位槽。
进一步地，限位槽为多个，多个限位槽沿制动部的移动方向间隔地设置在制动梁上，以在制动部移动预设距离后，限位凸起可卡设在与其相对设置的限位槽内。
进一步地，限位凸起为至少两个，至少两个限位凸起间隔设置，相邻两个限位凸起之间的间距等于相邻两个限位槽之间的间距；其中，限位槽的个数比限位凸起的个数至少多一个。
进一步地，制动部包括：闸瓦托，闸瓦托可移动地设置在制动梁上；拨挡，拨挡设置在闸瓦托上，拨挡具有容纳空间，以使轮体通过拨挡驱动闸瓦托沿制动梁移动。
进一步地，闸瓦托与拨挡焊接、卡接、粘结或通过紧固件相连接。
进一步地，闸瓦托与拨挡一体成型。
进一步地，闸瓦托上设置有容纳孔，制动梁穿设在容纳孔内；或，闸瓦托上设置有容纳槽，制动梁设置在容纳槽内，制动部还包括锁紧螺栓，锁紧螺栓设置在闸瓦托上且与制动梁相接触，以限制制动梁从容纳槽的槽口脱离容纳槽。
进一步地，制动部还包括：止挡片，止挡片设置在闸瓦托上且位于闸瓦托与制动梁之间；其中，止挡片相对于制动梁可移动地设置，以使止挡片具有与制动梁限位接触的第一状态和相对于制动梁移动的第二状态。
进一步地，止挡片为弹性结构，止挡片上设置有限位凸起，制动梁上设置有与限位凸起相配合的限位槽；其中，当止挡片处于第一状态时，限位凸起设置在限位槽内；当止挡片处于第二状态时，轮体通过闸瓦托驱动止挡片移动，限位凸起脱离限位槽。
进一步地，闸瓦托上设置有安装槽，止挡片遮挡在安装槽的槽口上，以在止挡片产生变形时，安装槽用于避让止挡片。
进一步地，止挡片的两端均设置有缺口，闸瓦托上设置有与缺口相配合的凸起块，凸起块设置在缺口内，以限制止挡片脱离闸瓦托。
进一步地，制动部还包括：第一耐磨板，第一耐磨板设置在拨挡上，第一耐磨板成对设置，成对的两个第一耐磨板相对设置，轮体用于设置在相对的两个第一耐磨板之间，以使拨挡通过第一耐磨板与轮体相接触。
进一步地，制动装置还包括：缓冲组件，缓冲组件成对设置，成对的两个缓冲组件分别设置在制动梁的两端，缓冲组件用于与转向架的侧架相接触，以在制动梁产生位置偏移时，成对的两个缓冲组件驱动制动梁恢复至预设位置。
进一步地，制动梁上设置有安装孔，缓冲组件包括：第二耐磨板，第二耐磨板上设置有导向柱，导向柱用于设置在安装孔内，第二耐磨板用于与侧架相接触；弹簧，弹簧套设在导向柱上，弹簧的一端与第二耐磨板相抵接，弹簧的两一端与制动梁相抵接，在制动梁产生位置偏移时，弹簧驱动制动梁相对于第二耐磨板移动。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种转向架，包括制动装置，制动装置为上述的制动装置。
根据本发明的第三个方面，提供了一种车辆，包括转向架和轮体，转向架为上述的转向架，制动部成对设置，轮体成对设置，成对设置的两个轮体与成对设置的两个制动部一一相对应地设置，成对设置的两个轮体之间距离可变地设置。
本发明的制动装置通过将制动部位置可调节地设置在制动梁上，从而在轨距发生变化时，轮体相对于转轴移动，此时轮体可以驱动制动部相对于制动梁移动，从而实现了制动部随轨距变化自动实现位置调节，解决了现有技术中的制动装置的闸瓦托无法根据轨距变化自动移动的问题。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的制动装置的实施例的结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明的制动装置的局部剖面结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明的制动装置的制动部的结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明的制动装置的制动部的局部结构示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明的制动装置的第一个实施例的局部结构的第一个视角的结构示意图；
图6示出了根据本发明的制动装置的第一个实施例的局部结构的第二个视角的结构示意图；
图7示出了根据本发明的制动装置的局部结构的分解结构示意图；
图8示出了根据本发明的制动装置的第二个实施例的局部结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
