WO2020130776A1 - Formulación oftálmica de pirfenidona para la prevención del desarrollo de opacidad corneal post cirugía fotorefractiva láser excimer - Google Patents
Formulación oftálmica de pirfenidona para la prevención del desarrollo de opacidad corneal post cirugía fotorefractiva láser excimer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020130776A1 WO2020130776A1 PCT/MX2019/000128 MX2019000128W WO2020130776A1 WO 2020130776 A1 WO2020130776 A1 WO 2020130776A1 MX 2019000128 W MX2019000128 W MX 2019000128W WO 2020130776 A1 WO2020130776 A1 WO 2020130776A1
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- pirfenidone
- corneal
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- ophthalmic
- excimer laser
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4418—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having a carbocyclic group directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cyproheptadine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/716—Glucans
- A61K31/722—Chitin, chitosan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
Definitions
- the present invention is related to the field of medicine, specifically to an ophthalmic formulation with pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1H) -pyridone) and chitosan for the prevention of corneal opacification related to photo refractive ophthalmic surgeries with excimer laser, and the prevention of the development of post surgical fibrosis, in particular surgeries for the management of glaucoma; formulation that may preferably be in the form of drops.
- the excimer laser or excimer laser is a type of laser that generates invisible, cold, ultraviolet light that, instead of cutting or burning, creates enough energy to separate molecules from tissues. In this way, when applied to the cornea, the surgeon can mold it and modify its graduation without affecting the tissues that surround it. Through the different procedures that use the excimer laser for a person to stop wearing glasses, it is possible to gently polish the corneal tissue, carving it until turning the cornea into a kind of contact lens; In this way, vision is recovered by correcting refractive defects in a fast, precise, reliable and safe.
- the excimer laser operation is a 'minor outpatient surgery *, that is, it is performed extraocularly (does not affect the intraocular organs) and allows the patient, once operated, to go home without the need for hospital admission .
- fibrosis is the result of an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin, secreted by myofibroblasts in response to cellular damage.
- the tissue response to the induced damage is a state of inflammation which can perpetuate and eventually favor the fibrosis process and lead to a pathological state with possible loss of function of the damaged tissue or organ through the permanent formation of a scar.
- the cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue composed of three different cell layers: superficial stratified epithelium, central stroma and endothelium.
- the corneal epithelium is anchored to its own basement membrane, which is composed of an organized network of extracellular matrix molecules such as type IV collagen, thrombosponidin, laminins, fibronectin and others.
- Adjacent to the epithelial membrane is Bowman's collagenous layer, predominantly composed of type I, III, V, and VI collagen providing protection to the corneal stroma.
- the stroma consists of keratocytes that maintain a slow turnover of the stromal extracellular matrix by synthesizing type I and V collagen and proteoglycans.
- the unique arrangement of collagen and proteoglycan fibers is critical to maintaining corenal transparency.
- the endothelium also contributes to clarity stromal controlling fluid and ionic movement, maintaining stroma hydration.
- the cornea is subject to mechanical trauma and abrasive forces, as a result it has developed an efficient system for re-e skinning to avoid microbial infections and trauma to the stroma.
- Migration of the epithelial sheet onto the bare surface and epithelial cell proliferation promote rapid re-epithelialization and restoration of epithelial layering.
- deep corneal wounds interfere with the process and result in recurrent corneal erosions, stromal opacity, subepithelial fibrosis, and epithelial keratinization leading to visual impairment.
- TGF-b Transforming growth factor b plays the leading role in such transdifferentiation, implicated in numerous fibrotic diseases of the eye including corneal opacification, pterygium, anterior subcapsular cataract, posterior capsular opacification, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, associated fibrovascular membrane formation. proliferative diabetic retinopathy, submacular fibrosis, glaucoma and orbital fibrosis.
- a-SMA smooth muscle actin a
- Corneal opacity resulting from refractive surgery is the cause of the normal tissue regeneration process directed by the activation of myofibroblasts previously described. Corneal opacity, even being transient, can lead to superficial irregularity, fluctuation in vision, irregular astigmatism, nictalopia, myopic regression, and a reduction in contrast.
