WO2020134225A1 - 直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法 - Google Patents

直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134225A1
WO2020134225A1 PCT/CN2019/107046 CN2019107046W WO2020134225A1 WO 2020134225 A1 WO2020134225 A1 WO 2020134225A1 CN 2019107046 W CN2019107046 W CN 2019107046W WO 2020134225 A1 WO2020134225 A1 WO 2020134225A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnet
safety gear
winding coil
linear drive
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PCT/CN2019/107046
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘英辉
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刘英辉
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Publication date
Application filed by 刘英辉 filed Critical 刘英辉
Priority to EP19903945.4A priority Critical patent/EP3904262A4/en
Publication of WO2020134225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134225A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/044—Mechanical overspeed governors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/26—Positively-acting devices, e.g. latches, knives

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of elevators, and in particular, to a linear drive device, safety gear device, and an elevator system control method.
  • the principle of a conventional electromagnet is to use a current to generate a magnetic field, and then use the magnetic field or the magnetized ferromagnetic material and the attractive force generated by the ferromagnetic material, so there is only one direction of attraction, no bidirectional magnetic force; in addition, due to the magnetic attraction force and distance It is not a proportional relationship, so the torque control during the operation of the conventional electromagnet is very difficult and the stability is poor.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to improve the shortcomings of the prior art, to provide a linear drive device, safety gear device and control method of the elevator system, the present disclosure can solve the problem of long stroke, high torque drive required when the electric full tongs are reset, and Has good torque stability.
  • a linear drive device includes a magnetically conductive device and a magnet, the magnetically conductive device includes at least a first side and a second side, and the magnetically conductive device is provided with a closed magnetic cavity, the magnet is located on the first side And the second side; the magnet includes at least a first end and a second end, the magnetic poles of the first and second ends are in opposite directions, the first end corresponds to the first side , The second end corresponds to the second side; the magnetically conductive device is provided with a winding coil whose winding direction is perpendicular to the direction formed by the first end to the second end of the magnet in the magnetic cavity ; The magnetically conductive device is in active coordination with the magnet.
  • the magnetic conduction device includes a first magnetic conduction mechanism, a second magnetic conduction mechanism, a first connection and a second connection.
  • the first magnetic conduction mechanism and the second magnetic conduction mechanism pass through the first connection and the second connection.
  • the two connection points are connected to form the magnetic cavity, and one side of the winding coil penetrates the magnetic cavity.
  • winding coils There are two sets of the winding coils, and the two sets of the winding coils are respectively provided on the first magnetic conduction mechanism and the second magnetic conduction mechanism.
  • the magnet includes a connection plate that penetrates the first connection point or the second connection point.
  • the magnetic conduction device includes a guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is disposed on at least one of the first connection place or the second connection place, and the connection plate slides on the guide sleeve.
  • a connecting rod is connected to the connecting plate, and the connecting rod is located outside the first connection point or the second connection point.
  • Linear drive device including a magnetically conductive device and a coil device
  • the magnetically conductive device includes at least a first side and a second side; also includes a magnet, the magnet is located on the first side and the second side And the magnetically conductive device and the magnet together form a magnetic cavity;
  • the magnet at least includes a first end and a second end, the first end and the second end are in opposite directions; the first end and the first Corresponding to one side, the second end corresponds to the second side;
  • the coil device includes at least a bobbin and a winding coil; the winding coil surrounds the bobbin, and the winding coil surrounds at least Part of the tangent line is perpendicular to the direction formed from the first end to the second end of the magnet in the magnetic cavity; the coil device and the magnetic conduction device are connected by a mechanical slide rail.
  • the frame includes a first end, a second end, and a connecting plate, the first end and the second end are located at both ends of the connecting plate, and the connecting plate is located at the second magnetic conduction mechanism Outside.
  • Both the first end and the second end are provided with guide grooves recessed inwards, slide rails protruding outward are provided on both sides of the second magnetic conduction mechanism, the guide grooves and the slide rails Match, and at least the guide groove and the slide rail constitute a mechanical guide mechanism along the movement direction of the linear drive device.
  • connection mechanism is provided on the connection plate, and a connection rod is fixedly installed on the connection mechanism, and the connection rod is located outside the second magnetic conduction mechanism.
  • the magnetization direction of the magnet is the connection direction of the magnet along the first end to the second end, and the first end of the magnet is the south pole of the magnetic field or the north pole of the magnetic field.
  • the magnetic conductive mechanism and the magnet have the same thickness in material size; the magnetization intensity of the magnet in the same horizontal plane direction is the same.
  • Safety gear device including the linear drive device according to any one of the preceding claims, the safety gear device further includes a spring device, a safety gear body and a pull rod;
  • the spring device includes an upper baffle, a spring mechanism and a lower baffle, so The upper baffle and the lower baffle are at both ends of the spring mechanism, and the lower baffle is relatively fixed to the safety gear body;
  • the safety gear body includes a safety gear frame, and a guide block is provided in the safety gear frame Device, safety gear wedge block and fixing mechanism, the guide block device is provided with a first inclined edge, and the safety gear wedge block is provided with a second inclined edge corresponding to the inclination angle of the first inclined edge, so The second inclined side is slidingly matched with the first inclined side, the fixing mechanism is located on the bottom surface of the safety gear wedge block, one end of the pull rod is connected to the linear drive device and penetrates the spring device, and the other pull rod One end is connected to the fixing mechanism.
  • the elevator system includes a control system, a car, a guide rail, and the safety gear device described in claim 10, the control system is electrically connected to the winding coil, the safety gear device is installed on both sides of the car, and Corresponding to the guide rails on both sides of the car respectively, the safety gear block of the safety gear device cooperates with the guide rail.
  • the elevator control method includes the following steps:
  • the safety gear device is in the reset standby state, that is, the safety gear block is in the open state, and then the elevator car moves freely up and down;
  • the elevator system detects the running speed of the car
  • the control system deenergizes the winding coil, causing the linear drive to withdraw downward thrust
  • the safety gear device is pushed upward by the compression force preset by the spring device, so that the lever continues to pull the safety gear wedge block, and the guide rail is clamped by the safety gear wedge block to stop the car and realize the emergency braking of the elevator.
  • the above magnet may be a permanent magnet.
  • the first end of the magnet can be the south pole of the magnetic field or the north pole of the magnetic field.
  • the second end is the north pole of the magnetic field; when the first end is the north pole of the magnetic field, the second end is The south pole of the magnetic field.
  • the materials of the first magnetic permeability mechanism and the second magnetic permeability mechanism have high magnetic permeability.
  • the direction of the coil device penetrating the magnetic cavity is horizontally penetrating from above the magnet.
  • Linear drive device, the magnetically conductive device and the magnet together form a magnetic cavity, because the winding coil winding direction in the magnetic cavity is perpendicular to the direction formed from the first end to the second end of the magnet, when the winding coil is fed with a DC current , Then the current cuts the magnetic force line above the magnet. According to the principle of ampere force, the charged wire will produce a force perpendicular to the magnetic field.
