WO2020134041A1 - 一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134041A1
WO2020134041A1 PCT/CN2019/096496 CN2019096496W WO2020134041A1 WO 2020134041 A1 WO2020134041 A1 WO 2020134041A1 CN 2019096496 W CN2019096496 W CN 2019096496W WO 2020134041 A1 WO2020134041 A1 WO 2020134041A1
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Prior art keywords
polylactic acid
temperature
preparing
cooling
extrusion
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PCT/CN2019/096496
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄伟伟
王乐军
宋亚男
郑宗强
刘怡宁
Original Assignee
恒天纤维集团有限公司
恒天生物基材料工程技术（宁波）有限公司
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Application filed by 恒天纤维集团有限公司, 恒天生物基材料工程技术（宁波）有限公司 filed Critical 恒天纤维集团有限公司
Priority to US17/419,308 priority Critical patent/US20220088840A1/en
Priority to JP2021538466A priority patent/JP7288060B2/ja
Publication of WO2020134041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134041A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/08—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using several expanding or moulding steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3415—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/5627—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/5627—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
    • B29C44/5672—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching by stretching the foam, e.g. to open the cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0012—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. foaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
    • B29C48/144—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration at the plasticising zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/295—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in gaseous form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/298—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in a location other than through a barrel, e.g. through a screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/147—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon and halogen atoms only
    • C08J9/148—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon and halogen atoms only perfluorinated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of polylactic acid foaming, and in particular relates to a method for preparing high-rate polylactic acid foaming sheet material.
  • Polylactic acid is a fully biodegradable material derived from renewable resources.
  • the raw material lactic acid is fermented by plants with high sugar content such as cassava, corn, sugar beet, etc. After polycondensation to produce lactide, then ring-opening polymerization to polylactic acid.
  • Polylactic acid can be processed in various ways such as injection molding, plastic blister, bottle blowing, film blowing and spinning. After being discarded, the product can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms, water and oxygen in the soil, and then it is used by plant growth. use. Therefore, polylactic acid has no excess carbon dioxide emissions throughout its life cycle, and is a truly green and low-carbon environmentally friendly material. Polylactic acid itself has no toxic and side effects and no release of harmful substances. It is an ideal food contact safe packaging material.
  • CN105038161A discloses a modified halloysite, polylactic acid foamed material and its preparation and application.
  • the surface of halloysite is hydroxylated and organic silanization modified, and then the modified halloysite adsorbs carbon dioxide and Polylactic acid and cross-linking agent are used to prepare polylactic acid foamed material together, the foaming density is 0.038g/cm 3 , the foaming ratio exceeds 30 times, the pore size is 10-30 ⁇ m, and the melt index, melt strength, tensile strength of the foam material are also disclosed Tensile strength, bending strength, notched impact strength, etc.
  • the purification of halloysite in this patent is relatively complicated, and most of the solvents used are dangerous goods that are harmful to the human body, which violates the environmental protection requirements and is not conducive to the industrialization of polylactic acid foam materials.
  • CN106967280A discloses a method for preparing a high-rate fully biodegradable foam material, which is obtained by mixing polylactic acid, reaction compatibilizer EC, polyadipate/butylene terephthalate, and organically modified montmorillonite to obtain The modified masterbatch is mixed, and supercritical carbon dioxide is injected into the foam to obtain a product with a foam density of 0.0155 to 0.0205 g/cm 3 and a foaming ratio of 60 to 80 times.
  • this patent can obtain ultra-high magnification foam materials, with the increase of magnification, the mechanical properties of the material such as tensile strength, bending strength, notch impact strength have significantly decreased, which has affected the field of disposable lunch boxes. Applications.
  • CN106750486A discloses a method for preparing micro-foamed polylactic acid-based wood-plastic composite material by supercritical fluid, which mixes polylactic acid, wood powder, toughening agent, chain extender, lubricant, nucleating agent, and adopts twin screw extrusion
  • the polylactic acid foamed material is prepared by machine, the cells are uniform, the expansion ratio is 5 to 50 times, the apparent density is 0.03 to 0.3 g/cm 3 , and the pore diameter is 10 to 200 microns.
  • the addition of wood powder in this patent has a large gap in cell size, which will have a certain effect on the gloss of the surface of the polylactic acid sheet.
  • CN108409985A discloses a method for improving the foaming ratio of polylactic acid through pre-isothermal cold crystallization treatment.
  • the prepared polylactic acid foaming material has a foaming ratio of up to 17.7 times, an average cell diameter of 18 microns, and a cell density of 2.2 ⁇ 10 8 /Cm 3 .