- LASIK laser-assisted keratomileusis in situ
- the formation of the flap between the deep epithelium and the stroma leads to less interaction between both layers, as the integrity of the basement membrane is maintained, preventing central opacity of the cornea.
- corneal opacity can be seen at the flap margins where there is epithelial-stromal contact.
- Glanal opacity results in a circumference opacity at the incision site.
- Current prophylactic strategies include the use of 0.02% mitomycin-C (MMC) in order to reduce cell proliferation, subepithelial scarring and fibrosis, however it is potentially dangerous, since its use is related to ocular surface toxicity, including stem cell deficiency, sterile fusion, and delayed re-epithelialization, observed in the application of topical MMC in other eye conditions.
- MMC mitomycin-C
- Other agents used for the prevention of corneal opacity are the topical spheroids used in the first 72 hours post-intervention, however, an anti-fibrogenic effect has not been observed.
- the chitosan molecule contains three types of reactive functional groups; an amino / acetoamino group, primary and secondary hydroxyl groups on carbons 2,3 and 6.
- reactive functional groups an amino / acetoamino group, primary and secondary hydroxyl groups on carbons 2,3 and 6.
- the biological functions of the molecule and its derivatives are the antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, immune system enhancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory effect. , antioxidant, drug carrier, accelerator of calcium and iron absorption, among others.
- the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its derivatives is considered as one of its most important properties. Studies have shown this effect on different microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi. It generally shows a greater effect on gram negative bacteria at a concentration of 0.1%. The minimum concentration with antimicrobial effect is 0.05%, depending on the bacterial spice.
- the immune stimulating activity of chitosan has been reported since 1984 by Nishimura et al., Which showed that chitosan can stimulate rats to produce a non-specific attack when they are infected with E. col ⁇ .
- chitosan is an immune regulator that can activate macrophages and natural killer cells and increase the cytotoxic effect and induce mitosis of cells producing interleukins and interferon.
- chitosan has been shown to improve the antibody-mediated humoral response. Its effect as an adjuvant in influenza inactivation vaccine has been studied. Mice of the BALB / c strain were abdominally inoculated with the vaccine and chitosan twice every three weeks. In serum samples, the levels of IgG, IgG 1 and IgG2 antibodies were measured, as well as IgA in nasal secretions.
- H1N1 A / PR / 8/34 influenza virus
- chitosan can significantly lower serum levels of free fatty acids and increase the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), the body's antioxidant enzymes. More important, indicating that chitosan regulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces lipid peroxidation.
- SOD super oxide dismutase
- CAT catalase
- GSH-PX glutathione peroxidase
- Another of its biological properties is that of chelator; Absorbs toxic metals like mercury, cadmium, lead.
- Chitosan has shown high biocompatibility, antimicrobial and increase the retention time of topical drugs when co-administered on the ocular surface. By administering 0.5% chitosan to ophthalmic formulations, it significantly improves retention time on the precorneal surface and delays its removal. Chitosan has been shown in vitro to increase cell permeability by promoting drug delivery. Results suggesting that the opening of these tight junctions between cells is due to the binding of the positive charges of the chitosan molecule on the cell membrane, activating the chlorine-bicarbonate exchanger, increasing the permeability of molecules above 10 kDa. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the biological role of chitosan in increasing the passive diffusion of compounds across biological membranes.
- the chitosan molecule has shown viscoelastic and pseudoplastic properties, which currently makes it a candidate for nanotechnological applications in the ophthalmic area.
- the pirfenidone compound (PFD) 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1H) -pyridone, was initially developed as an anthelmintic and antipyretic agent.
- PFD is a small-sized molecule with a molecular weight of 185.23 Da, its chemical formula is C 12 H 11 NO, with high solubility in alcohol and chloroform.
- the molecule is capable of moving between cell membranes without the need for a receptor. .
- PFD has been tested in various cell and animal models of Inflammation and Fibrosis, where it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-proliferative properties.
- PFD is known to regulate cytokines and key growth factors in the fibrotic process, which inhibits various inflammatory mediators, has an antioxidant effect, and restores the immune response.
