WO2020138356A1 - ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020138356A1 WO2020138356A1 PCT/JP2019/051283 JP2019051283W WO2020138356A1 WO 2020138356 A1 WO2020138356 A1 WO 2020138356A1 JP 2019051283 W JP2019051283 W JP 2019051283W WO 2020138356 A1 WO2020138356 A1 WO 2020138356A1
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- polyvinyl alcohol
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- crosslinked copolymer
- water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/28—Condensation with aldehydes or ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a water-absorbent resin containing a polyacrylic acid polymer hydrogel as a main component is used as an agricultural water retention material.
- the polyacrylic acid polymer hydrogel does not have biodegradability, there is a problem that it is hard to disappear in the environment.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a water-absorbent resin composed of a modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a carboxyl group and/or a carboxylate group
- Patent Document 3 discloses malein. It is disclosed that a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying an acid monomer-vinyl acetate copolymer and then drying it is used as a water retention material.
- the water-absorbent resin described in Patent Document 2 has a high water-absorbing ability (that is, can absorb a large amount of water), but has a low ability to release absorbed water, and thus releases the water.
- the amount of water that is, the amount of water that can be absorbed by plants (available for its growth)] is small.
- the water-absorbent resin described in Patent Document 3 has a stable water absorption because the crosslinking reaction between the carboxyl group derived from maleic acid and the hydroxyl group derived from polyvinyl alcohol proceeds irregularly in the drying step during production.
- the quality of the water absorbent resin is not stable.
- the problem to be solved by the invention is to have a higher quality stability, a high water-releasing ability so that a plant can absorb more water available for its growth, and a cross-linked copolymer. Is to provide.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer has a content of 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less and a solubility in water of 90% or less with respect to all the constituent units constituting the.
- the amount of vinyl alcohol units in the polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer is 20 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less based on all the constituent units constituting the cross-linked copolymer.
- the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer is 1.5 mol% or more and 15 mol% or less based on all the structural units forming the crosslinked copolymer.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the amount of water that can be absorbed by the plant per 1 g of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer is 10 g or more and 100 g or less. Coalescing.
- the polyfunctional aldehyde having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, adipaldehyde, malealdehyde, fumaraldehyde, tartaraldehyde, citraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde, isophthalaldehyde,
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer according to the above [7] which is one or more polyfunctional aldehydes selected from the group consisting of phthalaldehyde, 1,9-nonanedial and ethylenediaminetetraacetaldehyde.
- a method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer comprising the step of reacting a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based structural unit with a cross-linking agent, the method comprising the steps of: The amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate is 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less with respect to all the structural units forming the crosslinked copolymer.
- the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate is 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less with respect to all the structural units forming the crosslinked copolymer.
- In the above [10] including a step of reacting the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer particles swollen with the solvent in the presence of a solvent capable of swelling the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer with a crosslinking agent. The method described.
- the polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked copolymer of the present invention contains an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid structural unit.
- the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt in the crosslinked copolymer is 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less with respect to all the structural units forming the crosslinked copolymer, and the solubility in water is high. Is 90% or less.
- the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid structural unit contained in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is derived from one or more kinds of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or its derivative.
- unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and its derivative are not particularly limited as long as they bring about the specific amount of the constitutional unit and the specific solubility in the present invention.
- the derivative of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid include anhydrides, esterified products and neutralized products of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
- the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention can be used as a water absorbent resin.
- the water-absorbent resin is required to have high water-releasing ability in addition to water-absorbing ability so that the plant can absorb more water available for its growth.
- the above-mentioned unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or its derivative is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid derivatives.
- the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid type structural unit contained in the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is preferably derived from acrylic acid or its derivative or methacrylic acid or its derivative.
- Examples of derivatives of acrylic acid include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-acrylic acid acrylate.
- Examples of methacrylic acid derivatives include acrylic acid esters such as ethylhexyl, dodecyl acrylate and octadecyl acrylate, and examples of derivatives of methacrylic acid include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid.
- methacrylates such as n-butyl, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate and the like.
- the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention contains an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid type structural unit. That is, it has a structural unit derived from a monofunctional unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, which is not polyfunctional.
- the carboxyl group of such a structural unit is less likely to crosslink with the hydroxyl group of the vinyl alcohol unit during the production of the crosslinked copolymer, and thus the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention can have higher quality stability.
- the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less based on all the structural units forming the crosslinked copolymer. ..
- the amount of the structural unit is less than 1 mol %, the cross-linked copolymer can absorb only a small amount of water and cannot have a desired water absorbing ability.
- the amount of the structural unit is more than 35 mol %, the cross-linked copolymer can release the absorbed water only in a small proportion, and cannot have the desired water-releasing ability.
- the amount of the structural unit is preferably 1.5 mol% or more, more preferably 2 mol% or more, particularly preferably 4 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, more preferably Is less than 25 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% or less, still more preferably 15 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the amount of the structural unit is equal to or more than the lower limit value and equal to or less than the upper limit value (or less than the upper limit value), the crosslinked copolymer is likely to have a higher amount of released water.