  • it is difficult to control the expansion ratio of foaming through the autoclave equipment, and it is impossible to obtain the foaming material with stable ratio required by the customer.
  • the foaming ratio is low; when the foaming ratio is increased, the tensile strength, bending strength, notched impact strength and other mechanical properties of the prepared foamed material are significantly reduced.
  • the foamed material prepared by the prior art has a small apparent density and low mechanical strength, and the material is easy to be perforated and bubble-breakable during production.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-rate polylactic acid foam sheet, which has industrial production and can efficiently produce a fully degradable polylactic acid foam sheet that meets market demands.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for preparing high-rate polylactic acid foamed sheet material includes the following steps:
  • the polylactic acid raw material is a modified foamed grade polylactic acid raw material with a molecular weight of 120,000 to 150,000 and a polylactic acid content of ⁇ 97%.
  • the blowing agent is a fluorine-containing compound in a gaseous state, and is any one of difluorochloromethane, trifluorotrichloroethane, or tetrafluorodichloroethane;
  • the nucleating agent is talc powder, and the auxiliary agent is nitrogen;
  • the nitrogen is high-pressure, high-purity nitrogen.
  • the injection pressure of nitrogen is 10-15 MPa, and its purity ⁇ 99.9%.
  • the injection pressure of the foaming agent is 16-20 MPa.
  • the first-stage screw extruders are charged from the first zone to the eleven zone in order from feeding to the neck, and their temperature range is controlled to be between 180 and 200°C;
  • the temperature in the first zone is 180-185°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 182-188°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 190°C
  • the temperature in the fourth zone is 195°C
  • the temperature in the fifth zone It is 198-200°C
  • the six-zone temperature is 200°C
  • the seven-zone temperature is 200°C
  • the eight-zone temperature is 200°C
  • the nine-zone temperature is 200°C
  • the ten-zone temperature is 200°C
  • the eleven-zone temperature is 200°C.
  • the screw diameter of the first-stage screw extruder is 135 mm, the length-to-diameter ratio is 36:1, and the initial rotation speed of the screw is 5 to 15 r/min.
  • the temperature setting of the two-stage screw extruder has 8 oil temperature machines in order from the oil temperature 1 to the head, their temperature is controlled between 150-170°C, and the melt pressure is controlled to 4-6MPa; the two-stage screw
  • the screw diameter of the extruder is 150mm, the length-to-diameter ratio is 36:1, and the initial rotation speed of the screw is 5-7r/min.
  • the temperature setting of the two-stage screw extruder ranges from oil temperature 1 to the head in order: oil temperature 1 is 165-180°C, oil temperature 2 is 160-168°C, oil temperature 3 is 158-165°C, oil temperature 4 156-163°C, oil temperature 5 152-160°C, oil temperature 6 153-158°C, oil temperature 7 152-155°C, oil temperature 8 152-155°C.
  • the primary extruder speed is set to 20-50r/min, preferably 20-30r/min; the secondary extruder speed is 10-20r/min, and the foamed sheet is extruded through the sheet die.
  • the cooling and forming device is an anti-static cooling setting sleeve, which uses two cooling fans to cool the forming sheet in a ring shape and water cooling the forming sleeve.
  • the traction machine is a roller traction machine, and the traction speed is 8-12m/min.
  • the invention adopts a two-stage series single-screw extruder system, including a first-stage screw extruder and a second-stage screw extruder.
  • the invention adopts a fluorine-containing compound physical foaming agent, combined with the use of auxiliary nitrogen, and combined with the setting of the two-stage screw extrusion process to achieve the following beneficial effects:
  • the polylactic acid sheet prepared by the present invention has a foaming ratio of 13 to 16 times, and has a tensile strength of 80-88 MPa and a bending strength of 120-128 MPa.
  • the polylactic acid foamed material prepared by the present invention has uniform cell diameter and uniform sheet thickness.
  • the thickness of the sheet is 2 to 5 mm, preferably 3.8 to 4.8 mm, the thickness is uniform, the error can be controlled within ⁇ 0.1 mm, the cell diameter is 10 to 40 ⁇ m, and the density of the cells is 1 to 2.7 ⁇ 10 8 cells/cm 3 .
  • polylactic acid foam material prepared according to the present invention, an apparent density of 0.06 ⁇ 0.18g / cm 3, preferably 0.075-0.092g / cm 3, no perforated material, the foam breakage phenomena, stabilizing cell structure the sheet.
  • the 135/150 two-stage series single-screw extrusion system used in the present invention is optimized by special screw CAD design software according to the physical foaming characteristics of the polymer, and is equipped with automatic hydraulic screen change to achieve low temperature with high plasticizing ability Stable extrusion.