- the invention US3839346 where the method of obtaining the pirfenidone molecule is described, as well as its use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- 5-methyl-l-phenyl-2 (1H) pyridone has excellent analgesic activity, marked anti-inflammatory activity, and excellent antipyretic activity in test animals compared to the standard analgesic drug such as aminopyrine.
- the compound when formulated in dosage form for oral administration or intraperitoneal showed markedly less toxicity in test animals.
- the invention US3974281 describes analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory compositions containing as an active ingredient the compound, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1 H) -pyridone.
- Such compositions have also been found to cause a significant decrease in serum uric acid and glucose levels and to be effective in treating various upper respiratory conditions in humans and other mammals. Skin conditions like dermatitis and poison ivy are also alleviated with this agent.
- Compositions containing 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1 H) -pyridone were verified to cause no irritation on oral administration or when applied to specific tissues showed no significant irritation or other sequelae.
- compositions containing as an active ingredient the compound 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1H) -pyridone are found to have a metabolic property that causes a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in humans and other mammals.
- Compositions containing 5-methyl-1-phenyl- 2- (1H) -pyridone did not cause irritation on oral administration or when applied to specific tissues showed no significant irritation or other sequelae.
- compositions containing as an active ingredient the compound 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1 H) -pyridone were found to have a metabolic property that causes a significant decrease in serum uric acid levels in humans. humans and other mammals.
- Compositions containing 5-methyl-1-phenyl- 2- (1 H) -pyridone did not cause irritation on oral administration or when applied to specific tissues showed no significant irritation or other sequelae.
- the invention CN105496957 describes sustained release pirfenidone eye drops.
- Each 150 ml of the sustained-release pirfenidone eye drops contain 0.75 g of pirfenidone, 1.13 g of sodium chloride, 0.30 g of sodium citrate, 1.5 g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 45 mg of ethylparaben and the rest of the water.
- sustained-release pirfenidone eye drops Depending on the sustained-release pirfenidone eye drops, the concentration of drugs in the drops increases, the holding time of the drugs in the drops is prolonged, and the retention of drugs on the ocular surfaces is prolonged.
- sustained-release pirfenidone eye drops have the advantages that the concentration of drugs in the cornea, aqueous humor, conjunctiva, and sclerotic tissue increases to different degrees through of a colloidal solution within 90 minutes of drug administration, and the ocular bioavailability of the drugs is improved.
- the invention CN102349901 describes an application of pirfenidone in the preparation of medicines to control proliferative diseases after an ophthalmological operation and eye drops thereof.
- pirfenidone is prepared in eye drops;
- HLECs human lymphatic endothelial cells
- cytotoxicity to HLECs within the range of action. (0-1mg / ml).
- Pirfenidone can be used to delay the generation of posterior capsule opacity (PCO) after the operation of a rabbit's corneal cornea, reduce the spread of HLEC, and minimize PCO protection of the optic region.
- PCO posterior capsule opacity
- pirfenidone can be used to control proliferative diseases after an ophthalmological operation, especially the posterior capsule opacification generated after cataract surgery.
- PFD In fibrosis, the positive balance for collagen synthesis is influenced by the production of TGF-b and other growth factors, which can be under-regulated by PFD.
- PFD has also been shown to reduce keloid tissue formation in animal models. In eye tissue, PFD prevents collagen proliferation, migration, and contraction in human Tenon fibroblasts in vitro and inhibits postsurgical scar formation in experimental strabismus and glaucom models. PFD exhibits significant anti-fibrotic effect in fibroblasts isolated from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, while inhibiting TGF-b-induced fibrogenesis of cells retinal pigment epithelial.
- the developed invention described below is an ophthalmic formulation with pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1H) -pyridone) and qultosana for prevention and treatment of diseases, in particular the prevention of corneal opacification related to excimer laser photorefractive ophthalmic surgeries, preferably as eye drops.
- the object of this invention is to make available the use of pirfenidone in an ophthalmic solution for the prevention of the development of corneal opacity after ophthalmic refractive surgery with excimer laser and the prevention of the development of post surgical fibrosis, in particular surgeries for the management of glaucoma , preferably a pharmaceutical ophthalmic solution in drops or in gel form for its topical application.