  • This torque is the direct torque of the charged particles of the current and the magnetic field, which is different from the magnetic force of the conventional electromagnet;
  • the travel distance of the magnet depends on the spatial length of the magnetic cavity; and within the spatial range of the magnetic cavity, by controlling the magnitude of the current or the magnetic induction of the magnetic cavity or the number of turns of the winding coil, the torque of the magnet during operation can be effectively controlled
  • the size of the linear drive device has good stability and improves the safety factor of the elevator equipment; and the direction of the magnet can be changed by adjusting the direction of the current or the direction of the magnetic induction line.
  • the magnetic conduction device and the magnet cooperate with each other so that the magnet can move on the magnetic conduction device.
  • the magnetic cavity formed by the first magnetic conduction mechanism, the second magnetic conduction mechanism, the first connection and the second connection on the magnetic conduction device together with the magnet because the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conduction device is high, it can Give full play to the magnetic properties of the magnet, and realize that most of the magnetic field lines form a loop inside the magnetic conduction device, so that the magnetic field lines outside the magnetic conduction device are greatly weakened, and a good effect of shielding the magnetic field is achieved.
  • This structure can make the winding coil magnetic
  • the inner section of the cavity is subjected to the maximum magnetic force lines, and the moment generated when the power is applied is the largest.
  • the setting of the connecting plate can ensure that there is a vacancy for connection when connecting with other mechanisms, which will not affect the magnet itself and make the mechanism more stable.
  • the setting of the guide sleeve can not only reduce the role of friction, but also play a guiding role.
  • the connecting rod is arranged on the connecting plate and does not interfere with the work of the magnet.
  • the connecting rod is connected to the outside of the first connection or the second connection, and does not get stuck on the guide sleeve when working.
  • the closed magnetic cavity makes the outer section of the magnetic cavity basically not affected by the lines of magnetic force, the direction of the winding coil and the skeleton is stable; one side of the winding coil penetrates the magnetic cavity, and the skeleton above the magnet The thinner thickness makes the winding coil closer to the magnet, making full use of the magnetic force lines in the magnetic cavity.
  • the first end and the second end of the skeleton are connected by a connecting plate, which is beneficial to the winding coil winding around the skeleton, and finally transmits the force received by the winding coil to the external mechanism.
  • Slide rails are provided on both sides of the second magnetic conduction mechanism, and the guide grooves cooperate with the slide rails; when the coil device is fixed, the magnetic conduction device and the magnet slide relative to the skeleton and winding coil of the coil device through the slide rails; When the magnetic conduction device and the magnet are fixed, the skeleton and the winding coil of the coil device slide relative to the magnetic conduction device and the magnet through the slide rail.
  • the sliding rail is provided with a sliding mechanism, which can increase the smoothness of the magnetic conduction device when sliding, which is helpful to reduce the sliding resistance and transmit the force received by the winding coil to the outside; the connecting rod fixes the pull rod It is connected to the safety gear device to facilitate the operation of the safety gear device.
  • the coil device drives the connecting rod and causes the connecting rod to pull the safety gear device below.
  • the magnetizing direction of the magnet is the connection direction of the magnet along the first end to the second end.
  • the magnetic cavity needs to generate a maximum magnetic field line perpendicular to the first end of the magnet, and the magnetic cavity has sufficient coverage space to facilitate winding When the coil is energized, it has enough space for movement in the magnetic cavity.
  • the magnetic force line strength in the magnetic cavity should be linearly uniform, and the thickness of the magnetic conduction device and the thickness of the magnet body will affect the distribution of the magnetic force line to a certain extent. Therefore, the thickness of the magnetic permeable device and the magnet must be the same, and the magnetization intensity of the first and second ends of the magnet should be the same to further improve the stability of the torque in the linear drive device.
  • the spring device In the state that the safety gear device is not triggered and protected, the spring device has been in the state of energy storage to be triggered.
  • the control system stops supplying power to the coil device and triggers safety under the action of the spring device.
  • the protection mechanism of the pliers device the spring device releases mechanical energy through the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the spring mechanism to drive the connecting rod, the connecting rod pulls the fixing mechanism, the fixing mechanism lifts the safety tongs block, the first inclined edge and The second inclined side slidingly cooperates to clamp the safety tongs, and then brakes the rapid descent of the car.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a magnetic conduction device according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the magnetically conductive device according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the safety gear device according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the magnetic conduction device and the coil device according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the magnetic conduction device according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the magnetic conduction device and the coil device according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a linear drive device according to Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
  • Magnetic conduction device 101, first side, 102, second side, 11, first magnetic conduction mechanism, 12, second magnetic conduction mechanism, 13, first connection, 14, second connection, 15.
  • Slide rail 151, sliding mechanism, 16, guide sleeve, 20, coil device, 21, frame, 211, first end, 212, second end, 213, guide groove, 214, connecting plate, 215, Connecting rod, 22, winding coil, 30, magnet, 31, first end, 32, second end, 33, magnetic cavity, 40, safety gear device, 41, spring device, 411, upper baffle, 412, lower block Plate, 413, spring mechanism, 42, safety gear body, 421, safety gear frame, 422, guide block device, 423, safety gear wedge, 424, fixing mechanism, 425, first inclined edge, 426, second inclined edge , 43, tie rod, 50, car.
  • the linear drive device includes a magnetic permeable device 10 and a magnet 30, the magnetic permeable device 10 includes at least a first side 101 and a second side 102, and the magnetic permeable device 10 is provided With a closed magnetic cavity 33, the magnet 30 is located between the first side 101 and the second side 102; the magnet 30 includes at least a first end 31 and a second end 32, the first end 31 and the second end 32 have opposite magnetic pole directions, the first end 31 corresponds to the first side 101, and the second end 32 corresponds to the second side 102; the magnetically permeable device 10 is provided with a winding coil 22 whose winding direction is perpendicular to the direction formed by the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30 in the magnetic cavity 33; the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 are movably engaged .
  • the first end 31 and the second end 32 are the ends close to the winding coil 22.
  • the magnetic conduction device 10 includes a first magnetic conduction mechanism 11, a second magnetic conduction mechanism 12, a first connection 13 and a second connection 14.
  • the first magnetic conduction mechanism 11 A magnetic cavity 33 is formed by being connected to the second magnetic conduction mechanism 12 through the first connection 13 and the second connection 14, and one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates the magnetic cavity 33;
  • the winding coil 22 is provided There are two groups, and the two groups of the winding coils 22 are respectively disposed on the first magnetic conduction mechanism 11 and the second magnetic conduction mechanism 12;
  • the magnet 30 includes a connecting plate 214, and the connecting plate 214 penetrates the first The connection point 13 or the second connection point 14;
  • the magnetic conduction device 10 includes a guide sleeve 16, the guide sleeve 16 is disposed on at least one of the first connection point 13 or the second connection point 14, The connecting plate 214 slides on the guide sleeve 16.
  • a connecting rod 215 is connected to the connecting plate 214, and the connecting rod 215 is located outside the first connecting place 13 or the second connecting place 14.
