WO2020134187A1 - 一种采掘工作面巡检机器人及其应用 - Google Patents

一种采掘工作面巡检机器人及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134187A1
WO2020134187A1 PCT/CN2019/105330 CN2019105330W WO2020134187A1 WO 2020134187 A1 WO2020134187 A1 WO 2020134187A1 CN 2019105330 W CN2019105330 W CN 2019105330W WO 2020134187 A1 WO2020134187 A1 WO 2020134187A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
proof
inspection robot
controller
electric cylinder
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/105330
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾庆良
孙志远
万丽荣
戴汉政
田明倩
杨扬
逯振国
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Publication of WO2020134187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134187A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J11/00Manipulators not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D57/00Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
    • B62D57/02Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • E21F17/185Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/18Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a patrol robot for mining face and its application, which belongs to the technical field of special robots.
  • Coal is my country's main energy source, and it is also the most economical and clean and efficient energy source.
  • my country's coal is dominated by mining.
  • the degree of mechanization, informatization and automation of mine production has been greatly improved, the safety situation in the underground has improved, and the rate of accidents and death rates has declined significantly.
  • roof disasters are the most common and prone accidents in coal mines.
  • roof accidents rank first among all types of coal mine accidents.
  • the roof rock layer above the coal layer lost its support, the original pressure balance was destroyed, and the roof of the coal layer was deformed and destroyed under the pressure of the overlying rock layer. If our support is not timely or the support strength is not enough, it is easy to cause the roof rock layer of the working face to break and fall, causing casualties and loss of property and equipment.
  • Coal seam is often accompanied by gas (methane, etc.).
  • Mine water inrush is a phenomenon in which a large amount of groundwater suddenly flows into a mine shaft and tunnel when the roadway exposes the water guide fracture and water-rich karst cave during driving or mining. Mine water inrush is one of the most threatening disasters in the production process of coal mines, with large casualties and economic losses ranked first among the three major accidents in coal mines. Therefore, the monitoring of underground gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, coal dust concentration, roof deformation and operation of mining equipment is related to production safety and staff safety.
  • the existing leg-type robot has low motion efficiency and complicated control, and cannot meet the complex environmental requirements of the underground.
  • the wheeled robot has the advantages of simple structure, high speed, simple control, stable motion and low energy consumption, but it is not suitable for crossing obstacles such as ravines and muddy roads.
  • Crawler robots have stronger terrain adaptability than wheeled robots. They have higher obstacle-crossing capabilities and good environmental adaptability in steep terrain and complex environments. However, due to the large friction resistance, their energy consumption is very high. High and low speed. Therefore, for the complex underground environment, a single walking method can no longer meet the needs.
  • the present invention provides a patrol inspection robot for mining face, which meets the requirements of explosion-proof, waterproof and insulation of mining face in coal mine, and can realize the operation of harmful gas, temperature, dust and equipment on mining face
  • the status, roof deformation, water inrush and coal wall conditions are detected, and the data information is uploaded to the mine control center through the wireless communication network for real-time monitoring and analysis. And it can realize the free conversion between wheeled and crawler under various road conditions, meet the needs of different road conditions, and improve the adaptability of terrain.
  • the invention also provides the working method of the above-mentioned inspection robot for mining face.
  • a patrol inspection robot for excavation working face including body, explosion-proof omnidirectional vehicle head, sensor integrated module, explosion-proof infrared camera, intrinsically safe wireless communicator;
  • the machine body includes the frame, explosion-proof servo motor, transmission device, independent suspension device, walking device, explosion-proof servo, explosion-proof intrinsically safe power supply and explosion-proof box; explosion-proof servo motor, explosion-proof intrinsically safe power supply, explosion-proof servo, explosion-proof box All are installed at the bottom of the rack; four independent suspension devices are symmetrically arranged at the front, back, left, and right of the rack, and are respectively connected to the walking device; the explosion-proof servo motor drives the walking device through the transmission device; the explosion-proof servo is connected to the independent suspension device to control the walking device Turn around
  • An explosion-proof infrared camera is installed at the front and rear ends of the rack.
  • the explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle head is installed on the rack through the steering table.
  • the explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle head includes explosion-proof camera and explosion-proof LED infrared lamp, intrinsically safe wireless communicator Set on the rack;
  • the flameproof box is equipped with a main controller, servo motor controller, clutch brake controller, electric cylinder controller, steering gear controller and data information processor; sensor integrated module, explosion-proof infrared camera, explosion-proof camera, explosion-proof LED infrared
  • the lights are connected to the data information processor; data information processor, servo motor controller, clutch brake controller, electric cylinder controller, steering gear controller, intrinsically safe wireless communicator, explosion-proof intrinsically safe power supply, explosion-proof camera, Explosion-proof LED infrared lights are connected to the main controller respectively.
  • the walking device includes a planetary gear reduction mechanism, a movable combination hub mechanism and a rubber crawler transmission mechanism; the planetary gear reduction mechanism is connected to the movable combination hub mechanism through an explosion-proof electric cylinder and a supporting rod, and the movable unit works through an explosion-proof electric cylinder
  • the combined wheel hub mechanism changes the external shape; the rubber track transmission mechanism is connected to the movable combined wheel hub mechanism, and when the outer shape of the movable combined wheel hub mechanism changes, the conversion between the wheeled form and the tracked form of the rubber track transmission mechanism is realized.
  • the planetary gear reduction mechanism includes a front planetary carrier, a rear planetary carrier, a drive shaft, a sun gear, a planetary shaft, a planetary gear, an explosion-proof brake, and an explosion-proof clutch;
  • the sun gear is fixedly installed on the drive shaft, and the drive shaft passes through the rear
  • the planet carrier is connected to the transmission device through a universal coupling;
  • the planet wheels are mounted on the planet shaft through the bearing connection, the three planet wheels mesh with the sun gear, the planet shaft is connected between the front planet carrier and the rear planet carrier, the explosion-proof brake and
  • the explosion-proof clutch is installed on the drive shaft and is located on the side of the rear planetary carrier.
  • the movable combined hub mechanism includes a hub plate, a reinforcement plate and a load bearing shaft; the explosion-proof electric cylinder is fixedly installed on the front planetary carrier, the two sides of the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar are symmetrically hinged to the hub plate, and each side of the hub plate passes through the load-bearing shaft Corresponding to the reinforcement plate, one end of the support rod is hinged with the hub plate, and the other end is hinged with the front planetary carrier or the rear planetary carrier.
  • the movable combined hub mechanism includes twelve hub plates, and each four hub plates are symmetrically hinged to both sides of the same explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar.
  • the advantage of this design is that twelve hub plates can be used to form a round hub, and at least three explosion-proof electric cylinders can be used to convert twelve hub plates between round hub and track.