- the amount of the constituent unit when the amount of the constituent unit is not less than the lower limit value and not more than 15 mol%, it tends to have a high water absorption amount in the presence of divalent metal ions contained in fertilizer or soil.
- the amount of the structural unit for example, the lower limit value by adjusting the compounding ratio of vinyl acetate and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or its derivative, their consumption rate or reactivity ratio during reaction, reaction temperature, or the amount of alkali, etc.
- the amount can be adjusted to the above amount or less than the upper limit value.
- the amount of the constituent unit, the degree of acetalization described below, and the amount of vinyl alcohol unit described below can be measured by a conventionally known method.
- the “structural unit” means a repeating unit constituting a polymer, for example, a vinyl alcohol unit is “1 unit” and a structure in which 2 units of vinyl alcohol unit is acetalized is “2 unit”. ".
- Examples of the counter cation of the carboxylate are alkali metal ions such as lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion and cesium ion; alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium ion, calcium ion, strontium ion and barium ion; Other metal ions such as aluminum ions and zinc ions; onium cations such as ammonium ions, imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphonium ions; and combinations of two or more of these counter cations.
- alkali metal ions such as lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion and cesium ion
- alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium ion, calcium ion, strontium ion and barium ion
- Other metal ions such as aluminum ions and zinc ions
- onium cations such as ammonium ions, imidazoliums, pyridinium
- the cross-linked copolymer of the present invention when used as a water retention material for agriculture, potassium ions, calcium ions and ammonium ions are preferable, and it is easy to maintain water absorption at the time of contact with divalent ions contained in soil. From the viewpoint, calcium ion is more preferable, and from the viewpoint of plant growth, potassium ion is more preferable. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention contains potassium ion as the counter cation of the carboxylate salt.
- the solubility of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention in water is 90% or less.
- This solubility is an index of the degree of crosslinking of the crosslinked copolymer, and a solubility of more than 90% means that the copolymer is not sufficiently crosslinked or not crosslinked at all.
- the solubility is more than 90%, the proportion of the cross-linked copolymer that dissolves in water when the cross-linked copolymer absorbs water is high, and the gel structure may be collapsed to prevent water retention.
- the solubility is slightly lower than 90% (for example, if the solubility is 87%), such disintegration is unlikely to occur, and the crosslinked copolymer remaining without being dissolved in water has a sufficient water absorption capacity.
- the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention can exhibit a sufficient water absorbing ability.
- the solubility is preferably 80% or less, more preferably 70% or less.
- the solubility is equal to or lower than the above upper limit, the gel structure of the crosslinked copolymer is unlikely to collapse when absorbing water, and the desired water absorption ability can be obtained.
- the higher the solubility is the more easily the biodegradability of the crosslinked copolymer is improved, which is preferable.
- the solubility can be adjusted to a value equal to or lower than the upper limit value by adjusting the amount of the crosslinking agent and/or the amount of the carboxylate, for example.
- the lower limit of the solubility is not particularly limited.
- the solubility is usually 5% or more.
- the solubility can be measured by the method described in Examples below.
- the form of the crosslinked structure of the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a crosslinked structure having an ester bond, an ether bond, an acetal bond, a carbon-carbon bond or a combination of two or more of these bonds. From the viewpoint of easiness of production, a crosslinked structure with an ester bond or an acetal bond is preferable, and from the viewpoint of higher water absorption capacity and ultraviolet resistance, a crosslinked structure with an acetal bond is preferable. Therefore, in a preferred aspect of the present invention, the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention has an acetal structure as a crosslinked structure.
- the acetal structure is preferably derived from a polyfunctional aldehyde having at least 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the polyfunctional aldehyde having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, adipaldehyde, malealdehyde, fumaraldehyde, tartaraldehyde, citr
- One or more multifunctional aldehydes selected from the group consisting of aldehydes, terephthalaldehydes, isophthalaldehydes, phthalaldehydes, 1,9-nonanedials and ethylenediaminetetraacetaldehyde.
- the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is preferably 0.01 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is within the above range, the water absorption capacity of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer can be easily improved.
- the degree of acetalization is preferably 0.02 mol% or more, more preferably 0.05 mol% or more, further preferably 0.1 mol% or more, and preferably 40 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less. It is at most mol%, more preferably at most 20 mol%.
- the degree of acetalization can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of acetalizing agent used in the crosslinking reaction.
- the degree of acetalization means the ratio of the amount of acetalized vinyl alcohol units after the acetalization reaction to the amount of vinyl alcohol units before the acetalization reaction in the polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer.
- the amount of vinyl alcohol units in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, based on the total constitutional units constituting the crosslinked copolymer.
- the cross-linked copolymer is likely to have a higher water absorbing ability.
- the vinyl alcohol unit amount is, for example, a blending ratio of vinyl acetate and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, their consumption rate or reactivity ratio during the reaction, or by adjusting the reaction temperature or the like, and the lower limit value or more and The amount can be adjusted to the above upper limit value or less.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer of the present invention may contain a structural unit other than the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based structural unit and the vinyl alcohol unit.
