WO2020119193A1 - 一种码盘及编码器 - Google Patents

一种码盘及编码器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020119193A1
WO2020119193A1 PCT/CN2019/104776 CN2019104776W WO2020119193A1 WO 2020119193 A1 WO2020119193 A1 WO 2020119193A1 CN 2019104776 W CN2019104776 W CN 2019104776W WO 2020119193 A1 WO2020119193 A1 WO 2020119193A1
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window
absolute
incremental
code
code channel
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PCT/CN2019/104776
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭玉礼
钟成堡
谢芳
周溪
王阳
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Priority to EP19895245.9A priority Critical patent/EP3859284B1/en
Priority to JP2021521758A priority patent/JP7169442B2/ja
Publication of WO2020119193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020119193A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/3473—Circular or rotary encoders

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of encoders, and in particular relates to a code wheel and an encoder, in particular to a code wheel and an optical encoder of an absolute encoder.
  • the photoelectric encoder is an angle measuring device that integrates light, machine and electricity. It converts optical signals into electrical signals through mechanical structure and signal processing circuit, so as to realize direct or multiple physical quantities such as diagonal displacement, position and speed. Indirect measurement.
  • the encoding method and fixed raster of the absolute encoder in the related art are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the incremental code channel is used to obtain the sine and cosine signals, so as to further subdivide and improve the encoder resolution;
  • the absolute signal uses binary encoding to Provide the absolute position of the encoder.
  • the window width of the absolute signal is a grid pitch P of the incremental signal. As the number of incremental code lines increases, the grid pitch P will gradually decrease, resulting in a narrower absolute signal window, PD (photodiode array) Insufficient light sensitivity, enhanced signal output instability, greatly increased error probability of absolute signals, and reduced the reliability of the encoder.
  • PD photodiode array
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a code disk and an encoder in response to the above-mentioned drawbacks, to solve the problem that the absolute signal window is narrowed and the reliability of the encoder is reduced as the number of incremental code track scores increases in the related art
  • the problem is to improve the reliability of the encoder.
  • the present disclosure provides a code disk, including: a code channel component that is coded according to a set coding method, and a fixed grating corresponding to the code channel component; wherein, the coding method is used to improve the code channel component The width of the absolute window.
  • the code channel component includes: more than one incremental code channel and more than one absolute code channel; wherein, the ruled lines of more than one incremental code channel and more than one absolute code channel are both The form of the cloth is light and dark.
  • more than one incremental code channel and more than one absolute code channel include: the first incremental code channel, the second incremental code channel, the first N-3 absolute code channel and N-4th absolute code channel; wherein, the first incremental code channel, the second incremental code channel, the N-3 absolute code channel and the N-th 4
  • the engraved lines of the absolute code channel are in the form of uniform distribution, and they are light and dark.
  • the scoring period of the second incremental code channel is M times that of the first incremental code channel
  • the scoring period of the N-3th absolute code channel is the first incremental code 2M times of the track
  • the scoring period of the N-4th absolute code track is 4M times of the first incremental code track
  • M is a natural number.
  • the fixed grating includes: more than one incremental window and more than one absolute window; wherein, more than one absolute window is distributed around more than one incremental window.
  • more than one incremental window and more than one absolute window include: the first incremental window, the second incremental window, and the N-3th absolute Window and N-4th absolute window; wherein, the first incremental window includes 4 parts arranged by the 4-quadrant split-phase method to generate A, /A, B, and /B signals for obtaining sine signals and cosines Signal; the second incremental window contains two parts that are 90° out of phase, and generates two or two square wave signals that are 90° out of phase, used to generate the first and second bits of the absolute signal; the Nth -3 absolute window and the N-4th absolute window used to generate the 3rd and 4th bits of the absolute signal.
  • the window width of the second incremental window is P times the first incremental window, and P is a natural number; and/or, the N-3th absolute window and the N-th 4
  • the window width of the absolute window is 2P times the first incremental window; P is a natural number.
  • it further includes: an LED, a photosensitive unit and a signal processing circuit; wherein the encoder body, the code wheel, the LED, the photosensitive unit and the signal processing circuit constitute a photoelectric encoder.