  • the safety gear device 40 includes a linear drive device, and the safety gear device 40 further includes a spring device 41, a safety gear body 42 and a tie rod 43;
  • the spring device 41 includes an upper baffle 411 and a spring mechanism 413 And a lower baffle 412, the upper baffle 411 and the lower baffle 412 are at both ends of the spring mechanism 413, the lower baffle 412 is relatively fixed in position with the safety gear body 42;
  • the safety gear body 42 includes safety A clamp frame 421, a guide block device 422, a safety clamp wedge block 423 and a fixing mechanism 424 are provided in the safety clamp frame 421, a first inclined edge 425 is provided on the guide block device 422, and the safety clamp wedge block 423
  • a second inclined edge 426 is provided on the first inclined edge 425 corresponding to the inclination angle of the first inclined edge 425, the second inclined edge 426 slidingly matches the first inclined edge 425, and the fixing mechanism 424 is located in the safety gear On the bottom surface of the wedge block 423, one end of
  • the elevator system includes a control system, a car 50, a guide rail, and a safety gear device 40.
  • the control system is electrically connected to the winding coil 22.
  • the safety gear device 40 is installed on both sides of the car 50. Side, and respectively correspond to the guide rails on both sides of the car 50, the safety gear wedge block 423 of the safety gear device 40 cooperates with the guide rail.
  • the elevator control method includes the following steps: When the elevator is running normally, the above linear drive system is electrified. Due to the electromotive force relationship, the magnet 30 and the connecting plate 214 are pressed downward, the spring device 41 is compressed, and the safety gear device 40 is located Reset the standby state, that is, the safety gear block 423 is in the open state, and the elevator car 50 moves up and down freely; the elevator system detects the speed of the car 50; when the actual running speed of the car 50 exceeds the preset maximum running speed Or running in the abnormal operating position of the hoistway, such as the end position of the hoistway; the control system deenergizes the winding coil 22, causing the linear drive device to cancel the downward thrust; the safety gear device 40 is subjected to the compressive force preset by the spring device 41 Push the pull rod 43 upwards, so that the pull rod 43 continues to pull the safety clamp block 423 to move, and the guide rail is clamped by the safety clamp block 423, so that the car 50 stops running, and the emergency braking of the elevator is realized
  • the linear drive device, the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 jointly form a magnetic cavity 33, because the winding coil 22 surrounds the magnetic cavity 33 in a direction perpendicular to the direction formed by the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30
  • the current cuts the magnetic field line above the magnet 30.
  • the charged wire will generate a force perpendicular to the magnetic field.
  • the torque is the direct torque of the charged particles of the current and the magnetic field, and The torque between the magnetic field forces of the conventional electromagnets is different; and the travel distance of the magnet 30 depends on the spatial length of the magnetic cavity 33; and within the spatial range of the magnetic cavity 33, by controlling the current magnitude or the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic cavity 33 or the winding coil 22
  • the number of winding turns can effectively control the torque of the magnet 30 during operation, so that the operating torque of the linear drive device has good stability and improves the safety factor of the elevator equipment; and by adjusting the direction of the current or adjusting the magnetic induction line Direction, which in turn changes the sliding direction of the magnet 30.
  • the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 cooperate by movement so that the magnet 30 can move on the magnetic conduction device 10.
  • Two sets of winding coils 22 are provided, and are located on the first magnetic conduction mechanism 11 and the second magnetic conduction mechanism 12, respectively.
  • the specifications of the two sets of winding coils 22 are the same, so that the central part of the two sets of winding coils 22 receives the largest magnetic field strength And, the left and right magnetic fields change uniformly, so the force of the magnet 30 located therebetween is more uniform.
  • the setting of the connecting plate 214 can ensure that there is a vacancy for connection when connecting with other mechanisms, which will not affect the magnet 30 itself and make the mechanism more stable.
  • the arrangement of the guide sleeve 16 can not only reduce the friction, but also play a guiding role.
  • the connecting rod 215 is provided on the connecting plate 214, and will not interfere with the work of the magnet 30.
  • the connecting rod 215 is connected to the outside of the first connection 13 or the second connection 14 and will not get stuck in the guide sleeve when working 16 on.
  • the outer section of the magnetic cavity 33 is basically not affected by the magnetic lines of force, so the direction of the winding coil 22 and the skeleton is stable; one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates through the magnetic cavity 33.
  • the thickness of the bobbin above the magnet 30 is thinner, so that the winding coil 22 is closer to the magnet 30, and the magnetic force lines in the magnetic cavity 33 are fully utilized.
  • the spring device 41 has been in a state of energy storage to be triggered.
  • the control system stops supplying power to the coil device 20, and the spring device 41
  • the protection mechanism of the safety gear device 40 is triggered by the action of the spring device 41.
  • the spring device 41 releases mechanical energy through the upper baffle 411, the lower baffle 412 and the spring mechanism 413 to drive the connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod pulls the fixing mechanism 424, and the fixing mechanism 424 will be safe
  • the caliper block 423 is lifted up, and the first inclined side 425 and the second inclined side 426 are slidingly engaged to clamp the safety caliper block 423, thereby braking the rapid descending of the car 50.
  • the linear drive device includes a magnetic permeable device 10 and a coil device 20.
  • the magnetic permeable device 10 includes at least a first side 101 and a second side 102;
  • the magnet 30 is located between the first side 101 and the second side 102, and the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 together form a magnetic cavity 33;
  • the magnet 30 includes at least a first end 31 and a second End 32, the first end 31 and the second end 32 are in opposite directions;
  • the first end 31 corresponds to the first side 101, and the second end 32 corresponds to the second side 102
  • the coil device 20 includes at least a bobbin 21 and a winding coil 22;
  • the winding coil 22 surrounds the bobbin 21, and at least a part of the winding coil 22 in the winding direction is tangent to the first end of the magnet 30 in the magnetic cavity 33
  • the direction from 31 to the second end 32 is perpendicular; the coil device 20 and the magnetic conductive device 10 are connected by a mechanical slide 15.
  • the frame 21 includes a first end 211, a second end 212, and a connecting plate 214.
  • the first end 211 and the second end 212 are located at both ends of the connecting plate 214.
  • the connecting plate 214 Located on the outside of the second magnetic conductive mechanism 12; the connecting plate 214 is provided with a connecting mechanism, and a connecting rod 215 is fixedly installed on the connecting mechanism, and the connecting rod 215 is located outside the second magnetic conductive mechanism 12 .
  • Both the first end portion 211 and the second end portion 212 are provided with a guide groove 213 recessed inwards, and slide rails 15 protruding outward are provided on both sides of the second magnetic conductive mechanism 12.
  • the guide groove 213 is matched with the slide rail 15, and at least the guide groove 213 and the slide rail 15 constitute a mechanical guide mechanism along the movement direction of the linear drive device.