- the other structural units include structural units derived from vinyl carboxylates such as vinyl acetate and vinyl pivalate; structural units derived from olefins such as ethylene, 1-butene and isobutylene; acrylamide and its derivatives, methacrylamide and its And the like.
- Derivatives constitutional units derived from maleimide derivatives and the like; constitutional units derived from polyfunctional unsaturated carboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- the cross-linked copolymer of the present invention may contain one type or a plurality of types of the other structural unit.
- the content of the other structural unit is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less, further preferably 15 mol% or less, based on all the structural units constituting the cross-linked copolymer of the present invention. Yes, it may be 0 mol %.
- the content of the other structural unit is not more than the upper limit value, it is easy to obtain a more excellent water absorbing ability of the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention.
- the content of the constituent unit derived from the polyfunctional unsaturated carboxylic acid and its derivative is preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, still more preferably 1 mol% or less, still more preferably 0 mol% or less. Mol%. This is because when the content of the carboxyl group in such a constitutional unit is high, a crosslinking reaction with the hydroxyl group of the vinyl alcohol unit is likely to occur during the production of the crosslinked copolymer, and as a result, the quality stability is deteriorated. This is because there is a possibility.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of ease of production, the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably 20,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, further preferably 4000 or less, and particularly preferably 3000 or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the crosslinked copolymer and the solubility in water, the viscosity average degree of polymerization is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, still more preferably 400 or more. The viscosity average degree of polymerization can be adjusted to an amount not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit by adjusting the polymerization conditions. The viscosity average degree of polymerization of the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention can be measured, for example, by a method according to JIS K 6726.
- the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is preferably particles.
- the average particle size of the particle is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, It is particularly preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter is equal to or more than the lower limit value, excellent handleability is easily obtained, and when the average particle diameter is equal to or less than the upper limit value, excellent water absorption rate is easily obtained.
- the average particle diameter can be adjusted to the amount of the lower limit value or more and the upper limit value or less by adjusting the saponification condition and/or the pulverization condition, for example.
- the average particle diameter can be measured by laser diffraction/scattering.
- the present invention is also a method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer, which comprises a step of reacting a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based structural unit and a cross-linking agent, wherein the cross-linked copolymer
- a method in which the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt in the coalescence is 1 mol% or more and 35 mol% or less based on all the structural units composing the crosslinked copolymer is also targeted.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based constitutional unit in the above-mentioned production method is, for example, (i) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, and vinyl ester.
- the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and its derivative used in the above (i) and (ii) are not particularly limited. Further, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a cross-linked copolymer having a desired water-absorbing ability, the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and its derivative are preferably a group consisting of acrylic acid, a derivative of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and a derivative of methacrylic acid.
- the vinyl ester used in (i) above is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl trifluoroacetate and vinyl pivalate, and from the viewpoint of industrial availability, vinyl acetate is preferable.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer used in (ii) above is not particularly limited. Polyvinyl alcohol having only a vinyl alcohol unit may be used, or a polymer having another constitutional unit in addition to the vinyl alcohol unit may be used. For example, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer may be used.
- a compound which brings other structural units can be further added.
- a compound that provides the other structural unit exemplified in the section of [Polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer] can be used.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer is not particularly limited.
- the water absorption capacity of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is greatly affected by the amounts of the structural units forming the carboxylate salt and the amount of the crosslinked structure in the crosslinked copolymer, and the saponification degree is Has very little effect on the water absorption capacity. Therefore, the saponification degree may be, for example, 30 mol% or more or 60 mol% or more (eg 70 mol% or more), and may be 99 mol% or more (eg 100 mol%).
- the reaction between the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer and the crosslinking agent may be carried out by a known method.
- the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, and the cross-linking agent that brings about the cross-linking structure exemplified in the section of [Polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer] can be used.
- the cross-linking agent is such that the amount of the cross-linked structure in the polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer is preferably 0.005 mol% or more, more preferably 0.01 mol% or more, further preferably Is 0.05 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0.1 mol% or more, preferably 0.5 mol% or less, more preferably 0.4 mol% or less, particularly preferably 0.35 mol% or less. It may be used in such an amount.
- the amount of the crosslinked structure means the amount of the constituent units forming the crosslinked structure with respect to all the constituent units forming the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer.
- the production method of the present invention described above in the presence of a solvent capable of swelling the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer particles swollen with the solvent and a crosslinking agent.
- the step of reacting is included.
- the "solvent capable of swelling a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer” is capable of swelling polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer particles used as a raw material, and does not dissolve at the temperature during the reaction. There is no particular limitation.
- solvents examples include dialkyl ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, Alcohols such as hexanol, cyclohexanol, octanol and tert-butanol; ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and diglyme; diol compounds such as ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol; acetamide, N,N -Carboxylic acid amides such as dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide and phenol, and water.
- dialkyl ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone
- the solvent is a dialkyl ketone.
- It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile, nitrile, alcohol, ether and water, and acetone, 2-butanone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1, More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and water, and the group consisting of acetone, 2-butanone, acetonitrile, methanol, 2-propanol, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and water. More preferably, it is at least one selected from These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the production method of the present invention in the presence of a solvent capable of swelling the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer, in order to react the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer particles swollen with the solvent and a crosslinking agent, a precipitation step
- the particles of the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer can be easily taken out without the need.
