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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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  • C08G18/161—Catalysts containing two or more components to be covered by at least two of the groups C08G18/166, C08G18/18 or C08G18/22
  • C08G18/163—Catalysts containing two or more components to be covered by at least two of the groups C08G18/166, C08G18/18 or C08G18/22 covered by C08G18/18 and C08G18/22
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  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
  • C08G18/1808—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof having alkylene polyamine groups
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  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
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  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
  • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/02—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by the reacting monomers or modifying agents during the preparation or modification of macromolecules
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
  • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
  • C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
  • C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
  • C08K5/5419—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
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  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
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  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
  • C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
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  • C08G2330/00—Thermal insulation material
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  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
  • C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
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  • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
  • C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
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  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
  • C08J2375/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
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  • C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2483/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08J2483/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to the field of thermal insulation rigid foams and processes. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to processes and compositions which comprise siloxane to produce rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams exhibiting superior thermal insulation and good mechanical properties such as compression strength.
• PIR rigid polyisocyanurate
• PUR polyurethane
• Rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams have outstanding thermal insulation performance and thus can be used in various applications such as building and construction, roofing, tanks, pipes, cold chain and appliances.
• the reason for these unique characteristics is their cellular structure.
• One such solution is to get finer cell sizes to achieve a lower K factor.
• a purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for producing rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams.
• PIR polyisocyanurate
• PUR polyurethane
• the present disclosure provides a composition for preparing rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) and/or polyurethane (PUR) foams, comprising:
• a polyisocyanate component selected from a group consisting of an aliphatic polyisocyanate comprising at least two isocyanate groups, an aromatic polyisocyanate comprising at least two isocyanate groups, a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate comprising at least two isocyanate groups, an araliphatic polyisocyanate comprising at least two isocyanate groups, and prepolymers or combinations thereof;
• each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl or t-butyl, trimethylsiloxy, tri (trimethylsiloxy) siloxy, di (trimethylsiloxy) methylsiloxy, (trimethylsiloxy) di (methyl) siloxy, a substituting group represented by Formula 2
• n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and *represents the point where the group of Formula 2 is attached to the center silicon atom shown in Formula 1, and
• m is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and *represents the point where the group of Formula 3 is attached to the silicon atom shown in Formula 1,
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are C 1 -C 4 alkyl, preferably at most two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are C 1 -C 4 alkyl, more preferably at most one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and more preferably none of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl; and the siloxane comprises at least three trimethylsiloxy groups.
• the polyol is selected from a group consisting of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, araliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and a combination thereof.
• the present disclosure provides a polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam prepared with the composition of the present disclosure, wherein the polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam is formed by reacting the isocyanate-reactive component with the polyisocyanate component in the presence of the siloxane.
• the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam with the composition of the present disclosure, comprising the step of reacting the isocyanate-reactive component with the polyisocyanate component in the presence of the siloxane.
• composition As disclosed herein, the term “composition” , “formulation” or “mixture” refers to a physical blend of different components, which is obtained by mixing simply different components by a physical means.
• a composition for producing rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane (PUR) foams comprising a polyisocyanate component having two or more isocyanate groups in each molecule, an isocyanate-reactive component including polyols that can react with the isocyanate groups, and a highly branched liquid siloxane.
• polyisocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component are generally stored in separate containers until the moment when they are blended together and subjected to the polymerization reaction between the isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups to form polyisocyanurate and polyurethane.
• Polyurethane refers to a polymer comprising a main chain formed by the repeating unit (-NH-C (O) -O-) derived from the reaction between isocyanate group and hydroxyl group, while polyisocyanurate comprises an polyisocyanurate ring structure formed by trimerization of isocyanate groups.
• polyisocyanurate and polyurethane As used herein, the terms of “polyisocyanurate and polyurethane” , “polyisocyanurate or polyurethane” , “PIR and PUR” , “PIR or PUR” and “PIR/PUR” are used interchangeably and refer to a polymeric system comprising both polyurethane chain and polyisocyanurate groups, with the relative proportions thereof basically depend on the stoichiometric ratio of the polyisocyanate compounds and polyol compounds contained in the raw materials. Besides, the ingredients, such as catalysts and other additives, and processing conditions, such as temperature, reaction duration, etc., may also slightly influence the relative amounts of the PUR and PIR in the final foam product.
• polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foam refer to foam obtained as a product of the reaction between the above indicated polyisocyanates and compounds having isocyanate-reactive groups, particularly, polyols.
• additional functional groups e.g. allophanates, biurets or ureas may be formed during the reaction.
• the PIR/PUR foam is preferably a rigid foam.
• composition of the present disclosure may further comprise catalyst, blowing agent, and other additives.
• the composition of the present disclosure is generally prepared and stored as two separate “packages” , i.e. an isocyanate package solely comprising the polyisocyanate component and a polyol package comprising any other components.
• the isocyanate-reactive component, siloxane, catalyst, blowing agent and other additives may be mixed together to obtain a “polyol package” , which is then blended with the isocyanate package to produce the PUR/PIR foam.
• the amounts, contents or concentration of the isocyanate-reactive component and the polyisocyanate component are calculated based on the total weight of the composition, i.e.
• the siloxane, catalyst, blowing and other additives are based on the weight of the “polyol package” , i.e. the combined weight of all the components excluding the polyisocyanate component or the total weight of the composition minus the weight of the polyisocyanate component.
• the siloxane, catalyst, blowing and other additives are not mixed with the isocyanate-reactive component and are added as independent streams, but the contents thereof are still calculated based on the combined weight of the “polyol package” .
• the isocyanate-reactive component comprises one or more polyols selected from the group consisting of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, araliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, polyether polyol, polyester polyol and mixture thereof.
• the polyol is selected from the group consisting of C2-C16 aliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, C6-C15 cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, C7-C15 araliphatic polyhydric alcohols comprising at least two hydroxy groups, polyester polyols having a molecular weight from 300 to 5,000, polyether polyols having a molecular weight from 300 to 5,000, and combinations thereof.
• the isocyanate-reactive component comprises a mixture of two or more different polyols, such as a mixture of two or more polyether polyols, a mixture of two or more polyester polyols, or a mixture of at least one polyether polyols with at least one polyester polyols.
• the isocyanate-reactive component has a functionality (average number of isocyanate-reactive groups, particularly, hydroxyl group, in a polyol molecule) of at least 2.0 and a OH number of 80 to 2,000 mg KOH/g, preferably from 150 to 1,000 mg KOH/g, and more preferably from 200 to 500 mg KOH/g.
• the polyester polyol is typically obtained by condensation of polyfunctional alcohols having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with polyfunctional carboxylic acids having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Typical polyfunctional alcohols for preparing the polyester polyol are preferably diols or triols and include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol.
• Typical polyfunctional carboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and preferably phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, the isomeric naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, and combinations thereof.
• the polyester polyol is preferably terminated with at least two hydroxyl groups. In a preferable embodiment, the polyester polyol has a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6.
• the polyester polyol has a OH number of 80 to 2,000 mg KOH/g, preferably from 150 to 1,000 mg KOH/g, and more preferably from 200 to 500 mg KOH/g.
• Various molecular weights are contemplated for the polyester polyol.
• the polyester polyol may have a number average molecular weight of from about 100 g/mol to about 4,000 g/mol, preferably from about 150 g/mol to about 3,000 g/mol, preferably from about 200 g/mol to about 2,000 g/mol, preferably from about 250 g/mol to about 1,000 g/mol, preferably from about 280 g/mol to about 500 g/mol, and more preferably from about 300 g/mol to about 350 g/mol.
• the polyether polyols usually have a hydroxyl functionality between 2 and 8, in particular from 2 to 6 and is generally prepared by polymerization of one or more alkylene oxides selected from propylene oxide (PO) , ethylene oxide (EO) , butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran and mixtures thereof, with proper starter molecules in the presence of catalyst.
• Typical starter molecules include compounds having at least 2, preferably from 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups or having two or more primary amine groups in the molecule. Suitable starter molecules are for example selected from the group comprising aniline, EDA, TDA, MDA and PMDA, more preferably from the group comprising TDA and PMDA, an most preferably TDA.
• TDA When TDA is used, all isomers can be used alone or in any desired mixtures.
• 2, 4-TDA, 2, 6-TDA, mixtures of 2, 4-TDA and 2, 6-TDA, 2, 3-TDA, 3, 4-TDA, mixtures of 3, 4-TDA and 2, 3-TDA, and also mixtures of all the above isomers can be used.