  • the rubber track transmission mechanism includes a rubber track, a driving wheel, and a load-bearing wheel; each of the left and right sides of the planetary wheel has a drive wheel and the drive wheel is mounted on the planetary shaft, and the load-bearing wheel is installed between the hub plate and the reinforcing plate On the load-bearing shaft, a rubber crawler wraps the drive wheel and the load-bearing wheel, and the inside of the rubber crawler meshes with the drive wheel.
  • bearing wheels are arranged between the hub plate and the reinforcement plate.
  • the independent suspension device includes an upper swing arm, a lower swing arm, a steering bracket, a shock absorber and a steering link; one end of the upper swing arm is hinged with the steering bracket and the shock absorber, and the other end is hinged with the frame, The other end of the shock absorber is hinged to the frame, the two ends of the lower swing arm are respectively hinged to the steering bracket and the frame, one end of the steering gear link is hinged to the steering bracket, and the other end is connected to the explosion-proof steering gear.
  • the explosion-proof servo motor, explosion-proof steering gear, explosion-proof clutch, explosion-proof brake, and explosion-proof electric cylinder are respectively connected and controlled by a servo motor controller, a steering gear controller, a clutch brake controller, and an electric cylinder controller.
  • a servo motor controller a steering gear controller
  • a clutch brake controller a clutch brake controller
  • the transmission device includes a front spindle, a rear spindle, a spindle universal coupling, and a differential; an explosion-proof servo motor integrates a reducer, the front spindle is connected to the explosion-proof servo motor, and the rear spindle passes through the spindle universal coupling It is connected with the explosion-proof servo motor.
  • the other ends of the front and rear main shafts are respectively connected with differentials.
  • the two output shafts of the differentials are respectively connected with universal couplings on the left and right sides.
  • the explosion-proof steering gear and the steering gear connecting rod are connected by a rack and pinion structure.
  • the advantage of this design is that the steering gear connecting rod has a rack structure, and the explosion-proof steering gear and the steering gear connecting rod form a rack and pinion structure, so as to realize the steering of the walking device.
  • the sensor integration module includes a coal dust detector, a methane sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, an oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor and an attitude sensor.
  • the sensor integration module is a collection module, which can acquire a variety of data information and transmit the data information to the main controller, which is used as the basis for the adjustment of the corresponding working state of the inspection robot.
  • a plurality of proximity sensors are arranged around the rack, and the proximity sensors are connected to the data information processor.
  • a working method of a patrol robot for mining face includes the following steps:
  • the inspection robot detects the concentration of coal dust, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the mining face through the sensor integrated module.
  • the temperature sensor detects the ambient temperature of the face, and the surrounding sensor detects its surroundings through the attitude sensor and the proximity sensor. Obstacles and their postures, the explosion-proof infrared camera and the explosion-proof omnidirectional vehicle-mounted gimbal cooperate with each other to monitor the ground road conditions, water inrush, roof deformation and equipment operation in real time, and transfer the collected data to the data information processor In the process of data conversion, it is transferred to the main controller;
  • the main controller communicates with the control center in real time through the intrinsically safe wireless communicator, transmits the data information of the mining face to the control center, receives the control commands from the control center, and then the main controller unifies the servo motor controller, the clutch system
  • the motion controller, electric cylinder controller and steering gear controller issue program instructions to make the explosion-proof servo motor, explosion-proof steering gear, explosion-proof clutch, explosion-proof brake, and explosion-proof electric cylinder coordinate with each other;
  • the inspection robot has two walking modes, wheeled and crawler, which are determined according to the ground road conditions:
  • the explosion-proof electric cylinder retracts the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar, the hub plate shrinks inward to form a round wheel hub, the explosion-proof brake is separated, the explosion-proof clutch is engaged to lock the planetary row, and the entire planetary row and the rubber track rotate synchronously with the drive shaft , So as to realize the transition from tracked to wheeled form;
  • the explosion-proof brake When the crawler-type configuration is required, the explosion-proof brake is engaged, the explosion-proof clutch is disengaged, the drive shaft drives the sun gear, the sun gear drives the planetary gear, and then the drive wheel drives the rubber crawler, the explosion-proof electric cylinder raises the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar, and the hub plate is outward
  • the diffusion forms a triangular wheel hub, thereby realizing the transition from wheeled to tracked.
  • the patrol inspection robot of the mining face of the present invention is equipped with an explosion-proof infrared camera and an explosion-proof omnidirectional vehicle head, which can monitor the deformation of the roof of the working face, water inrush and equipment operation in real time, and a temperature sensor and various gas sensors are provided. Real-time monitoring of the temperature and harmful gas concentration of the working face, and transmitting the data information to the mine control center through the intrinsically safe wireless communicator, not only can the patrol personnel be separated from the dangerous environment to ensure the safety of the patrol personnel, but also can be found in time Abnormal conditions in the mining face shall be discovered and dealt with in time.
  • the walking device is provided with a planetary gear reduction mechanism, a movable combined hub mechanism and a rubber crawler transmission mechanism, which can control the wheel and crawler through the cooperation of the explosion-proof brake, explosion-proof clutch and explosion-proof electric cylinder
  • a planetary gear reduction mechanism which can control the wheel and crawler through the cooperation of the explosion-proof brake, explosion-proof clutch and explosion-proof electric cylinder
  • the mutual conversion between the morphological forms so you can carry out rapid morphological conversion according to the needs of the inspection robot on the mining face.
  • On a flat hard road it can be converted into a wheeled shape, thereby increasing the driving speed and reducing the power consumption; on soft ground
  • it is converted into a crawler type, which increases the grounding area, improves traction, improves passability, and thus improves the working efficiency of the inspection robot for the mining face.
  • the robot for inspection of the mining face of the present invention has a scientific and reasonable structural design and is easy to operate and use. It replaces the manual inspection work on the mining face and can comprehensively collect various information such as temperature, humidity, harmful gases, and roof deformation. And it can be transmitted to the uphole control center in time, so as to realize the real-time control of the inspection robot and make corresponding adjustments for different operating environments. It has the advantages of high work efficiency and wide application range.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the wheeled form of the inspection robot in the mining face
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of the inspection robot system for the mining face
  • Figure 3 is the layout of the internal structure of the body in the inspection robot of the mining face
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wheeled form of the inspection robot in the mining face
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crawler type of the inspection robot in the mining face
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the wheeled form of the walking device in the inspection robot for the mining face;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection mode of a walking device and an independent suspension device in a patrol inspection robot in a mining face;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crawler type of the walking device in the inspection robot of the mining face;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hub of the walking device wheeled configuration of the inspection robot in the mining face;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hub of the crawler type of the walking device in the inspection robot of the mining face;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the planetary speed reduction mechanism of the walking device in the inspection robot of the mining face;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the movable hub plate and the bearing wheel of the walking device in the inspection robot of the mining face;
  • 3-information collection module 31-explosion-proof infrared camera; 32-explosion-proof omnidirectional vehicle head; 321-explosion-proof camera; 322-steering station; 323-explosion-proof LED infrared lamp; 33-proximity sensor; 34-sensor integrated module;
  • 4-travel device 41-planetary gear reduction mechanism; 411-front planetary carrier; 412-rear planetary carrier; 413-drive shaft; 414-sun gear; 415-planetary shaft; 416-planetary gear; 417-explosion-proof brake; 418 -Explosion-proof clutch; 419-universal coupling; 42-movable combined hub mechanism; 421-hub plate; 422-explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar; 423-explosion-proof electric cylinder; 424-support rod; 425-reinforced plate; 426- Load bearing shaft; 43-rubber track transmission mechanism; 431-rubber track; 432-driving wheel; 433-load wheel.