- Figure 1 shows the TGF-mediated myofibroblastic transformation pathway. b1 in HSC, liver cells, and parenchymal fibroblasts.
- Figure 2 shows the proposed mechanism for inhibition of the myofibroblastic phenotype by pirfenidone.
- Figure 3 shows the relative expression of the collagen 1 gene.
- Figure 4 shows the relative expression of the a-SMA gene.
- Figure 5 shows the comparison of the transparency of corneas in ex vivo culture stained with 1N NaOH in the presence of TGF-bI at different concentrations with a 15-day follow-up.
- Figure 6 shows the comparison in corneal transparency in a prevention model.
- Figure 7 shows the comparison in corneal transparency in a reversal model.
- Figure 8 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the prevention model.
- Figure 9 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the reversion model.
- the graph shows that the treatment with prednisolone and Pred PFD is able to increase the real transparency significantly when used for 15 days in corneas with established damage.
- Figure 10 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the reversion model. The graph shows that both pirfenidone and prednisolone are capable of reversing corneal damage once corneal damage has been established.
- pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1 H) -pyridone) and chitosan for the prevention of the development of corneal opacity after excimer laser photo refractive surgery
- the formulation object of this document corresponds to a pirfenidone content in the ophthalmic solution is 0.1-1.5%, preferably 1.0%.
- the ophthalmic solution contains pirfenidone 0.1-1.5%, chitosan 0.5-2.0%, Kolliphor HS 15%, boric acid 0.6-0.62%, povidone 0.5%, chlorobutanol 0.5%, NaCI 0.5-0.9%, water for injection.
- the solution is filter sterilized through a 0.2 micron pore.
- Each 100 mL of ophthalmic solution contains 0.1 to 1.50 g of pirfenidone, 0.5 g to 2 g of chitosan, 0.5 g of povidone, 5 g of Kolliphor HS 15, 0.6 g to 0.62 g of boric acid. 0.5 g to 0.9 g of sodium chloride, 0.5 g of chlorobutanol and water for injection.
- the pH of the ophthalmic solution is 6.5 to 7.
- the first - pass cells were seeded in 6 well plates at a density of 1x10 e cells / well, culture was maintained in DMEM / 10% FBS / 1% AA until reaching a confluence of 90% -100%. The cultures at confluence were changed to serum-free medium.
- the study groups were as follows:
- Keratocyte prevention groups with 1 ng / mL TGF-b plus 10 uM, 100 uM and 1000 uM pirfenidone.
- FIG. 1 shows the TGF-bI mediated myofibroblastic transformation pathway in HSC, liver cells, and parenchymal fibroblasts, where TGF: Transforming growth factor.
- KLF4 Kruppel type factor 4.
- MK2 protein kinase 2 activator of MAP kinase.
- miR micro RNA.
- the transformation path is as follows:
- Figure 2 shows the proposed mechanism for inhibition of the myofibroblastic phenotype by Pirfenidone, where PFD: Pirfenidone, KLF4: Kruppel 4-like factor, miR: micro RNA.
- the proposed mechanism is as follows:
- the genes evaluated were type I collagen and o-SMA (Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin).
- Figure 4 shows the relative expression of the a-SMA gene.
- the decrease in the expression of the a-SMA gene can be observed with the use of dexamethasone and pirfenidone at a concentration of 100uM. The results are shown as the mean ⁇ standard error.
- PFD Pirfenidone
- TGF-b Transforming growth factor beta
- Corneal tissues were obtained from the enucleation of healthy rabbit eyes of the New Zealand strain. After surgical enucleation, the corneas that were chemically induced with 1N NaOH were cut, for which 6 mm filter paper discs were embedded in 1N NaOH solution and placed on the cornea, which were kept 30 seconds in contact with the tissue. The corneas were maintained in culture with DMEM / AA 1%. In triplicate, 3 groups were formed with different concentrations of TGF-bI, the concentrations tested were 2ng / mL, 5 ng / mL and 10 ng / mL.