  • the photosensitive quantity of the PD can be ensured, the stability of the absolute signal can be improved, and the reliability of the encoder in the application process can be ensured.
  • the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the encoder.
  • the solution of the present disclosure can ensure the light sensitivity of the PD by increasing the width of the absolute window, and solves the problem that the absolute signal window becomes narrower and the reliability of the encoder is reduced as the number of incremental code track scores increases in the related art (For example, the window width of the absolute signal is a grating pitch P of the incremental signal. As the incremental code track number increases, the grating pitch P gradually decreases, resulting in a narrower absolute signal window, which reduces the reliability of the encoder. Problem), thus, it is beneficial to overcome the shortcomings in the related art of narrow absolute window width, poor absolute signal stability, and low encoder reliability, and realize the benefits of wide absolute window width, good absolute signal stability, and high encoder reliability. effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an encoding method of an existing code disk (for example, a code disk of an absolute encoder);
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed grating of an existing code disk (such as an absolute encoder code disk);
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an encoding mode of an embodiment of a code disk (for example, a code disk of an absolute encoder) of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed grating according to an embodiment of a code disk of the present disclosure (for example, a code disk of an absolute encoder);
  • FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of an output signal of an embodiment of a code wheel (such as an absolute encoder code wheel) according to the present disclosure.
  • a code disc (eg, code disc for an absolute encoder) is provided.
  • the code disk may include: a code channel component encoded according to a set coding method, and a fixed grating corresponding to the above code channel component.
  • the above encoding method can be used to increase the width of the absolute window of the above code channel component.
  • an encoder coding method and corresponding fixed grating to increase the width of the absolute window ensure the light sensitivity of the PD, improve the stability of the absolute signal, and ensure the reliability of the encoder in the application process; at the same time, the encoder Under the premise that the number of bits is the same, the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the encoder.
  • the width of the absolute window can be increased, thereby improving the stability of the absolute signal Performance, to ensure the reliability of the encoder in the application process.
  • the above code channel component may include: more than one incremental code channel and more than one absolute code channel.
  • one or more of the above incremental code channels and one or more of the above absolute code channels are set in sequence (eg, from top to bottom, or from left to right in sequence), and more than one of the above incremental code channels and one or more of the above absolute codes
  • the engraved lines of the code channel are uniformly distributed and light and dark.
  • the lines of the incremental code channel and the absolute code channel are evenly distributed, and the light and dark are alternated, which is helpful to increase the width of the absolute window, ensure the light sensitivity of the PD, and improve the stability of the absolute signal.
  • more than one incremental code channel and more than one absolute code channel may include: a first incremental code channel (such as an increment Code channel 1), second incremental code channel (such as incremental code channel 2), N-3th absolute code channel (such as absolute code channel N-3) and N-4th absolute code channel (such as absolute code channel N) -4).
  • a first incremental code channel such as an increment Code channel 1
  • second incremental code channel such as incremental code channel 2
  • N-3th absolute code channel such as absolute code channel N-3)
  • N-4th absolute code channel such as absolute code channel N
  • the first incremental code channel, the second incremental code channel, the N-3th absolute code channel and the N-4th absolute code channel are in a uniformly distributed reticle, and are light and dark.
  • Figure 3 is composed of incremental code channel 1, incremental code channel 2, absolute code channel N-3, and absolute code channel N-4.
  • the corresponding fixed grating is shown in Fig. 4 and consists of increment 1 window, increment 2 window, absolute N-3 window, and absolute N-4 window.
  • the above-mentioned incremental code channel 1, incremental code channel 2, absolute code channel N-3, and absolute code channel N-4 are in the form of uniform distribution of the engraved lines, and are light and dark.
  • N is the number of bits of the binary encoder.
  • the incremental code channel and the absolute code channel when the number of coding bits N is 4 are evenly distributed, and the light and dark are separated, which is helpful to increase the width of the absolute window and ensure the photosensitive amount of the PD To improve the stability of the absolute signal.
  • the scoring period of the second incremental code channel is M times that of the first incremental code channel
  • the scoring period of the N-3th absolute code channel is 2M of the first incremental code channel Times
  • the scoring period of the N-4th absolute code channel is 4M times that of the first incremental code channel; M is a natural number.