  • this embodiment provides an inspection robot for an excavation face.
  • the inspection robot mainly includes a body 1, an explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle head 32, a sensor integration module 34, an explosion-proof infrared camera 31, An-type wireless communicator 17;
  • the body 1 includes a frame 11, an explosion-proof servo motor 12, a transmission device 13, an independent suspension device 14, a walking device 4, an explosion-proof steering gear 15, an explosion-proof intrinsically safe power supply 16, and an explosion-proof box 2, in which the explosion-proof servo motor 12, explosion-proof The intrinsically safe power supply 16, explosion-proof steering gear 15, and explosion-proof box 2 are all installed at the bottom of the rack 11.
  • the explosion-proof servo motor 12 is connected to the transmission device 13
  • the transmission device 13 is connected to the driving walking device
  • the four-wheel drive is realized through the universal joint
  • the steering gear link 145 is connected to control the rotation of the inspection robot.
  • the explosion-proof intrinsically safe power supply 16 is installed on the left side of the rack 11 to provide energy and power for the inspection robot.
  • the intrinsically safe wireless communicator 17 is installed on the rack 11 On the surface, to ensure real-time communication with the control center.
  • the independent suspension device 14 includes an upper swing arm 141, a lower swing arm 142, a steering bracket 143, a shock absorber 144, and a steering link 145; one end of the upper swing arm 141 is hinged to the steering bracket 143 and the shock absorber 144, and the other end is
  • the frame 11 is hinged, and the other end of the shock absorber 144 is hinged with the frame 11; the two ends of the lower swing arm 142 are hinged with the steering bracket 143 and the frame 11, respectively, one end of the steering link 145 is hinged with the steering bracket 143, and the other end is provided with
  • the rack is meshed with the gear connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof steering gear 15.
  • the subsequent explosion-proof steering gear 15 drives the steering linkage 145 through the rack and pinion structure to realize the steering of the walking device.
  • the steering bracket 143 passes through the flange and the explosion-proof brake 417 Fixed connection.
  • the flameproof box 2 is placed on the right side of the frame.
  • the flameproof box 2 includes a main controller 21, a servo motor controller 22, a clutch brake controller 23, an electric cylinder controller 24, a steering gear controller 25, and a data information processor 26 and the flameproof box 27, the above electrical equipment is installed in the flameproof box 27, and the cable is led out through the flameproof interface into the flameproof box 2.
  • the information collection module 3 includes an explosion-proof infrared camera 31, an explosion-proof omnidirectional vehicle head 32, a proximity sensor 33, and a sensor integration module 34.
  • An explosion-proof infrared camera 31 is installed one at each of the front and back of the rack 11
  • an explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle head 32 is installed above the rack 11
  • eight proximity sensors 33 are symmetrically arranged at the front and rear of the rack 11
  • a sensor integrated module 34 is installed at the rack 11 above.
  • the explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle-mounted pan/tilt 32 includes an explosion-proof camera 321, a steering table 322, and an explosion-proof LED infrared lamp 323. Two sets of explosion-proof camera 321 and an explosion-proof LED infrared lamp 323 are respectively installed on the top of the steering table 322.
  • the 322 can achieve 360-degree rotation, which can be achieved with conventional equipment, and can avoid the monitoring of the dead end of the top of the inspection robot.
  • the sensor integration module 34 includes a coal dust detector, a methane sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, an oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor, and an attitude sensor.
  • the coal dust detector, methane sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, oxygen sensor, temperature sensor and attitude sensor are all intrinsically safe equipment. Because the module integrates a gas sensor and a temperature sensor, the outer shell of the module is evenly and densely distributed. Small holes.
  • the traveling device 4 includes a planetary gear reduction mechanism 41, a movable combined hub mechanism 42 and a rubber crawler transmission mechanism 43; the planetary gear reduction mechanism 41 is connected to the movable combined hub mechanism 42 through an explosion-proof electric cylinder 423 and a support rod 424, and through an explosion-proof electric cylinder
  • the telescopic work of 423 causes the movable combined hub mechanism 42 to change its external shape; the rubber track transmission mechanism 43 is connected to the movable combined hub mechanism 42.
  • the wheel type of the rubber track transmission mechanism 43 is realized Conversion between form and tracked form.
  • the planetary gear reduction mechanism 41 includes a front planetary carrier 411, a rear planetary carrier 412, a drive shaft 413, a sun gear 414, a planetary shaft 415, a planetary gear 416, an explosion-proof clutch 418, and a universal coupling 419; the sun gear 414 is fixedly mounted on the drive On the shaft 413, the driving shaft 413 is connected to the transmission device 13 through a universal coupling 419, the driving shaft 413 passes through the rear planetary carrier 412, the planetary gear 416 is mounted on the planetary shaft 415 through a bearing connection, three planetary gears 416 and the sun gear 414 meshes and combines with the front planet carrier 411 and the rear planet carrier 412 to form a planetary row.
  • the planet shaft 415 is installed and connected between the front planet carrier 411 and the rear planet carrier 412.
  • the explosion-proof clutch 418 is installed between the drive shaft 413 and the rear planet carrier Between 412.
  • the explosion-proof clutch 418 here is used to connect or disconnect the rear planetary carrier 412 and the drive shaft 413, thereby determining whether the planetary carrier rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 413 and the sun gear 414.
  • the transmission 13 is a conventional design, which mainly includes a front spindle, a rear spindle, a spindle universal coupling, and a differential; an explosion-proof servo motor integrates a reducer, the front spindle is connected to the explosion-proof servo motor, and the rear spindle passes through the spindle universal coupling
  • the device is connected to an explosion-proof servo motor.
  • the other ends of the front and rear spindles are connected to a differential.
  • the two output shafts of the differential are respectively connected to the universal couplings 419 on the left and right sides to drive the walking device to realize four-wheel drive. .
  • the planetary gear reduction mechanism 41 also includes an explosion-proof brake 417, which is installed between the rear planetary carrier 412 and the steering bracket 143.
  • the explosion-proof brake 417 here is mainly used to keep the planetary carrier and the independent suspension device 14 stationary to achieve planetary transmission.