  • the magnetizing direction of the magnet 30 is the connection direction of the magnet 30 along the first end 31 to the second end 32, and the first end 31 of the magnet 30 is the south pole of the magnetic field or the north pole of the magnetic field; the magnetic conduction mechanism and the magnet 30
  • the material thickness has the same thickness; the magnet 30 has the same magnetization intensity in the same horizontal plane direction;
  • the magnetic conduction device 10 includes a first magnetic conduction mechanism 11 and a second magnetic conduction mechanism 12, the first The magnetic mechanism 11 and the second magnetic conduction mechanism 12 are connected through a first connection 13 and a second connection 14, and one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates the magnetic cavity 33.
  • the control method of the elevator is that when the elevator is operating normally, the winding coil 22 and the frame 21 are pressed down.
  • the linear drive device, the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 jointly form a magnetic cavity 33, because the winding coil 22 surrounds the magnetic cavity 33 in a direction perpendicular to the direction formed by the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30
  • the current cuts the magnetic lines above the magnet 30.
  • the charged wire will generate a force perpendicular to the magnetic field.
  • the torque is the direct torque of the charged particles of the current and the magnetic field, and The torque between the magnetic field forces of the conventional electromagnets is different; the travel distance of the coil device 20 depends on the length of the magnetic cavity 33 space in the direction of the slide rail 15; and within the spatial range of the magnetic cavity 33, by controlling the current size or the magnetic cavity 33.
  • the magnetic induction strength or the number of turns of the winding coil 22 can effectively control the torque of the coil device 20 during operation, so that the operating torque of the linear drive device has good stability and improve the safety factor of the elevator equipment; and can be adjusted by adjusting the current Or adjust the direction of the magnetic induction wire, thereby changing the sliding direction of the coil device 20.
  • the magnetic cavity 33 formed by the first magnetic conduction mechanism 11, the second magnetic conduction mechanism 12, the first connection 13 and the second connection 14 and the magnet 30 on the magnetic conduction device 10 The high magnetic permeability can fully exert the magnetic performance of the magnet 30, and realize that most of the magnetic force lines form a loop inside the magnetic permeability mechanism, so that the magnetic force lines outside the magnetic permeability mechanism are greatly weakened, and a good effect of shielding the magnetic field is achieved.
  • Such a structure can make the external winding coil 22 receive the largest magnetic force line in the inner section of the magnetic cavity 33, and generate the largest torque when energized, while the outer section located in the magnetic cavity 33 is basically not affected by the magnetic force line, so the winding coil 22 and the skeleton 21 are The direction of the force is stable; one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates the magnetic cavity 33, and the thickness of the bobbin 21 above the magnet 30 is thinner, so that the winding coil 22 is closer to the magnet 30, and the magnetic force lines in the magnetic cavity 33 are fully utilized.