  • the scoring cycle of incremental code channel 2 is 4 times that of incremental code channel 1
  • the scoring cycle of absolute code channel N-3 is 8 times that of incremental code channel 1
  • the scribe line of absolute code channel N-4 The period is 16 times that of incremental code channel 1.
  • the ruled cycle of the other incremental code channel and the absolute code channel is set to the ruled cycle of the first incremental code channel as the reference.
  • the setting multiple of this reference is helpful to increase the width of the absolute window and improve the stability of the encoder.
  • the above fixed grating may include: more than one incremental window and more than one absolute window.
  • more than one of the above absolute windows are distributed on the periphery of more than one of the above incremental windows.
  • more than one incremental window and more than one absolute window may include: a first incremental window (such as an incremental 1 window) , The second incremental window (such as incremental 2 window), the Nth absolute window (such as absolute N-3 window) and the N-4 absolute window (such as absolute N-4 window).
  • the first incremental window described above includes 4 parts arranged using the 4-quadrant split-phase method to generate A, /A, B, and /B signals, which can be used to obtain sine and cosine signals after the set signal processing .
  • the above increment 1 window including 4 parts, is arranged using the 4-quadrant split-phase method to generate A, /A, B, and /B signals, which are processed by subsequent circuits to obtain sine and cosine signals.
  • the waveform is shown as A in Figure 5.
  • B is used for signal subdivision to improve encoder resolution.
  • the second incremental window includes two parts that are 90° out of phase, and generates two or two square wave signals that are 90° out of phase, and can be used to generate the first bit of the absolute signal after the calculated calculation process. 2nd place.
  • the window width is 4 times the increment 1 window, including two parts that are phase-shifted by 90°, generating two two-way square wave signals with phase difference of 90°, the waveforms are shown as C and D in FIG. 5 As shown, through calculation, 1, 2 bits of the absolute signal are generated.
  • the above-mentioned N-3th absolute window and the above-mentioned N-4th absolute window can be used to generate the 3rd and 4th bits of the absolute signal.
  • the window width is 8 times the increment 1 window, which is used to generate 3 and 4 bits of the absolute signal.
  • the waveforms are shown as E and F in FIG. 5.
  • the absolute codes formed by CDEF are 1111, 1110, 1100, 1101, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0011, 0010, 0000, 0001, a total of 16 without duplication, To achieve the 4-bit encoding purpose.
  • the window width of the second incremental window is P times the first incremental window, and P is a natural number.
  • the window width of the Nth absolute window and the N-4 absolute window are 2P times the first incremental window; P is a natural number.
  • the window width of the second incremental window is P times that of the first incremental window
  • the window widths of the Nth absolute window and the N-4 absolute window are the first incremental window. 2P times the volume window, P is a natural number.
  • the window width of the first incremental window is used as a reference, and the window widths of other incremental windows and absolute windows are set to the set multiple of the reference It is helpful to increase the width of the absolute window and improve the stability of the encoder.
  • the technical scheme of the present disclosure by increasing the width of the absolute window, the light sensitivity of the PD can be ensured, the stability of the absolute signal can be improved, and the reliability of the encoder in the application process can be ensured.
  • an encoder corresponding to a code wheel is also provided.
  • the encoder may include: an encoder body. It may also include: the above-mentioned code disk.
  • it may further include: an LED, a photosensitive unit and a signal processing circuit.
  • the encoder body, the code wheel, the LED, the photosensitive unit, and the signal processing circuit constitute a photoelectric encoder.
  • a photoelectric encoder may include: a structure, an LED, a light-sensing unit, a signal processing circuit, and a code wheel; it is characterized by adopting the above encoding method and a matching grating.
  • the structure is the body structure of the encoder, which can include: shaft, bracket, bearing, nut and so on.
  • the width of the absolute window can be increased, thereby improving the stability of the absolute signal Performance, to ensure the reliability of the photoelectric encoder in the application process.