  • the explosion-proof brake 417 and the explosion-proof clutch 418 use mine explosion-proof equipment.
  • a total of three explosion-proof electric cylinders 423 are installed on the front planetary carrier 411.
  • the three explosion-proof electric cylinders 423 are distributed at equal intervals.
  • the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 422 (piston rod) has a T-shaped structure and the front end has a T-shaped structure. Piece.
  • the movable combined hub mechanism 42 includes a hub plate 421, a support rod 424, a reinforcement plate 425, and a load bearing shaft 426; an explosion-proof electric cylinder 423 is fixedly mounted on the front planetary carrier 411, and the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 422 is symmetrically hinged to the hub plate 421 on both sides ( One end of the hub plate is hinged to the T-shaped block), each hub plate 421 is correspondingly connected to the reinforcing plate 425 through the load bearing shaft 426, one end of the support rod 424 is hinged to the hub plate 421, and the other end is hinged to the front planetary carrier 411 or the rear planetary carrier 412, At this time, the hub plate 421, the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 422, the explosion-proof electric cylinder 423, and the support rod 424 constitute a four-bar linkage mechanism including a moving pair.
  • twelve hub plates 421 form a hub mechanism, and six are installed on the left and right ends. Each four hub plates 421 are symmetrically hinged to both sides of the same explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 422.
  • the twelve hub plates can be used to form a round hub, and at least three explosion-proof electric cylinders can be used to convert the twelve hub plates between the round hub and the track shape. There are few parts and low cost.
  • the rubber crawler transmission mechanism 43 includes a rubber crawler 431, a driving wheel 432, and a load-bearing wheel 433;
  • the driving wheel 432 is mounted on the planetary shaft 415 and fixedly connected to the planetary gear 416, and each of the left and right ends of the planetary gear 416 has a driving wheel 432, a driving wheel 432 rotates synchronously with the planetary gear 416, the load-bearing wheel 433 is mounted on the load-bearing shaft 426 between the hub plate 421 and the reinforcement plate 425, and four load-bearing wheels 433 are arranged between the hub plate 421 and the reinforcement plate 425, and the rubber track 431 is wrapped
  • the driving wheel 432 and the load-bearing wheel 433 are engaged with the inside of the rubber track 431.
  • the electrical equipment used complies with the national standards of the "Electrical Equipment for Explosive Gas Environment” (GB3836-2010) series to meet the requirements for explosion-proof and flameproof use.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment adopts explosion-proof electrical equipment for mining, and at the same time does explosion-proof and explosion-proof treatment for general electrical equipment, and adopts a new walking device, so that the inspection robot can be in wheeled form and crawler according to the complex terrain of the mining face Mutual conversion between forms to improve the terrain adaptability of the inspection robot; the use of temperature sensors, coal dust detectors, multiple gas sensors and infrared cameras can prevent harmful gases, dust, temperature, roof deformation, coal wall and The inrush water situation is monitored in real time and transmitted to the control center through the intrinsically safe wireless communicator.
  • the mining face inspection robot works on the mining face, and uses the coal dust detector, methane sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, carbon dioxide sensor and oxygen sensor in the sensor integration module 34 to detect coal dust, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the mining face
  • the detection of the concentration of the temperature, the temperature sensor detects the ambient temperature of the working surface, and the obstacles and postures around them are detected by the attitude sensor and the proximity sensor 33.
  • the explosion-proof infrared camera 31 and the explosion-proof omni-directional vehicle head 32 cooperate with each other. Real-time monitoring of water inrush, roof deformation and equipment operation.
  • the collected data information is transferred to the data information processor 26, and after data conversion processing is performed, it is transmitted to the main controller 21.
  • Explosion-proof servo motor 12, explosion-proof servo 15, explosion-proof clutch 418, explosion-proof brake 417, explosion-proof electric cylinder 433 are controlled by servo motor controller 22, clutch brake controller 23, electric cylinder controller 24 and servo controller 25, respectively
  • the above controller is controlled by the main controller 21, and the explosion-proof clutch 418 and the explosion-proof brake 417 are controlled by the clutch brake controller 23, so that the various parts can work in coordination with each other.
  • the main controller 21 communicates with the control center in real time through the intrinsically safe wireless communicator 17, transmits the data information of the mining face to the control center, and receives control commands from the control center.
  • Excavation working surface inspection robot has two operation modes, monitoring the working surface according to the preset inspection path, or real-time control of the robot movement by the control center.
  • the inspection robot for mining face has two walking modes: wheeled and crawler, the choice of shape is determined by the ground conditions:
  • the explosion-proof electric cylinder 423 retracts the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 433, the hub plate 421 contracts inward to form a round hub, the explosion-proof brake 417 separates, the explosion-proof clutch 418 engages to lock the planetary row, the entire planetary row and the rubber track Lock and follow the drive shaft 413 to rotate synchronously, so as to realize the transition from track type to wheel type;
  • the explosion-proof brake 417 When a crawler-type configuration is required, the explosion-proof brake 417 is engaged, the explosion-proof clutch 418 is disengaged, the drive shaft 413 drives the sun gear 414, the sun gear 414 drives the planetary gear 416, and then drives the drive wheel 432 to drive the rubber track 431, and the explosion-proof electric cylinder 433 is raised
  • the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar 432 and the hub plate 431 spread outward to form a triangular wheel hub, thereby realizing the transition from wheeled to tracked.
  • the shape of the hub is changed by controlling the expansion and contraction of the explosion-proof electric cylinder pillar, and in this process, the circumference of the outer ring of the wheel hub is basically kept unchanged, so that the rubber track and the driving wheel are properly engaged.