• starter molecules having at least 2 and preferably from 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups in the molecule it is preferable to use trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, castor oil, sugar compounds such as, for example, glucose, sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose, polyhydric phenols, resols, such as oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde and Mannich condensates of phenols, formaldehyde and dialkanolamines, and also melamine.
• trimethylolpropane glycerol, pentaerythritol, castor oil
• sugar compounds such as, for example, glucose, sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose
• polyhydric phenols such as oligomeric condensation products of phenol and formaldehyde and Mannich condensates of phenols, formaldehyde and dialkanolamines, and also melamine.
• Catalyst for the preparation of polyether polyols may include alkaline catalysts, such as potassium hydroxide, for anionic polymerization or Lewis acid catalysts, such as boron trifluoride, for cationic polymerization.
• Suitable polymerization catalysts may include potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, boron trifluoride, or a double cyanide complex (DMC) catalyst such as zinc hexacyanocobaltate or quaternary phosphazenium compound.
• DMC double cyanide complex
• the polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight in the range from 100 to 10,000 g/mol, preferably in the range from 200 to 8,000 g/mol, more preferably in the range from 300 to 6,000 g/mol, more preferably in the range from 400 to 4,000 g/mol and more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 g/mol.
• the polyether polyol has a OH number of 80 to 2,000 mg KOH/g, preferably from 150 to 1,000 mg KOH/g, and more preferably from 200 to 500 mg KOH/g.
• the concentration of the polyol component used herein may range from about 20 wt%to about 70 wt%, preferably from about 30 wt%to about 60 wt%, more from about 35 wt%to about 50 wt%, based on the total weight of all components in the composition for preparing the PUR/PIR foam.
• the polyisocyanate component has an average functionality of at least about 2.0, preferably from about 2 to 10, more preferably from about 2 to about 8, and most preferably from about 2 to about 6.
• the polyisocyanate component includes a polyisocyanate compound comprising at least two isocyanate groups. Suitable polyisocyanate compounds include aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and araliphatic polyisocyanates having two or more isocyanate groups.
• the polyisocyanate component comprises polyisocyanate compounds selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 12 aliphatic polyisocyanates comprising at least two isocyanate groups, C 6 -C 15 cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates comprising at least two isocyanate groups, C 7 -C 15 araliphatic polyisocyanates comprising at least two isocyanate groups, and combinations thereof.
• suitable polyisocyanate compounds include m- phenylene diisocyanate, 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate and/or 2, 6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , the various isomers of diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) , carbodiimide modified MDI products, hexamethylene-1, 6-diisocyanate, tetramethylene-1, 4-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate, hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, hydrogenated MDI, naphthylene-1, 5-diisocyanate, or mixtures thereof.
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate
• MDI diphenylmethanediisocyanate
• carbodiimide modified MDI products hexamethylene-1, 6-diisocyanate, tetramethylene-1
• the polyisocyanate component may also comprise a isocyanate prepolymer having an isocyanate functionality in the range of 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 8, more preferably from 2 to 6.
• the isocyanate prepolymer can be obtained by reacting the above stated monomeric isocyanate components with one or more isocyanate-reactive compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butenediol, 1, 4-butynediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, neopentylglycol, bis (hydroxy-methyl) cyclohexanes such as 1, 4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methylpropane-1, 3-diol, methylpentanediols, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol
• Suitable prepolymers for use as the polyisocyanate component are prepolymers having NCO group contents of from 2 to 40 weight percent, more preferably from 4 to 30 weight percent. These prepolymers are preferably prepared by reaction of the di-and/or poly-isocyanates with materials including lower molecular weight diols and triols.
• aromatic polyisocyanates containing urethane groups preferably having NCO contents of from 5 to 40 weight percent, more preferably 20 to 35 weight percent, obtained by reaction of diisocyanates and/or polyisocyanates with, for example, lower molecular weight diols, triols, oxyalkylene glycols, dioxyalkylene glycols, or polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights up to about 800.
• diols preferably having NCO contents of from 5 to 40 weight percent, more preferably 20 to 35 weight percent
• diisocyanates and/or polyisocyanates with, for example, lower molecular weight diols, triols, oxyalkylene glycols, dioxyalkylene glycols, or polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights up to about 800.