- the average particle diameter of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer particles before swelling is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 300 ⁇ m. It is as follows. When the average particle diameter is equal to or more than the lower limit value, excellent handleability is easily obtained, and when the average particle diameter is equal to or less than the upper limit value, excellent solvent absorption rate is easily obtained.
- the average particle diameter can be adjusted to the amount of the lower limit value or more and the upper limit value or less by adjusting the saponification condition and/or the pulverization condition, for example.
- the average particle diameter can be measured by laser diffraction/scattering.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer of the present invention contains structural units forming a carboxylate salt.
- Examples of the method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer into which a structural unit forming a carboxylic acid salt is introduced include, for example, the method using a neutralized product of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid in (i) or (ii) above. And a method of neutralizing the cross-linked copolymer obtained after the reaction with the above-mentioned cross-linking agent; and the like.
- the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer produced by the production method of the present invention is 1 mol% or more based on all the structural units constituting the crosslinked copolymer. It is 35 mol% or less.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer produced by the production method of the present invention those described in the section of [Polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer] can be applied.
- the amount of water that can be absorbed by the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention (W 1 [g/g]) and the proportion of water that can be absorbed by plants (W 2 [%]) are the same as those in the crosslinked copolymer. It can be adjusted by the amount of the crosslinked structure and the amount of the constitutional units forming the carboxylate. W 1 can be increased by decreasing the amount of the crosslinked structure in the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer or by increasing the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate, and W 2 can be crosslinked. It can be increased by increasing the amount of the crosslinked structure in the copolymer or decreasing the amount of the structural units forming the carboxylate.
- the amount of water that can be absorbed by the plant per 1 g of the cross-linked copolymer is usually 100 g/g or less, preferably 80 g/g or less, more preferably 60 g/g or less.
- W 1 , W 2 and W 3 can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the standard deviation of the pure water absorption W 1 per 1 g of the crosslinked copolymer is preferably 0 or more and 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and further preferably 15 or less.
- the standard deviation is adjustable depending on the type of monomers constituting the crosslinked copolymer, the standard deviation is within the above range, it may represent the higher quality stability of the cross-linked copolymer for W 1.
- the present invention is also directed to a water retention material containing the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention.
- the present invention is further directed to the water retaining material for agriculture.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention contained in the water retention material may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the water retention material may contain additives as optional components.
- additives include starch, modified starch, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan, polysaccharides such as cellulose and the like; polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer.
- Polymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polysuccinic acid, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyamide 6,10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12 , Polyamide 6/12, polyhexamethylenediamine terephthalamide, polyhexamethylenediamine isophthalamide, polynonamethylenediamine terephthalamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytrimethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, Polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid ester, polyacrylic acid salt, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylic
- the total mass thereof may be within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, and is usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the water retention material. ..
- the polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer of the present invention exhibits high water absorption properties and excellent quality stability, in addition to the water-retaining material, it is commonly used for water-absorbing resins, such as baby diapers and infants.
- Absorbents in hygiene products such as diapers for children, diapers for children, diapers for adults, sanitary products, and protective underwear; Water permeation preventives in underground power cables or telecommunication cables; Carriers in drug delivery systems; Spills and discharges Absorbents for aqueous liquids; Absorbent coatings for paint, ink or colorant compositions; Carriers for controlled release of pesticides, herbicides, fragrances, and drugs; Flame retardant gels; Funeral pads; Surgical Pads; Wound dressings; Medical waste solidifiers; Absorbent pads and packaging materials for food products; Cosmetic gelling agents; Sealing composites; Filtration applications; Fuel monitoring systems for aircraft and automobiles; Water supply for cage animals. It can also be used for bodies, stationary water beds, toys that grow in water,
- the area of the peak (1625 to 1510 cm ⁇ 1 ) derived from the above was determined.
- the amount (unit: mol %) of the structural units forming the carboxylate salt in the cross-linked copolymer and the vinyl alcohol unit was calculated.
- 13.07 in the above formula is a coefficient for calculating the amount of the structural unit forming the carboxylate salt using the above formula with respect to the water absorbent resins produced in Examples and Comparative Examples. The coefficient was calculated from a calibration curve prepared in advance.
- Preparation Example 1 Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Copolymer Containing Unsaturated Monocarboxylic Acid-Based Structural Unit (Structural Unit Derived from Methyl Acrylate)
- a stirrer, a reflux cooling tube, a nitrogen introduction tube, and an initiator addition port were provided.
- 602 g of vinyl acetate (VAc), 1.21 g of methyl acrylate (MA) and 255 g of methanol were introduced, and the inside of the reactor was replaced with an inert gas for 30 minutes while bubbling nitrogen.
- the temperature in the reactor was raised by heating the water bath, and when the temperature reached 60° C., 0.16 g of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator was added to initiate polymerization.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- the reactor was connected to a vacuum line and the residual vinyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure with methanol at 30°C.