- the transparency of the corneal tissue was evaluated at 2, 6, 9 and 15 days post administration of TGF-p1. Transparency was evaluated with the following method; the corneas were placed over a text printed in arial typeface 8, several observers determined through which tissues it is veiled with more or less clarity of the text they covered.
- the dose of TGF-bI to be used in the subsequent experiments was determined, which was 5 ng / mL.
- FIG. 5 shows the comparison of the transparency of corneas in ex vivo culture damaged with 1N NaOH in the presence of TGF-bI at different concentrations with a 15-day follow-up. It is observed that the addition of TGF-b1 to the medium significantly increases corneal opacity at 15 days.
- TGF-b Transforming growth factor beta.
- Figure 6 shows the comparison in corneal transparency in a prevention model.
- the differences in the transparency of the corneas can be observed without damage, with damage without TGF-bI, with damage + TGF-bI, as well as the damaged corneas treated with Pirfenidone (PFD) and prednisolone (Pred) as a preventive therapeutic agent in the appearance of corneal haze.
- the drugs were used from day one until day 15 after the chemical insult.
- the use of pirfenidone and prednisolone reduce corneal opacity significantly 15 days after chemical damage.
- PFD Pirfenidone
- TGF-b Transforming growth factor beta
- Pred prednisolone.
- FIG. 7 shows the comparison in corneal transparency in a reversal model. After fifteen days of chemical damage and once corneal fibrosis has been established, treatment with prednisolone (Pred) and pirfenidone (PFD) is started, starting treatment 15 days after establishing the damage. It can be seen that the corneal transparency increases in the treated groups unlike the control group with chemical damage and without treatment.
- Pred prednisolone
- PFD pirfenidone
- TGF-0 Transforming growth factor beta
- Pred prednisolone.
- the PFD-treated prevention group shows greater transparency than the damage control group, demonstrating the prophylactic effect of PFD on the development of corneal opacity.
- the therapeutic or reversal effect of pirfenidone administration was evaluated on tissues with induced damage with 1N NaOH and 5ng / mL of TGF-bI, the tissues were maintained in culture with 5ng / mL of TGF-bI for 15 for development tissue opacity. On day 15, treatment with 1.5% PFD was started, compared with 0.5% prednisolone. Transparency was evaluated and compared on the first day of starting treatment with transparency on day 15 of treatment.
- the therapeutic group with PFD showed an increase in tissue transparency after 15 days of treatment compared to the damage control group.
- Figure 8 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the prevention model.
- the data shows a significant difference between the group with chemical damage and the group with chemical damage + TGF-bI establishing the utility of TGF-bI for the establishment of the model.
- PFD pirfenidone
- TGF-b transforming growth factor beta
- Pred prednisolone.
- Figure 9 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the reversion model.
- PFD pirfenidone
- TGF-b transforming growth factor beta
- Pred prednisolone.
- Figure 10 shows the comparison of the percentage of corneal transparency in the reversion model.
- PFD pirfenidone
- TGF-b transforming growth factor beta
- Pred prednisolone.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101972225A (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-16 | 北京诚创康韵医药科技有限公司 | 一种含吡非尼酮的凝胶组合物 |
CN102349901A (zh) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-02-15 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | 吡非尼酮在制备防治眼科手术后增殖性疾病的药物中的应用及其滴眼液 |
CN102670600A (zh) * | 2011-03-12 | 2012-09-19 | 赵海静 | 一种抑制瘢痕和促进创口愈合的医药产品,其制备方法和应用 |
CN105496957A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | 一种吡非尼酮缓释滴眼液 |
-
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- 2019-11-22 WO PCT/MX2019/000128 patent/WO2020130776A1/es active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
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CN101972225A (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-16 | 北京诚创康韵医药科技有限公司 | 一种含吡非尼酮的凝胶组合物 |
CN102670600A (zh) * | 2011-03-12 | 2012-09-19 | 赵海静 | 一种抑制瘢痕和促进创口愈合的医药产品,其制备方法和应用 |
CN102349901A (zh) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-02-15 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | 吡非尼酮在制备防治眼科手术后增殖性疾病的药物中的应用及其滴眼液 |
CN105496957A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | 一种吡非尼酮缓释滴眼液 |
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Title |
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