EP3904262A1

EP3904262A1 - Linear driving apparatus, safety gear apparatus, and method for controlling elevator system

Info

Publication number: EP3904262A1
Application number: EP19903945.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Yinghui Liu; Felix Grimm; Zhaoyang Ding
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-12-29
Filing date: 2019-09-20
Publication date: 2021-11-03
Also published as: WO2020134225A1; CN109516336A; CN109516336B; EP3904262A4

Abstract

Disclosed are a linear driving apparatus, a safety gear apparatus, and an elevator system and a method for controlling same. The linear driving apparatus comprises a magnetically conductive device (10) and a magnet (30), wherein the magnetically conductive device (10) comprises at least a first side portion (101) and a second side portion (102), and is provided with an enclosed magnetic cavity (33); the magnet (30) is located between the first side portion (101) and the second side portion (102) and comprises at least a first end (31) and a second end (32), wherein the magnetic pole directions of the two ends are opposite, and the first end (31) and the second end (32) correspond to the first side portion (101) and the second side portion (102) respectively; the magnetically conductive device (10) is provided with a winding coil (22), and in the magnetic cavity (33), the winding direction of the winding coil is perpendicular to the direction from the first end (31) to the second end (32) of the magnet (30); and the magnetically conductive device (10) movably fits the magnet (30).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201811653563.5, entitled "RESET APPARATUS, SAFETY GEAR APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ELEVATOR SYSTEM", filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on December 29, 2018 , which is incorporated herein as one part of the application.
The disclosure relates to the technical field of elevators, in particular to a linear driving apparatus, a safety gear apparatus and a method for controlling an elevator system.

2. Description of Related Art

With the constant acceleration of urbanization in China, more and more high-rise buildings are equipped with elevators, which makes the safety of the elevators closely related to people's life. Traditional elevator safety gears are driven by mechanical governors. With the development of the functional electronic safety technique, electronic governors gradually show better functions and performance, but electric safety gears matched with the electronic governors still remain imperfect.
Most existing electric safety gears reset based on the electromagnet technique, which, as is known to all, is typically used in a small spacing that is generally less than 20mm; once the spacing or the travel distance increases, the magnetic force of electromagnets will be reduced exponentially, and the effect becomes lower and lower, which greatly limits the application scenarios of the electromagnets and affects the safety coefficient of the elevators.
Common electromagnets generate a magnetic field by means of currents and then generate a magnetic attraction force by means of the magnetic field or magnetized ferromagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials, but the magnetic attraction force is unidirectional rather than bidirectional. In addition, because the magnetic attraction force is not in direct proportion with the distance, it is very difficult to control the torque when the common electromagnets work, and the stability is poor.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the disclosure is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a linear driving apparatus, a safety gear apparatus and a method for controlling an elevator system to solve the problems of long travel distance and large torque for driving required when electric safety gears reset and to realize good torque stability.

The technical solution of the disclosure is as follows:

A linear driving apparatus comprises a magnetically conductive device and a magnet, wherein the magnetically conductive device comprises at least a first side portion and a second side portion, and is provided with an enclosed magnetic cavity; the magnet is located between the first side portion and the second side portion and comprises at least a first end and a second end, magnetic pole directions of the first end and the second end are opposite, the first end corresponds to the first side portion, and the second end corresponds to the second side portion; the magnetically conductive device is provided with a winding coil, and in the magnetic cavity, the winding direction of the winding coil is perpendicular to the direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet; and the magnetically conductive device movably fits the magnet.
The magnetically conductive device comprises a first magnetically conductive mechanism, a second magnetically conductive mechanism, a first joint and a second joint, wherein the first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism are connected through the first joint and the second joint to form the magnetic cavity, and one side of the winding coil penetrates through the magnetic cavity.
Two winding coils are arranged on the first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism, respectively.
The magnet comprises a connecting plate which penetrates through the first joint or the second joint.
The magnetically conductive device comprises a guide sleeve which is arranged on at least one of the first joint and the second joint, and the connecting plate slides on the guide sleeve.
A connecting rod is connected to the connecting plate and is located on the outer side of the first joint or the second joint.
A linear driving apparatus comprises a magnetically conductive device and a coil device, wherein the magnetically conductive device comprises at least a first side portion and a second side portion. The linear driving apparatus further comprises a magnet, wherein the magnet is located between the first side portion and the second side portion and defines a magnetic cavity together with the magnetically conductive device; the magnet comprises at least a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are opposite in direction; the first end corresponds to the first side portion, and the second end corresponds to the second side portion; the coil device comprises at least a bobbin and a winding coil; the winding coil is wound around the bobbin, and in the magnetic cavity, at least one part of a tangent line in the winding direction of the winding coil is perpendicular to the direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet; and the coil device is connected to the magnetically conductive device through a mechanical slide rail.
The bobbin comprises a first end portion, a second end portion and a connecting plate, wherein the first end and the second end are located at two ends of the connecting plate, and the connecting plate is located outside a second magnetically conductive mechanism.
Guide slots which are concaved inwards are formed in the first end portion and the second end portion, slide rails which protrude outwards are arranged on two sides of the second magnetically conductive mechanism, the guide slots are matched with the slide rails, and a mechanical guide mechanism in the moving direction of the linear driving apparatus is formed at least by the guide slots and the slide rails.
A connecting mechanism is arranged on the connecting plate, and a connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the connecting mechanism and is located on the outer side of the second magnetically conductive mechanism.
The magnetizing direction of the magnet is the connecting direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet, and the first end of the magnet is a source pole or a north pole of a magnetic field.
The magnetically conductive mechanism and the magnetic are identical in thickness, and the magnetizing intensity of the magnet on the same horizontal plane is constant.
A safety gear apparatus comprises any one linear driving apparatus mentioned above, a spring device, a safety gear body and a tie bar, wherein the spring device comprises an upper baffle, a spring mechanism and a lower baffle, the upper baffle and the lower baffle are arranged at two ends of the spring mechanism, and the positions of the lower baffle and the safety gear body are fixed; the safety gear body comprises a safety gear frame, in which a guide block device, a safety gear wedge and a fixing mechanism are arranged, the guide block device has a first sloping edge, the safety gear wedge has a second sloping edge with an angle corresponding to that of the first sloping edge, the second sloping edge slidably fits the first sloping edge, the fixing mechanism is located on the bottom surface of the safety gear wedge, and the tie bar has an end connected to the linear driving device and penetrating through the spring device as well as an end connected to the fixing mechanism.
An elevator system comprises a control system, an elevator car, guide rails, and the safety gear apparatus according to Claim 10, wherein the control system is electrically connected to the winding coil, the safety gear apparatuses are arranged on two sides of the elevator car and fit and correspond to the guide rails on the two sides of the elevator car, and the safety gear wedges of the safety gear devices fit the guide rails.
A method for controlling an elevator comprises the following steps:

When an elevator runs normally, powering on the linear driving apparatus to downwards press the magnet and the connecting plate under an electric relation; or, powering on the linear driving apparatus to downwards press the winding coil and the bobbin;
Compressing the spring devices to enable the safety gear apparatuses to be in a rest and standby state, that is, the safety gear wedges are stretched, so that the elevator car can move vertically freely;

Detecting the running speed of the elevator car by an elevator system;

When the actual running speed of the elevator car exceeds a preset maximum running speed or the elevator car runs to an abnormal position of a hoistway, such as the end of the hoistway,
Powering off the winding coil by a control system to enable the linear driving apparatuses to withdraw a downward pushing force; and
Pushing the tie bar upwards by the safety gear apparatuses under the effect of a preset compression force from the spring device to continue to pull the safety gear wedges to move, and clamping the guide rails by the safety gear wedges to stop the elevator car, so that emergency braking of the elevator is realized.

It should be particularly noted that:

1. The magnet may be a permanent magnet;
2. The first end of the magnet may be a south pole or a north pole of a magnetic field; when the first end is the south pole of the magnetic field, the second end is the north pole of the magnetic field; when the first end is the north pole of the magnetic field, the second end is the south pole of the magnetic field;
3. The first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism are made of materials with a high magnetic conductivity;
4. The coil device horizontally penetrates through the magnetic cavity from the top of the magnet;
5. "Perpendicular" does not refer to "absolutely perpendicular".