  • the first end 211 and the second end 212 of the bobbin 21 are connected through the connecting plate 214, which is beneficial to the winding coil 22 surrounding on the bobbin 21 and finally transmitting the force received by the winding coil 22 to the outside mechanism .
  • Slide rails 15 are provided on both sides of the second magnetic guide mechanism 12, and the guide groove 213 cooperates with the slide rail 15; when the coil device 20 is fixed, the magnetic guide device 10 and the magnet 30 pass through the slide rail 15 relative to the coil The skeleton 21 and the winding coil 22 of the device 20 slide; when the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 are fixed, the skeleton 21 and the winding coil 22 of the coil device 20 slide relative to the magnetic conduction device 10 and the magnet 30 through the slide rail 15.
  • the sliding rail 15 is provided with a sliding mechanism 151, which can increase the smoothness of the magnetic conductive device 10 when sliding, which is beneficial to reduce the sliding resistance and transmit the force received by the winding coil 22 to the outside;
  • the connecting rod 215 fixes the pull rod 43 and connects with the safety gear device 40 so as to drive the safety gear device 40 to operate.
  • the coil device 20 drives the connecting rod 215 and causes the connecting rod 215 to pull the safety gear device 40 below.
  • the magnetizing direction of the magnet 30 is the connection direction of the magnet 30 along the first end 31 to the second end 32.
  • the magnetic cavity 33 needs to generate the maximum magnetic force line perpendicular to the first end 31 of the magnet 30, and the magnetic cavity 33 There is enough coverage space so that the winding coil 22 has enough space for movement in the magnetic cavity 33 when energized.
  • the strength of the magnetic force lines in the magnetic cavity 33 should be linearly uniform, and the thickness of the magnetic conductive device 10 and the thickness of the body of the magnet 30 will affect to a certain extent
  • the density of the distribution of magnetic lines of force requires that the material thickness of the magnetic permeable device 10 and the magnet 30 are the same, and the magnetization strength of the first end 31 and the second end 32 of the magnet 30 are the same, which further improves the stability of the torque in the linear drive device.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)

Abstract

一种直线驱动装置、安全钳装置、电梯系统及其控制方法，直线驱动装置包括导磁装置（10）和磁体（30），导磁装置（10）至少包括第一侧部（101）和第二侧部（102），设置有封闭磁腔（33）；磁体（30）位于第一侧部（101）和第二侧部（102）之间，至少包括第一端（31）和第二端（32），该两端的磁极方向相反，第一端（31）、第二端（32）分别与第一侧部（101）、第二侧部（102）相对应；导磁装置（10）上设置有绕组线圈（22），其环绕方向在磁腔（33）内与磁体（30）的第一端（31）至第二端（32）形成的方向垂直；导磁装置（10）与磁体（30）活动配合。

Description

直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法
本申请要求于2018年12月29日递交、名为“复位装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法”的中国专利申请第201811653563.5号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开涉及电梯技术领域，具体涉及一种直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法。
背景技术
随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，越来越多的高楼配备电梯设备，因而电梯设备的安全性与人们的生活息息相关；传统的电梯安全钳采用机械式限速器驱动，但随着功能电子安全技术的发展，电子式限速器逐步展现出更优秀的功能和性能特性，但与之配套的电动式安全钳产品却并未完善。
现有的电动式安全钳复位设计多采用电磁铁技术；而众所周知电磁铁一般在较小间距的结构范围内使用，一般的间距小于20毫米；当间距或行程变大电磁铁的磁力削弱就会呈指数下降，其效果也会越来越低效，极大地降低了电磁铁的使用场景，同时也影响电梯设备的安全系数。
常规的电磁铁的原理是利用电流产生磁场，然后利用磁场或磁化的铁磁材料与铁磁材料产生的吸引力，因此只有单方向的吸力，没有双方向磁力；另外，由于磁吸合力与距离并非正比例关系，因此常规电磁铁动作时的力矩控制十分困难，稳定性较差。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于改进现有技术的缺陷，提供一种直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法，本公开能够解决电动式全钳复位时需要的长行程、大力矩驱动问题，并具有良好的力矩稳定性。
其技术方案如下：