60、制动梁；61、限位槽；62、安装孔；70、制动部；71、限位凸起；72、闸瓦托；721、安装槽；722、凸起块；73、拨挡；74、锁紧螺栓；75、止挡片；751、缺口；76、第一耐磨板；77、容纳空间；80、缓冲组件；81、第二耐磨板；811、导向柱；82、弹簧；83、磨耗套；140、侧架。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申 请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本发明提供了一种制动装置，请参考图1至图8，制动装置包括：制动梁60；制动部70，制动部70设置在制动梁60上，制动部70上设置有用于容纳轮体的容纳空间77；其中，制动部70位置可调节地设置在制动梁60上，以在轮体移动时，制动部70在轮体的驱动下相对于制动梁60移动。
本发明的制动装置通过将制动部70位置可调节地设置在制动梁60上，从而在轨距发生变化时，轮体相对于转轴移动，此时轮体可以驱动制动部70相对于制动梁60移动，从而实现了制动部70随轨距变化自动实现位置调节，解决了现有技术中的制动装置的闸瓦托无法根据轨距变化自动移动的问题。
在本实施例中，正常运行过程中，轮体位于容纳空间77内，且相互分离，当轮体发生移动时，轮体与制动部70相接触，从而驱动制动部70相对于制动梁60移动。
为了能够保证不用变轨距时制动梁60与制动部70的相对稳定性，制动梁60上设置有第一限位部，制动部70上设置有用于与第一限位部相配合的第二限位部；其中，当轮体驱动制动部70移动时，第一限位部脱离第二限位部。
在本实施例中，当轮体在正常运行过程中，即不用发生变轨距时，第一限位部与第二限位部相配合，此时制动梁60与制动部70相对固定。当轮体发生轴相移动时，即出现了变轨距的情况，此时，轮体驱动制动部70移动第一限位部脱离第二限位部。
在本实施例中，第一限位部为限位槽，第二限位部为限位凸起；或者，第一限位部为限位凸起，第二限位部为限位槽。
优选地，第一限位部为限位槽61，第二限位部为限位凸起71，限位凸起71设置在限位槽61内；其中，当轮体驱动制动部70移动时，限位凸起71脱离限位槽61。
优选地，限位槽61为多个，多个限位槽61沿制动部70的移动方向间隔地设置在制动梁60上，以在制动部70移动预设距离后，限位凸起71可卡设在与其相对设置的限位槽61内。
优选地，限位凸起71为至少两个，至少两个限位凸起71间隔设置，相邻两个限位凸起71之间的间距等于相邻两个限位槽61之间的间距；其中，限位槽61的个数比限位凸起71的个数至少多一个。
在本实施例中，两个限位槽61直接的具体根据实际时间变轨距离进行调节，即保证制动部70移动预设距离后，限位凸起71依然可以设置在下一个限位槽61内。
针对制动部70的具体结构，如图3所示，制动部70包括：闸瓦托72，闸瓦托72可移动地设置在制动梁60上；拨挡73，拨挡73设置在闸瓦托72上，拨挡73具有容纳空间77，以使轮体通过拨挡73驱动闸瓦托72沿制动梁60移动。
在本实施例中，制动部70由闸瓦托72和拨挡73组成，其中，闸瓦托72上用于设置制动轮体的闸瓦。而闸瓦托72用于在轮体变轨距时与轮体接触。
在本实施例中，拨挡73为U型结构，容纳空间77为U型结构的U形开口。
针对闸瓦托72与拨挡73的第一种成型方式，闸瓦托72与拨挡73焊接、卡接、粘结或通过紧固件相连接。
针对闸瓦托72与拨挡73的第二种成型方式，闸瓦托72与拨挡73一体成型。
针对闸瓦托72与制动梁60的具体连接方式，闸瓦托72上设置有容纳孔，制动梁60穿设在容纳孔内；或，闸瓦托72上设置有容纳槽，制动梁60设置在容纳槽内，制动部70还包括锁紧螺栓74，锁紧螺栓74设置在闸瓦托72上且与制动梁60相接触，以限制制动梁60从容纳槽的槽口脱离容纳槽。
针对闸瓦托72与制动梁60的具体连接方式的第一个实施例，如图2所示，闸瓦托72上设置有容纳孔，制动梁60穿设在容纳孔内，即制动梁60的外表面封闭在闸瓦托72内。
针对闸瓦托72与制动梁60的具体连接方式的第二个实施例，如图8所示，闸瓦托72上设置有容纳槽，制动梁60设置在容纳槽内，此时，闸瓦托72为一个U形的开口槽，为了防止制动梁60从容纳槽的槽口脱离，从而设有多个锁紧螺栓74。
为了能够对闸瓦托72和制动梁60进行限位，如图2所示，制动部70还包括：止挡片75，止挡片75设置在闸瓦托72上且位于闸瓦托72与制动梁60之间；其中，止挡片75相对于制动梁60可移动地设置，以使止挡片75具有与制动梁60限位接触的第一状态和相对于制动梁60移动的第二状态。
在本实施例中，通过将止挡片75设置在闸瓦托72与制动梁60之间，从而通过止挡片75与制动梁进行限位接触。