  • the solution of the present disclosure proposes an encoder encoding method And the corresponding fixed grating to increase the width of the absolute window, ensure the sensitivity of the PD, improve the stability of the absolute signal, and ensure the reliability of the encoder in the application process; at the same time, under the premise of the same number of encoders, you can Reducing the number of code channels of the grating facilitates the miniaturization of the encoder.
  • the solution of the present disclosure proposes an encoder encoding method and a corresponding fixed grating to increase the width of the absolute window, ensure the light sensitivity of the PD, improve the stability of the absolute signal, and ensure the application of the encoder Reliability in the process; at the same time, under the premise of the same number of encoders, the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the encoder.
  • the solution of the present disclosure proposes an absolute encoder dual incremental code channel encoding method and a corresponding fixed grating, which can effectively ensure the width of the absolute window, improve the sensitivity of the PD, and ensure the stability of the absolute signal , which enhances the reliability of the encoder in the application process; at the same time, under the premise of the same number of encoders, the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced by 1, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the encoder.
  • the present disclosure proposes an encoder encoding method and corresponding fixed grating, which can increase the width of the absolute window, ensure the light sensitivity of the PD, solve the problem of insufficient sensitivity of the absolute window of the photoelectric encoder; improve the stability of the absolute signal, solve the photoelectricity
  • the problem of absolute signal instability in the application process of the encoder ensures the reliability of the encoder in the application process; at the same time, under the premise of the same number of encoder bits, the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced, which is beneficial to the small size of the encoder To solve the problem of miniaturization of photoelectric encoders.
  • the principle of the encoder encoding mode is shown in FIG. 3, which consists of incremental code channel 1, incremental code channel 2, absolute code channel N-3, and absolute code channel N- 4 Composition.
  • the corresponding fixed grating is shown in Fig. 4 and consists of increment 1 window, increment 2 window, absolute N-3 window, and absolute N-4 window.
  • the scoring cycle of incremental code channel 2 is 4 times that of incremental code channel 1
  • the scoring cycle of absolute code channel N-3 is 8 times that of incremental code channel 1
  • the scribe cycle of absolute code channel N-4 It is 16 times of incremental code channel 1.
  • the multiple can be a fixed value, and does not change according to the value of N.
  • the above increment 1 window contains 4 parts arranged using the 4-quadrant split-phase method to generate A, /A, B, and /B signals, which are processed by subsequent circuits to obtain sine and cosine signals.
  • the waveform is shown in Figure 5.
  • Medium A and B are used for signal subdivision to improve encoder resolution.
  • the subsequent processing may include: signal conditioning, signal amplification, and signal filtering processing.
  • the above-mentioned incremental 2 window has a window width that is 4 times that of the incremental 1 window, and includes two parts that are 90° out of phase, generating 2 two-way square wave signals that are 90° out of phase.
  • the waveform is shown as C in Figure 5.
  • D through calculation, generate 1, 2 bits of the absolute signal.
  • the window width is 8 times the increment 1 window, which is used to generate 3 and 4 bits of the absolute signal, and the waveform is shown as E and F in FIG. 5 .
  • the absolute codes formed by CDEF are 1111, 1110, 1100, 1101, 1011, 1010, 1000, 1001, 0111, 0110, 0100, 0101, 0011, 0010, 0000, 0001, a total of 16 without duplication, To achieve the 4-bit encoding purpose.
  • the absolute window width of the encoder using the above encoding method is 4 times the absolute window of the related technology, which improves the light sensitivity of the PD, ensures the stability of the absolute signal, and enhances the reliability of the encoder in the application process
  • the number of encoders is the same, the number of code channels of the grating can be reduced by one, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the encoder.