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Abstract

一种采掘工作面巡检机器人及其应用,该巡检机器人包括机体(1)、防爆全向车载云台(32)、传感器集成模块(34)、防爆红外摄像头(323)、本安型无线通讯器(17);四个独立悬挂装置(14)对称设置在机架(11)的前后左右,并分别连接行走装置(4);防爆伺服电机(12)连接传动装置(13),传动装置连接行走装置;防爆舵机(15)与独立悬挂装置连接,控制行走装置的转向。该采掘工作面巡检机器人,能够实时监控工作面顶板变形、突涌水和设备运行情况,能够实时监测工作面的温度和有害气体浓度,其搭载的行走装置能够实现轮式和履带式的转换,可进行全地形作业,不仅能够使巡检人员从危险环境中脱离保证巡检人员的安全,而且能够及时发现采掘工作面的异常情况,做到及时发现及时处理。

Description

一种采掘工作面巡检机器人及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种采掘工作面巡检机器人及其应用,属于特种机器人技术领域。
背景技术
煤炭是我国的主体能源,也是最经济和可以清洁高效利用的能源。我国煤炭以井工开采为主,经过多年发展,矿井生产的机械化、信息化和自动化程度得到很大提高,井下安全形势得到好转,各类事故率和人员死亡率均大幅下降。但是井工开采的井下环境复杂,还是有各类事故发生。
煤矿五大自然灾害为水、瓦斯、煤尘、火和顶板。顶板灾害是煤矿最常见、最容易发生的事故。在煤矿五大灾害中,无论是发生次数,还是死亡人数,顶板事故都居煤矿各类事故之首。随着工作面的开采,煤层上面的顶板岩层失去了支撑,原来的压力平衡遭到破坏,煤层顶板在上覆岩层压力的作用下,发生变形、破坏。如果我们支护不及时或支护强度不够,很容易使工作面的顶板岩层发生断裂和冒落,造成人员伤亡和财产及设备的损失。煤层中常伴随瓦斯(甲烷等),若与一定浓度的煤尘混合形成易燃易爆气体,容易引发爆炸事故。同时煤层中的瓦斯有时伴随一氧化碳等有害气体,对井下工作人员生命安全造成极大威胁。矿井突水是掘进或采矿过程中当巷道揭穿导水断裂、富水溶洞,大量地下水突然涌入矿山井巷的现象。矿井突水是煤矿生产过程最具威胁的灾害之一,人员伤亡大,经济损失列于煤矿三大事故的榜首。因此,对井下的瓦斯、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧气、煤尘浓度、顶板变形和采掘设备运行情况的监测关乎生产安全和工作人员安全。
现有的腿式机器人运动效率低,控制复杂,无法满足井下的复杂的环境要求。轮式机器人具有结构简单、高速度、控制简单、运动稳定和低能耗等优点,但是它不适合于跨越像沟壑、通过泥泞路面等,越障能力、通过性差。履带式机器人相比轮式机器人有着较强的地形适应能力,在陡峭地形、复杂环境下有着较高的越障能力和良好的环境适应性,但由于存在较大的摩擦阻力,其能耗很高且运动速度较低。因此,针对井下复杂的环境,单一的行走方式已不能够满足需要。
煤矿井下岩巷环境十分恶劣,瓦斯、煤尘、碎岩、沟壑、积水、泥泞等复杂情况相 互交织,地面上的机器人的防爆性、防水性、绝缘性、通过性均不能够满足井下采掘工作面的使用要求。
为推进煤矿安全发展,进一步实现采掘工作面的智能化和无人化,亟需一种具备自主移动、感知、预警和图像采集功能的采掘工作面巡检机器人。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种采掘工作面巡检机器人,其满足煤矿井下采掘工作面的防爆、防水、绝缘的要求,可以实现对采掘工作面有害气体、温度、粉尘、设备运行状态、顶板变形情况、突涌水情况和煤壁情况进行检测,并将数据信息通过无线通信网络上传到井上控制中心,进行实时监控与分析。且能够在各种路况条件下实现轮式和履带式的自由转换,满足不同路况的需求,提高地形适应性。
本发明还提供上述一种采掘工作面巡检机器人的工作方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种采掘工作面巡检机器人,包括机体、防爆全向车载云台、传感器集成模块、防爆红外摄像头、本安型无线通讯器;
机体包括机架、防爆伺服电机、传动装置、独立悬挂装置、行走装置、防爆舵机、隔爆本安电源和隔爆箱;防爆伺服电机、隔爆本安电源、防爆舵机、隔爆箱均设置在机架底部;四个独立悬挂装置对称设置在机架的前后左右,并分别连接行走装置;防爆伺服电机通过传动装置驱动行走装置;防爆舵机与独立悬挂装置连接,控制行走装置的转向;
机架的前后两端各设置有一个防爆红外摄像头,防爆全向车载云台通过转向台安装在机架上,防爆全向车载云台包括防爆摄像机和防爆LED红外灯,本安型无线通讯器设置在机架上;
隔爆箱内设置有主控制器、伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器及数据信息处理器;传感器集成模块、防爆红外摄像头、防爆摄像机、防爆LED红外灯分别与数据信息处理器连接;数据信息处理器、伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器、本安型无线通讯器、防爆本安电源、防爆摄像机、防爆LED红外灯分别与主控制器连接。
优选的,所述行走装置包括行星齿轮减速机构、活动组合式轮毂机构和橡胶履带传动机构;行星齿轮减速机构通过防爆电缸、支撑杆与活动组合式轮毂机构连接,通过防 爆电缸工作使活动组合式轮毂机构改变外部形状;橡胶履带传动机构与活动组合式轮毂机构连接,当活动组合式轮毂机构外部形状改变时,实现橡胶履带传动机构的轮式形态与履带式形态之间的转换。
优选的,所述行星齿轮减速机构包括前行星架、后行星架、驱动轴、太阳轮、行星轴、行星轮、防爆制动器和防爆离合器;太阳轮固定安装在驱动轴上,且驱动轴穿过后行星架通过万向联轴器连接传动装置;行星轮通过轴承连接安装在行星轴上,三个行星轮与太阳轮相啮合,行星轴连接于前行星架和后行星架之间,防爆制动器和防爆离合器安装于驱动轴上并位于后行星架一侧。
优选的,所述活动组合式轮毂机构包括毂板、加强板和承重轴;防爆电缸固定安装在前行星架上,防爆电缸支柱的两侧对称铰接毂板,每侧毂板通过承重轴对应连接加强板,支撑杆一端与毂板铰接、另一端与前行星架或后行星架铰接。
优选的,所述活动组合式轮毂机构包括十二块毂板,每四块毂板对称铰接于同一防爆电缸支柱的两侧。此设计的好处是,采用十二块毂板就可组成圆形轮毂,同时采用最少三个防爆电缸就可实现十二块毂板在圆形轮毂和履带形态之间的转换。
优选的,所述橡胶履带传动机构包括橡胶履带、驱动轮、承重轮;行星轮左右两侧各有一个驱动轮且驱动轮安装于行星轴上,承重轮安装在毂板与加强板之间的承重轴上,橡胶履带包裹着驱动轮和承重轮,且橡胶履带内侧与驱动轮啮合。
优选的,所述毂板与加强板之间布置有四个承重轮。
优选的,所述独立悬挂装置包括上摆臂、下摆臂、转向支架、减震器和方向机连杆;上摆臂的一端与转向支架和减震器分别铰接、另一端与机架铰接,减震器的另一端与机架铰接,下摆臂两端分别与转向支架和机架铰接,方向机连杆一端与转向支架铰接、另一端与防爆舵机连接。