• These polyols can be employed individually or in mixtures as di-and/or polyoxyalkylene glycols.
• diethylene glycols, dipropylene glycols, polyoxyethylene glycols, ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, butylene glycols, polyoxypropylene glycols and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene glycols can be used.
• Polyester polyols can also be used, as well as alkane diols such as butane diol.
• Other diols also useful include bishydroxyethyl-or bishydroxypropyl-bisphenol A, cyclohexane dimethanol, and bishydroxyethyl hydroquinone.
• modified multifunctional isocyanates that is, products which are obtained through chemical reactions of the above isocyanates compounds.
• exemplary are polyisocyanates containing esters, ureas, biurets, allophanates and preferably carbodiimides and/or uretoneimines.
• the amount of the polyisocyanate component may vary based on the end use of the rigid PIR/PUR foam.
• the concentration of the polyisocyanate component can be from about 30 wt%to about 80 wt%, preferably from about 40 wt%to about 80 wt%; and more preferably from about 50 wt%to about 80 wt%, based on the total weight of all the components in the composition for preparing the rigid PIR/PUR foam.
• the stoichiometric ratio of the isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate component to the hydroxyl groups in the isocyanate-reactive component is between about 1.0 and 6, preferably from 1.1 to 6, and more preferably from 1.2 to 4.
• the siloxane with branched structure can effectively facilitate the formation of a superior porous structure in the PUR/PIR foam, thus improving the thermal insulation property thereof.
• An typical linear and unbranched siloxane can be represented by the following structure A, in which a main chain consisted of the repeating unit of - (Si (CH 3 ) 2 -O) -is terminated with a tri (methyl) siloxy group on each end and p is an integer of e.g. 1 to 100, hence a unbranched siloxane molecule only comprises two tri (methyl) siloxy groups, and the number of tri (methyl) siloxy groups in one siloxane molecule can be used to determine whether the siloxane is branched.
• unbranched siloxane is a commercialized product D10 obtained from DOW and can be represented by the following formula:
• branched siloxane As used herein, the terms of “branched siloxane” , “siloxane with branched structure” and “siloxane with branching functionality” can be used interchangeably and refer to siloxanes comprising at least three tri (methyl) siloxy groups in the molecular structure thereof. It was surprisingly found that one the brached siloxane can achieve desirable effect, while the unbranched siloxane cannot. Particularly, the siloxane that can be used in the present disclosure have a structure represented by Formula 1,
• each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trimethylsiloxy, tri (trimethylsiloxy) siloxy, di (trimethylsiloxy) methylsiloxy, (trimethylsiloxy) di (methyl) siloxy, a substituting group represented by Formula 2
• n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and *represents the point where the substituting group of Formula 2 is attached to the center silicon atom shown in Formula 1, and
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 represent the other options as listed above.
• none of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
• the above said substituting groups for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may be further substituted with e.g. methyl or trimethylsiloxy.
• R 1 is a methyl group
• at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the methyl may be replaced with a methyl or a trimethylsiloxy.
• methyl is contained as a moiety in all the above said substituting groups other than methyl, and at least one hydrogen atoms of the methyl moiety in any of these substituting groups may be similarly replaced with a methyl or a trimethylsiloxy.
• the branched siloxane comprises from 3 to 50 trimethylsiloxy groups, preferably from 4 to 20 trimethylsiloxy groups, more preferably from 4 to 10 trimethylsiloxy groups, more preferably from 4 to 6 trimethylsiloxy groups.
• the branched siloxane comprises at least 3 silicon atoms, preferably from 3 to 50 silicon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 20 silicon atoms, and the most preferably from 4 to 10 silicon atoms.
• the branched siloxane may be represented by any one of the following formulae:
• n and m independently represents an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
• the branched siloxane may be added as a separate stream or in the stream of the isocyanate-reactive component.
• the amount of the branched siloxane is from 0.1 wt%to 5 wt%, preferably from 0.3 wt%to 3 wt%, more preferably from 0.5 wt%to 2 wt%, based on the total weight of all the raw materials other than the isocyanate component.
• the blowing agent may be selected based at least in part on the desired density of the final foam.