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Abstract

本公开公开了一种码盘及编码器，该码盘包括：按设定的编码方式编码得到的码道组件，以及与所述码道组件对应的定光栅；其中，所述编码方式，用于提高所述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度。本公开的方案，可以解决随着增量码道刻线数的增加导致绝对信号窗口变窄而降低了编码器的可靠性的问题，达到提升编码器的可靠性的效果。。

Description

一种码盘及编码器
本公开以2018年12月12日递交的、申请号为201811517405.7且名称为“一种码盘及编码器”的专利文件为优先权文件，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开属于编码器技术领域，具体涉及一种码盘及编码器，尤其涉及一种绝对编码器的码盘及光电编码器。
背景技术
光电编码器是一种集光、机、电于一体的测角设备，通过机械结构和信号处理电路将光学信号转换成电信号，从而实现对角位移、位置和速度等多种物理量的直接或间接测量。
相关技术中绝对编码器的编码方式和定光栅如图1和图2所示，增量码道用于得到正余弦信号，以便进一步细分，提高编码器分辨率；绝对信号采用二进制编码，以提供编码器的绝对位置。其中绝对信号的窗口宽度为增量信号的一个栅距P，随着增量码道刻线数的增加，栅距P将逐渐减小，导致绝对信号窗口变窄，PD(光电二极管阵列)的感光量不足，信号输出不稳定性加强，绝对信号的错码概率大大提高，降低了编码器的可靠性。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于，针对上述缺陷，提供一种码盘及编码器，以解决相关技术中随着增量码道刻线数的增加导致绝对信号窗口变窄而降低了编码器的可靠性的问题，达到提升编码器的可靠性的效果。
本公开提供一种码盘，包括：按设定的编码方式编码得到的码道组件，以及与所述码道组件对应的定光栅；其中，所述编码方式，用于提高所述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度。
可选地，所述码道组件，包括：一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道；其中，一个以上所述增量码道和一个以上所述绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
可选地，当所述码盘的编码位数N为4时，一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道，包括：第一增量码道、第二增量码道、第N-3绝对码道和第N-4绝对码道；其中，所述第一增量码道、所述第二增量码道、所述第N-3绝对码道和所述第N-4绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
可选地，所述第二增量码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的M倍，所述第N-3绝对码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的2M倍，所述第N-4绝对码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的4M倍；M为自然数。
可选地，所述定光栅，包括：一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口；其中，一个以上所述绝对窗口，分布在一个以上所述增量窗口的外围。
可选地，当所述码盘的编码位数N为4时，一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口，包括：第一增量窗口、第二增量窗口、第N-3绝对窗口和第N-4绝对窗口；其中，所述第一增量窗口，包含4部分采用4象限裂相法排布，产生A、/A和B、/B信号，用于得到正弦信号和余弦信号；所述第二增量窗口，包含相位错开90°的两部分，产生相位相差90°的两两路方波信号，用于生成绝对信号的第1位和第2位；所述第N-3绝对窗口和所述第N-4绝对窗口，用于产生绝对信号的第3位和第4位。
可选地，其中，所述第二增量窗口的窗口宽度是所述第一增量窗口的P倍，P为自然数；和/或，所述第N-3绝对窗口和所述第N-4绝对窗口的窗口宽度，是所述第一增量窗口的2P倍；P为自然数。与上述码盘相匹配，本公开再一方面提供一种编码器，包括：编码器本体；还包括：以上所述的码盘。
可选地，还包括：LED、感光单元和信号处理电路；其中，所述编码器本体、所述码盘、所述LED、所述感光单元和所述信号处理电路，构成光电编码器。
本公开的方案，通过提高绝对窗口的宽度，可以保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性。
进一步，本公开的方案，通过提高绝对窗口的宽度，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化。
由此，本公开的方案，通过提高绝对窗口的宽度，可以保证PD的感光量，解决相关技术中随着增量码道刻线数的增加导致绝对信号窗口变窄而降低了编码器的可靠性(如：绝对信号的窗口宽度为增量信号的一个栅距P，随着增量码道刻线数的增加栅距P逐渐减小而导致绝对信号窗口变窄，降低了编码器的可靠性)的问题，从而，克服相关技术中绝对窗口宽度窄、绝对信号稳定性差和编码器的可靠性低的缺陷，实现绝对窗口宽度宽、绝对信号稳定性好和编码器的可靠性高的有益效果。