直线驱动装置，包括导磁装置和磁体，所述导磁装置至少包括第一侧部和第二侧部，并且所述导磁装置设置有封闭磁腔，所述磁体位于所述第一侧部和所述第二侧部之间；所述磁体至少包括第一端和第二端，所述第一端和第二端的磁极方向相反，所述第一端与所述第一侧部相对应，所述第二端与所述第二侧部相对应；所述导磁装置上设置有绕组线圈，绕组线圈的环绕方向在磁腔内与磁体的第一端至第二端形成的方向垂直；所述导磁装置与所述磁体活动配合。
所述导磁装置包括第一导磁机构、第二导磁机构、第一连接处和第二连接处，所述第一导磁机构和第二导磁机构通过所述第一连接处和第二连接处连接形成所述磁腔，所述绕组线圈的一侧贯穿所述磁腔。
所述绕组线圈设置有两组，两组所述绕组线圈分别设置在所述第一导磁机构和第二导磁机构上。
所述磁体包括连接板，所述连接板贯穿所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处。
所述导磁装置包括导套，所述导套设置在所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处至少之一上，所述连接板在所述导套上滑动。
所述连接板上连接有连接杆，所述连接杆位于所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处的外侧。
直线驱动装置，包括导磁装置和线圈装置，所述导磁装置至少包括第一侧部和第二侧部；还包括有磁体，该磁体位于所述第一侧部和所述第二侧部之间，并且所述导磁装置和磁体共同形成磁腔；所述磁体至少包括第一端和第二端，所述第一端和第二端方向相反；所述第一端与所述第一侧部相对应，所述第二端与所述第二侧部相对应；所述线圈装置至少包括骨架和绕组线圈；所述绕组线圈环绕所述骨架，所述绕组线圈的环绕方向至少有部分切线在磁腔内与磁体的第一端至第二端形成的方向垂直；所述线圈装置与所述导磁装置由机械滑轨连接。
所述骨架包括第一端部、第二端部和连接板，所述第一端部和所述第二端部位于所述连接板两端，所述连接板位于所述第二导磁机构的外部。
所述第一端部和所述第二端部上均设有向内凹陷的导槽，所述第二导磁机构两侧设有向外凸起的滑轨，所述导槽与滑轨相匹配，并至少由该导槽及 滑轨构成沿直线驱动装置运动方向的机械导向机构。
所述连接板上设有连接机构，所述连接机构上固定安装有连接杆，所述连接杆位于所述第二导磁机构外侧。
所述磁体的充磁方向为磁体沿第一端至第二端的连接方向，该磁体的第一端为磁场的南极或磁场的北极。
所述导磁机构及磁体在材料尺寸上具有相同的厚度；所述磁体在同一个水平面方向的充磁强度相同。
安全钳装置，包括前述任一权利要求所述的直线驱动装置，所述安全钳装置还包括弹簧装置、安全钳本体和拉杆；所述弹簧装置包括上挡板、弹簧机构和下挡板，所述上挡板和下挡板在弹簧机构的两端，所述下挡板与所述安全钳本体位置相对固定；所述安全钳本体包括安全钳框架，所述安全钳框架内设有导向块装置、安全钳锲块和固定机构，所述导向块装置上设有第一倾斜边，所述安全钳锲块上设有与第一倾斜边的倾斜遍角度大小相对应第二倾斜边，所述第二倾斜边与所述第一倾斜边滑动匹配，所述固定机构位于所述安全钳锲块的底面，所述拉杆一端连接所述直线驱动装置并且贯穿所述弹簧装置，所述拉杆另一端连接所述固定机构。
电梯系统，包括控制系统、轿厢、导轨、前述权利要求10中所述的安全钳装置，所述控制系统与所述绕组线圈电性连接，该安全钳装置安装于轿厢的两侧，并分别与轿厢两侧导轨配合对应，所述安全钳装置的安全钳锲块与导轨相配合。
电梯的控制方法，包括以下步骤：
电梯正常运行时，第一种所述直线驱动系统带电，因电动力关系，所述磁体及连接板向下压紧或第二种所述直线驱动系统带电，所述绕组线圈及骨架向下压紧；
压缩所述弹簧装置，安全钳装置位于复位待机状态，即安全钳锲块处于张开状态，进而电梯轿厢自由上下运动；
电梯系统检测轿厢运行的速度；
当轿厢的实际运行速度超过预设的最高运行速度时或运行在井道非正常运行位置时，如在井道的终端位置时；
控制系统使绕组线圈失电，导致直线驱动装置撤销向下推力；
安全钳装置受到弹簧装置预置的压缩力作用向上推动拉杆，使拉杆继续拉动安全钳锲块运动，并通过安全钳锲块将导轨夹紧，使轿厢停止运行，实现电梯的紧急制动。
需要特别说明的是：
1、上述磁体可以是永磁体。
2、上述磁体的第一端可以为磁场的南极或磁场的北极，当第一端为磁场的南极时，第二端为磁场的北极；当第一端为磁场的北极时，第二端为磁场的南极。
3、上述第一导磁机构、第二导磁机构的材质具有较高的磁导率。
4、上述线圈装置贯穿磁腔的方向为从磁体的上方水平横向贯穿。
5、上述垂直指的不是绝对精确上的垂直。
下面对本公开的优点或原理进行说明：
1、直线驱动装置，所述导磁装置和磁体共同形成磁腔，由于绕组线圈在磁腔内的环绕方向与磁体的第一端至第二端形成的方向垂直，当绕组线圈通入直流电流，则电流在磁体上方切割磁力线，根据安培力原理，带电导线会产生垂直于磁场的一个作用力，该力矩是电流的带电粒子与磁场的直接力矩，与常规电磁铁的磁场力间力矩不同；而磁体的行程距离取决于磁腔空间上的长度；而在磁腔的空间范围内，通过控制电流大小或磁腔磁感应强度或绕组线圈的环绕匝数，可以有效地控制磁体在运行时力矩的大小，使直线驱动装置的动作力矩具有良好的稳定性，提高电梯设备的安全系数；并且可以通过调整电流的方向或调整磁感应线的方向，进而改变磁体的滑动方向。导磁装置与磁体通过活动配合，使得磁体可以在导磁装置上活动。
2、所述导磁装置上的第一导磁机构、第二导磁机构、第一连接处及第二连接处与磁体共同形成的磁腔，由于导磁装置的磁导率较高，能将磁体的磁性能充分发挥，并且实现大部分磁力线在导磁装置内部形成环路，使导磁装置外部的磁力线大幅度减弱，达到了良好的屏蔽磁场的效果，该结构可以使绕组线圈在磁腔内部段受到最大的磁力线作用，通电时产生的力矩最大。
3、设置有两组绕组线圈，而且分别位于第一导磁机构和第二导磁机构上，两组绕组线圈的规格相同，使得两组绕组线圈的中部受的磁场强度最大，而且左右磁场均匀变化，所以位于其间的磁体受力更加均匀。
4、连接板的设置可以保证与其余机构连接时具有一个连接用的空位，不会影响到磁体本身，使机构更加稳定。另外，导套的设置不仅可以减少摩擦力的作用，还起到导向作用。
5、连接杆设置在连接板上，不会干扰到磁体的工作，连接杆连接在第一连接处或所述第二连接处的外侧，工作时不会卡在导套上。
6因为封闭的磁腔，使得位于磁腔外部段基本不受磁力线的作用，所以绕组线圈及骨架受力的方向是稳定的；所述绕组线圈的一侧贯穿磁腔，在磁体上方的骨架的厚度较薄，使绕组线圈更加贴近磁体，充分利用磁腔内磁力线作用。
7、通过连接板将骨架的第一端部与第二端部连接起来，有利于绕组线圈在骨架上环绕，并最终将绕组线圈受到的作用力传递到外面的机构。
8、所述第二导磁机构两侧设有滑轨，所述导槽与滑轨配合；当线圈装置固定时，导磁装置及磁体通过滑轨相对于线圈装置的骨架及绕组线圈滑动；当导磁装置及磁体固定时，该线圈装置的骨架及绕组线圈通过滑轨相对于导磁装置及磁体滑动。
9、所述滑轨上设有滑动机构，该滑动机构能够增加导磁装置在滑动时的顺畅度，有利于减少滑动阻力，并将绕组线圈受到的作用力向外传递；该连接杆固定拉杆并与安全钳装置连接，以便于驱动安全钳装置运作。
10、当导磁装置及磁体固定，线圈装置滑动时，该线圈装置带动连接杆，并使连接杆拉动下方的安全钳装置。
11、所述磁体的充磁方向为磁体沿第一端至第二端的连接方向，磁腔需要产生垂直于磁体的第一端的最大磁力线，并且使磁腔具有足够的覆盖空间，以便于绕组线圈在通电时在磁腔内具有足够的运动空间。
12、为使该直线驱动装置运动力矩线性拥有更强的操控性能，因此磁腔内磁力线强度应该是线性均匀的，而导磁装置的厚度以及磁体本体的厚度在一定程度上会影响其磁力线分布的密度，因此要求导磁装置及磁体材质厚度一致、磁体的第一端及第二端的充磁强度一致，进一步提高直线驱动装置中力矩的稳定性。
13、在安全钳装置未触发保护的状态下，弹簧装置一直处于蓄能待触发的状态，当轿厢因故障出现快速下降时，控制系统停止对线圈装置供电，在 弹簧装置的作用下触发安全钳装置的保护机制，弹簧装置通过上挡板、下挡板及弹簧机构释放机械能驱动连杆，该连杆通过拉动固定机构，该固定机构将安全钳锲块顶起，该第一倾斜边与第二倾斜边滑动配合，使安全钳锲块夹紧，进而对轿厢的快速下降进行制动保护。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1是本公开实施例一所述导磁装置的主视图；
图2是本公开实施例一所述导磁装置的轴测图；
图3是本公开实施例一所述安全钳装置的主视图；
图4是本公开实施例二所述导磁装置及线圈装置的主视图；
图5是本公开实施例二所述导磁装置的主视图；
图6是本公开实施例二所述导磁装置及线圈装置的仰视图；