  • the equipment system can efficiently and stably produce foam sheets with a width of 1080mm, and can realize the industrial production of polylactic acid foam.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the process for preparing high-rate polylactic acid foamed sheet material of the present invention.
  • the temperature in the first zone is 180°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 182°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 190°C
  • the temperature in the fourth zone is 195°C
  • the temperature in the fifth zone is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the six zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the seven zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eight zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the nine zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the ten zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eleven zones is 200 °C.
  • the primary mixed melt is injected into the two-stage screw extruder to perform secondary temperature control and mixing using a die temperature machine, and the melt pressure is controlled at 4 to 6 MPa.
  • the temperature setting is from oil temperature 1 to the machine head in order: oil temperature 1 is 165 °C, oil temperature 2 is 160 °C, oil temperature 3 is 158 °C, oil temperature 4 is 158 °C, oil temperature 5 is 152 °C, oil temperature 6 It is 153°C, oil temperature 7 is 153°C, and oil temperature 8 is 153°C.
  • the pressure of the melt to be extruded at the first stage of the outlet reaches 15Mpa, the temperature reaches 190°C, the pressure of the second outlet is 4Mpa, and the temperature is at 150°C.
  • the traction speed of the traction machine is set to 8m/min for cooling traction, and then the winding and finalizing of the winding machine finally obtains the PLA foamed sheet.
  • the obtained foamed sheet had a width of 1 m, a thickness of 4.8 mm, an apparent density of 0.075 g/cm 3 , and a foaming ratio of 16 times.
  • the diameter of the cells is 30-40 microns, and the density of the cells is 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells/cm 3 .
  • the temperature in the first zone is 182°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 182°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 190°C
  • the temperature in the fourth zone is 195°C
  • the temperature in the fifth zone is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the six zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the seven zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eight zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the nine zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the ten zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eleven zones is 200 °C.
  • the extrusion speed of the first-stage screw extruder is 10r/min. After the raw materials and the blowing agent are uniformly mixed in the liquid phase, a preliminary mixed melt is obtained.
  • the primary mixed melt is injected into the two-stage screw extruder to perform secondary temperature control and mixing using a die temperature machine, and the melt pressure is controlled at 4 to 6 MPa.
  • the temperature setting is from oil temperature 1 to the machine head in order: oil temperature 1 is 165°C, oil temperature 2 is 165°C, oil temperature 3 is 163°C, oil temperature 4 is 161°C, oil temperature 5 is 158°C, oil temperature 6 It is 155°C, oil temperature 7 is 152°C, and oil temperature 8 is 152°C.
  • Set the speed of the secondary screw extruder to 5r/min. Let the mixed melt be further melted, kneaded, pressurized and cooled.
  • the speed of the first-stage extruder is set to 24r/min and the second-stage extruder Speed 13r/min. Adjust the inner and outer membrane bolts so that the gap between the dies is 1.4 mm, and the melt extrudes the foamed sheet through the sheet mold barrel.
  • Cooling traction is carried out by setting the traction speed of the traction machine to 10m/min, and then shaped and wound by the winder to finally obtain PLA foamed sheet.
  • the obtained foamed sheet had a width of 1 m, a thickness of 4.2 mm, an apparent density of 0.08 g/cm 3 , and a foaming ratio of 15 times.
  • the cell diameter is 25-40 microns, and the cell density is 2x10 8 cells/cm 3 .
  • the temperature in the first zone is 185°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 188°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 190°C
  • the temperature in the fourth zone is 195°C
  • the temperature in the fifth zone is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the six zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the seven zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eight zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the nine zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the ten zones is 200 °C
  • the temperature of the eleven zones is 200 °C.
  • the extrusion speed of the first-stage screw extruder is 10r/min. After the raw materials and the blowing agent are uniformly mixed in the liquid phase, a preliminary mixed melt is obtained.
  • the primary mixed melt is injected into the two-stage screw extruder to perform secondary temperature control and mixing using a die temperature machine, and the melt pressure is controlled at 4 to 6 MPa.
  • the temperature setting is from oil temperature 1 to the machine head in order: oil temperature 1 is 165 °C, oil temperature 2 is 160 °C, oil temperature 3 is 158 °C, oil temperature 4 is 156 °C, oil temperature 5 is 154 °C, oil temperature 6 It is 153°C, oil temperature 7 is 153°C, and oil temperature 8 is 153°C.
  • the traction speed of the traction machine is set to 10m/min for cooling traction, and then the winding and shaping of the winder are used to finally obtain the PLA foamed sheet.