本公开的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本公开而了解。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本公开的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为现有码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)的编码方式的结构示意图；
图2为现有码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)定光栅的结构示意图；
图3为本公开的码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)的一实施例的编码方式的结构示意图；
图4为本公开的码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)的一实施例定光栅的结构示意图；
图5为本公开的码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)的一实施例的输出信号的波形示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开具体实施例及相应的附图对本公开技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
根据本公开的实施例，提供了一种码盘(如：绝对编码器的码盘)。参见图3所示本公开的码盘的一实施例的结构示意图。该码盘可以包括：按设定的编码方式编码得到的码道组件，以及与上述码道组件对应的定光栅。
其中，上述编码方式，可以用于提高上述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度。
例如：一种编码器编码方式及对应的定光栅，以提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化。
由此，通过按提高上述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度的编码方式得到所需码道组件，并得到与该码道组件对应的定光栅，可以提高绝对窗口的宽度，从而提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性。
在一个可选例子中，上述码道组件，可以包括：一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道。
其中，一个以上上述增量码道和一个以上上述绝对码道依次设置(如自上向下依次设置、或自左向右依次设置)，并且，一个以上上述增量码道和一个以上上述绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
由此，通过在码道组件中，使增量码道和绝对码道的刻线均布、且明暗相间，有利于提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性。
可选地，当上述码盘的编码位数N为4时(N为自然数)，一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道，可以包括：第一增量码道(如增量码道1)、第二增量码道(如增量码道2)、第N-3绝对码道(如绝对码道N-3)和第N-4绝对码道(如绝对码道N-4)。
其中，上述第一增量码道、上述第二增量码道、上述第N-3绝对码道和上述第N-4绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
例如：编码器编码方式原理如图3所示，由增量码道1、增量码道2、绝对码道N-3、绝对码道N-4组成。对应的定光栅如图4所示，由增量1窗口、增量2窗口、绝对N-3窗口、 绝对N-4窗口组成。其中，上述增量码道1、增量码道2、绝对码道N-3、绝对码道N-4，其刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。其中，N为二进制编码器的位数。
由此，通过在码道组件中，使编码位数N为4时的增量码道和绝对码道的刻线均布、且明暗相间，有利于提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性。
更可选地，上述第二增量码道的刻线周期是上述第一增量码道的M倍，上述第N-3绝对码道的刻线周期是上述第一增量码道的2M倍，上述第N-4绝对码道的刻线周期是上述第一增量码道的4M倍；M为自然数。
例如：增量码道2的刻线周期是增量码道1的4倍，绝对码道N-3的刻线周期是增量码道1的8倍，绝对码道N-4的刻线周期是增量码道1的16倍。
由此，通过在码道组件中，在编码位数N为4时，以第一增量码道的刻线周期为基准，将其它增量码道和绝对码道的刻线周期设定为该基准的设定倍数，有利于提升绝对窗口的宽度，提高编码器的稳定性。
在一个可选例子中，上述定光栅，可以包括：一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口。
其中，一个以上上述绝对窗口，分布在一个以上上述增量窗口的外围。
由此，通过在定光栅中使绝对窗口分布在增量窗口的外围，有利于提高绝对信号的宽度，保证PD的感光量。
可选地，当上述码盘的编码位数N为4时(N为自然数)，一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口，可以包括：第一增量窗口(如增量1窗口)、第二增量窗口(如增量2窗口)、第N-3绝对窗口(如绝对N-3窗口)和第N-4绝对窗口(如绝对N-4窗口)。
