WO2020116578A1 - 電解液及び電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電解液及び電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020116578A1 WO2020116578A1 PCT/JP2019/047684 JP2019047684W WO2020116578A1 WO 2020116578 A1 WO2020116578 A1 WO 2020116578A1 JP 2019047684 W JP2019047684 W JP 2019047684W WO 2020116578 A1 WO2020116578 A1 WO 2020116578A1
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- electrolytic solution
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and an electrochemical device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing a specific siloxane compound in order to improve cycle characteristics and internal resistance characteristics.
- the present invention aims to provide an electrolytic solution capable of improving the performance of an electrochemical device.
- One aspect of the present invention is an electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom.
- this electrolyte in one aspect, it is possible to improve the cycle characteristics as the performance of the electrochemical device. Further, according to this electrolytic solution, in another aspect, the direct current resistance (discharge DCR) during discharge of the electrochemical device can be reduced. In addition, according to this electrolytic solution, in another aspect, the capacity retention rate after the electrochemical device is stored at high temperature can be improved. Further, according to this electrolytic solution, in another aspect, it is possible to suppress an increase in volume after the electrochemical device is stored at a high temperature.
- At least one of R 1 to R 3 may be a fluorine atom.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by formula (1) may be one.
- R 5 may be an organic group containing a nitrogen atom.
- R 5 may be a group represented by the following formula (2). [In the formula (2), R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and * represents a bond. ]
- R 5 may be an organic group containing a sulfur atom.
- R 5 may be a group represented by the following formula (3), formula (4) or formula (5).
- R 8 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 9 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 10 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- the cyclic carbonate may be vinylene carbonate.
- the sum of the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the content of the cyclic carbonate may be 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode may contain a carbon material.
- the carbon material may contain graphite.
- the negative electrode may further contain a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the electrochemical device may be a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery or a capacitor.
- an electrolytic solution capable of improving the performance of an electrochemical device is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as an electrochemical device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an electrode group of the secondary battery shown in FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the result of the cycle test in an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of discharge DCR in an Example and a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electrochemical device according to one embodiment.
- the electrochemical device is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes an electrode group 2 including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery exterior body 3 that houses the electrode group 2.
- a positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and a negative electrode current collecting tab 5 are provided on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively.
- the positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and the negative electrode current collecting tab 5 project from the inside of the battery case 3 to the outside so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be electrically connected to the outside of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1, respectively. ..
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 may be a battery (coin type, cylindrical type, laminated type, etc.) having a shape other than the so-called “laminate type” as described above.
- the battery outer casing 3 may be a container formed of, for example, a laminated film.
- the laminated film may be, for example, a laminated film in which a resin film such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- metal foil such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel
- a sealant layer such as polypropylene
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 shown in FIG.
- the electrode group 2 includes a positive electrode 6, a separator 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order.
- the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 are arranged such that the surfaces on the positive electrode mixture layer 10 side and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 side face the separator 7, respectively.
- the positive electrode 6 includes a positive electrode current collector 9 and a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on the positive electrode current collector 9.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is provided with the positive electrode current collector tab 4.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is made of, for example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, baked carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, or the like.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 may be one in which the surface of aluminum, copper, or the like is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, conductivity, and oxidation resistance.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 9 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m in terms of electrode strength and energy density.
- the positive electrode material mixture layer 10 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is, for example, 20 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, lithium oxide.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a lithium phosphate.
- the lithium phosphate include lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ), and lithium vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ). 3 ).
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, and 99% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive agent may be carbon black such as acetylene black or Ketjen black, or carbon material such as graphite, graphene or carbon nanotube.
- the content of the conductive agent may be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, and 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. Or less, or 15% by mass or less.
- binder examples include resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, cellulose and nitrocellulose; SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), fluororubber.
- resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, cellulose and nitrocellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- fluororubber examples include fluororubber.
- a fluorine-containing resin a resin having a nitrile group-containing monomer as a monomer unit, a polymer composition having an alkali metal ion (for example, lithium ion) ion conductivity, and the like.
- the content of the binder may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 1.5% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass. % Or less, or 10% by mass or less.
- the separator 7 is not particularly limited as long as it electrically insulates between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 while allowing ions to pass therethrough and has resistance to the oxidizing property on the positive electrode 6 side and the reducing property on the negative electrode 8 side. Not done.
- Examples of the material (material) of the separator 7 include resins and inorganic materials.
- the separator 7 is preferably a porous sheet or a non-woven fabric formed of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene from the viewpoint of being stable with respect to the electrolytic solution and excellent in liquid retaining property.
- the inorganic substance examples include oxides such as alumina and silicon dioxide, nitrides such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, and sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate.
