WO2020134978A1 - 电池模组 - Google Patents

电池模组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134978A1
WO2020134978A1 PCT/CN2019/123693 CN2019123693W WO2020134978A1 WO 2020134978 A1 WO2020134978 A1 WO 2020134978A1 CN 2019123693 W CN2019123693 W CN 2019123693W WO 2020134978 A1 WO2020134978 A1 WO 2020134978A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
height direction
battery module
main body
along
end surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/123693
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈少镇
苏立擂
郑仁蔚
陈智明
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020207034273A priority Critical patent/KR20210103930A/ko
Publication of WO2020134978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134978A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery module.
  • the cushion is used as a cushioning material and is arranged between the batteries.
  • the shape of the existing buffer pad is rectangular or a frame with an opening in the middle. When pressed, the end surface of the buffer pad in the height direction may exceed the surface of the battery in the height direction, which may affect the outer size of the battery module and the battery edge. The flatness of the surface in the height direction.
  • the buffer pad when the buffer pad is pressed between the batteries by the assembly force of the battery module, the buffer pad will be pressed out of the battery in the height direction
  • the bottom surface causes the bottom of the battery module to be uneven and the height of the adhesive layer to be uneven, resulting in inconsistent bonding strength of the battery and affecting the life of the battery module.
  • the cushion pad exceeds the bottom surface of the battery in the height direction, which makes the bottom of the battery module uneven and affects the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery module that does not affect the flatness of the corresponding surface of the battery in the height direction.
  • the present application provides a battery module, which includes: a plurality of batteries arranged in sequence along a length direction; a cushion pad disposed between two adjacent batteries along a length direction; the cushion pad includes: a body portion ;
  • the extension portion extends outward from the end surface of the main body portion in the height direction, the extension portion includes a concave portion and a convex portion, the convex portion is located on both sides of the extension portion in the width direction and protrudes outward, and the concave portion is located between the convex portions in the width direction And the concave part is concave inward.
  • the surface of the recess is a curved surface.
  • the surface of the recess is flat.
  • a chamfer or a rounded corner is provided between the convex portion and the concave portion.
  • the angle between the end surface of the main body portion in the height direction and the extension portion is not greater than 90°.
  • a chamfer or a rounded corner is provided between the end surface of the main body portion in the height direction and the extending portion.
  • the height of the concave portion recessed inward in the height direction is smaller than the height of the convex portion protruding from the end surface of the main body portion in the height direction.
  • the outer surface of the convex portion is a curved surface.
  • the extending portion is provided on the lower end surface of the main body portion in the height direction.
  • the extending portion is provided on the upper end surface of the main body portion in the height direction.
  • both the upper end surface of the main body portion in the height direction and the lower end surface of the main body portion in the height direction are provided with extension portions.
  • the extension portion provided at the upper end surface of the main body portion in the height direction and the extension portion provided at the lower end surface of the main body portion in the height direction are mirror-symmetric with respect to the main body portion.
  • the battery module further includes a heat exchange plate, which is disposed and fixed on the lower side of the plurality of batteries in the height direction.
  • the apex of the convex portion does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery in the height direction.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: When the cushion is subjected to compressive force in the longitudinal direction, the compressive force received by the cushion is concentrated to the concave and convex portions of the extension portion, the concave portion of the extension portion is deformed to protrude outward, and is located in the concave portion
  • the convex parts on both sides are deformed by the concave parts in the width direction to be larger than the overall deformation of the cushion pad in the height direction, to ensure that the cushion pad does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery in the height direction, and thus does not affect the battery in the height direction Corresponding to the flatness of the surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of the battery module of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the battery module of FIG. 1 from another angle, where the heat exchange plate is not shown.
  • FIG. 3 is an assembled perspective view of a battery and a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of another embodiment of the cushion of the battery module.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 7, showing a modification of the extension of the cushion of the battery module.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 7, which shows another modification of the extension of the cushion of the battery module.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of still another embodiment of the cushion of the battery module.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of the battery module of the present application.