优选的,所述防爆伺服电机、防爆舵机、防爆离合器、防爆制动器、防爆电缸分别由伺服电机控制器、舵机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器进行连接控制。此设计的好处是,上述控制器统一由主控制器控制,以使各部分能够相互协调工作。
优选的,所述传动装置包括前主轴、后主轴、主轴万向联轴器、差速器;防爆伺服电机集成有减速器,前主轴与防爆伺服电机连接,后主轴通过主轴万向联轴器与防爆伺服电机连接,前主轴和后主轴的另一端各自连接差速器,差速器的两个输出轴分别与左右两侧的万向联轴器连接。
优选的,所述防爆舵机与方向机连杆之间通过齿轮齿条结构连接。此设计的好处是,方向机连杆上有齿条结构,防爆舵机与方向机连杆形成齿轮齿条结构,以此实现行走装置的转向。
优选的,所述传感器集成模块包含煤尘检测仪、甲烷传感器、一氧化碳传感器、二氧化碳传感器、氧气传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器。此设计的好处是,传感器集成模块为一集合模块,能够获取多种数据信息,并将数据信息传输给主控制器,以此作为巡检机器人相应工作状态调整的依据。
优选的,所述机架的四周设置有多个接近传感器,接近传感器与数据信息处理器连接。
一种采掘工作面巡检机器人的工作方法,包括以下步骤:
在采掘工作面,巡检机器人通过传感器集成模块对采掘工作面的煤尘、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氧气的浓度进行检测,同时温度传感器检测工作面环境温度,通过姿态传感器和接近传感器检测自身周围障碍和自身位姿,防爆红外摄像头与防爆全向车载云台相互配合,对地面路况、突涌水情况、顶板变形情况及设备运行情况进行实时监控,将采集到的数据信息传入数据信息处理器中,进行数据的转换处理后,传输到主控制器中;
主控制器通过本安型无线通讯器与控制中心进行实时通讯,将采掘工作面的数据信息传输给控制中心,接收控制中心的控制命令,然后由主控制器统一向伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器下发程序指令,使防爆伺服电机、防爆舵机、防爆离合器、防爆制动器、防爆电缸相互协调作业;
巡检机器人具有两种行走模式,轮式与履带式,根据地面路况决定:
当需要轮式形态行驶时,防爆电缸收起防爆电缸支柱,毂板向内收缩组成圆形轮毂,防爆制动器分离,防爆离合器接合闭锁行星排,整个行星排与橡胶履带跟随驱动轴同步转动,从而实现由履带式向轮式形态的转换;
当需要履带式形态行驶时,防爆制动器接合,防爆离合器分离,驱动轴驱动太阳轮,太阳轮带动行星轮,进而带动驱动轮驱动橡胶履带,防爆电缸升起防爆电缸支柱,毂板向外扩散组成三角形轮毂,从而实现由轮式向履带式形态的转换。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明采掘工作面巡检机器人,设置了防爆红外摄像头和防爆全向车载云台,能够实时监控工作面顶板变形、突涌水和设备运行情况,设置了温度传感器和多种气体传感器,能够实时监测工作面的温度和有害气体浓度,并将数据信息通过本安型无线通讯器传输到井上控制中心,不仅能够使巡检人员从危险环境中脱离保证巡检人员的安全,而且能够及时发现采掘工作面的异常情况,做到及时发现及时处理。
2)本发明采掘工作面巡检机器人,行走装置设置了行星齿轮减速机构、活动组合式轮毂机构和橡胶履带传动机构,能够通过防爆制动器、防爆离合器和防爆电缸的相互配合控制轮式与履带式形态之间的相互转换,因此可以根据采掘工作面巡检机器人行驶的需要进行快速的形态转换,在平坦硬路面上,转换成轮式形态,从而提高行驶速度,降低功率消耗;在松软地面上,转换成履带式形态,从而增大接地面积,提高牵引力,提高通过性,进而提高采掘工作面巡检机器人的工作效率。
3)本发明采掘工作面巡检机器人,结构设计科学合理,操作使用方便,替代了人工在采掘工作面的巡检作业,能够全面地收集温度、湿度、有害气体、顶板形变等多种信息,并能够及时传输到井上控制中心,从而实现巡检机器人的实时操控,针对不同的作业环境做出相应的调整,其具有工作效率高,适用范围广的优点。
附图说明
图1为采掘工作面巡检机器人轮式形态的结构示意图;
图2为采掘工作面巡检机器人系统框图;
图3为采掘工作面巡检机器人中机体内部结构布置图;
图4为采掘工作面巡检机器人轮式形态的结构简图;
图5为采掘工作面巡检机器人履带式形态的结构简图;
图6为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置轮式形态的结构示意图;
图7为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置与独立悬挂装置连接方式结构示意图;
图8为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置履带式形态的结构示意图;
图9为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置轮式形态下轮毂的结构示意图;
图10为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置履带式形态下轮毂的结构示意图;
图11为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置行星减速机构的结构示意图;
图12为采掘工作面巡检机器人中行走装置活动式毂板与承重轮安装示意图;
图中:1-机体;11-机架;12-防爆伺服电机;13-传动装置;14-独立悬挂装置;141- 上摆臂;142-下摆臂;143-转向支架;144-减震器;145-方向机连杆;15-防爆舵机;16-隔爆本安电源;17-本安型无线通讯器;
2-隔爆箱;21-主控制器;22-伺服电机控制器;23-离合制动控制器;24-电缸控制器;25-舵机控制器;26-数据信息处理器;27-隔爆箱体;
3-信息采集模块;31-防爆红外摄像头;32-防爆全向车载云台;321-防爆摄像机;322-转向台;323-防爆LED红外灯;33-接近传感器;34-传感器集成模块;
4-行走装置;41-行星齿轮减速机构;411-前行星架;412-后行星架;413-驱动轴;414-太阳轮;415-行星轴;416-行星轮;417-防爆制动器;418-防爆离合器;419-万向联轴器;42-活动组合式轮毂机构;421-毂板;422-防爆电缸支柱;423-防爆电缸;424-支撑杆;425-加强板;426-承重轴;43-橡胶履带传动机构;431-橡胶履带;432-驱动轮;433-承重轮。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步说明,但不限于此。
实施例1:
如图1至图12所示,本实施例提供一种采掘工作面巡检机器人,该巡检机器人主要包括机体1、防爆全向车载云台32、传感器集成模块34、防爆红外摄像头31、本安型无线通讯器17;
机体1包括机架11、防爆伺服电机12、传动装置13、独立悬挂装置14、行走装置4、防爆舵机15、隔爆本安电源16和隔爆箱2,其中防爆伺服电机12、隔爆本安电源16、防爆舵机15、隔爆箱2均安装在机架11底部。四个独立悬挂装置14对称设置在机架11的前后左右,防爆伺服电机12连接传动装置13,传动装置13连接驱动行走装置,通过万向节实现四驱,防爆舵机15与独立悬挂装置14的方向机连杆145连接,控制巡检机器人的转向,隔爆本安电源16安装于机架11左侧,为巡检机器人提供能源与动力,本安型无线通讯器17安装在机架11上表面,以保障同控制中心的实时通讯。