图7是本公开实施例二所述直线驱动装置的轴测图；
图8是本公开实施例二所述安全钳装置的轴测图；
图9是本公开实施例一和实施例二所述电梯的轴测图；
附图标记说明：
10、导磁装置，101、第一侧部，102、第二侧部，11、第一导磁机构，12、第二导磁机构，13、第一连接处，14、第二连接处，15、滑轨，151、滑动机构，16、导套，20、线圈装置，21、骨架，211、第一端部，212、第二端部，213、导槽，214、连接板，215、连接杆，22、绕组线圈，30、磁体，31、第一端，32、第二端，33、磁腔，40、安全钳装置，41、弹簧装置，411、上挡板，412、下挡板，413、弹簧机构，42、安全钳本体，421、安全钳框架，422、导向块装置，423、安全钳锲块，424、固定机构，425、第一倾斜边，426、第二倾斜边，43、拉杆，50、轿厢。
具体实施方式
下面对本公开的实施例进行详细说明。
实施例一：
如图1至图3所示，直线驱动装置，包括导磁装置10和磁体30，所述导磁装置10至少包括第一侧部101和第二侧部102，并且所述导磁装置10设置有封闭磁腔33，所述磁体30位于所述第一侧部101和所述第二侧部102之间；所述磁体30至少包括第一端31和第二端32，所述第一端31和第二端32的磁极方向相反，所述第一端31与所述第一侧部101相对应，所述第二端32与所述第二侧部102相对应；所述导磁装置10上设置有绕组线圈22，绕组线圈22的环绕方向在磁腔33内与磁体30的第一端31至第二端32形成的方向垂直；所述导磁装置10与所述磁体30活动配合。其中在本实施例中，第一端31和第二端32是贴近绕组线圈22的一端。
如图1和图2所示，所述导磁装置10包括第一导磁机构11、第二导磁机构12、第一连接处13和第二连接处14，所述第一导磁机构11和第二导磁机构12通过所述第一连接处13和第二连接处14连接形成所述磁腔33，所述绕组线圈22的一侧贯穿所述磁腔33；所述绕组线圈22设置有两组，两组所述绕组线圈22分别设置在所述第一导磁机构11和第二导磁机构12上；所述磁体30包括连接板214，所述连接板214贯穿所述第一连接处13或所述第二连接处14；所述导磁装置10包括导套16，所述导套16设置在所述第一连接处13或所述第二连接处14至少之一上，所述连接板214在所述导套16上滑动。
如图3所示，所述连接板214上连接有连接杆215，所述连接杆215位于所述第一连接处13或所述第二连接处14的外侧。
如图3所示，安全钳装置40，包括直线驱动装置，所述安全钳装置40还包括弹簧装置41、安全钳本体42和拉杆43；所述弹簧装置41包括上挡板411、弹簧机构413和下挡板412，所述上挡板411和下挡板412在弹簧机构413的两端，所述下挡板412与所述安全钳本体42位置相对固定；所述安全钳本体42包括安全钳框架421，所述安全钳框架421内设有导向块装置422、安全钳锲块423和固定机构424，所述导向块装置422上设有第一倾斜边425，所述安全钳锲块423上设有与第一倾斜边425的倾斜遍角度大小相对应第二倾斜边426，所述第二倾斜边426与所述第一倾斜边425滑动匹配，所述固定机构424位于所述安全钳锲块423的底面，所述拉杆43一端连接所述直线 驱动装置并且贯穿所述弹簧装置41，所述拉杆43另一端连接所述固定机构424。
如图9所示，电梯系统，包括控制系统、轿厢50、导轨、安全钳装置40，所述控制系统与所述绕组线圈22电性连接，该安全钳装置40安装于轿厢50的两侧，并分别与轿厢50两侧导轨配合对应，所述安全钳装置40的安全钳锲块423与导轨相配合。
电梯的控制方法，包括以下步骤：电梯正常运行时，上述直线驱动系统带电，因电动力关系，所述磁体30及连接板214向下压紧，压缩所述弹簧装置41，安全钳装置40位于复位待机状态，即安全钳锲块423处于张开状态，进而电梯轿厢50自由上下运动；电梯系统检测轿厢50运行的速度；当轿厢50的实际运行速度超过预设的最高运行速度时或运行在井道非正常运行位置时，如在井道的终端位置时；控制系统使绕组线圈22失电，导致直线驱动装置撤销向下推力；安全钳装置40受到弹簧装置41预置的压缩力作用向上推动拉杆43，使拉杆43继续拉动安全钳锲块423运动，并通过安全钳锲块423将导轨夹紧，使轿厢50停止运行，实现电梯的紧急制动。
本公开实施例具有如下优点：
1、直线驱动装置，所述导磁装置10和磁体30共同形成磁腔33，由于绕组线圈22在磁腔33内的环绕方向与磁体30的第一端31至第二端32形成的方向垂直，当绕组线圈22通入直流电流，则电流在磁体30上方切割磁力线，根据安培力原理，带电导线会产生垂直于磁场的一个作用力，该力矩是电流的带电粒子与磁场的直接力矩，与常规电磁铁的磁场力间力矩不同；而磁体30的行程距离取决于磁腔33空间上的长度；而在磁腔33的空间范围内，通过控制电流大小或磁腔33磁感应强度或绕组线圈22的环绕匝数，可以有效地控制磁体30在运行时力矩的大小，使直线驱动装置的动作力矩具有良好的稳定性，提高电梯设备的安全系数；并且可以通过调整电流的方向或调整磁感应线的方向，进而改变磁体30的滑动方向。导磁装置10与磁体30通过活动配合，使得磁体30可以在导磁装置10上活动。
2、所述导磁装置10上的第一导磁机构11、第二导磁机构12、第一连接处13及第二连接处14与磁体30共同形成的磁腔33，由于导磁装置10的磁导率较高，能将绕组线圈22的磁性能充分发挥，并且实现大部分磁力线在导 磁装置10内部形成环路，使导磁装置10外部的磁力线大幅度减弱，达到了良好的屏蔽磁场的效果，该结构可以使外部绕组线圈22在磁腔33内部段受到最大的磁力线作用，通电时产生的力矩最大。
3、设置有两组绕组线圈22，而且分别位于第一导磁机构11和第二导磁机构12上，两组绕组线圈22的规格相同，使得两组绕组线圈22的中部受的磁场强度最大，而且左右磁场均匀变化，所以位于其间的磁体30受力更加均匀。
4、连接板214的设置可以保证与其余机构连接时具有一个连接用的空位，不会影响到磁体30本身，使机构更加稳定。另外，导套16的设置不仅可以减少摩擦力的作用，还起到导向作用。
5、连接杆215设置在连接板214上，不会干扰到磁体30的工作，连接杆215连接在第一连接处13或所述第二连接处14的外侧，工作时不会卡在导套16上。
6因为封闭的磁腔33，使得位于磁腔33外部段基本不受磁力线的作用，所以绕组线圈22及骨架受力的方向是稳定的；所述绕组线圈22的一侧贯穿磁腔33，在磁体30上方的骨架的厚度较薄，使绕组线圈22更加贴近磁体30，充分利用磁腔33内磁力线作用。
7、在安全钳装置40未触发保护的状态下，弹簧装置41一直处于蓄能待触发的状态，当轿厢50因故障出现快速下降时，控制系统停止对线圈装置20供电，在弹簧装置41的作用下触发安全钳装置40的保护机制，弹簧装置41通过上挡板411、下挡板412及弹簧机构413释放机械能驱动连杆，该连杆通过拉动固定机构424，该固定机构424将安全钳锲块423顶起，该第一倾斜边425与第二倾斜边426滑动配合，使安全钳锲块423夹紧，进而对轿厢50的快速下降进行制动保护。
实施例二：
如图4至图9所示，直线驱动装置，包括导磁装置10和线圈装置20，所述导磁装置10至少包括第一侧部101和第二侧部102；还包括有磁体30，该磁体30位于所述第一侧部101和所述第二侧部102之间，并且所述导磁装置10和磁体30共同形成磁腔33；所述磁体30至少包括第一端31和第二端32，所述第一端31和第二端32方向相反；所述第一端31与所述第一侧部 101相对应，所述第二端32与所述第二侧部102相对应；所述线圈装置20至少包括骨架21和绕组线圈22；所述绕组线圈22环绕所述骨架21，所述绕组线圈22的环绕方向至少有部分切线在磁腔33内与磁体30的第一端31至第二端32形成的方向垂直；所述线圈装置20与所述导磁装置10由机械滑轨15连接。
所述骨架21包括第一端部211、第二端部212和连接板214，所述第一端部211和所述第二端部212位于所述连接板214两端，所述连接板214位于所述第二导磁机构12的外部；所述连接板214上设有连接机构，所述连接机构上固定安装有连接杆215，所述连接杆215位于所述第二导磁机构12外侧。
所述第一端部211和所述第二端部212上均设有向内凹陷的导槽213，所述第二导磁机构12两侧设有向外凸起的滑轨15，所述导槽213与滑轨15相匹配，并至少由该导槽213及滑轨15构成沿直线驱动装置运动方向的机械导向机构。