- the separator 7 may be, for example, a thin film substrate such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or a microporous film to which a fibrous or particulate inorganic substance is attached.
- the negative electrode 8 includes a negative electrode current collector 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the negative electrode current collector 11.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is provided with a negative electrode current collector tab 5.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is made of copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, baked carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 may be one in which the surface of copper, aluminum, or the like is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like for the purpose of improving adhesion, conductivity, and reduction resistance.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 11 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of electrode strength and energy density.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb and release lithium ions.
- the negative electrode active material include carbon materials, metal composite oxides, oxides or nitrides of Group IV elements such as tin, germanium, and silicon, simple substances of lithium, lithium alloys such as lithium aluminum alloys, Sn, Si, and the like. And a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- the negative electrode active material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon materials and metal composite oxides.
- the negative electrode active material may be one type of these alone or a mixture of two or more types.
- the shape of the negative electrode active material may be, for example, a particle shape.
- the carbon material amorphous carbon material, natural graphite, composite carbon material obtained by forming a film of amorphous carbon material on natural graphite, artificial graphite (resin raw material such as epoxy resin, phenol resin, or petroleum, coal, etc. Obtained by firing a pitch-based raw material obtained from the above).
- the metal composite oxide preferably contains one or both of titanium and lithium, and more preferably contains lithium.
- the negative electrode active materials carbon materials have high conductivity and are particularly excellent in low temperature characteristics and cycle stability.
- graphite is preferable from the viewpoint of high capacity.
- the carbon network plane layer (d002) in the X-ray wide-angle diffraction method is preferably less than 0.34 nm, and more preferably 0.3354 nm or more and 0.337 nm or less.
- a carbon material that satisfies such conditions may be referred to as pseudo-anisotropic carbon.
- the negative electrode active material may further contain a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be a simple substance of silicon or tin, or a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the compound may be an alloy containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin. For example, in addition to silicon and tin, nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver. , An alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony and chromium.
- the compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be an oxide, a nitride, or a carbide, and specifically, for example, silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , and LiSiO.
- silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , and LiSiO.
- a silicon nitride such as Si 3 N 4 or Si 2 N 2 O, a silicon carbide such as SiC, a tin oxide such as SnO, SnO 2 or LiSnO.
- the negative electrode 8 preferably contains a carbon material, more preferably graphite, and further preferably a carbon material, silicon and It contains a mixture with a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of tin, and particularly preferably contains a mixture of graphite and silicon oxide.
- the content of the carbon material (graphite) with respect to the material (silicon oxide) containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin in the mixture is 1% by mass or more based on the total amount of the mixture, or 3 It may be not less than 30% by mass and not more than 30% by mass.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, and 99% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the binder and the content thereof may be the same as the binder and the content thereof in the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may contain a thickener to adjust the viscosity.
- the thickener is not particularly limited, but may be carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, salts thereof, or the like.
- the thickener may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the content thereof is not particularly limited.
- the content of the thickener may be 0.1% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer, from the viewpoint of coatability of the negative electrode mixture layer. , And more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the content of the thickener may be 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity or an increase in resistance between the negative electrode active materials. % Or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the electrolytic solution is a compound represented by the following formula (1), a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “cyclic carbonate”), an electrolyte salt, and a nonaqueous solution. And a solvent.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 may have 1 or more carbon atoms and 3 or less carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 3 may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, and may be linear or branched.
- At least one of R 1 to R 3 is preferably a fluorine atom. May be any one of fluorine atom of R 1 ⁇ R 3, it may be any two of a fluorine atom of R 1 ⁇ R 3, all of R 1 ⁇ R 3 may be a fluorine atom.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be 1 or more or 2 or more, and 5 or less or 4 or less.
- the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, or a pentylene group, and may be linear or branched.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by formula (1) is one. That is, in one embodiment, the organic group represented by R 5 does not include a silicon atom.
- R 5 is an organic group containing a nitrogen atom, and is preferably a group represented by the following formula (2) from the viewpoint of further improving the performance of the electrochemical device.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group represented by R 6 or R 7 may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 5 is an organic group containing a sulfur atom and is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3), formula (4) or formula from the viewpoint that the performance of the electrochemical device can be further improved. It may be a group represented by any of (5).
- R 8 represents an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 9 represents an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 10 represents an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 0.005% by mass, based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint that the performance of the electrochemical device can be further improved. % Or more, 0.01 mass% or more, 0.05 mass% or more, or 0.1 mass% or more, 8 mass% or less, 5 mass% or less, 3 mass% or less, 2 mass% or less, or 1 mass. % Or less.