  • the obtained foamed sheet had a width of 1 m, a thickness of 4.0 mm, an apparent density of 0.086 g/cm 3 , and a foaming ratio of 14 times.
  • the diameter of the cells is 10-30 microns, and the density of the cells is 2.4 ⁇ 10 8 cells/cm 3 .
  • the tensile strength is 86Mpa and the bending strength is 122Mpa.
  • the temperature in the first zone is 182°C
  • the temperature in the second zone is 186°C
  • the temperature in the third zone is 190°C
  • the temperature in the fourth zone is 195°C
  • the temperature in the fifth zone is 198°C
  • the temperature in the six zones is 200°C
  • the temperature in the seven zones is 200°C
  • the temperature in the eight zones is 200°C
  • the temperature in the nine zones is 200°C
  • the temperature in the ten zones is 200°C
  • the temperature in the eleven zones is 200°C.
  • the extrusion speed of the first-stage screw extruder is 10r/min. After the raw materials and the blowing agent are uniformly mixed in the liquid phase, a preliminary mixed melt is obtained.
  • the primary mixed melt is injected into the two-stage screw extruder to perform secondary temperature control and mixing using a die temperature machine, and the melt pressure is controlled at 4 to 6 MPa.
  • Temperature setting from oil temperature 1 to the machine head are oil temperature 1 180°C, oil temperature 2 168°C, oil temperature 3 165°C, oil temperature 4 163°C, oil temperature 5 160°C, oil temperature 6 It is 158°C, oil temperature 7 is 155°C, and oil temperature 8 is 155°C.
  • Set the speed of the secondary screw extruder to 5r/min. Let the mixed melt be further melted, kneaded, pressurized and cooled.
  • the traction speed of the traction machine is set to 10.5m/min to perform cooling traction, and then the winding machine is used to shape and wind to finally obtain the PLA foamed sheet.
  • the obtained foamed sheet had a width of 1 m, a thickness of 3.8 mm, an apparent density of about 0.092 g/cm 3 , and a foaming ratio of 13 times.
  • Cell diameter 20 to 30 microns, a density of 2.7x10 8 th pores / cm 3.
  • the technical solution chooses fluoride as the blowing agent, which can be well fused with the polylactic acid melt; using a two-stage series single-screw extrusion system, one-stage extrusion can be carried out on the polylactic acid raw material by electric heating Rapid temperature rise, two-stage extrusion is carried out through 8 oil temperature machines, and the precise temperature control of each section is carried out, so that the polylactic acid melt and the foaming agent can be well integrated.