所述磁体30的充磁方向为磁体30沿第一端31至第二端32的连接方向，该磁体30的第一端31为磁场的南极或磁场的北极；所述导磁机构及磁体30在材料尺寸上具有相同的厚度；所述磁体30在同一个水平面方向的充磁强度相同；所述导磁装置10包括第一导磁机构11和第二导磁机构12，所述第一导磁机构11和第二导磁机构12通过第一连接处13和第二连接处14连接，所述绕组线圈22的一侧贯穿所述磁腔33。
电梯的控制方法，本实施例与实施例一的区别点在于，电梯正常运行时，所述绕组线圈22及骨架21向下压紧。
本公开实施例具有如下优点：
1、直线驱动装置，所述导磁装置10和磁体30共同形成磁腔33，由于绕组线圈22在磁腔33内的环绕方向与磁体30的第一端31至第二端32形成的方向垂直，当线圈装置20通入直流电流，则电流在磁体30上方切割磁力线，根据安培力原理，带电导线会产生垂直于磁场的一个作用力，该力矩是电流的带电粒子与磁场的直接力矩，与常规电磁铁的磁场力间力矩不同；而线圈装置20的行程距离取决于磁腔33空间在滑轨15方向上的长度；而在磁腔33的空间范围内，通过控制电流大小或磁腔33磁感应强度或绕组线圈22 的环绕匝数，可以有效地控制线圈装置20在运行时力矩的大小，使直线驱动装置的动作力矩具有良好的稳定性，提高电梯设备的安全系数；并且可以通过调整电流的方向或调整磁感应线的方向，进而改变线圈装置20的滑动方向。
2、所述导磁装置10上的第一导磁机构11、第二导磁机构12、第一连接处13及第二连接处14与磁体30共同形成的磁腔33，由于导磁机构的磁导率较高，能将磁体30的磁性能充分发挥，并且实现大部分磁力线在导磁机构内部形成环路，使导磁机构外部的磁力线大幅度减弱，达到了良好的屏蔽磁场的效果，这样的结构可以使外部绕组线圈22在磁腔33内部段受到最大的磁力线作用，通电时产生的力矩最大，而位于磁腔33外部段基本不受磁力线的作用，因此绕组线圈22及骨架21受力的方向是稳定的；所述绕组线圈22的一侧贯穿磁腔33，在磁体30上方的骨架21的厚度较薄，使绕组线圈22更加贴近磁体30，充分利用磁腔33内磁力线作用。
3、通过连接板214将骨架21的第一端部211与第二端部212连接起来，有利于绕组线圈22在骨架21上环绕，并最终将绕组线圈22受到的作用力传递到外面的机构。
4、所述第二导磁机构12两侧设有滑轨15，所述导槽213与滑轨15配合；当线圈装置20固定时，导磁装置10及磁体30通过滑轨15相对于线圈装置20的骨架21及绕组线圈22滑动；当导磁装置10及磁体30固定时，该线圈装置20的骨架21及绕组线圈22通过滑轨15相对于导磁装置10及磁体30滑动。
5、所述滑轨15上设有滑动机构151，该滑动机构151能够增加导磁装置10在滑动时的顺畅度，有利于减少滑动阻力，并将绕组线圈22受到的作用力向外传递；该连接杆215固定拉杆43并与安全钳装置40连接，以便于驱动安全钳装置40运作。
6、当导磁装置10及磁体30固定，线圈装置20滑动时，该线圈装置20带动连接杆215，并使连接杆215拉动下方的安全钳装置40。
7、所述磁体30的充磁方向为磁体30沿第一端31至第二端32的连接方向，磁腔33需要产生垂直于磁体30的第一端31的最大磁力线，并且使磁腔33具有足够的覆盖空间，以便于绕组线圈22在通电时在磁腔33内具有足够 的运动空间。
8、为使该直线驱动装置运动力矩线性拥有更强的操控性能，因此磁腔33内磁力线强度应该是线性均匀的，而导磁装置10的厚度以及磁体30本体的厚度在一定程度上会影响其磁力线分布的密度，因此要求导磁装置10及磁体30材质厚度一致、磁体30的第一端31及第二端32的充磁强度一致，进一步提高直线驱动装置中力矩的稳定性。
以上仅为本公开的具体实施例，并不以此限定本公开的保护范围；在不违反本公开构思的基础上所作的任何替换与改进，均属本公开的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 直线驱动装置，其特征在于，包括导磁装置和磁体，所述导磁装置至少包括第一侧部和第二侧部，并且所述导磁装置设置有封闭磁腔，所述磁体位于所述第一侧部和所述第二侧部之间；
    所述磁体至少包括第一端和第二端，所述第一端和第二端的磁极方向相反，所述第一端与所述第一侧部相对应，所述第二端与所述第二侧部相对应；
    所述导磁装置上设置有绕组线圈，绕组线圈的环绕方向在磁腔内与磁体的第一端至第二端形成的方向垂直；
    所述导磁装置与所述磁体活动配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述直线驱动装置，其特征在于，所述导磁装置包括第一导磁机构、第二导磁机构、第一连接处和第二连接处，所述第一导磁机构和第二导磁机构通过所述第一连接处和第二连接处连接形成所述磁腔，所述绕组线圈的一侧贯穿所述磁腔。
  3. 如权利要求2所述直线驱动装置，其特征在于，所述绕组线圈设置有两组，两组所述绕组线圈分别设置在所述第一导磁机构和第二导磁机构上。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一项所述直线驱动装置，其特征在于，所述磁体包括连接板，所述连接板贯穿所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处。
  5. 如权利要求4所述直线驱动装置，其特征在于，所述导磁装置包括导套，所述导套设置在所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处至少之一上，所述连接板在所述导套上滑动。
  6. 如权利要求4所述直线驱动装置，其特征在于，所述连接板上连接有连接杆，所述连接杆位于所述第一连接处或所述第二连接处的外侧。
  7. 直线驱动装置，其特征在于，包括导磁装置和线圈装置，
    所述导磁装置至少包括第一侧部和第二侧部；
    还包括有磁体，该磁体位于所述第一侧部和所述第二侧部之间，并且所述导磁装置和磁体共同形成磁腔；
    所述磁体至少包括第一端和第二端，所述第一端和第二端方向相反；
    所述第一端与所述第一侧部相对应，所述第二端与所述第二侧部相对应；
    所述线圈装置至少包括骨架和绕组线圈；
    所述绕组线圈环绕所述骨架，所述绕组线圈的环绕方向至少有部分切线在磁腔内与磁体的第一端至第二端形成的方向垂直；
    所述线圈装置与所述导磁装置由机械滑轨连接。
  8. 安全钳装置，其特征在于，包括前述任一权利要求所述的直线驱动装置，所述安全钳装置还包括弹簧装置、安全钳本体和拉杆；
    所述弹簧装置包括上挡板、弹簧机构和下挡板，所述上挡板和下挡板在弹簧机构的两端，所述下挡板与所述安全钳本体位置相对固定；
    所述安全钳本体包括安全钳框架，所述安全钳框架内设有导向块装置、安全钳锲块和固定机构，所述导向块装置上设有第一倾斜边，所述安全钳锲块上设有与第一倾斜边的倾斜遍角度大小相对应第二倾斜边，所述第二倾斜边与所述第一倾斜边滑动匹配，所述固定机构位于所述安全钳锲块的底面，所述拉杆一端连接所述直线驱动装置并且贯穿所述弹簧装置，所述拉杆另一端连接所述固定机构。
  9. 电梯系统，其特征在于，包括控制系统、轿厢、导轨、前述权利要求所述安全钳装置，所述控制系统与所述绕组线圈电性连接，该安全钳装置安装于轿厢的两侧，并分别与轿厢两侧导轨配合对应，所述安全钳装置的安全钳锲块与导轨相配合。
  10. 电梯的控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    电梯正常运行时，如权利要求1至6任一项所述直线驱动系统带电，因电动力关系，所述磁体及连接板向下压紧或如权利要求7所述直线驱动系统带电，所述绕组线圈及骨架向下压紧；
    压缩所述弹簧装置，安全钳装置位于复位待机状态，即安全钳锲块处于张开状态，进而电梯轿厢自由上下运动；
    电梯系统检测轿厢运行的速度；
    当轿厢的实际运行速度超过预设的最高运行速度时或运行在井道非正常运行位置时，如在井道的终端位置时；
    控制系统使绕组线圈失电，导致直线驱动装置撤销向下推力；
    安全钳装置受到弹簧装置预置的压缩力作用向上推动拉杆，使拉杆继续拉动安全钳锲块运动，并通过安全钳锲块将导轨夹紧，使轿厢停止运行，实现电梯的紧急制动。
PCT/CN2019/107046 2018-12-29 2019-09-20 直线驱动装置、安全钳装置及电梯系统的控制方法 WO2020134225A1 (zh)

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