The advantages or principle of the disclosure will be explained as follows:

1. According to the linear driving apparatus, the magnetically conductive device and the magnetic define the magnetic cavity jointly, and the winding direction of the winding coil in the magnetic cavity is perpendicular to the direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet, so that when a DC current passes through the winding coil, the current cuts magnetic lines of force above the magnet, a live wire will generate a torque perpendicular to the magnetic field according to the principle of Ampere force, and different from a torque between magnetic field forces of common electromagnets, this torque is a direct torque between charged particles of the current and the magnetic field; the travel distance of the magnet depends on the spatial length of the magnetic cavity; in the space of the magnetic cavity, the torque can be effectively controlled during the running process of the magnet by controlling the magnitude of the current, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic cavity or the number of turns of the winding coil, so as to guarantee good stability of the torque of the linear driving apparatus and increase the safety coefficient of the elevator; in addition, the sliding direction of the magnet can be changed by adjusting the direction of the current or the direction of the magnetic induction line; the magnetically conductive device movably fits the magnet, such that the magnet can move on the magnetically conductive device.
2. The magnetic cavity is formed by the first magnetically conductive mechanism, the second magnetically conductive mechanism, the first joint and the second joint on the magnetically conductive device as well as the magnet, the magnetically conductive device has a high magnetic conductivity and thus can give a full play to the magnetic performance of the winding coil, and most magnetic lines of force can form a loop in the magnetically conductive device, so that magnetic lines of force outside the magnetically conductive device are greatly weakened, and a good magnetic field shielding effect is realized; this structure can maximize the effect of the magnetic lines of force on the portion, in the magnetic cavity, of the winding coil, such that a maximum torque can be generated when the winding coil is powered on.
3. Two winding coils are arranged on the first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism respectively and are of the same specification, such that the magnetic field intensity in the middle of the two winding coils is maximized; the left and right magnetic fields change uniformly, so that a more uniform force is applied to the magnet between the magnetic fields.
4. The connecting plate provides a connecting site for connecting the magnet to another mechanism without being affected, such that the mechanism is more stable; in addition, the guide sleeve not only can reduce the frictional force, but also has a guide effect.
5. The connecting rod is arranged on the connecting plate, so that the magnet will not be disturbed during operation; the connecting rod is connected to the outer side of the first joint or the second joint and thus will not be clamped on the guide sleeve during operation.
6. Because the magnetic cavity is enclosed, the portion, located outside the magnetic cavity, of the winding coil will not be affected by the magnetic lines of force, which makes the stress direction of the winding coil and the bobbin stable; one side of the winding coil penetrates through the magnetic cavity, and the bobbin above the magnet is thin, so that the winding coil is closer to the magnet, and the effect of the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic cavity is fully used.
7. The first end portion and the second end portion of the bobbin are connected through the connecting plate, such that the winding coil can be easily wound around the bobbin, and the force applied to the winding coil is finally transmitted to a mechanism outside.
8. The slide rails are arranged on two sides of the second magnetically conductive mechanism, and the guide slots are matched with the slide rails; when the coil device is fixed, the magnetically conductive device and the magnet slide with respect to the bobbin and the winding coil of the coil device through the slide rails; when the magnetically conductive device and the magnet are fixed, the bobbin and the winding coil of the coil device slide with respect to the magnetically conductive device and the magnet 30 through the slide rails.
9. Sliding mechanisms are arranged on the slide rails to allow the magnetically conductive device to slide more smoothly, reduce the sliding resistance and transmit the force applied to the winding coil to the outside; the connecting rod is fixed to the tie bar and is connected to the safety gear apparatus to drive the safety gear apparatus to operate.
10. When the magnetically conductive device and the magnet are fixed and the coil device slides, the coil device drives the connecting rod to pull the safety gear apparatus below.
11. The magnetizing direction of the magnet is the connecting direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet, the magnetic cavity needs to generate a maximum magnetic line of force perpendicular to the first end of the magnet to have a sufficient coverage space, such that there will be a sufficient movement space in the magnetic cavity when the winding coil is powered on.
12. To ensure that the torque linearity of the linear driving apparatus has higher controllability, the intensity of magnetic lines of force in the magnetic cavity should be linearly uniform; because the thickness of the magnetically conductive device and the thickness of a magnet body will influence the distribution density of the magnetic lines of force to some extent, the magnetically conductive device and the magnet are required to have the same thickness, the magnetizing intensities of the first end and the second end of the magnet should be consistent, such that the stability of the torque of the linear driving apparatus is further improved.
13. When the protection mechanism of the safety gear apparatus is not triggered, the spring device will be always in a to-be-triggered state; when the elevator car descends rapidly due to a fault, the control system stops supplying power to the coil device, the protection mechanism of the safety gear apparatus is triggered under the effect of the spring device, the spring device releases mechanical energy through the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the spring mechanism to drive the connecting rod which in turn pulls the fixing mechanism to eject the safety gear wedge, the first sloping edge slidably fits the second sloping edge to clamp the safety gear wedge, and thus, the elevator car is braked for protection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