Abstract

本发明提供一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，包括一级挤出、二级挤出、挤出发泡片材；原料由下述成分按重量份组成：聚乳酸88～94份、成核剂1～2份、发泡剂2～5份、助剂2～5份。本发明有效解决了工业生产中使用二氧化碳发泡倍率低、强度不高等难点，制备的高发泡倍率、表面性能优良的聚乳酸片材可以用于食品包装以及一次性全降解餐盒等领域。

Description

一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法
本发明属于聚乳酸发泡技术领域，具体涉及一种制备高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的方法。
针对近几年呈爆发式增长的快递产业及其产生的包装废弃物带来的污染，2016年，国家邮政局出台《推进绿色快递业包装工作实施方案》，2018年2月，国家质检总局、国家标准委发布《快递封装用品》系列国家标准，根据减量化、绿色化、可循环的要求，对快递包装减量提出新要求，要求快递包装袋宜采用生物降解塑料，减少白色污染。2018年是“限塑令”发布十年，国家发改委网站开设“我为塑料垃圾污染防治建言献策”专栏，邀请社会各界人士在1月5日至1月31日期间，围绕不同领域塑料制品的管理要求，提出意见建议。这是继2008年实施《国务院办公厅关于限制生产销售塑料购物袋的通知》以来，国家层面就防治“白色污染”采取的进一步举措。而以美团、饿了么为主体的点餐平台迫于社会压力，正在着手绿色一次性餐具的推广；2018年2月28日，菜鸟联合阿里巴巴公益基金会，中华环境保护基金会、中通、圆通、申通、天天、百世快递、韵达等主要快递公司共同发布“中国绿色物流研发资助计划”，希望用科技的力量助力行业升级，让中国更加绿色、智慧、高效。
聚乳酸是一种来源于可再生资源的全生物降解材料。原料乳酸由木薯、玉米、甜菜等高糖分含量的植物发酵而成，经缩聚生成丙交酯后，再开环聚合为聚乳酸。聚乳酸可以进行注塑、吸塑、吹瓶、吹膜以及纺丝等多种方式进行加工，制品在丢弃后可在土壤中微生物及水氧的作用下分解成二氧化碳和水，又被植物生长所利用。因此，聚乳酸的整个生命周期没有多余的二氧化碳排放，是一种真正意义上的绿色低碳环保材料。聚乳酸本身无毒副作用，无有害物质释放，是一种理想的食品接触安全的包装材料。
目前制约聚乳酸发展的主要是性能和价格这两大方面，将其做成发泡材料能够大大降低其成本，价格可以与市面上常见的PP餐具相媲美，甚至更低，具有明显的竞争优势。在当今以PP和ps为主的塑料市场拥有一席之地。随着石油能源的日益匮乏以及以石油基为主的传统塑料对环境破坏和生态污染日益增重，国内外生物全降解材料特别是聚乳酸发泡材料的需求呈逐年上升趋势，聚乳酸发泡材料可谓是市场潜力巨大。近年来，随着高分子材料科学的不断进步，聚乳酸的问题正不断地被破解，全降解聚乳酸材料将来很有希望全面代替传统石油基塑料，成为市场的主流塑料产品。
CN105038161A公开了一种改性埃洛石、聚乳酸发泡材料及其制备与应用，对埃洛石表面羟基化改性、表面有机硅烷化改性，然后将改性的埃洛石吸附二氧化碳和聚乳酸、交联剂一起制备聚乳酸发泡材料，发泡密度为0.038g/cm3，发泡倍率超过30倍，孔径10～30μm，同时公开了发泡材料的熔融指数、熔融强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度等。该专利的埃洛石提纯相对而言较为复杂，而且用到的的溶剂大多都是对人体有害的危险品，违背了绿色环保要求，不利于聚乳酸发泡材料的工业化。
CN106967280A公开一种高倍率全生物降解发泡材料的制备方法，将聚乳酸、反应相容剂EC、聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯和有机改性蒙脱土进行密炼，获得混合改性母粒，注入超临界二氧化碳发泡制得泡沫密度为0.0155～0.0205g/cm3，发泡倍率为60～80倍的产物。虽然此专利能够得到超高倍率的发泡材料，但是随着倍率的提升，材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度等机械性能都有明显的下降，这影响了在一次性餐盒领域的应用。
CN106750486A公开了一种超临界流体制备微发泡聚乳酸基木塑复合材料的方法，将聚乳酸、木粉、增韧剂、扩链剂、润滑剂、成核剂混合，采用双螺杆挤出机制备聚乳酸发泡材料，泡孔均匀，发泡倍率为5～50倍，表观密度为0.03～0.3g/cm3，孔直径为10～200微米。该专利中木粉的添加，泡孔尺寸差距较大，对聚乳酸片材表面的光泽度会产生一定影响。
CN108409985A公开一种通过预等温冷结晶处理提高聚乳酸发泡倍率的方法，制备的聚乳酸发泡材料的发泡倍率最高达17.7倍，泡孔平均直径为18微米，泡孔密度2.2×108个/cm3。该专利通过高压釜设备进行发泡的发泡倍率不易控制，不能得到客户要求的倍率稳定的发泡材料。
现有技术通过二氧化碳发泡气制备的聚乳酸发泡材料，存在以下不足：
（1）保证发泡材料机械性能的同时，发泡倍率低；提高发泡倍率，制备的发泡材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度等机械性能都有明显的下降。
（2）发泡尺寸和发泡倍率难以控制、泡孔直径大小不均匀，片材厚度不匀。
（3）现有技术制备的发泡材料，表观密度较小，机械强度低，生产时材料易穿孔、易破泡。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，具备工业化生产，能够高效地生产出符合市场需求的全降解聚乳酸发泡片材，实现以下发明目的：