• the blowing agent may be added to the polyol package before the polyol package is combined with the polyisocyanate component.
• the blowing agent may absorb heat from the exothermic reaction of the combination of the isocyanate component with the isocyanate-reactive compounds and vaporize and provide additional gas useful in expanding the polyurethane foam to a lower density.
• the blowing agent can be a hydrocarbon.
• hydrocarbon or fluorine-containing hydrohalocarbon blowing agents may be employed.
• the hydrocarbon may be, for example, a hydrofluoroolefin carbon.
• the blowing agent may comprise, by way of example and not limitation, butane, isobutane, 2, 3-dimethylbutane, n-and i-pentane isomers, hexane isomers, heptane isomers, cycloalkanes including cyclopentane (c-pentane) , cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and combinations thereof, HFC-245fa (1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane, HFC-365mfc (1, 1, 1, 3, 3-penta-flurobutane) , HFC-227ea (1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-heptafluropropane) , HFC-134a (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluroethane) , combinations thereof, and the like.
• the blowing agent is water.
• the amount of blowing agent is from about 0.01 wt%to about 40 wt%, more preferably 3 wt%to about 30 wt%, more preferably from 5 wt%to 28 wt%, and the most preferably from 10 wt%to 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the “polyol package” .
• Catalyst may include urethane reaction catalyst and isocyanate trimerization reaction catalyst.
• Trimerization catalysts may be any trimerization catalyst known in the art that will catalyze the trimerization of an organic isocyanate compound. Trimerization of isocyanates may yield polyisocyanurate compounds inside the polyurethane foam. Without being limited to theory, the polyisocyanurate compounds may make the polyurethane foam more rigid and provide improved reaction to fire. Trimerization catalysts can include, for example, glycine salts, tertiary amine trimerization catalysts, alkali metal carboxylic acid salts, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, sodium N-2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenyl-methyl-N-methylglycinate may be employed. When used, the trimerization catalyst may be present in an amount of 0.5-2 wt%, preferably 0.8-1.5 wt%of the “polyol package” .
• Tertiary amine catalysts include organic compounds that contain at least one tertiary nitrogen atom and are capable of catalyzing the hydroxyl/isocyanate reaction between the isocyanate component and the isocyanate reacting mixture.
• Tertiary amine catalysts can include, by way of example and not limitation, triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylene triamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, triamylamine, pyridine, quinoline, dimethylpiperazine, piperazine, N-ethylmorpholine, 2-methylpropanediamine, methyltriethylenediamine, 2, 4, 6-tridimethylamino-methyl) phenol, N, N’ , N” -tris (dimethyl amino-propyl) sym-hexahydrotriazine, and mixtures thereof.
• composition of the present disclosure may further comprise the following catalysts: tertiary phosphines, such as trialkylphosphines and dialkylbenzylphosphines; chelates of various metals, such as those which can be obtained from acetylacetone, benzoylacetone, trifluoroacetyl acetone, ethyl acetoacetate and the like with metals such as Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, Pd, Ti, Zr, Sn, As, Bi, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni; acidic metal salts of strong acids such as ferric chloride, stannic chloride; salts of organic acids with variety of metals, such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al, Sn, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu; organotin compounds, such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g., tin (II) diacetate, tin
• the total amount of the catalyst component used herein may range generally from about 0.01 wt%to about 10 wt%in polyol package in one embodiment, and from 0.5 wt%to about 5 wt%in polyol package in another embodiment.
• composition of the present invention may include, for example, other co-catalysts, surfactants, toughening agents, flow modifiers, adhesion promoters, diluents, stabilizers, plasticizers, catalyst de-activators, dispersing agents, flame retardant and mixtures thereof.
• fire performance may be enhanced by including one or more flame retardants.
• Flame retardants may be brominated or non-brominated and may include, by way of example and not limitation, tris (1, 3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (2-choroethyl) phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, alumina trihydrate, and combinations thereof.
• the flame retardant may be present in an amount from 0.1 wt%to about 10 wt%, or about 0.5 wt%to about 5 wt%of the polyol package.
• Surfactants may be added to serve as cell stabilizers.
• Some representative surfactants include organic surfactants containing polyoxy-ethylene-polyoxybutylene block copolymers. It is particularly desirable to employ a minor amount of a surfactant to stabilize the foaming reaction mixture until it cures.