To more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the disclosure, drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the disclosure, and are not intended to limit the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a magnetically conductive device in Embodiment 1 of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an axonometric drawing of the magnetically conductive device in Embodiment 1 of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a safety gear apparatus in Embodiment 1 of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a magnetically conductive device and a coil device in Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the magnetically conductive device in Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the magnetically conductive device and the coil device in Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 is an axonometric drawing of a linear driving apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;
FIG. 8 is an axonometric drawing of a safety gear apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;
FIG. 9 is an axonometric drawing of an elevator in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the disclosure;

Reference signs:

10, magnetically conductive device; 101, first side portion; 102, second side portion; 11, first magnetically conductive mechanism; 12, second magnetically conductive mechanism; 13, first joint; 14, second joint; 15, slide rail; 151, sliding mechanism; 16, guide sleeve; 20, coil device; 21, bobbin; 211, first end portion; 212, second end portion; 213, guide slot; 214, connecting plate; 215, connecting rod; 22, winding coil; 30, magnet; 31, first end; 32, second end; 33, magnetic cavity; 40, safety gear apparatus; 41, spring device; 411, upper baffle; 412, lower baffle; 413, spring mechanism; 42, safety gear body; 421, safety gear frame; 422, guide block device; 423, safety gear wedge; 424, fixing mechanism; 425, first sloping edge; 426, second sloping edge; 43, tie bar; 50, elevator car.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail below.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, a linear driving apparatus comprises a magnetically conductive device 10 and a magnet 30, wherein the magnetically conductive device 10 comprises at least one a first side portion 101 and a second side portion 102, and is provided with an enclosed magnetic cavity 33; the magnet 30 is located between the first side portion 101 and the second side portion 102 and comprises at least a first end 31 and a second end 32, magnetic pole directions of the first end 31 and the second end 32 are opposite, the first end 31 corresponds to the first side portion 101, and the second end 32 corresponds to the second side portion 102; the magnetically conductive device 10 is provided with a winding coil 22, and in the magnetic cavity 33, the winding direction of the winding coil 22 is perpendicular to the direction from the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30; and the magnetically conductive device 10 movably fits the magnet 30. Wherein, in this embodiment, the first end 31 and the second end 32 are close to the winding coil 22.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the magnetically conductive device 10 comprises a first magnetically conductive mechanism 11, a second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, a first joint 13 and a second joint 14, wherein the first magnetically conductive mechanism 11 and the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12 are connected through the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 to form the magnetic cavity 33, and one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates through the magnetic cavity 33. Two winding coils 22 are arranged on the first magnetically conductive mechanism 11 and the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, respectively. The magnet 30 comprises a connecting plate 214 which penetrates through the first joint 13 or the second joint 14. The magnetically conductive device 10 comprises a guide sleeve 16 which is arranged on at least one of the first joint 13 and the second joint 14, and the connecting plate 214 slides on the guide sleeve 16.
As shown in FIG. 3, a connecting rod 215 is connected to the connecting plate 214 and is located on the outer side of the first joint 13 or the second joint 14.
As shown in FIG. 3, a safety gear apparatus 40 comprises a linear driving apparatus, a spring device 41, a safety gear body 42 and a tie bar 43, wherein the spring device 41 comprises an upper baffle 411, a spring mechanism 413 and a lower baffle 412, the upper baffle 411 and the lower baffle 412 are arranged at two ends of the spring mechanism 413, and the positions of the lower baffle 412 and the safety gear body 42 are fixed; the safety gear body 42 comprises a safety gear frame 421 in which a guide block device 422, a safety gear wedge 423 and a fixing mechanism 424 are arranged, the guide block device 422 has a first sloping edge 425, the safety gear wedge 423 has a second sloping edge 426 with an angle corresponding to that of the first sloping edge 425, the second sloping edge 426 slidably fits the first sloping edge 425, the fixing mechanism 424 is located on the bottom surface of the safety gear wedge 423, one end of the tie bar 43 is connected to the linear driving apparatus and penetrates through the spring device 41, and the other end of the tie bar 43 is connected to the fixing mechanism 424.
As shown in FIG. 9, an elevator system comprises a control system, an elevator car 50, guide rails and safety gear apparatuses 40, wherein the control system is electrically connected to a winding coil 22, the safety gear apparatuses 40 are disposed on two sides of the elevator car 50 and fit and correspond to the guide rails on the two sides of the elevator car 50 respectively, and safety gear wedges 423 of the safety gear apparatuses 40 fit the guide rails.
A method for controlling an elevator comprises the following steps: when an elevator runs normally, the linear driving apparatus is powered on to press the magnet 30 and the connecting plate 214 downwards under the electric relation so as to compress the spring devices 41 to make the safety gear apparatuses 40 in a reset and standby state, that is, the safety gear wedges 423 are stretched, and then, the elevator car 50 moves vertically freely; the elevator system detects the running speed of the elevator car 50; when the actual running speed of the elevator car 50 exceeds a preset maximum running speed or the elevator car 50 runs to an abnormal position of a hoistway, such as the end of the hoistway, the control system powers off the winding coil 22 to enable the linear driving device to withdraw the downward pushing force; and the safety gear apparatuses 40 push the tie bar 43 upwards under the effect of a preset compression force from the spring devices 41, and the tie bar 43 drives the safety gear wedges 423 to move and clamp the guide rails to stop the elevator car 50, so that emergency braking of the elevator is realized.
This embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:

1. According to the linear driving apparatus, the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnetic 30 define the magnetic cavity 33 jointly, and the winding direction of the winding coil 22 in the magnetic cavity 33 is perpendicular to the direction from the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30, so that when a DC current passes through the winding coil 22, the current cuts magnetic lines of force above the magnet 30, a live wire will generate a torque perpendicular to the magnetic field according to the principle of Ampere force, and different from a torque between magnetic field forces of common electromagnets, this torque is a direct torque between charged particles of the current and the magnetic field; the travel distance of the magnet 30 depends on the spatial length of the magnetic cavity 33; in the space of the magnetic cavity 33, the torque can be effectively controlled during the running process of the magnet 30 by controlling the magnitude of the current, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic cavity 33 or the number of turns of the winding coil 22, so as to guarantee good stability of the torque of the linear driving apparatus and increase the safety coefficient of the elevator; in addition, the sliding direction of the magnet 30 can be changed by adjusting the direction of the current or the direction of the magnetic induction line; the magnetically conductive device 10 movably fits the magnet 30, such that the magnet 30 can move on the magnetically conductive device 10.
2. The magnetic cavity 33 is formed by the first magnetically conductive mechanism 11, the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 on the magnetically conductive device 10 as well as the magnet 30, the magnetically conductive device 10 has a high magnetic conductivity and thus can give a full play to the magnetic performance of the winding coil 22, and most magnetic lines of force can form a loop in the magnetically conductive device 10, so that magnetic lines of force outside the magnetically conductive device 10 are greatly weakened, and a good magnetic field shielding effect is realized; this structure can maximize the effect of the magnetic lines of force on the portion, in the magnetic cavity 33, of the winding coil 22, such that a maximum torque can be generated when the winding coil 22 is powered on.
3. Two winding coils 22 are arranged on the first magnetically conductive mechanism 11 and the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12 respectively and are of the same specification, such that the magnetic field intensity in the middle of the two winding coils 22 is maximized; the left and right magnetic fields change uniformly, so that a more uniform force is applied to the magnet 30 between the magnetic fields.
4. The connecting plate 214 provides a connecting site for connecting the magnet 30 to another mechanism without being affected, such that the mechanism is more stable; in addition, the guide sleeve 16 not only can reduce the frictional force, but also has a guide effect.
5. The connecting rod 215 is arranged on the connecting plate 214, so that the magnet 30 will not be disturbed during operation; the connecting rod 215 is connected to the outer side of the first joint 13 or the second joint 14 and thus will not be clamped on the guide sleeve 16 during operation.
6. Because the magnetic cavity 33 is enclosed, the portion, located outside the magnetic cavity 33, of the winding coil 22 will not be affected by the magnetic lines of force, which makes the stress direction of the winding coil 22 and the bobbin stable; one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates through the magnetic cavity 33, and the bobbin 21 above the magnet 30 is thin, so that the winding coil 22 is closer to the magnet 30, and the effect of the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic cavity 33 is fully used.
7. When the protection mechanism of the safety gear apparatus 40 is not triggered, the spring device 41 will be always in a to-be-triggered state; when the elevator car 50 descends rapidly due to a fault, the control system stops supplying power to the coil device 20, the protection mechanism of the safety gear apparatus 40 is triggered under the effect of the spring device 41, the spring device 41 releases mechanical energy through the upper baffle 411, the lower baffle 412 and the spring mechanism 413 to drive the connecting rod which in turn pulls the fixing mechanism 424 to eject the safety gear wedge 423, the first sloping edge 425 slidably fits the second sloping edge 426 to clamp the safety gear wedge 423, and thus, the elevator car 50 is braked for protection.