（1）提高发泡倍率的同时，提高发泡材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度。
（2）发泡尺寸和发泡倍率容易控制、泡孔直径均匀，片材厚度均匀。
（3）提高表观密度，材料无穿孔、破泡现象。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）一级挤出
按质量份数计量聚乳酸88～95份、成核剂1～2份、发泡剂2～5份、助剂2～5份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，设定一级螺杆挤出机各区段温度，待原料和发泡剂以液相均匀混合后，得到初步混合熔体。
所述的聚乳酸原料是经过改性的发泡级聚乳酸原料，分子量在12～15万，其聚乳酸含量≥97%。
所述的发泡剂为含氟化合物，为气体状态，是二氟一氯甲烷、三氟三氯乙烷或者四氟二氯乙烷中的任何一种；
所述成核剂为滑石粉，所述助剂为氮气；
由于含氟化合物发泡剂本身压力不足以和聚乳酸熔体很好的融合，需要用到助剂氮气，所述的氮气是高压、高纯度氮气，氮气的注入压力为10～15MPa，其纯度≥99.9%。
所述发泡剂的注入压力为16～20MPa。
所述一级螺杆挤出机从加料到机颈依次一区温度至十一区温度，它们的温度范围控制在为180～200℃之间；
所述一级螺杆挤出机，从加料到机颈依次一区温度为180-185℃、二区温度为182-188℃、三区温度为190℃、四区温度为195℃、五区温度为198-200℃、六区温度为200℃、七区温度为200℃、八区温度为200℃、九区温度为200℃、十区温度为200℃、十一区温度为200℃。
所述的一级螺杆挤出机螺杆直径为135mm，长径比36：1，螺杆起始转速在5～15r/min。
（2）二级挤出
将初步混合熔体注入到二级螺杆挤出机利用模温机进行二次控温混合，设定各个区段模温机温度，让混合熔体进行进一步的融熔、混炼、加压及冷却，使熔体达到的片材生产的理想状态。
所述二级螺杆挤出机温度设定从油温1至机头依次有8个油温机，它们的温度控制在150～170℃之间，熔体压力控制为4-6MPa；二级螺杆挤出机螺杆直径为150mm，长径比36：1，螺杆起始转速在5～7r/min。
所述二级螺杆挤出机温度设定从油温1至机头依次为油温1为165-180℃、油温2为160-168℃、油温3为158-165℃、油温4为156-163℃、油温5为152-160℃、油温6为153-158℃、油温7为152-155℃、油温8为152-155℃。
（3）挤出发泡片材
所述挤出发泡片材，待一级挤出出口的熔体压力达到12～15Mpa、温度达到190℃～200℃，二级挤出出口的熔体压力达到3～6MPa，温度达到150～160℃时，设定一级挤出机转速20-50r/min，优选为20-30r/min；二级挤出机转速为10-20r/min，经片材模具挤出发泡片材。
（4）冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕
经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平，再通过牵引机进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材
所述的冷却成型装置是防静电冷却定型套，通过两台冷却风机对成型片材进行环形冷却以及成型套内水冷。所述的牵引机为辊式牵引机，牵引速度为8～12m/min。
本发明采用双级串联单螺杆挤出系统，包括一级螺杆挤出机和二级螺杆挤出机。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用的是含氟化合物物理发泡剂，结合助剂氮气的使用，并结合二级螺杆挤出工艺设置，实现以下有益效果：
（1）本发明制备的聚乳酸片材发泡倍率为13～16倍，同时拉伸强度为80-88Mpa、弯曲强度120-128Mpa。
（2）本发明制备的聚乳酸发泡材料，泡孔直径均匀，片材厚度均匀。片材厚度为2～5mm，优选为3.8-4.8mm，厚度均一，误差可以控制在±0.1mm，泡孔直径在10～40微米，孔的密度在1～2.7x108个/cm3。
（3）本发明制备的聚乳酸发泡材料，表观密度在0.06～0.18g/cm3，优选为0.075-0.092g/cm3，材料无穿孔、破泡现象，片材泡孔结构稳定。
（4）本发明采用的135/150双级串联单螺杆挤出系统，根据聚合物物理发泡特点，通过专用螺杆CAD设计软件优化设计，配以自动液压换网，实现高塑化能力的低温稳定挤出。该设备系统能够高效稳定生产出宽幅在1080mm的发泡片材，可以实现聚乳酸发泡的工业化生产。
附图说明
图一为本发明制备高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明
实施例1
（1）一级挤出
按质量份数计量聚乳酸88份、成核剂滑石粉2份、注入一级螺杆挤出机中，待熔体在一级挤出塑化混合后，将发泡剂二氟一氯甲烷5份、助剂氮气5份注入一级挤出机中，发泡剂的注入压力在18Mpa，氮气的注入压力在11Mpa。设定一级螺杆挤出机各区段温度，从加料到机颈依次一区温度为180℃、二区温度为182℃、三区温度为190℃、四区温度为195℃、五区温度为200℃、六区温度为200℃、七区温度为200℃、八区温度为200℃、九区温度为200℃、十区温度为200℃、十一区温度为200℃。设置一级螺杆挤出机的挤出速度为10r/min。待原料和发泡剂以液相均匀混合后，得到初步混合熔体。
（2）二级挤出
将初步混合熔体注入到二级螺杆挤出机利用模温机进行二次控温混合，熔体压力控制在4～6Mpa。温度设定从油温1至机头依次为油温1为165℃、油温2为160℃、油温3为158℃、油温4为158℃、油温5为152℃、油温6为153℃、油温7为153℃、油温8为153℃。设定二级螺杆挤出机转速为5r/min。