- Preparation Examples 2 to 7 Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Copolymer Containing Unsaturated Monocarboxylic Acid-Based Structural Unit
- the amount of each component, the consumption rate, and the amount of MA modification are shown in Table 1 instead of those described in Preparation Example 1.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer containing a constitutional unit derived from methyl acrylate was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the above-mentioned one was used.
- Each of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymers was in the form of particles.
- Preparation Example 8 Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Copolymer Containing Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acid Type Structural Unit (Structural Unit Derived from Dimethyl Maleate) Dimethyl maleate (MM) was used in place of methyl acrylate (MA). Polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except for obtaining a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc-PMM) containing a constitutional unit derived from dimethyl maleate. Then, a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer containing a constitutional unit derived from dimethyl maleate was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that PVAc-PMM was used instead of PVAc-PMA. The amount of each component, the consumption rate, and the amount of MM modification were set as shown in Table 1. The obtained polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer was particulate.
- Example 1 In a three-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 58.9 g of acetonitrile, 6.28 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.171 g of a 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, and the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer weight obtained in Preparation Example 1 were added. 20 g of the combined product was introduced and stirred at 23° C. to disperse the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer. 12.38 g of a 16.9 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was added dropwise over 15 minutes, and the mixture was heated to 65° C. and reacted for 6 hours.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer after the reaction was taken out by filtration and washed 6 times with 160 g of methanol. Then, the washed copolymer was introduced into a three-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, and 71 g of methanol, 13.3 g of ion-exchanged water, and 5.7 g of potassium hydroxide were added, and 65 The reaction was carried out at 0°C for 2 hours. The copolymer after the reaction was taken out by filtration, washed 6 times with 160 g of methanol, and dried in vacuum at 40° C. for 12 hours to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer containing the target acrylic acid-based structural unit. It was The above-mentioned (1) to (3) were measured for the obtained crosslinked copolymer. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 Production of a polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer containing the target acrylic acid-based constitutional unit in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the 25% by mass glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was changed from 0.171 g to 0.341 g. The measurement was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 Production of a polyvinyl alcohol-based cross-linked copolymer containing the target acrylic acid-based structural unit in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was changed from 0.171 g to 0.512 g. The measurement was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 2 was used in place of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 17.2 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.38 g of 16.9 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution.
- 12.42 g was used and the amounts of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide added were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.174 g and 2.4 g, respectively.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer containing the target acrylic acid-based structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 3 was used in place of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 13.5% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.38 g of 16.9% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution.
- 11.92 g was used and the addition amounts of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and the potassium hydroxide were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.131 g and 15 g, respectively.
- a polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer containing an acrylic acid structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 4 was used instead of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 12.1% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.38 g of 16.9% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 11.67 g was used and the amounts of the 25% by mass glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide added were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.31 g and 24 g, respectively. A polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer containing an acrylic acid structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 5 was used in place of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and a 10.0 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.38 g of a 16.9 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Using 11.35 g, in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide added were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.375 g and 26.2 g, respectively. A polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer containing the target acrylic acid-based structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 6 was used instead of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 17.7 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.69 g of 16.9 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution. In the same manner as in Example 1 except that 12.48 g was used and the amounts of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide added were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.18 g and 0.6 g, respectively. A polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer containing an acrylic acid structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative example 2 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 7 was used in place of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 8.0 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 12.38 g of 16.9 wt% sulfuric acid aqueous solution. In the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11.15 g was used and the amounts of the 25% by mass glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and potassium hydroxide added were changed from 0.171 g and 5.7 g to 0.37 g and 32.2 g, respectively. A polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked copolymer containing an acrylic acid structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 3 The polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 8 was used instead of the polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained in Preparation Example 1, and a 5.3% by mass aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used instead of 12.38 g of a 16.9% by mass aqueous sulfuric acid solution. Same as Example 1 except that 10.96 g was used, the amount of the 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was changed from 0.171 g to 0.343 g, and the amount of potassium hydroxide was changed from 5.7 g to 14.2 g. Then, a polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer containing a maleic acid-based structural unit was produced and measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the cross-linked copolymers of the present invention were water-absorbent resins capable of absorbing a larger amount of water that plants can absorb.
- the cross-linked copolymer of Comparative Example has a significantly small amount of pure water absorbed (Comparative Example 1) or a significantly small proportion of water that can be absorbed by the plant (Comparative Example 2), so that the plant absorbs it. It was able to absorb less of the possible water.
- the crosslinked copolymer of Comparative Example 3 had a large standard deviation value of the pure water absorption amount W1 per 1 g of the crosslinked copolymer, and was inferior in quality stability.
- the crosslinked copolymer of the present invention is modified with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or its derivative. Therefore, in the drying step after modification, it tends to occur in the cross-linked copolymer modified with a polyfunctional unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative, the cross-linking reaction between the carboxylic acid-derived carboxyl group and the hydroxyl group of the vinyl alcohol unit is unlikely to occur.