可选地，止挡片75设置在制动梁60上且位于闸瓦托72与之间，止挡片75相对于闸瓦托72可移动地设置，以使止挡片75具有与闸瓦托72限位接触的第一状态和相对于闸瓦托72移动的第二状态。
优选地，止挡片75为弹性结构，止挡片75上设置有限位凸起71，制动梁60上设置有与限位凸起71相配合的限位槽61；其中，当止挡片75处于第一状态时，限位凸起71设置在限位槽61内；当止挡片75处于第二状态时，轮体通过闸瓦托72驱动止挡片75移动，限位凸起71脱离限位槽61。
在本实施例中，止挡片75可以选择地与制动梁60或闸瓦托72固定连接，则相应地与另一个可相互移动地设置。
优选地，闸瓦托72上设置有安装槽721，止挡片75遮挡在安装槽721的槽口上，以在止挡片75产生变形时，安装槽721用于避让止挡片75。
为了防止挡片75脱离闸瓦托72，如图3和图4所示，止挡片75的两端均设置有缺口751，闸瓦托72上设置有与缺口751相配合的凸起块722，凸起块722设置在缺口751内，以限制止挡片75脱离闸瓦托72。
在本实施例中，闸瓦托72的四个顶角处设置有凸起块722，相应地止挡片75的第个顶角处设置有缺口751，凸起块722设置在缺口751内，以限制止挡片75脱离闸瓦托72。
考虑到拨挡73需要与轮体接触，制动部70还包括：第一耐磨板76，第一耐磨板76设置在拨挡73上，第一耐磨板76成对设置，成对的两个第一耐磨板76相对设置，轮体用于设置在相对的两个第一耐磨板76之间，以使拨挡73通过第一耐磨板76与轮体相接触。
在本实施例中，通过设置有与轮体接触的第一耐磨板76可以防止对拨挡73的磨损。
考虑到制动部70相对于制动梁60需要移动，故轮体与制动部70之间的距离较小，而制动梁60会发生移动，从而会导致制动部70与轮体接触影响正常使用，故，制动装置还包括：缓冲组件80，缓冲组件80成对设置，成对的两个缓冲组件80分别设置在制动梁60的两端，缓冲组件80用于与转向架的侧架140相接触，以在制动梁60产生位置偏移时，成对的两个缓冲组件80驱动制动梁60恢复至预设位置。
在本实施例中，通过设置有缓冲组件80可以保证制动梁60一直处于一个相对固定的位置，此时可以保证制动部70与轮体的相对位置固定，从而不会影响正常使用。
针对缓冲组件80的具体结构，如图2和图7所示，制动梁60上设置有安装孔62，缓冲组件80包括：第二耐磨板81，第二耐磨板81上设置有导向柱811，导向柱811用于设置在安装孔62内，第二耐磨板81用于与侧架140相接触；弹簧82，弹簧82套设在导向柱811上，弹簧82的一端与第二耐磨板81相抵接，弹簧82的两一端与制动梁60相抵接，在制动梁60产生位置偏移时，弹簧82驱动制动梁60相对于第二耐磨板81移动。
在本实施例中，弹簧82可以保证制动梁60与第二耐磨板81之间的位置关系，从而可以将制动梁60限位在一个相对固定的位置。
在本实施例中，制动梁60靠近第二耐磨板81的部分段体上设置有磨耗套83。
针对本发明的制动装置的一个具体实施例：
在本实施例中，闸瓦托72套装于制动梁架(制动梁60)的端部，在闸瓦托72上设有拨挡73，当轮对在地面设施的作用下开始切换轨距时，车轮(轮体)横向位置发生变化，推动拨挡73移动，拨挡73通过铆钉或螺栓与闸瓦托72固定连接，带动闸瓦托72沿着制动梁架滑动，实现制动梁变轨距。制动梁架与闸瓦托72连接处设置特定加长段，并设有定位凹窝(限位槽61)，定位凹窝之间的相互距离根据轨距的变化量进行设定，弹片(止挡片75)上设有与制动梁架定位凹窝对应的定位凸起(限位凸起71)，通过弹片凸起与梁架不同位置凹窝配合实现瓦托的横向定位。当车轮通过地面变轨距设施横向移动时，车轮通过拨挡73推动闸瓦托72横向移动，在该横向力作用下使得弹片凸起脱出梁架凹窝实现解锁，当移动到新的位置时， 在弹性力作用下弹片凸起重新落入梁架凹窝里实现锁闭。闸瓦托72上设置止挡(凸起块722)，在闸瓦托72与制动梁架滑动连接处形成阶梯形限位，保证弹片无法窜出。
在本实施例中，在制动梁端部设置制动梁弹性对中装置(缓冲组件80)，该装置由制动梁60上的孔(安装孔62)、弹簧82及带导向柱的磨耗板(第二耐磨板81)组成，由磨耗板上的导向柱控制磨耗板的活动方向，由弹簧提供弹性力，使制动梁在转向架两侧架之间的保持中部位置，限制车辆运行中车轮与拨挡73的相对位置，保证制动梁变轨距的效果。在拨挡73与车轮接触范围处增加耐磨板，耐磨板与拨挡73通过沉头螺栓过盈配合或焊接等方式连接，减轻拨挡73的磨耗。