  • 2 is a perspective view of the battery module of FIG. 1 from another angle, where the heat exchange plate is not shown.
  • 3 is an assembled perspective view of a battery and a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 1.
  • 6 is a plan view of a cushion of the battery module of FIG. 5.
  • 7 is a plan view of another embodiment of the cushion of the battery module.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 7, which shows a modification of the extension of the cushion of the battery module.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 7, which shows another modification of the extension of the cushion of the battery module.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of still another embodiment of the cushion of the battery module.
  • the battery module of the present application includes: a plurality of batteries 1 arranged in sequence along the length direction L; and a buffer pad 2 disposed between two adjacent batteries 1 along the length direction L.
  • the battery module further includes a heat exchange plate 3, which is arranged and fixed on the lower side of the plurality of batteries 1 along the height direction H.
  • the battery 1 is a hard-shell battery (or referred to as a can-type battery), and includes an electrode assembly (not shown), a case 11, a top cover 12, a pole 13, and an explosion-proof valve 14.
  • the casing 11 includes a bottom surface 111 and a large surface 112, and a receiving cavity is formed inside the casing 11 to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator that separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator may be wound and formed, or the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator may be laminated and formed. Both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet include a current collector and an active material layer provided on the current collector.
  • the cushion 2 includes a body portion 21 and an extension portion 22; the extension portion 22 extends outward from the end surface 221 of the body portion 21 in the height direction H.
  • the extending portion 22 includes a concave portion 221 and a convex portion 222.
  • the convex portion 222 is located on both sides of the extended portion 22 in the width direction W and protrudes outward.
  • the concave portion 221 is located between the convex portions 222 in the width direction W and is concave inward relative to the convex portion 222.
  • the term “outward” here refers to a direction toward the main body portion 21 and “inward” refers to a direction away from the main body portion 21.
  • the extension 22 When the cushion 2 receives a pressing force in the longitudinal direction L, due to the principle of minimum resistance during deformation, the extension 22 preferentially deforms and flows through the end surface 221 of the main body 21, and the pressing force received by the cushion 2 concentrates on the extension 22
  • the concave portion 221 and the convex portion 222, the concave portion 221 of the extension portion 22 is deformed by force and protrudes outward, the convex portions 222 on both sides of the concave portion 221 are pressed by the concave portion 221, and the deformation in the width direction W is greater than that of the entire cushion 2
  • the deformation along the height direction H ensures that the cushion pad 2 does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery 1 along the height direction H (ie, the corresponding bottom surface 111 or top surface 121), and thus does not affect the flatness of the corresponding surface of the battery 1 along the height direction H Sex.
  • the cushion pad 2 is usually made of an elastic compressible material, which can ensure that each battery 1 has sufficient expansion space to prevent lithium precipitation when the battery 1 is a lithium ion battery, and the cushion pad 2 can also play a role of heat insulation.
  • the main body of the cushion 2 may have a flat structure.
  • extension portion 22 Only the lower end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 along the height direction H may be provided with the extension portion 22.
  • the extension portion 22 may be provided only on the upper end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 along the height direction H. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 and 10, the upper end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H and the lower end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H may be provided with extensions 22.
  • the number of the extension portions 22 may be one or more. In the embodiments shown in FIGS.
  • the number of extensions 22 is not limited to this, and can be set according to specific needs, and the arrangement of the extensions 22 can also be selected according to design needs.
  • the lower end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H is provided with an extension portion 22.
  • the cushion pad 2 receives the length When squeezed in the direction L, due to the presence of the concave portion 221 and the convex portion 222 of the extension portion 22, it is ensured that the lowest surface of the cushion pad 2 does not exceed the bottom surface 111 of the battery 1, which can ensure that the bottom adhesive layer of the battery 1 is flat and uniform
  • the convex portion 222 of the extension portion 22 and the main body portion 21 are located at the lower end surface 211 along the height direction H to form a gap G
  • the gap G corresponds to the overflow space, when the bottom glue When it overflows to this place, when the battery module receives the impact force in the longitudinal direction L, the tangential force provided by the adhesive layer can reduce the impact force of the battery module.