具体地，上述第一增量窗口，包含4部分采用4象限裂相法排布，产生A、/A和B、/B信号，可以用于经设定的信号处理后得到正弦信号和余弦信号。
例如：上述增量1窗口，包含4部分采用4象限裂相法排布，产生A、/A和B、/B信号，经后续电路处理，得到正弦信号和余弦信号，波形如图5中A、B所示用于信号细分，以提高编码器分辨率。
具体地，上述第二增量窗口，包含相位错开90°的两部分，产生相位相差90°的两两路方波信号，可以用于经设定的计算处理后生成绝对信号的第1位和第2位。
例如：上述增量2窗口，其窗口宽度是增量1窗口的4倍，包含相位错开90°的两部分，产生相位相差90°的2两路方波信号，波形如图5中C、D所示，通过计算，生成绝对信号的1、2位。
具体地，上述第N-3绝对窗口和上述第N-4绝对窗口，可以用于产生绝对信号的第3位和第4位。
例如：上述绝对N-3窗口和绝对N-4窗口，其窗口宽度是增量1窗口的8倍，用于产生绝对信号的3、4位，波形如图5中E、F所示。图5中，通过CDEF形成的绝对编码为1111、1110、1100、1101、1011、1010、1000、1001、0111、0110、0100、0101、0011、0010、0000、0001，共计16个且无重复，达到4位编码目的。
由此，通过在定光栅中设置增量窗口和绝对窗口产生信号的形式，有利于提升绝对信号的稳定性。
更可选地，上述第二增量窗口的窗口宽度是上述第一增量窗口的P倍，P为自然数。
更可选地，上述第N-3绝对窗口和上述第N-4绝对窗口的窗口宽度，是上述第一增量窗口的2P倍；P为自然数。
更可选地，上述第二增量窗口的窗口宽度是上述第一增量窗口的P倍，且上述第N-3绝对窗口和上述第N-4绝对窗口的窗口宽度，是上述第一增量窗口的2P倍，P为自然数。
由此，通过在定光栅中，在编码位数N为4时，以第一增量窗口的窗口宽度为基准，将其它增量窗口和绝对窗口的窗口宽度设定为该基准的设定倍数，有利于提升绝对窗口的宽度，提高编码器的稳定性。
经大量的试验验证，采用本公开的技术方案，通过提高绝对窗口的宽度，可以保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性。
根据本公开的实施例，还提供了对应于码盘的一种编码器。该编码器，可以包括：编码器本体。还可以包括：以上上述的码盘。
可选地，还可以包括：LED、感光单元和信号处理电路。
其中，上述编码器本体、上述码盘、上述LED、上述感光单元和上述信号处理电路，构成光电编码器。
例如：一种光电编码器，可以包括：结构体、LED，感光单元、信号处理电路、码盘；其特征在于，采用上述编码方式及对用定光栅。
其中，结构体，是编码器的本体结构，可以包括：轴、支架、轴承、螺母等。
由此，通过按提高上述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度的编码方式得到所需码道组件，并得到与该码道组件对应的定光栅，可以提高绝对窗口的宽度，从而提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证光电编码器在应用过程中的可靠性。
在一个可选实施方式中，为解决随着增量码道刻线数的增加导致绝对信号窗口变窄而降低了编码器的可靠性的问题，本公开的方案，提出一种编码器编码方式及对应的定光栅，以提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化。
在一个可选例子中，本公开的方案，提出一种编码器编码方式及对应的定光栅，以提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，提高绝对信号的稳定性，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化。
可选地，本公开的方案，提出一种绝对编码器双增量码道编码方式及对应的定光栅，可以有效保证绝对窗口的宽度，提高了PD的感光量，保证了绝对信号的稳定性，增强了编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，光栅的码道数可以减少1道，利于编码器的小型化。
可见，本公开提出一种编码器编码方式及对应的定光栅，可以提高绝对窗口的宽度，保证PD的感光量，解决光电编码器绝对窗口感光不足的问题；提高绝对信号的稳定性，解决光电编码器在应用过程中绝对信号不稳定性的问题，保证编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化，解决光电编码器小型化问题。
在一个可选具体实施方式中，可以参见图3至图5所示的例子，对本公开的方案的具体实现过程进行示例性说明。
为便于表述，本公开的方案中以N＝4为例进行说明。
在一个可选具体例子中，本公开的方案中，编码器编码方式原理如图3所示，由增量码道1、增量码道2、绝对码道N-3、绝对码道N-4组成。对应的定光栅如图4所示，由增量1窗口、增量2窗口、绝对N-3窗口、绝对N-4窗口组成。
可选地，上述增量码道1、增量码道2、绝对码道N-3、绝对码道N-4，其刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
其中增量码道2的刻线周期是增量码道1的4倍，绝对码道N-3的刻线周期是增量码道1的8倍，绝对码道N-4的刻线周期是增量码道1的16倍。其中，该倍数可以是固定值，不根据N的取值变动。
可选地，上述增量1窗口，包含4部分采用4象限裂相法排布，产生A、/A和B、/B信号，经后续电路处理，得到正弦信号和余弦信号，波形如图5中A、B所示用于信号细分，以提高编码器分辨率。