Embodiment 2:

As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 9, a linear driving apparatus comprises a magnetically conductive device 10 and a coil device 20, wherein the magnetically conductive device 10 comprises at least a first side portion 101 and a second side portion 102. The linear driving apparatus further comprises a magnet 30 located between the first side portion 101 and the second side portion 102, and a magnetic cavity 33 is defined by the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30. The magnet 30 comprises at least a first end 31 and a second end 32, wherein the first end 31 and the second end 32 are opposite in direction, the first end 31 corresponds to the first side portion 101, and the second end 32 corresponds to the second side portion 102. The coil device 20 comprises at least a bobbin 21 and a winding coil 22, wherein the winding coil 22 is wound around the bobbin 21, and in the magnetic cavity 33, at least one part of a tangent line in the winding direction of the winding coil 22 is perpendicular to the direction from the first end 31 to the second end of the magnet 30; and the coil device 20 is connected to the magnetically conductive device 10 through a mechanical slide rail 15.
The bobbin 21 comprises a first end portion 211, a second end portion 212 and a connecting plate 214, wherein the first end portion 211 and the second end portion 212 are located at two ends of the connecting plate 214, and the connecting plate 214 is located outside a second magnetically conductive mechanism 12; a connecting mechanism is arranged on the connecting plate 214, and a connecting rod 215 is fixedly mounted on the connecting mechanism and is located outside the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12.
Guide slots 213 which are concaved inwards are formed in the first end portion 211 and the second end portion 212, slide rails 15 which protrude outwards are arranged on two sides of the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, the guide slots 213 are matched with the sliding rails 15, and a mechanical guide mechanism in the moving direction of the linear driving apparatus is formed by at least the guide slots 213 and the slide rails 15.
The magnetizing direction of the magnet 30 is the connecting direction from the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30, and the first end 31 of the magnet 30 is a south pole or a north pole of a magnetic field; the magnetically conductive mechanisms and the magnet 30 are identical in thickness; the magnetizing intensity of the magnet 30 on the same horizontal plane is constant; the magnetically conductive device 10 comprises a first magnetically conductive mechanism 11 and the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12 which are connected through a first joint 13 and a second joint 14, and one side of the winding coil 22 penetrates through the magnetic cavity 33.
A method for controlling an elevator in this embodiment differs from the method in Embodiment 1 in that when the elevator runs normally, the winding coil 22 and the bobbin 21 are pressed downwards.
This embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:

1. According to the linear driving apparatus, the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnetic 30 define the magnetic cavity 33 jointly, and the winding direction of the winding coil 22 in the magnetic cavity 33 is perpendicular to the direction from the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30, so that when a DC current passes through the coil device 20, the current cuts magnetic lines of force above the magnet 30, a live wire will generate a torque perpendicular to the magnetic field according to the principle of Ampere force, and different from a torque between magnetic field forces of common electromagnets, this torque is a direct torque between charged particles of the current and the magnetic field; the travel distance of the coil device 20 depends on the spatial length of the magnetic cavity 33 in the direction of the slide rails 15; in the space of the magnetic cavity 33, the torque can be effectively controlled during the running process of the coil device 20 by controlling the magnitude of the current, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic cavity 33 or the number of turns of the winding coil 22, so as to guarantee good stability of the torque of the linear driving apparatus and increase the safety coefficient of the elevator; in addition, the sliding direction of the coil device 20 can be changed by adjusting the direction of the current or the direction of the magnetic induction line.
2. The magnetic cavity 33 is formed by the first magnetically conductive mechanism 11, the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 on the magnetically conductive device 10 as well as the magnet 30, the magnetically conductive mechanisms have a high magnetic conductivity and thus can give a full play to the magnetic performance of the magnet 30, and most magnetic lines of force can form a loop in the magnetically conductive mechanisms, so that magnetic lines of force outside the magnetically conductive mechanisms are greatly weakened, and a good magnetic field shielding effect is realized; this structure can maximize the effect of the magnetic lines of force on the portion, in the magnetic cavity 33, of the winding coil 22, such that a maximum torque can be generated when the winding coil 22 is powered on; the portion, located outside the magnetic cavity 33, of the winding coil 22 will be hardly affected by the magnetic lines of force, such that the stress direction of the winding coil 22 and the bobbin 21 is stable; one side of the winding coil penetrates through the magnetic cavity 33, and the bobbin 21 above the magnet 30 is thin, so that the winding coil 22 is closer to the magnet 30, and the effect of the magnetic lines of force in the magnetic cavity 33 is fully used.
3. The first end portion 211 and the second end portion 212 of the bobbin 21 are connected through the connecting plate 214, such that the winding coil 22 can be easily wound around the bobbin 21, and the force applied to the winding coil 22 is finally transmitted to a mechanism outside.
4. The slide rails 15 are arranged on two sides of the second magnetically conductive mechanism 12, and the guide slots 213 are matched with the slide rails 15; when the coil device 20 is fixed, the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30 slide with respect to the bobbin 21 and the winding coil 22 of the coil device 20 through the slide rails 15; when the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30 are fixed, the bobbin 21 and the winding coil 22 of the coil device 20 slide with respect to the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30 through the slide rails 15.
5. Sliding mechanisms 151 are arranged on the slide rails 15 to allow the magnetically conductive device 10 to slide more smoothly, reduce the sliding resistance and transmit the force applied to the winding coil 22 to the outside; the connecting rod 215 is fixed to the tie bar 43 and is connected to the safety gear apparatus 40 to drive the safety gear apparatus 40 to operate.
6. When the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30 are fixed and the coil device 20 slides, the coil device 20 drives the connecting rod 215 to pull the safety gear apparatus 40 below.
7. The magnetizing direction of the magnet 30 is the connecting direction from the first end 31 to the second end 32 of the magnet 30, the magnetic cavity 33 needs to generate a maximum magnetic line of force perpendicular to the first end 31 of the magnet 30 to have a sufficient coverage space, such that there will be a sufficient movement space in the magnetic cavity 33 when the winding coil 22 is powered on.
8. To ensure that the torque linearity of the linear driving apparatus has higher controllability, the intensity of magnetic lines of force in the magnetic cavity 33 should be linearly uniform; because the thickness of the magnetically conductive device 10 and the thickness of a magnet 30 body will influence the distribution density of the magnetic lines of force to some extent, the magnetically conductive device 10 and the magnet 30 are required to have the same thickness, the magnetizing intensities of the first end 31 and the second end 32 of the magnet 30 should be consistent, such that the stability of the torque of the linear driving apparatus is further improved.
The above embodiments are merely specific ones of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the disclosure. Any substitutions and improvements made without departing from the conception of the disclosure should also fall within the protection scope of the disclosure.