  • the lowest surface of the cushion pad 2 does not exceed the bottom surface 111 of the battery 1 when pressed, and thus does not cause multiple batteries
  • the bottom of 1 is not flat, so it will not reduce the heat exchange efficiency, excluding the impact of the cushion 2 on the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the upper end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 along the height direction H is also provided with an extension portion 22. Due to the existence of the concave portion 221 and the convex portion 222 of the extension portion 22, the highest surface of the cushion pad 2 is ensured not to exceed the top surface 121 of the battery 1 , Does not interfere with the installation of other components of the battery module.
  • the extension portion 22 provided at the upper end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H and the extension portion 22 provided at the lower end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H are opposite to the main body
  • the portion 21 is mirror-symmetrical, and even when the cushion 2 is installed upside down, it will not affect its use and improve versatility.
  • the angle ⁇ between the end surface 211 of the main body portion 21 in the height direction H and the extension 22 is not greater than 90°
  • the angle ⁇ in FIG. 6 is a right angle
  • the angle ⁇ in FIG. 7 is an acute angle .
  • the concave portion 221 When the concave portion 221 is deformed and flowed due to the compression of the cushion 2, the concave portion 221 protrudes outward due to the deformed flow, the concave portion 221 tends to be flat, and the convex portions 222 on both sides of the concave portion 221 are more likely to be compressed by the concave portion 221 along the width
  • the direction W is deformed to both sides, so that the displacement of the convex portion 222 in the height direction H is small, and it is reliably guaranteed that the apex P of the extension portion 22 of the cushion 2 does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H (that is, the corresponding The bottom surface 111 or the top surface 121) does not affect the flatness of the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H.
  • a chamfer or a rounded corner is provided between the end surface 211 of the main body 21 in the height direction H and the extension 22, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 10, the end surface 211 of the main body 21 in the height direction H
  • a rounded corner is provided between the extension 22 and a chamfered or rounded corner can also avoid stress concentration at a sharp corner.
  • the surface of the concave portion 221 may be a curved surface, as shown in FIG. 8, or a flat surface.
  • the surface of the arc surface deforms the concave portion 221 to protrude outward, and the convex portions 222 located on both sides of the concave portion 221 are compressed by the concave portion 221 to a greater extent than the convex portion 222 Due to the extent to which the entire cushion 2 is pressed and deformed upward or downward in the height direction H, it is reliably ensured that the apex P of the extending portion 22 of the cushion 2 does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H.
  • the flat surface makes it easier to mold the recess 221, which reduces the processing difficulty and costs.
  • the outer surface of the convex portion 222 may be a curved surface, as shown in FIG. 9, or a flat surface.
  • the flat outer surface makes the convex portion 222 contact with the bottom of the battery module more flat, although the outer surface of the arc surface makes The contact area of the convex portion 222 and the bottom of the battery module is small, and the contact flatness is not as good as the flat outer surface, but the outer surface of the arc surface is favorable for guiding the overflow of the glue when the bottom is coated with glue.
  • the surface of the concave portion 221 is a flat surface, a rounded corner is provided between the convex portion 222 and the concave portion 221, and a chamfer can also be provided between the convex portion 222 and the concave portion 221 to prevent a sudden change in size resulting in stress concentration The phenomenon, improve the service life of the cushion 2.
  • the height H1 of the concave portion 221 recessed inward in the height direction H is smaller than the height H2 of the convex portion 222 protruding from the end surface 211 of the body portion 21 in the height direction H.
  • the existence of such a height difference satisfies that the concave portion 221 does not exceed the convex portion 222 when protruding outward in the height direction H at the time of pressing, and does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H, and can ensure the protrusion strength.