独立悬挂装置14包括上摆臂141、下摆臂142、转向支架143、减震器144和方向机连杆145;上摆臂141的一端与转向支架143和减震器144分别铰接、另一端与机架11铰接,减震器144的另一端与机架11铰接;下摆臂142两端分别与转向支架143和机架11铰接,方向机连杆145一端与转向支架143铰接、另一端设置有齿条且齿条与防爆舵机15输出轴连接的齿轮啮合,后续防爆舵机15通过齿轮齿条结构带动方向机连杆145 实现行走装置的转向,转向支架143通过法兰盘与防爆制动器417固定连接。
隔爆箱2置于机架右侧,隔爆箱2包括主控制器21、伺服电机控制器22、离合制动控制器23、电缸控制器24、舵机控制器25、数据信息处理器26和隔爆箱体27,上述电气设备均安装于隔爆箱体27内,线缆通过隔爆接口引出引入隔爆箱2。
信息采集模块3包括防爆红外摄像头31、防爆全向车载云台32、接近传感器33和传感器集成模块34。防爆红外摄像头31在机架11前后各安装一个,防爆全向车载云台32安装于机架11上方,接近传感器33在机架11的前后左右对称设置八个,传感器集成模块34安装于机架11上方。
防爆全向车载云台32包括防爆摄像机321、转向台322和防爆LED红外灯323,两组防爆摄像机321和防爆LED红外灯323分别安装于转向台322的顶端,两组成夹角设计,转向台322能够实现360度的旋转,采用常规设备即可实现,能够避免巡检机器人顶部监控死角。
传感器集成模块34包括煤尘检测仪、甲烷传感器、一氧化碳传感器、二氧化碳传感器、氧气传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器。煤尘检测仪、甲烷传感器、一氧化碳传感器、二氧化碳传感器、氧气传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器均选用本安型设备,由于该模块集成有气体传感器和温度传感器,故该模块的外壳留出均匀密布的小孔。
机架11的前后左右对称设置有四个行走装置4,每一行走装置4通过独立悬挂装置14与机架11连接。行走装置4包括行星齿轮减速机构41、活动组合式轮毂机构42和橡胶履带传动机构43;行星齿轮减速机构41通过防爆电缸423、支撑杆424与活动组合式轮毂机构42连接,通过防爆电缸423的伸缩工作使活动组合式轮毂机构42改变外部形状;橡胶履带传动机构43与活动组合式轮毂机构42连接,当活动组合式轮毂机构42外部形状改变时,实现橡胶履带传动机构43的轮式形态与履带式形态之间的转换。
行星齿轮减速机构41包括前行星架411、后行星架412、驱动轴413、太阳轮414、行星轴415、行星轮416、防爆离合器418和万向联轴器419;太阳轮414固定安装在驱动轴413上,驱动轴413通过万向联轴器419与传动装置13连接,驱动轴413穿过后行星架412,行星轮416通过轴承连接安装在行星轴415上,三个行星轮416与太阳轮414相啮合,并与前行星架411和后行星架412结合组成行星排,行星轴415安装连接于前行星架411和后行星架412之间,防爆离合器418安装于驱动轴413与后行星架412之间。这里的防爆离合器418用来连接或断开后行星架412与驱动轴413,从而决定行星架 是否跟随驱动轴413和太阳轮414同步转动。
传动装置13为常规设计,主要包括前主轴、后主轴、主轴万向联轴器、差速器;防爆伺服电机集成有减速器,前主轴与防爆伺服电机连接,后主轴通过主轴万向联轴器与防爆伺服电机连接,前主轴和后主轴的另一端各自连接差速器,差速器的两个输出轴分别与左右两侧的万向联轴器419连接,进而驱动行走装置实现四驱。
行星齿轮减速机构41还包括防爆制动器417,防爆制动器417安装于后行星架412与转向支架143之间,这里的防爆制动器417主要是用于使行星架与独立悬挂装置14保持静止,以实现行星传动。本实施例中防爆制动器417、防爆离合器418选用矿用防爆设备。
本实施例中共有三个防爆电缸423安装在前行星架411上,三个防爆电缸423之间等间隔分布,防爆电缸支柱422(活塞杆)为一T型结构,前端为一T型块。
活动组合式轮毂机构42包括毂板421、支撑杆424、加强板425和承重轴426;防爆电缸423固定安装在前行星架411上,防爆电缸支柱422的两侧对称铰接毂板421(毂板一端铰接在T型块上),每侧毂板421通过承重轴426对应连接加强板425,支撑杆424一端与毂板421铰接、另一端与前行星架411或后行星架412铰接,此时毂板421、防爆电缸支柱422、防爆电缸423和支撑杆424组成含有一个移动副的四连杆机构。本实施例中由十二块毂板421组成轮毂机构,左右两端均安装六块,每四块毂板421对称铰接于同一防爆电缸支柱422的两侧。采用十二块毂板就可组成圆形轮毂,同时采用最少三个防爆电缸就可实现十二块毂板在圆形轮毂和履带形态之间的转换,部件少,成本低。
橡胶履带传动机构43包括橡胶履带431、驱动轮432、承重轮433;驱动轮432安装于行星轴415并固定连接在行星轮416上,行星轮416左右两端各有一个驱动轮432,驱动轮432与行星轮416同步转动,承重轮433安装在毂板421与加强板425之间的承重轴426上,毂板421与加强板425之间布置有四个承重轮433,橡胶履带431包裹着驱动轮432和承重轮433,且橡胶履带431内侧与驱动轮432啮合。
所用电气设备均符合《爆炸性气体环境用电气设备》(GB3836-2010)系列国家标准,以达到防爆隔爆的使用要求。
本实施例技术方案采用矿用防爆型电气设备,同时对一般型电气设备做防爆隔爆处理,并且采用新型行走装置,使巡检机器人可以根据采掘工作面复杂的地形在轮式形态与履带式形态之间相互转换,提高巡检机器人的地形适应能力;采用温度传感器、煤尘 检测仪、多种气体传感器和红外摄像头,可以对采掘工作面有害气体、粉尘、温度、顶板变形、煤壁和突涌水情况进行实时监测,并通过本安型无线通讯器传输至控制中心。
实施例2:
如实施例1所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人的工作方法,具体工作过程如下:
采掘工作面巡检机器人工作于采掘工作面,通过传感器集成模块34中的煤尘检测仪、甲烷传感器、一氧化碳传感器、二氧化碳传感器和氧气传感器对采掘工作面的煤尘、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氧气的浓度进行检测,同时温度传感器检测工作面环境温度,通过姿态传感器和接近传感器33检测自身周围障碍和自身位姿,防爆红外摄像头31与防爆全向车载云台32相互配合,对地面路况、突涌水情况、顶板变形情况及设备运行情况进行实时监控。将采集到的数据信息传入数据信息处理器26中,进行数据的转换处理后,传输到主控制器21中。
防爆伺服电机12、防爆舵机15、防爆离合器418、防爆制动器417、防爆电缸433分别由伺服电机控制器22、离合制动控制器23、电缸控制器24和舵机控制器25进行控制,上述控制器统一由主控制器21控制,其中防爆离合器418和防爆制动器417统一由离合制动控制器23连接控制,以使各部分能够相互协调工作。