- the cross-linked copolymer of the present invention had higher quality stability.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention has higher quality stability. In addition to its water absorption capacity, it also has a high water release capacity. Therefore, the crosslinked copolymer can be used as a water absorbent resin. In addition, the plant can absorb more water that can be used for its growth from the polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer of the present invention, and thus can be suitably used as a water retention material for agriculture, for example.
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Abstract
Description
これらに鑑み、発明が解決しようとする課題は、より高い品質安定性を有し、植物がその生育に利用可能な水をより多く吸収できるように水の放出能が高い、架橋共重合体を提供することである。
即ち、本発明は、以下の好適な態様を包含する。
〔1〕不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体であって、当該架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1モル%以上35モル%以下であり、水への溶解度は90%以下である、ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔2〕前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体中のビニルアルコール単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して20モル%以上99モル%以下である、前記〔1〕に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔3〕前記カルボン酸塩のカウンターカチオンとしてカリウムイオンを含む、前記〔1〕または〔2〕に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔4〕前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1.5モル%以上15モル%以下である、前記〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔5〕前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体1g当たりの植物が吸収可能な水の量は10g以上100g以下である、前記〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔6〕前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体は、架橋構造としてアセタール構造を有する、前記〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔7〕前記アセタール構造は、少なくとも炭素数2~20の多官能性アルデヒドに由来する、前記〔6〕に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔8〕前記炭素数2~20の多官能性アルデヒドは、グリオキサール、マロンアルデヒド、スクシンアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、アジプアルデヒド、マレアルデヒド、フマルアルデヒド、タルタルアルデヒド、シトルアルデヒド、テレフタルアルデヒド、イソフタルアルデヒド、フタルアルデヒド、1,9-ノナンジアールおよびエチレンジアミンテトラアセトアルデヒドからなる群から選択される1種以上の多官能性アルデヒドである、前記〔7〕に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔9〕前記不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位は、アクリル酸若しくはその誘導体またはメタクリル酸若しくはその誘導体に由来する、前記〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
〔10〕不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体と架橋剤とを反応させる工程を含む、ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造方法であって、当該架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1モル%以上35モル%以下である、方法。
〔11〕前記ポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を膨潤させることが可能な溶媒の存在下、当該溶媒で膨潤したポリビニルアルコール系共重合体粒子と架橋剤とを反応させる工程を含む、前記〔10〕に記載の方法。
〔12〕前記〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体を含む、保水材。
〔13〕農業用である、前記〔12〕に記載の保水材。
本発明のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体に含まれる不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位は、1種若しくは複数種の不飽和モノカルボン酸若しくはその誘導体に由来する。そのような不飽和モノカルボン酸およびその誘導体は、本発明における特定の前記構成単位量および特定の上記溶解度をもたらす限り特に限定されない。不飽和モノカルボン酸の誘導体の例は、不飽和モノカルボン酸の無水物、エステル化物および中和物等を包含する。
前記構成単位量の量、後述のアセタール化度および後述のビニルアルコール単位の量は、従来公知の方法で測定できる。そのような方法の例は、固体NMR(核磁気共鳴分光法)、FTIR(フーリエ変換赤外分光法)および酸塩基滴定(一定量の無水酢酸と反応させた際の無水酢酸の消費量から算出する方法)を包含する。架橋共重合体が未知の構成単位を含む場合は、測定方法として固体NMRを採用することが好ましい。なお、本発明において「構成単位」とは重合体を構成する繰り返し単位のことを意味し、例えばビニルアルコール単位は「1単位」、2単位のビニルアルコール単位がアセタール化された構造は「2単位」と数えることとする。
特に、多官能性不飽和カルボン酸およびその誘導体に由来する構成単位の含有量は、好ましくは10モル%以下、より好ましくは5モル%以下、さらに好ましくは1モル%以下、さらにより好ましくは0モル%である。これは、そのような構成単位のカルボキシル基の含有量が多い場合、架橋共重合体の製造時において、ビニルアルコール単位の水酸基との架橋反応が生じやすくなり、その結果、品質安定性が低下する可能性があるためである。
本発明はまた、不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体と架橋剤とを反応させる工程を含む、ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造方法であって、当該架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1モル%以上35モル%以下である、方法も対象とする。
本発明の製造方法により製造されるポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の詳細および好ましい態様等については、[ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体]の項において既述したものを適用できる。
保水材に含まれる本発明のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体は、1種であってもよく、2種以上の混合物であってもよい。
(1)カルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量およびビニルアルコール単位の量
実施例および比較例で製造した吸水性樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体)について、Thermo SCIENCE社製の赤外分光光度計「Nicolet iS10」を用いてIR測定を行った。得られたIRスペクトルにおいて、ビニルアルコール単位およびカルボン酸系構成単位のメチレン基およびメチン基に由来するピーク(2990~2560cm-1)の面積とカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位のカルボキシレート基に由来するピーク(1625~1510cm-1)の面積とを求めた。