• Other surfactants that may be useful herein are polyethylene glycol ethers of long-chain alcohols, tertiary amine or alkanolamine salts of long-chain allyl acid sulfate esters, alkylsulfonic esters, alkyl arylsulfonic acids, and combinations thereof. Such surfactants are employed in amounts sufficient to stabilize the foaming reaction against collapse and the formation of large uneven cells. Typically, a surfactant total amount from about 0.2 to about 3 wt%, based on the amount of the polyol package, is sufficient for this purpose.
• fillers and pigments may be included in the inventive rigid PIR/PUR foam compositions.
• Such fillers and pigments may include, in non-limiting embodiments, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, graphite, carbon black, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, microspheres, alumina trihydrate, wollastonite, glass fibers, polyester fibers, other polymeric fibers, combinations thereof, and the like.
• the PIR/PUR foam is prepared by mixing the reaction components, including the isocyanate reactive component, the siloxane, the catalyst, the blowing agents and any other additives of the “polyol package” , with the isocyanate package at room temperature or at an elevated temperature of 30 to 120°C , preferably from 40 to 90°C , more preferably from 50 to 70°C , for a duration of e.g. 10 seconds to 10 hours, preferably from 2 minutes to 3 hours, more preferable from 10 minutes to 60 minutes.
• the isocyanate-reactive compounds, the blowing agent and the siloxane may be mixed prior to or upon addition to the isocyanate component.
• additives including catalysts, flame retardants, and surfactants, may be added to the polyol package prior to addition of the blowing agent.
• Mixing may be performed in a spray apparatus, a mix head, or a vessel. Following mixing, the mixture may be sprayed or otherwise deposited onto a substrate or into an open mold. Alternatively, the mixture may be injected inside a cavity, in the shape of a panel or any other proper shapes. This cavity may be optionally kept at atmospheric pressure or partially evacuated to sub-atmospheric pressure.
• Suitable conditions for promoting the curing of the PIR/PUR polymer include a temperature of from about 20°C to about 150°C .
• the curing is performed at a temperature of from about 35°C to about 75°C .
• the curing is performed at a temperature of from about 45°C to about 55°C .
• the temperature for curing may be selected at least in part based on the time duration required for the PUR/PIR polymer to gel and/or cure at that temperature. Cure time will also depend on other factors, including, for example, the particular components (e.g., catalysts and quantities thereof) , and the size and shape of the article being manufactured.
• Foam specimens with a size of 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm were cut from the central position of the foams approximately 24 hours after the foams were produced and were subjected to characterization on a HC-074 heat flow meter instrument (EKO Instrument Trading Co., Ltd. ) at 10°C (with a lower plate temperature of 18°C and a upper plate temperature of 2°C) and 23°C (with a lower plate temperature of 36°C and a upper plate temperature of 10°C ) according to ASTM C518-04 in SDC.
• the measured value of the K-factor exhibits a variance of ⁇ 0.1 mW/mK.
• the density of the rigid foams was measured according to ASTM 1622-03. In particular, foam specimens measuring 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm were cut from the central position of the foams approximately 24 hours after the foams were produced. The weight and exact dimension of the sample were measured, and the density was calculated accordingly. The measured value of the foam density exhibits a variance of around ⁇ 0.1 kg/m 3 .
• the compression strength was measured on a rigid foam with a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm according to EN 826.
• Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Inventive Examples 1 to 3 were performed by using the formulations shown in Table 2.
• the formulations for all the Comparative Examples and Inventive Examples were particularly designed to achieve an identical NCO index of 4.27.
• the Inventive Examples were performed by using branched siloxanes b, c and d, while the Comparative Examples 1 to 4 did not comprise branched siloxanes.
• Comparative Examples 3 and 4 comprised D10, which is a unbranched siloxane.
• the thermal conductivity (K factor) , density and compression strength of the resultant rigid PIR/PUR foams were characterized and were also summarized in Table 2, wherein the unit for the amount of each ingredient was gram.
• Table 2 The formulations and characterization results of the Inventive Examples (IE) 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples (CE) 1 to 4, wherein DC 5374 is short for VORASURF DC 5374, and B8421 is short for Tegostab B 8421.

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