  • the apex P of the convex portion 222 of the extension 22 of the cushion 2 does not exceed the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H (ie, corresponding to the bottom surface 111 or the top surface 121 ).
  • the cushion 2 when the cushion 2 receives a pressing force in the longitudinal direction L, the pressing force received by the cushion 2 concentrates on the concave portion 221 and the convex portion 222 of the extending portion 22, and the concave portion 221 of the extending portion 22 is deformed by force Protruding outward, the convex portions 222 located on both sides of the concave portion 221 are deformed by the concave portion 221 in the width direction W more than the deformation of the entire cushion 2 in the height direction H, to ensure that the cushion 2 does not exceed the battery 1 along the height
  • the corresponding surface in the direction H does not affect the flatness of the corresponding surface of the battery 1 in the height direction H.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池模组，其包括：多个电池（1），沿长度方向依次排列；缓冲垫（2），沿长度方向（L）设置于相邻两个电池（1）之间；缓冲垫（2）包括：主体部（21）；延伸部（22），从主体部（21）沿高度方向（H）的端面（221）向外延伸出，延伸部（22）包括凹部（221）以及凸部（222），凸部（222）沿宽度方向（W）位于延伸部（22）的两侧且向外突出，凹部（221）沿宽度方向（W）位于凸部（222）之间且相对凸部（222）向内凹入。缓冲垫（2）受到沿长度方向（L）的挤压力时，缓冲垫（2）受到的挤压力集中到延伸部（22）的凹部（221）和凸部（222），延伸部的凹部（221）受力变形而向外突出，位于凹部（221）两侧的凸部（222）受凹部挤压沿宽度方向（W）的变形大于缓冲垫（2）整体受挤压沿高度方向（H）的变形，保证缓冲垫（2）不会超出电池（1）沿高度方向（H）的对应表面，进而不会影响电池（1）沿高度方向（H）的对应表面的平整性。

Description

电池模组 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池模组。
背景技术
在电池模组的结构中，缓冲垫作为一种缓冲材料，设置于电池之间。现有的缓冲垫的形状为长方形或者为中间开口的框形，受到挤压时缓冲垫沿高度方向的端面可能会超出电池沿高度方向的表面，进而会影响电池模组的外尺寸和电池沿高度方向的表面的平整性。一方面需要在电池模组的底部涂胶的情形下，如果使用现有的缓冲垫，缓冲垫在电池之间受到电池模组装配力挤压时，缓冲垫会被压出电池沿高度方向的底表面，导致电池模组底部不平整，胶层高度不均匀，导致电池的粘接强度不一致，而影响电池模组的寿命。另一方面在电池模组的底部设置换热板而用于电池换热的情形下，缓冲垫超出电池沿高度方向的底表面，使电池模组底部不平整，影响换热效率。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的缺陷，本申请的目的在于提供一种电池模组，其不会影响电池沿高度方向的对应表面的平整性。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种电池模组，其包括：多个电池，沿长度方向依次排列；缓冲垫，沿长度方向设置于相邻两个电池之间；缓冲垫包括：主体部；延伸部，从主体部沿高度方向的端面向外延伸出，延伸部包括凹部以及凸部，凸部沿宽度方向位于延伸部的两侧且向外突出，凹部沿宽度方向位于凸部之间且相对凸部向内凹入。
在一实施例中，凹部的表面为弧面。
在一实施例中，凹部的表面为平面。
在一实施例中，凸部与凹部之间设置有倒角或圆角。
在一实施例中，主体部沿高度方向的端面与延伸部之间的夹角不大于90 °。
在一实施例中，主体部沿高度方向的端面与延伸部之间设置有倒角或圆角。
在一实施例中，凹部沿高度方向向内凹入的高度小于凸部从主体部沿高度方向的端面突出的高度。
在一实施例中，凸部的外表面为弧面。