次いで、実施例および比較例で製造した吸水性樹脂に関して、下記式に基づいて、架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量(単位:モル%)およびビニルアルコール単位の量(単位:モル%)を算出した。
前記式における13.07は、実施例および比較例で製造した吸水性樹脂に関して、前記式を用いてカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量を計算するための係数である。当該係数は事前に作成した検量線から求めた。
25℃の純水100mLに実施例および比較例で製造した架橋共重合体0.1gを加え、6時間静置した。静置後の混合物をテトロンメッシュ(280メッシュ)により自然濾過し、濾取したゲルを40℃で12時間減圧乾燥し、下記式に基づいて、架橋共重合体の水への溶解度S(単位:%)を算出した。
まず、JIS K 7223に準じて、実施例および比較例で製造した架橋共重合体の純水吸収量を測定し(試料数:n=3)、下記式に基づいて、架橋共重合体1g当たりの純水吸収量W1(単位:g/g)の平均値および標準偏差を算出した。
本発明において「植物が吸収可能な水の割合」〔W2(単位:%)〕とは、架橋共重合体の飽和吸水量に対する植物が吸収可能な水の割合を意味する。この割合W2は、遠心分離法により簡易的に求めることができる。本発明では、下記方法によりW2を求めた。
試料としての、架橋共重合体の質量に対して50質量倍の水を吸水させた架橋共重合体2.4gをシリンジに導入し、このシリンジを、株式会社コクサン製小型遠心分離機「H-36」の中心から10.2cmの位置になるように遠心管内部に固定した。遠心分離機を2200rpmで60分間回転させ、下記式に基づいて植物が吸収可能な水の割合W2および架橋共重合体1g当たりの植物が吸収可能な水の量W3(単位:g/g)を算出した。ただし、架橋共重合体が50質量倍の水を吸収できない場合は、飽和吸水させた樹脂2.4gをシリンジに導入した。
JIS K 7223の試料設置方法に準じて、実施例および比較例で得られた架橋共重合体を1.44g/L塩化カルシウム溶液に6時間浸漬した。テトロン280メッシュを用い、塩化カルシウム溶液を吸収させた架橋共重合体と、架橋共重合体に吸収されなかった塩化カルシウム溶液とを濾別し、下記式を用いて架橋共重合体1g当たりのCaCl2溶液吸収量W4(単位:g/g)を算出した。
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定装置(株式会社堀場製作所製 LA-950V2)により、調製例で製造したポリビニルアルコール系共重合体並びに実施例および比較例で製造した架橋共重合体の平均粒子径を測定した。
撹拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、および開始剤の添加口を備えた反応器に、酢酸ビニル(VAc)602g、アクリル酸メチル(MA)1.21g、メタノール255gを導入し、窒素バブリングをしながら30分間反応器内を不活性ガス置換した。水浴の加熱により反応器内の温度を上昇させ、当該温度が60℃になったところで、開始剤としてのアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)0.16gを添加し、重合を開始した。適宜サンプリングを行い、その固形分濃度から重合の進行を確認し、導入した酢酸ビニルとアクリル酸メチルとの合計質量に対する、重合により消費された酢酸ビニルとアクリル酸メチルとの合計質量である、消費率(Conv.)を求めた。消費率が4%に到達したところで、反応器内の温度を30℃に冷却して重合を停止した。反応器を真空ラインに接続し、残留する酢酸ビニルをメタノールとともに30℃で減圧留去した。反応器内を目視で確認しながら、粘度が上昇したところで適宜メタノールを添加しながら留去を続け、5.2モル%のアクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位を含むポリ酢酸ビニル(PVAc-PMA)を得た。ここで、アクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位の量(MA変性量)は、固体NMRにより測定した。
次に、前記反応器と同様の反応器に、得られたPVAc-PMA1gおよびメタノール18.2gを導入し、PVAc-PMAをメタノールに溶解させた。水浴の加熱により、反応器内の温度が70℃になるまで反応器内容物を撹拌しながら加熱した。次いで、水酸化ナトリウムのメタノール溶液(濃度:15質量%)0.78gを添加し、70℃で2時間鹸化を行った。得られた溶液を濾過し、5.2モル%のアクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系共重合体は粒子状であった。
各成分量、消費率およびMA変性量について、調製例1に記載のものに代えて表1に記載のものを採用したこと以外は調製例1と同様にして、アクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を得た。得られたポリビニルアルコール系共重合体はいずれも粒子状であった。
アクリル酸メチル(MA)に代えてマレイン酸ジメチル(MM)を用いたこと以外は調製例1と同様にして重合を行い、マレイン酸ジメチルに由来する構成単位を含むポリ酢酸ビニル(PVAc-PMM)を得た。次いで、PVAc-PMAに代えてPVAc-PMMを用いたこと以外は調製例1と同様にして、マレイン酸ジメチルに由来する構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を得た。各成分量、消費率およびMM変性量については表1に記載の通りになるようにした。得られたポリビニルアルコール系共重合体は粒子状であった。
還流冷却管および撹拌翼を備え付けた三つ口セパラブルフラスコに、アセトニトリル58.9g、イオン交換水6.28g、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液0.171g、調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体20gを導入し、23℃で撹拌し、ポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を分散させた。16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gを15分かけて滴加し、混合物を65℃に昇温して6時間反応させた。反応後のポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を濾過により取り出し、160gのメタノールで6回洗浄した。次いで、洗浄後の共重合体を還流冷却管および撹拌翼を備え付けた三つ口セパラブルフラスコに導入し、メタノール71g、イオン交換水13.3g、および水酸化カリウム5.7gを添加し、65℃で2時間反応させた。反応後の共重合体を濾過により取り出し、160gのメタノールで6回洗浄し、40℃で12時間真空乾燥を行うことにより、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体を得た。得られた架橋共重合体について、上述の(1)~(3)の測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液の添加量を0.171gから0.341gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液の添加量を0.171gから0.512gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例2で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて17.2質量%硫酸水溶液12.42gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.174gおよび2.4gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例3で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて13.5質量%硫酸水溶液11.92gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.131gおよび15gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例4で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて12.1質量%硫酸水溶液11.67gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.31gおよび24gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例5で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて10.0質量%硫酸水溶液11.35gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.375gおよび26.2gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、目的のアクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例6で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて17.7質量%硫酸水溶液12.48gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.18gおよび0.6gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、アクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例7で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて8.0質量%硫酸水溶液11.15gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液および水酸化カリウムの添加量をそれぞれ0.171gおよび5.7gから0.37gおよび32.2gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、アクリル酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