在本实施例中，闸瓦托拨挡与闸瓦托为铸造一体结构；闸瓦托拨挡与闸瓦托为焊接连接为一体。闸瓦托与制动梁架连接处背侧开口，为插入式组装在制动梁架上，并在外侧通过螺栓等形成限位，防止脱出；闸瓦托上设置闸瓦托拨挡，提供制动梁变轨距时闸瓦托沿着制动梁架横向滑动的作用力；闸瓦托与制动梁架之间采用弹簧弹片和凹窝共同作用定位；拨挡上设置金属或非金属耐磨板。
本发明还提供了一种转向架，包括制动装置，制动装置为上述的制动装置。
本发明还提供了一种车辆，包括转向架和轮体，转向架为上述的转向架，制动部70成对设置，轮体成对设置，成对设置的两个轮体与成对设置的两个制动部70一一相对应地设置，成对设置的两个轮体之间距离可变地设置。
装用本发明的制动装置的铁路货车在不同轨距线路上运行时，可以实现制动梁随着轮对的变轨距而自动进行轨距切换，保证了制动系统对不同轨距的适应，避免采用倒装或更换转向架的方式来实现货物的连续运输，有利于提高工作效率，降低货物的运输成本。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
本发明的制动装置通过将制动部70位置可调节地设置在制动梁60上，从而在轨距发生变化时，轮体相对于转轴移动，此时轮体可以驱动制动部70相对于制动梁60移动，从而实现了制动部70随轨距变化自动实现位置调节，解决了现有技术中的制动装置的闸瓦托无法根据轨距变化自动移动的问题。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间 位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种制动装置，其特征在于，包括：
    制动梁(60)；
    制动部(70)，所述制动部(70)设置在所述制动梁(60)上，所述制动部(70)上设置有用于容纳轮体的容纳空间(77)；
    其中，所述制动部(70)位置可调节地设置在所述制动梁(60)上，以在所述轮体移动时，所述制动部(70)在所述轮体的驱动下相对于所述制动梁(60)移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动梁(60)上设置有第一限位部，所述制动部(70)上设置有用于与所述第一限位部相配合的第二限位部；其中，当所述轮体驱动所述制动部(70)移动时，所述第一限位部脱离所述第二限位部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述第一限位部为限位槽(61)，所述第二限位部为限位凸起(71)，所述限位凸起(71)设置在所述限位槽(61)内；
    其中，当所述轮体驱动所述制动部(70)移动时，所述限位凸起(71)脱离所述限位槽(61)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述限位槽(61)为多个，多个所述限位槽(61)沿所述制动部(70)的移动方向间隔地设置在所述制动梁(60)上，以在所述制动部(70)移动预设距离后，所述限位凸起(71)可卡设在与其相对设置的所述限位槽(61)内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述限位凸起(71)为至少两个，至少两个所述限位凸起(71)间隔设置，相邻两个所述限位凸起(71)之间的间距等于相邻两个所述限位槽(61)之间的间距；其中，所述限位槽(61)的个数比所述限位凸起(71)的个数至少多一个。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动部(70)包括：
    闸瓦托(72)，所述闸瓦托(72)可移动地设置在所述制动梁(60)上；
    拨挡(73)，所述拨挡(73)设置在所述闸瓦托(72)上，所述拨挡(73)具有所述容纳空间(77)，以使所述轮体通过所述拨挡(73)驱动所述闸瓦托(72)沿所述制动梁(60)移动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述闸瓦托(72)与所述拨挡(73)焊接、卡接、粘结或通过紧固件相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述闸瓦托(72)与所述拨挡(73)一体成型。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述闸瓦托(72)上设置有容纳孔，所述制动梁(60)穿设在所述容纳孔内；或，