让混合熔体进行进一步的融熔、混炼、加压及冷却。
（3）挤出发泡片材
待熔体在一级挤出出口的压力达到15Mpa，温度达到190℃，二级出口的压力在4Mpa，温度要在150℃。
设定一级挤出机转速24r/min，二级挤出机转速13r/min。
调节内口膜螺栓和外口膜螺栓，使得口模间距在至1.5mm，熔体经片材模具桶状挤出发泡片材。
（4）冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕
经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平。再通过设定牵引机牵引速度为8m/min进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材。
所得到的发泡片材宽幅在1m，厚度4.8mm，表观密度为0.075g/cm3，发泡倍率在16倍。泡孔直径在30～40微米，孔的密度在1x108个/cm3。拉伸强度80Mpa、弯曲强度128Mpa。
实施例2
（1）一级挤出
按质量份数计量聚乳酸90份、成核剂滑石粉2份、注入一级螺杆挤出机中，待熔体在一级挤出塑化混合后，将发泡剂三氟三氯乙烷4份、助剂氮气4份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，发泡剂的注入压力在18Mpa，氮气的注入压力在12Mpa。设定一级螺杆挤出机各区段温度，从加料到机颈依次一区温度为182℃、二区温度为182℃、三区温度为190℃、四区温度为195℃、五区温度为200℃、六区温度为200℃、七区温度为200℃、八区温度为200℃、九区温度为200℃、十区温度为200℃、十一区温度为200℃。一级螺杆挤出机的挤出速度为10r/min。待原料和发泡剂以液相均匀混合后，得到初步混合熔体。
（2）二级挤出
将初步混合熔体注入到二级螺杆挤出机利用模温机进行二次控温混合，熔体压力控制在4～6Mpa。温度设定从油温1至机头依次为油温1为165℃、油温2为165℃、油温3为163℃、油温4为161℃、油温5为158℃、油温6为155℃、油温7为152℃、油温8为152℃。设定二级螺杆挤出机转速为5r/min。让混合熔体进行进一步的融熔、混炼、加压及冷却。
（3）挤出发泡片材
待熔体在一级挤出口压力达到15Mpa，温度达到195℃；二级出口的压力在4Mpa，温度要在155℃的时候，设定一级挤出机转速24r/min，二级挤出机转速13r/min。调节内口膜螺栓和外口膜螺栓，使得口模间距在至1.4mm，熔体经片材模具桶状挤出发泡片材。
（4）冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕
经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平。通过设定牵引机牵引速度为10m/min进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材。
所得到的发泡片材宽幅在1m，厚度4.2mm，表观密度为0.08g/cm3，发泡倍率在15倍。泡孔直径在25～40微米，孔的密度在2x108个/cm3。拉伸强度85Mpa、弯曲强度120Mpa。
实施例3
（1）一级挤出
按质量份数计量聚乳酸91份、成核剂滑石粉2份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，待熔体在一级挤出塑化混合后，将发泡剂四氟二氯乙烷3.5份、助剂氮气3.5份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，发泡剂的注入压力在18Mpa，氮气的注入压力在14Mpa。设定一级螺杆挤出机各区段温度，从加料到机颈依次一区温度为185℃、二区温度为188℃、三区温度为190℃、四区温度为195℃、五区温度为200℃、六区温度为200℃、七区温度为200℃、八区温度为200℃、九区温度为200℃、十区温度为200℃、十一区温度为200℃。一级螺杆挤出机的挤出速度为10r/min。待原料和发泡剂以液相均匀混合后，得到初步混合熔体。
（2）二级挤出
将初步混合熔体注入到二级螺杆挤出机利用模温机进行二次控温混合，熔体压力控制在4～6Mpa。温度设定从油温1至机头依次为油温1为165℃、油温2为160℃、油温3为158℃、油温4为156℃、油温5为154℃、油温6为153℃、油温7为153℃、油温8为153℃。设定二级螺杆挤出机转速为5r/min。让混合熔体进行进一步的融熔、混炼、加压及冷却。
（3）挤出发泡片材
待熔体一级挤出压力达到17Mpa，温度达到192℃；二级出口的压力在5Mpa，温度要在160℃的时候，设定一级挤出机转速24r/min，二级挤出机转速13r/min，调节内口膜螺栓和外口膜螺栓，使得口模间距在至1.4mm，熔体经片材专用模具桶状挤出发泡片材。
（4）冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕
经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平。再通过设定牵引机牵引速度为10m/min进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材。
所得到的发泡片材宽幅在1m，厚度4.0mm，表观密度为0.086g/cm3，发泡倍率在14倍。泡孔直径在10～30微米，孔的密度在2.4x108个/cm3。拉伸强度86Mpa、弯曲强度122Mpa。
实施例4
（1）一级挤出