調製例1で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体に代えて調製例8で得たポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を用い、16.9質量%硫酸水溶液12.38gに代えて5.3質量%硫酸水溶液10.96gを用い、25質量%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液の量を0.171gから0.343gに変更し、水酸化カリウムの量を5.7gから14.2gに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、マレイン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造および測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。
また、本発明の架橋共重合体は、不飽和モノカルボン酸またはその誘導体により変性されたものである。よって、変性後の乾燥工程において、多官能性不飽和カルボン酸またはその誘導体により変性された架橋共重合体では生じやすくなる、カルボン酸由来カルボキシル基とビニルアルコール単位の水酸基との架橋反応は生じにくく、本発明の架橋共重合体は、より高い品質安定性を有するものであった。
Claims (13)
- 不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体であって、当該架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1モル%以上35モル%以下であり、水への溶解度は90%以下である、ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体中のビニルアルコール単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して20モル%以上99モル%以下である、請求項1に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記カルボン酸塩のカウンターカチオンとしてカリウムイオンを含む、請求項1または2に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1.5モル%以上15モル%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体1g当たりの植物が吸収可能な水の量は10g以上100g以下である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体は、架橋構造としてアセタール構造を有する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記アセタール構造は、少なくとも炭素数2~20の多官能性アルデヒドに由来する、請求項6に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記炭素数2~20の多官能性アルデヒドは、グリオキサール、マロンアルデヒド、スクシンアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、アジプアルデヒド、マレアルデヒド、フマルアルデヒド、タルタルアルデヒド、シトルアルデヒド、テレフタルアルデヒド、イソフタルアルデヒド、フタルアルデヒド、1,9-ノナンジアールおよびエチレンジアミンテトラアセトアルデヒドからなる群から選択される1種以上の多官能性アルデヒドである、請求項7に記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 前記不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位は、アクリル酸若しくはその誘導体またはメタクリル酸若しくはその誘導体に由来する、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体。
- 不飽和モノカルボン酸系構成単位を含むポリビニルアルコール系共重合体と架橋剤とを反応させる工程を含む、ポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体の製造方法であって、当該架橋共重合体中のカルボン酸塩を形成している構成単位の量は、当該架橋共重合体を構成する全構成単位に対して1モル%以上35モル%以下である、方法。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系共重合体を膨潤させることが可能な溶媒の存在下、当該溶媒で膨潤したポリビニルアルコール系共重合体粒子と架橋剤とを反応させる工程を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のポリビニルアルコール系架橋共重合体を含む、保水材。
- 農業用である、請求項12に記載の保水材。
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| EP4170747A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-26 | SK Innovation Co., Ltd. | Binder for secondary battery, negative electrode for secondary battery including the same, and lithium secondary battery including the same |
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| CN114583169A (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | Sk新技术株式会社 | 二次电池负极用粘合剂、包含该粘合剂的二次电池用负极以及包括该负极的锂二次电池 |
| CN114583169B (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2025-10-14 | Sk新能源株式会社 | 二次电池负极用粘合剂、包含该粘合剂的二次电池用负极以及包括该负极的锂二次电池 |
| EP4170747A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-26 | SK Innovation Co., Ltd. | Binder for secondary battery, negative electrode for secondary battery including the same, and lithium secondary battery including the same |
| US12555790B2 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2026-02-17 | Sk On Co., Ltd. | Binder for secondary battery, negative electrode for secondary battery including the same, and lithium secondary battery including the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7411573B2 (ja) | 2024-01-11 |
| US12240928B2 (en) | 2025-03-04 |
| JPWO2020138356A1 (ja) | 2021-11-11 |
| TW202037620A (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
| US20220081502A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
| CN113242864B (zh) | 2024-05-28 |
| CN113242864A (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
| KR20210110574A (ko) | 2021-09-08 |
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