- a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond is a cyclic carbonic acid ester having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the two carbons constituting the ring may form a double bond.
- the cyclic carbonate may be, for example, vinylene carbonate, methylvinylene carbonate, dimethylvinylene carbonate (4,5-dimethylvinylene carbonate), ethylvinylene carbonate (4,5-diethylvinylene carbonate), diethylvinylene carbonate, etc. From the viewpoint that the performance of the device can be further improved, vinylene carbonate is preferable.
- the content of the cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001 mass% or more, 0.005 mass% or more, 0.01 mass, based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint that the performance of the electrochemical device can be further improved. % Or more, 0.05% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less.
- the total content of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the content of the cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001 based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint that the performance of the electrochemical device can be further improved.
- % By mass 0.005% by mass or more, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, 0.5% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or less, 7% by mass % Or less, 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less.
- the mass ratio of the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) to the content of the cyclic carbonate (the content of the compound represented by the formula (1)/the content of the cyclic carbonate) further determines the performance of the electrochemical device. From the viewpoint of being able to improve, it is preferably 0.01 or more, 0.05 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, or 0.25 or more, and preferably 500 or less, 100 or less, It is 50 or less, 20 or less, 10 or less, 5 or less, 3 or less, or 1 or less.
- the electrolyte salt may be, for example, a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt is, for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , CF 3 SO 2 OLi, LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (Li[FSI], lithium bis. Fluorosulfonylimide), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (Li[TFSI], lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and at least one selected from the group consisting of LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 Good.
- the lithium salt preferably contains LiPF 6 from the viewpoint of further excellent solubility in a solvent, charge/discharge characteristics of a secondary battery, output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and the like.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.5 mol/L or more, more preferably 0.7 mol/L or more, and further preferably 0.8 mol/L or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent. Further, it is preferably 1.5 mol/L or less, more preferably 1.3 mol/L or less, still more preferably 1.2 mol/L or less.
- non-aqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyl lactone, acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxymethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, methylene chloride and methyl acetate. May be
- the non-aqueous solvent may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more thereof, and preferably a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the electrolytic solution may further contain a compound represented by the formula (1), a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond, an electrolyte salt and other materials other than the non-aqueous solvent.
- the other material may be, for example, a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, a nitrogen atom other than the compound represented by the formula (1), a sulfur atom, a compound containing a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, or the like.
- fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate examples include 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC), 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2. It may be trifluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate or the like, preferably 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC).
- the compound containing a nitrogen atom other than the compound represented by formula (1) may be a nitrile compound such as succinonitrile.
- the compound containing a sulfur atom other than the compound represented by the formula (1) may be, for example, a cyclic sulfonate compound such as 1,3-propane sultone and 1-propene-1,3-sultone.
- the present inventors have studied compounds having various structures and functional groups, and as a result, by applying the compound represented by the above formula (1) and the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond to an electrolytic solution. , Revealed that the performance of electrochemical devices can be improved.
- the present inventors presume that the effects of using the compound represented by the formula (1) and the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond in the electrolytic solution are as follows. That is, the compound represented by the formula (1) and the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond act on the site where the effect is most likely to be exhibited in the lithium ion secondary battery, for example, in the positive electrode or the negative electrode. It is considered to contribute to stable film formation or stabilization of the electrolytic solution.
- the performance of the electrochemical device such as the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 is improved.
- this electrolytic solution the cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved in one aspect.
- the use of this electrolytic solution can reduce the discharge DCR of the electrochemical device.
- this electrolytic solution it is possible to improve the capacity retention rate after the electrochemical device is stored at high temperature.
- the increase in volume of the electrochemical device after being stored at high temperature can be suppressed.
- the manufacturing method of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes a first step of obtaining the positive electrode 6, a second step of obtaining the negative electrode 8, and a third step of accommodating the electrode group 2 in the battery outer casing 3.
- the material used for the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is dispersed in a dispersion medium using a kneader, a disperser or the like to obtain a positive electrode mixture in a slurry state, and then this positive electrode mixture is treated by a doctor blade method,
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is coated with a dipping method, a spray method, or the like, and then the dispersion medium is volatilized to obtain the positive electrode 6.
- a compression molding step using a roll press may be provided, if necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be formed as a positive electrode mixture layer having a multi-layer structure by performing the above-described steps from the application of the positive electrode mixture to the volatilization of the dispersion medium a plurality of times.
- the dispersion medium may be water, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, also referred to as NMP), or the like.
- the second step may be the same as the above-mentioned first step, and the method of forming the negative electrode mixture layer 12 on the negative electrode current collector 11 may be the same method as the above-mentioned first step. ..