    所述闸瓦托(72)上设置有容纳槽，所述制动梁(60)设置在所述容纳槽内，所述制动部(70)还包括锁紧螺栓(74)，所述锁紧螺栓(74)设置在所述闸瓦托(72)上且与所述制动梁(60)相接触，以限制所述制动梁(60)从所述容纳槽的槽口脱离所述容纳槽。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动部(70)还包括：
    止挡片(75)，所述止挡片(75)设置在所述闸瓦托(72)上且位于所述闸瓦托(72)与所述制动梁(60)之间；
    其中，所述止挡片(75)相对于所述制动梁(60)可移动地设置，以使所述止挡片(75)具有与所述制动梁(60)限位接触的第一状态和相对于所述制动梁(60)移动的第二状态。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述止挡片(75)为弹性结构，所述止挡片(75)上设置有限位凸起(71)，所述制动梁(60)上设置有与所述限位凸起(71)相配合的限位槽(11)；
    其中，当所述止挡片(75)处于所述第一状态时，所述限位凸起(71)设置在所述限位槽(11)内；当所述止挡片(75)处于所述第二状态时，所述轮体通过所述闸瓦托(72)驱动所述止挡片(75)移动，所述限位凸起(71)脱离所述限位槽(11)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述闸瓦托(72)上设置有安装槽(721)，所述止挡片(75)遮挡在所述安装槽(721)的槽口上，以在所述止挡片(75)产生变形时，所述安装槽(721)用于避让所述止挡片(75)。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述止挡片(75)的两端均设置有缺口(751)，所述闸瓦托(72)上设置有与所述缺口(751)相配合的凸起块(722)，所述凸起块(722)设置在所述缺口(751)内，以限制所述止挡片(75)脱离所述闸瓦托(72)。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动部(70)还包括：
    第一耐磨板(76)，所述第一耐磨板(76)设置在所述拨挡(73)上，所述第一耐磨板(76)成对设置，成对的两个所述第一耐磨板(76)相对设置，所述轮体用于设置在相对的两个所述第一耐磨板(76)之间，以使所述拨挡(73)通过所述第一耐磨板(76)与所述轮体相接触。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动装置还包括：
    缓冲组件(80)，所述缓冲组件(80)成对设置，成对的两个所述缓冲组件(80)分别设置在所述制动梁(60)的两端，所述缓冲组件(80)用于与转向架的侧架(140)相接触，以在所述制动梁(60)产生位置偏移时，成对的两个所述缓冲组件(80)驱动所 述制动梁(60)恢复至预设位置。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动梁(60)上设置有安装孔(62)，所述缓冲组件(80)包括：
    第二耐磨板(81)，所述第二耐磨板(81)上设置有导向柱(811)，所述导向柱(811)用于设置在所述安装孔(62)内，所述第二耐磨板(81)用于与所述侧架(140)相接触；
    弹簧(82)，所述弹簧(82)套设在所述导向柱(811)上，所述弹簧(82)的一端与所述第二耐磨板(81)相抵接，所述弹簧(82)的两一端与所述制动梁(60)相抵接，在所述制动梁(60)产生位置偏移时，所述弹簧(82)驱动所述制动梁(60)相对于所述第二耐磨板(81)移动。
  17. 一种转向架，包括制动装置，其特征在于，所述制动装置为权利要求1至16中任一项所述的制动装置。
  18. 一种车辆，包括转向架和轮体，其特征在于，所述转向架为权利要求17所述的转向架，制动部(70)成对设置，所述轮体成对设置，成对设置的两个所述轮体与成对设置的两个所述制动部(70)一一相对应地设置，成对设置的两个所述轮体之间距离可变地设置。
PCT/CN2019/098691 2019-01-03 2019-07-31 制动装置、转向架及车辆 WO2020140430A1 (zh)

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