主控制器21通过本安型无线通讯器17与控制中心进行实时通讯,将采掘工作面的数据信息传输给控制中心,接收控制中心的控制命令。采掘工作面巡检机器人具有两种运行模式,按照预先设定好的巡视路径对工作面进行监测,或控制中心对机器人的运动进行实时控制。
采掘工作面巡检机器人具有两种行走模式:轮式与履带式,其形态的选择由地面路况决定:
当需要轮式形态行驶时,防爆电缸423收起防爆电缸支柱433,毂板421向内收缩组成圆形轮毂,防爆制动器417分离,防爆离合器418接合闭锁行星排,整个行星排与橡胶履带锁定并跟随驱动轴413同步转动,从而实现由履带式向轮式形态的转换;
当需要履带式形态行驶时,防爆制动器417接合,防爆离合器418分离,驱动轴413驱动太阳轮414,太阳轮414带动行星轮416,进而带动驱动轮432驱动橡胶履带431,防爆电缸433升起防爆电缸支柱432,毂板431向外扩散组成三角形轮毂,从而实现由轮式向履带式形态的转换。
在轮履形态转换过程中,通过控制防爆电缸支柱的伸缩,使轮毂的形状发生变化, 并且在此过程中保证轮毂外圈周长基本保持不变,以使橡胶履带与驱动轮正确啮合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,包括机体、防爆全向车载云台、传感器集成模块、防爆红外摄像头、本安型无线通讯器;
    机体包括机架、防爆伺服电机、传动装置、独立悬挂装置、行走装置、防爆舵机、隔爆本安电源和隔爆箱;防爆伺服电机、隔爆本安电源、防爆舵机、隔爆箱均设置在机架底部;四个独立悬挂装置对称设置在机架的前后左右,并分别连接行走装置;防爆伺服电机通过传动装置驱动行走装置;防爆舵机与独立悬挂装置连接,控制行走装置的转向;
    机架的前后两端各设置有一个防爆红外摄像头,防爆全向车载云台通过转向台安装在机架上,防爆全向车载云台包括防爆摄像机和防爆LED红外灯,本安型无线通讯器设置在机架上;
    隔爆箱内设置有主控制器、伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器及数据信息处理器;传感器集成模块、防爆红外摄像头、防爆摄像机、防爆LED红外灯分别与数据信息处理器连接;数据信息处理器、伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器、本安型无线通讯器、防爆本安电源、防爆摄像机、防爆LED红外灯分别与主控制器连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述行走装置包括行星齿轮减速机构、活动组合式轮毂机构和橡胶履带传动机构;行星齿轮减速机构通过防爆电缸、支撑杆与活动组合式轮毂机构连接,通过防爆电缸工作使活动组合式轮毂机构改变外部形状;橡胶履带传动机构与活动组合式轮毂机构连接,当活动组合式轮毂机构外部形状改变时,实现橡胶履带传动机构的轮式形态与履带式形态之间的转换。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮减速机构包括前行星架、后行星架、驱动轴、太阳轮、行星轴、行星轮、防爆制动器和防爆离合器;太阳轮固定安装在驱动轴上,且驱动轴穿过后行星架通过万向联轴器连接传动装置;行星轮通过轴承连接安装在行星轴上,三个行星轮与太阳轮相啮合,行星轴连接于前行星架和后行星架之间,防爆制动器和防爆离合器安装于驱动轴上并位于后行星架一侧。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述活动组合式轮毂 机构包括毂板、加强板和承重轴;防爆电缸固定安装在前行星架上,防爆电缸支柱的两侧对称铰接毂板,每侧毂板通过承重轴对应连接加强板,支撑杆一端与毂板铰接、另一端与前行星架或后行星架铰接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述活动组合式轮毂机构包括十二块毂板,每四块毂板对称铰接于同一防爆电缸支柱的两侧。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述橡胶履带传动机构包括橡胶履带、驱动轮、承重轮;行星轮左右两侧各有一个驱动轮且驱动轮安装于行星轴上,承重轮安装在毂板与加强板之间的承重轴上,橡胶履带包裹着驱动轮和承重轮,且橡胶履带内侧与驱动轮啮合。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述独立悬挂装置包括上摆臂、下摆臂、转向支架、减震器和方向机连杆;上摆臂的一端与转向支架和减震器分别铰接、另一端与机架铰接,减震器的另一端与机架铰接,下摆臂两端分别与转向支架和机架铰接,方向机连杆一端与转向支架铰接、另一端与防爆舵机连接。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述传动装置包括前主轴、后主轴、主轴万向联轴器、差速器;防爆伺服电机集成有减速器,前主轴与防爆伺服电机连接,后主轴通过主轴万向联轴器与防爆伺服电机连接,前主轴和后主轴的另一端各自连接差速器,差速器的两个输出轴分别与左右两侧的万向联轴器连接。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人,其特征在于,所述防爆舵机与方向机连杆之间通过齿轮齿条结构连接;所述机架的四周设置有多个接近传感器,接近传感器与数据信息处理器连接。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的采掘工作面巡检机器人的工作方法,包括以下步骤:
    在采掘工作面,巡检机器人通过传感器集成模块对采掘工作面的煤尘、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氧气的浓度进行检测,同时温度传感器检测工作面环境温度,通过姿态传感器和接近传感器检测自身周围障碍和自身位姿,防爆红外摄像头与防爆全向车载云台相互配合,对地面路况、突涌水情况、顶板变形情况及设备运行情况进行实时监控,将采集到的数据信息传入数据信息处理器中,进行数据的转换处理后,传输到主控制器中;
    主控制器通过本安型无线通讯器与控制中心进行实时通讯,将采掘工作面的数据信 息传输给控制中心,接收控制中心的控制命令,然后由主控制器统一向伺服电机控制器、离合制动控制器、电缸控制器、舵机控制器下发程序指令,使防爆伺服电机、防爆舵机、防爆离合器、防爆制动器、防爆电缸相互协调作业;
    巡检机器人具有两种行走模式,轮式与履带式,根据地面路况决定:
    当需要轮式形态行驶时,防爆电缸收起防爆电缸支柱,毂板向内收缩组成圆形轮毂,防爆制动器分离,防爆离合器接合闭锁行星排,整个行星排与橡胶履带跟随驱动轴同步转动,从而实现由履带式向轮式形态的转换;
    当需要履带式形态行驶时,防爆制动器接合,防爆离合器分离,驱动轴驱动太阳轮,太阳轮带动行星轮,进而带动驱动轮驱动橡胶履带,防爆电缸升起防爆电缸支柱,毂板向外扩散组成三角形轮毂,从而实现由轮式向履带式形态的转换。
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