按质量份数计量聚乳酸92份、成核剂滑石粉2份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，待熔体在一级挤出塑化混合后，将发泡剂二氟一氯甲烷3份、助剂氮气3份注入一级螺杆挤出机中，发泡剂的注入压力在18Mpa，氮气的注入压力在15Mpa。设定一级螺杆挤出机各区段温度，从加料到机颈依次一区温度为182℃、二区温度为186℃、三区温度为190℃、四区温度为195℃、五区温度为198℃、六区温度为200℃、七区温度为200℃、八区温度为200℃、九区温度为200℃、十区温度为200℃、十一区温度为200℃。一级螺杆挤出机的挤出速度为10r/min。待原料和发泡剂以液相均匀混合后，得到初步混合熔体。
（2）二级挤出
将初步混合熔体注入到二级螺杆挤出机利用模温机进行二次控温混合，熔体压力控制在4～6Mpa。温度设定从油温1至机头依次为油温1为180℃、油温2为168℃、油温3为165℃、油温4为163℃、油温5为160℃、油温6为158℃、油温7为155℃、油温8为155℃。设定二级螺杆挤出机转速为5r/min。让混合熔体进行进一步的融熔、混炼、加压及冷却。
（3）挤出发泡片材
待熔体一级挤出压力达到18Mpa，温度达到198℃；二级出口的压力在6Mpa，温度要在153℃的时候，设定一级挤出机转速24r/min，二级挤出机转速13r/min，调节内口膜螺栓和外口膜螺栓，使得口模间距在至1.3mm，熔体经片材专用模具桶状挤出发泡片材。
（4）冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕
经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平。再通过设定牵引机牵引速度为10.5m/min进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材。
所得到的发泡片材宽幅在1m，厚度3.8mm，表观密度约为0.092g/cm3，发泡倍率在13倍。泡孔直径在20～30微米，孔的密度在2.7x108个/cm3。拉伸强度88Mpa、弯曲强度128Mpa。
本技术方案选择的是氟化物作为发泡剂，能够很好的与聚乳酸熔体进行融合；采用双级串联单螺杆挤出系统，一级挤出是通过电加热方式能够对聚乳酸原料进行快速升温，二级挤出是通过8个油温机，进行各个区段的定点精准温控，使得聚乳酸熔体和发泡剂能够很好的融合。

Claims (10)

1、一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：包括一级挤出、二级挤出、挤出发泡片材。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述一级挤出，各原料的质量份数为：聚乳酸88～95份、成核剂1～2份、发泡剂2～5份、助剂2～5份；所述发泡剂为含氟化合物。
3、根据权利要求2所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述发泡剂为二氟一氯甲烷、三氟三氯乙烷或者四氟二氯乙烷中的任何一种；所述助剂为氮气；所述成核剂为滑石粉。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述挤出发泡片材，待一级挤出出口的熔体压力达到12～15Mpa、温度达到190℃～200℃，二级挤出出口的熔体压力达到3～6MPa，温度达到150～160℃时，设定一级螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为20-50r/min，二级螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为10-20r/min，经片材模具挤出发泡片材。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述一级挤出，一级螺杆挤出机螺杆直径为135mm，长径比36：1，螺杆起始转速在5～15r/min；从加料到机颈依次设置一区温度至十一区温度，温度范围控制在为180～200℃之间。
6、根据权利要求1所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述二级挤出，二级螺杆挤出机螺杆直径为150mm，长径比36：1，螺杆起始转速在5～7r/min；温度设定从油温1至机头依次有8个油温机，温度控制在150～170℃之间，熔体压力为4～6MPa。
7、根据权利要求2所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚乳酸是经过改性的发泡级聚乳酸原料，分子量在12～15万，聚乳酸含量≥97%。
8、根据权利要求2所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述氮气的注入压力为10～15MPa，纯度≥99.9%；所述发泡剂的注入压力为16～20MPa。
9、根据权利要求1所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法，还包括冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕；所述冷却成型、剖开、展平、牵引、定型卷绕，经冷却成型装置冷却成型，剖开、展平；再通过设定牵引机的牵引速度进行冷却牵引，再通过收卷机定型卷绕最终得到PLA发泡片材。
10、根据权利要求9所述的一种高倍率聚乳酸发泡片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述冷却成型的装置是防静电冷却定型套，通过两台冷却风机对成型片材进行环形冷却以及成型套内水冷；所述的牵引机为辊式牵引机，牵引速度为8～12m/min。
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