在一实施例中，延伸部设置于主体部沿高度方向的下侧的端面。
在一实施例中，延伸部设置于主体部沿高度方向的上侧的端面。
在一实施例中，主体部沿高度方向的上侧的端面和主体部沿高度方向的下侧的端面均设置有延伸部。
在一实施例中，主体部沿高度方向的上侧的端面处设置的延伸部与主体部沿高度方向的下侧的端面处设置的延伸部相对主体部镜像对称。
在一实施例中，电池模组还包括换热板，设置并固定于多个电池沿高度方向的下侧。
在一实施例中，凸部的顶点不超出电池沿高度方向的对应表面。
本申请的有益效果如下：缓冲垫受到沿长度方向的挤压力时，缓冲垫受到的挤压力集中到延伸部的凹部和凸部，延伸部的凹部受力变形而向外突出，位于凹部两侧的凸部受凹部挤压沿宽度方向的变形大于缓冲垫整体受挤压沿高度方向的变形，保证缓冲垫不会超出电池沿高度方向的对应表面，进而不会影响电池沿高度方向的对应表面的平整性。
附图说明
图1是本申请的电池模组的部分分解立体图。
图2是图1的电池模组的另一角度的立体图，其中换热板未示出。
图3是图1的电池模组的电池和缓冲垫的组装立体图。
图4是图3的侧视图。
图5是图1的电池模组的缓冲垫的一实施例的立体图。
图6是图5的电池模组的缓冲垫的平面图。
图7是电池模组的缓冲垫的另一实施例的平面图。
图8是图7中部分A的放大图，其中示出电池模组的缓冲垫的延伸部的 一变形例。
图9是图7中部分A的放大图，其中示出电池模组的缓冲垫的延伸部的另一变形例。
图10是电池模组的缓冲垫的再一实施例的平面图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1电池                  22延伸部
11壳体                 221凹部
111底面                222凸部
112大面                3换热板
12顶盖                 G缺口
121顶面                L长度方向
13极柱                 H高度方向
14防爆阀               W宽度方向
2缓冲垫                P顶点
21主体部               H1高度
211端面                H2高度
具体实施方式
附图示出本申请的实施例，且将理解的是，所公开的实施例仅仅是本申请的示例，本申请可以以各种形式实施，因此，本文公开的具体细节不应被解释为限制，而是仅作为权利要求的基础且作为表示性的基础用于教导本领域普通技术人员以各种方式实施本申请。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。
图1是本申请的电池模组的部分分解立体图。图2是图1的电池模组的另一角度的立体图，其中换热板未示出。图3是图1的电池模组的电池和缓冲垫的组装立体图。图4是图3的侧视图。图5是图1的电池模组的缓冲垫的一实施例的立体图。图6是图5的电池模组的缓冲垫的平面图。图7是电池模组的缓冲垫的另一实施例的平面图。图8是图7中部分A的放大图，其 中示出电池模组的缓冲垫的延伸部的一变形例。图9是图7中部分A的放大图，其中示出电池模组的缓冲垫的延伸部的另一变形例。图10是电池模组的缓冲垫的再一实施例的平面图。
本申请的电池模组包括：多个电池1，沿长度方向L依次排列；缓冲垫2，沿长度方向L设置于相邻两个电池1之间。电池模组还包括换热板3，设置并固定于多个电池1沿高度方向H的下侧。
电池1为硬壳电池(或称为罐型电池)，包括电极组件(未示出)、壳体11、顶盖12、极柱13以及防爆阀14。壳体11包括底面111和大面112，壳体11的内部形成收容腔，以容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件包括正极片、负极片以及将正极片和负极片间隔开的隔离膜。电极组件可以将正极片、负极片以及隔离膜卷绕成型或将正极片、负极片以及隔离膜层叠成型。正极片、负极片均包括集流体和设置在集流体上的活性物质层。
在图中所示的示例中，缓冲垫2包括主体部21和延伸部22；延伸部22从主体部21沿高度方向H的端面221向外延伸出。延伸部22包括凹部221以及凸部222，凸部222沿宽度方向W位于延伸部22的两侧且向外突出，凹部221沿宽度方向W位于凸部222之间且相对凸部222向内凹入。这里的术语“向外”是指靠近主体部21的方向且“向内”是指远离主体部21的方向。
当缓冲垫2受到沿长度方向L的挤压力时，由于变形时的阻力最小原理，延伸部22优先于主体部21的端面221变形流动，缓冲垫2受到的挤压力集中到延伸部22的凹部221和凸部222，延伸部22的凹部221受力变形而向外突出，位于凹部221两侧的凸部222受凹部221挤压沿宽度方向W的变形大于缓冲垫2整体受挤压沿高度方向H的变形，保证缓冲垫2不会超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面(即对应的底面111或顶面121)，进而不会影响电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面的平整性。缓冲垫2通常由弹性可压缩材料制成，能保证各电池1具有足够的膨胀空间以防止电池1为锂离子电池时的析锂跳水，缓冲垫2还能起到隔热的作用。缓冲垫2的主体部可为平板状结构。