Claims

A linear driving apparatus, comprising a magnetically conductive device and a magnet, wherein the magnetically conductive device comprises at least a first side portion and a second side portion and is provided with an enclosed magnetic cavity, and the magnet is located between the first side portion and the second side portion;
the magnet comprises at least a first end and a second end, magnetic pole directions of the first end and the second end are opposite, the first end corresponds to the first side portion, and the second end corresponds to the second side portion;

the magnetically conductive device is provided with a winding coil, and in the magnetic cavity, a winding direction of the winding coil is perpendicular to a direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet;

the magnetically conductive device movably fits the magnet.
The linear driving apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the magnetically conductive device comprises a first magnetically conductive mechanism, a second magnetically conductive mechanism, a first joint and a second joint, the first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism are connected through the first joint and the second joint to form the magnetic cavity, and one side of the winding coil penetrates through the magnetic cavity.
The linear driving apparatus according to Claim 2, wherein two winding coils are arranged on the first magnetically conductive mechanism and the second magnetically conductive mechanism, respectively.
The linear driving apparatus according to any one of Claims 1-3, wherein the magnet comprises a connecting plate which penetrates through the first joint or the second joint.
The linear driving apparatus according to Claim 4, wherein the magnetically conductive device comprises a guide sleeve which is arranged on at least one of the first joint and the second joint, and the connecting plate slides on the guide sleeve.
The linear driving apparatus according to Claim 4, wherein a connecting rod is connected to the connecting plate and is located on an outer side of the first joint or the second joint.
A linear driving apparatus, comprising a magnetically conductive device and a coil device, wherein
the magnetically conductive device comprises at least a first side portion and a second side portion;

the linear driving apparatus further comprises a magnet, which is located between the first side portion and the second side portion and defines a magnetic cavity together with the magnetically conductive device;

the magnet comprises at least a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are opposite in direction;

the first end corresponds to the first side portion, and the second end corresponds to the second side portion;

the coil device comprises at least a bobbin and a winding coil;

the winding coil is wound around the bobbin, and in the magnetic cavity, at least one part of a tangent line in a winding direction of the winding coil is perpendicular to a direction from the first end to the second end of the magnet;

the coil device is connected to the magnetically conductive device through a mechanical slide rail.
A safety gear apparatus, comprising the linear driving apparatus according to any one of Claims 1-7, and further comprising a spring device, a safety gear body and a tie bar, wherein:
the spring device comprises an upper baffle, a spring mechanism and a lower baffle, the upper baffle and the lower baffle are arranged at two ends of the spring mechanism, and positions of the lower baffle and the safety gear body are fixed;

the safety gear body comprises a safety gear frame in which a guide block device, a safety gear wedge and a fixing mechanism are arranged, the guide block device has a first sloping edge, the safety gear wedge has a second sloping edge with an angle corresponding to that of the first sloping edge, the second sloping edge slidably fits the first sloping edge, the fixing mechanism is located on a bottom surface of the safety gear wedge, and the tie bar has an end connected to the linear driving device and penetrating through the spring device and an end connected to the fixing mechanism.
An elevator system, comprising a control system, an elevator car, guide rails, and the safety gear apparatus according to Claim 8, wherein the control system is electrically connected to the winding coil, the safety gear apparatuses are arranged on two sides of the elevator car and fit and correspond to the guide rails on the two sides of the elevator car, and the safety gear wedges of the safety gear apparatuses fit the guide rails.
A method for controlling an elevator, comprising:
when the elevator runs normally, powering on the linear driving apparatus according to any of Claims 1-6 to downwards press the magnet and the connecting plate under an electric relation; or, powering on the linear driving apparatus to downwards press the winding coil and the bobbin;

compressing the spring devices to enable the safety gear apparatuses to be in a rest and standby state, that is, the safety gear wedges are stretched, so that the elevator car can move vertically freely;

detecting a running speed of the elevator car by an elevator system;

when the actual running speed of the elevator car exceeds a preset maximum running speed or the elevator car runs to an abnormal position of a hoistway, such as an end of the hoistway,

powering off the winding coil by a control system to enable the linear driving apparatuses to withdraw a downward pushing force; and

pushing the tie bar upwards by the safety gear apparatuses under the effect of a preset compression force from the spring devices to continue to pull the safety gear wedges to move, and clamping the guide rails by the safety gear wedges to stop the elevator car, so that emergency braking of the elevator is realized.