其中，后续处理，可以包括：信号调理、信号放大和信号滤波处理等。
可选地，上述增量2窗口，其窗口宽度是增量1窗口的4倍，包含相位错开90°的两部分，产生相位相差90°的2两路方波信号，波形如图5中C、D所示，通过计算，生成绝对信号的1、2位。
可选地，上述绝对N-3窗口和绝对N-4窗口，其窗口宽度是增量1窗口的8倍，用于产生绝对信号的3、4位，波形如图5中E、F所示。
图5中，通过CDEF形成的绝对编码为1111、1110、1100、1101、1011、1010、1000、1001、0111、0110、0100、0101、0011、0010、0000、0001，共计16个且无重复，达到4位编码目的。
通过对比，采用上述编码方式的编码器，其绝对窗口宽度是相关技术绝对窗口的4倍，提高了PD的感光量，保证了绝对信号的稳定性，增强了编码器在应用过程中的可靠性；同时，在编码器位数相同的前提下，光栅的码道数可以减少1道，利于编码器的小型化。
由于本实施例的编码器所实现的处理及功能基本相应于前述图3至图5所示的码盘的实施例、原理和实例，故本实施例的描述中未详尽之处，可以参见前述实施例中的相关说明，在此不做赘述。
经大量的试验验证，采用本公开的技术方案，通过提高绝对窗口的宽度，在编码器位数相同的前提下，可以降低光栅的码道数，利于编码器的小型化。
综上，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上所述仅为本公开的实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种码盘，其特征在于，包括：按设定的编码方式编码得到的码道组件，以及与所述码道组件对应的定光栅；
    其中，所述编码方式，用于提高所述码道组件的绝对窗口的宽度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的码盘，其特征在于，所述码道组件，包括：一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道；其中，
    一个以上所述增量码道和一个以上所述绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的码盘，其特征在于，当所述码盘的编码位数N为4时，一个以上的增量码道和一个以上的绝对码道，包括：第一增量码道、第二增量码道、第N-3绝对码道和第N-4绝对码道；其中，
    所述第一增量码道、所述第二增量码道、所述第N-3绝对码道和所述第N-4绝对码道的刻线采用均布的形式，且明暗相间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的码盘，其特征在于，所述第二增量码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的M倍，所述第N-3绝对码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的2M倍，所述第N-4绝对码道的刻线周期是所述第一增量码道的4M倍；M为自然数。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4之一所述的码盘，其特征在于，所述定光栅，包括：一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口；其中，
    一个以上所述绝对窗口，分布在一个以上所述增量窗口的外围。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的码盘，其特征在于，当所述码盘的编码位数N为4时，一个以上的增量窗口和一个以上的绝对窗口，包括：第一增量窗口、第二增量窗口、第N-3绝对窗口和第N-4绝对窗口；其中，
    所述第一增量窗口，包含4部分采用4象限裂相法排布，产生A、/A和B、/B信号，用于得到正弦信号和余弦信号；
    所述第二增量窗口，包含相位错开90°的两部分，产生相位相差90°的两两路方波信号，用于生成绝对信号的第1位和第2位；所述第N-3绝对窗口和所述第N-4绝对窗口，用于产生绝对信号的第3位和第4位。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的码盘，其特征在于，其中，
    所述第二增量窗口的窗口宽度是所述第一增量窗口的P倍，P为自然数。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的码盘，其特征在于，其中，所述第N-3绝对窗口和所述第N-4绝对窗口的窗口宽度，是所述第一增量窗口的2P倍，P为自然数。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的码盘，其特征在于，其中，所述第二增量窗口的窗口宽度是所述第一增量窗口的P倍，且所述第N-3绝对窗口和所述第N-4绝对窗口的窗口宽度，是所 述第一增量窗口的2P倍，P为自然数。
  10. 一种编码器，其特征在于，包括：编码器本体；还包括：如权利要求1至9任一所述的码盘。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的编码器，其特征在于，还包括：LED、感光单元和信号处理电路；其中，
    所述编码器本体、所述码盘、所述LED、所述感光单元和所述信号处理电路，构成光电编码器。
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