延伸部22的设置方式有多种：可以是仅主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211设置有延伸部22。也可以是仅主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的 端面211设置有延伸部22。如图1至图7以及图10所示，还可以是主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的端面211和主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211均设置有延伸部22。延伸部22的设置数量可为一个或多个，在图1至图7所示的实施例中，设置于主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211和设置于主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的端面211的延伸部22都为两个，在图10所示的实施例中，设置于主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211的延伸部22为一个，设置于主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的端面211的延伸部22为两个。延伸部22的设置数量不限于此，可根据具体需要设置，延伸部22的设置方式也可根据设计需要选择。
参照图1至图10，主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211设置有延伸部22，通过在多个电池1的底部涂胶固定电池模组的情形下，缓冲垫2受到沿长度方向L的挤压时，因延伸部22的凹部221和凸部222的存在，保证缓冲垫2的最低表面不会超出电池1的底面111，能够保证电池1的底部胶层平整、胶层均匀，使粘接强度一致而粘接牢固，而且延伸部22的凸部222与主体部21沿高度方向H位于下侧的端面211形成缺口G，缺口G对应溢胶空间，底部涂胶时胶会溢到该处，在电池模组受到长度方向L的冲击力时，胶层提供的切向力可以减弱电池模组的冲击力。在多个电池1的下侧设置换热板3实现电池1的热交换的情形下，缓冲垫2的最低表面在受到挤压时不会超出电池1的底面111，进而不会导致多个电池1的底部不平整，因此不会降低换热效率，排除缓冲垫2对换热效率的影响。主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的端面211也设置有延伸部22，因延伸部22的凹部221和凸部222的存在，保证缓冲垫2的最高表面不会超出电池1的顶面121，不干涉电池模组的其它部件的安装。
如图1至图7所示，主体部21沿高度方向H的上侧的端面211处设置的延伸部22与主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211处设置的延伸部22相对主体部21镜像对称，即使在缓冲垫2颠倒安装时，也不会影响其使用，提高通用性。
参照图6和图7，主体部21沿高度方向H的端面211与延伸部22之间的夹角φ不大于90°，图6中夹角φ为直角，且图7中夹角φ为锐角。使凹部221因缓冲垫2受到挤压而变形流动时，因变形流动凹部221向外突出、 凹部221趋于平整，位于凹部221两侧的凸部222更容易受到凹部221的挤压而沿宽度方向W向两侧变形，使凸部222沿高度方向H变形产生的位移很小，可靠保证缓冲垫2的延伸部22的顶点P不会超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面(即对应的底面111或顶面121)，不会影响电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面的平整性。
由于成型时模具本身的限制，主体部21沿高度方向H的端面211与延伸部22之间设置有倒角或圆角，如图4至图10所示主体部21沿高度方向H的端面211与延伸部22之间设置有圆角，设置倒角或圆角也能够避免尖角的应力集中。
如图3至图7以及图9和图10所示，凹部221的表面可为弧面，如图8所示，也可为平面。缓冲垫2受到挤压时，弧面的表面使凹部221变形而向外突出，位于凹部221两侧的凸部222受到凹部221的挤压沿宽度方向W向两侧变形的程度大于凸部222因缓冲垫2整体受到挤压沿高度方向H向上或向下变形的程度，可靠保证缓冲垫2的延伸部22的顶点P不会超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面。平面的表面使凹部221成型更简单，而降低加工难度、降低成本。
如图3至图8以及图10所示，凸部222的外表面可为弧面，如图9所示，也可为平面。以设置于主体部21沿高度方向H的下侧的端面211的延伸部22为例，平面的外表面使凸部222与电池模组底部接触的平面度更好，虽然弧面的外表面使凸部222与电池模组底部接触面积小，接触平整度不如平面的外表面，但是弧面的外表面有利于底部涂有胶时引导胶溢流。
如图8所示，凹部221的表面为平面，凸部222与凹部221之间设置有圆角，凸部222与凹部221之间也可设置有倒角，以防止尺寸急剧变化而导致应力集中的现象，提高缓冲垫2的使用寿命。
参照图7，凹部221沿高度方向H向内凹入的高度H1小于凸部222从主体部21沿高度方向H的端面211突出的高度H2。这种高度差的存在满足凹部221在挤压时沿高度方向H向外突出时不超出凸部222、不超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面，并且能够保证突起强度。
在设计和安装缓冲垫2时，使缓冲垫2的延伸部22的凸部222的顶点P不超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面(即对应底面111或顶面121)。
综上所述，缓冲垫2受到沿长度方向L的挤压力时，缓冲垫2受到的挤压力集中到延伸部22的凹部221和凸部222，延伸部22的凹部221受力变形而向外突出，位于凹部221两侧的凸部222受凹部221挤压沿宽度方向W的变形大于缓冲垫2整体受挤压沿高度方向H的变形，保证缓冲垫2不会超出电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面，进而不会影响电池1沿高度方向H的对应表面的平整性。
上面详细的说明描述多个示范性实施例，但本文不意欲限制到明确公开的组合。因此，除非另有说明，本文所公开的各种特征可以组合在一起而形成出于简明目的而未示出的多个另外组合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括：
    多个电池(1)，沿长度方向(L)依次排列；
    缓冲垫(2)，沿长度方向(L)设置于相邻两个电池(1)之间；
    缓冲垫(2)包括：
    主体部(21)；
    延伸部(22)，从主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的端面(221)向外延伸出，延伸部(22)包括凹部(221)以及凸部(222)，凸部(222)沿宽度方向(W)位于延伸部(22)的两侧且向外突出，凹部(221)沿宽度方向(W)位于凸部(222)之间且相对凸部(222)向内凹入。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凹部(221)的表面为弧面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凹部(221)的表面为平面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凸部(222)与凹部(221)之间设置有倒角或圆角。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的端面(211)与延伸部(22)之间的夹角(φ)不大于90°。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的电池模组，其特征在于，主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的端面(211)与延伸部(22)之间设置有倒角或圆角。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凹部(221)沿高度方向(H)向内凹入的高度(H1)小于凸部(222)从主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的端面(211)突出的高度(H2)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凸部(222)的外表面为弧面。
  9. 据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，延伸部(22)设置于主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的下侧的端面(211)。
  10. 据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，延伸部(22)设置于主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的上侧的端面(211)。
  11. 据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的上侧的端面(211)和主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的下侧的端面(211)均设置有延伸部(22)。
  12. 据权利要求11所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的上侧的端面(211)处设置的延伸部(22)与主体部(21)沿高度方向(H)的下侧的端面(211)处设置的延伸部(22)相对主体部(21)镜像对称。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模组，其特征在于，电池模组还包括：
    换热板(3)，设置并固定于多个电池(1)沿高度方向(H)的下侧。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，凸部(222)的顶点(P)不超出电池(1)沿高度方向(H)的对应表面。
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