- the separator 7 is sandwiched between the produced positive electrode 6 and negative electrode 8 to form the electrode group 2.
- the electrode group 2 is housed in the battery case 3.
- the electrolytic solution is injected into the battery exterior body 3.
- the electrolytic solution can be prepared, for example, by first dissolving an electrolyte salt in a solvent and then dissolving other materials.
- the electrochemical device may be a capacitor.
- the capacitor may include an electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery exterior body that houses the electrode group.
- the details of each component of the capacitor may be the same as those of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1.
- Example 1 [Production of positive electrode] Acetylene black (AB) (4 mass %) as a conductive agent and a binder (4 mass %) were sequentially added to and mixed with lithium nickel cobalt manganate (92 mass %) as a positive electrode active material. NMP as a dispersion medium was added to the obtained mixture, and the mixture was kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture. A predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector. After that, the dispersion medium was volatilized and then pressed to consolidate it to a density of 2.8 g/cm 3 to obtain a positive electrode.
- the electrolytic solution 1% by mass of compound A represented by the following formula (6) and 1% by mass of vinylene carbonate are added to a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol/L of LiPF 6. Also, the one added with the total amount of electrolyte) was used.
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound B represented by the following formula (7) was added in place of Compound A in an amount of 0.3% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution. A battery was produced.
- Example 3 A lithium ion secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound C represented by the following formula (8) was added in place of Compound A in an amount of 0.1% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution. A battery was produced.
- Example 1 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound A and vinylene carbonate were not used.
- the relative value (discharge capacity retention rate (%)) of the discharge capacity in each cycle with respect to the discharge capacity after charge and discharge in the first cycle was determined.
- the result of the cycle test is shown in FIG. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) show the results of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3, respectively.
- FIGS. The results of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in all graphs of FIG.
- the discharge capacity retention rates at the 300th cycle in Examples 1 to 3 were 90%, 89%, and 89%, respectively, and the discharge capacity retention rates at the 300th cycle in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 (each 67%). %, 86%).
- the reason for this is that compound A, compound B, or compound C and vinylene carbonate form a stable coating film on the positive electrode or the negative electrode, and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution is suppressed by this coating film, which prolongs the life of the secondary battery. It is thought that this was achieved.
- the direct current resistance (discharge DCR) during discharge was measured as follows. First, 0.2 C constant current charging was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, and then constant voltage charging was performed at 4.2 V. The charge termination condition was a current value of 0.02C. Then, constant current discharge with a final voltage of 2.7 V was performed at a current value of 0.2 C , the current value at this time was I 0.2 C , and the voltage change 10 seconds after the start of discharge was ⁇ V 0.2 C.
- constant current charging of 0.2 C was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, and then constant voltage charging was performed at 4.2 V (charging termination condition was a current value of 0.02 C).
- constant current discharge with a final voltage of 2.7 V was performed at a current value of 0.5 C , the current value at this time was I 0.5C , and the voltage change 10 seconds after the start of discharge was ⁇ V 0.5C .
- the current value of 1 C was evaluated as I 1C and the voltage change ⁇ V 1C 10 seconds after the start of discharge was evaluated after the same charge and discharge.
- Example 1 As a result, the volume increase rate of Example 1 was 105.5%, the volume increase rate of Comparative Example 1 was 107.1%, and the volume increase rate of Comparative Example 2 was 108.9%.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 to which the electrolytic solution containing only vinylene carbonate was applied was compared with the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 to which the electrolytic solution containing neither compound A nor vinylene carbonate was applied. Volume increase rate increased. It is considered that this is because vinylene carbonate was decomposed and gas was generated under the environment of high temperature (60° C.).
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 1 to which the electrolytic solution containing both the compound A and vinylene carbonate was applied had a reduced volume increase rate as compared with the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. It is considered that this is because the compound A contributed to the stabilization of the electrolytic solution containing vinylene carbonate and could suppress the gas generation.
- the capacity retention rate of Example 1 was 92.9%
- the capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 1 was 90.7%
- the capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 2 was 92.3%.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 to which the electrolytic solution containing only vinylene carbonate was applied maintained the capacity as compared with the lithium ion battery of Comparative Example 1 to which the electrolytic solution containing neither compound A nor vinylene carbonate was applied. The rate was good. It is considered that this is because vinylene carbonate formed a stable film on the negative electrode, and the decrease in the capacity retention rate due to the decomposition of the electrolytic solution in a high temperature (60° C.) environment was suppressed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 1 to which the electrolytic solution containing both the compound A and vinylene carbonate was applied was compared with the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 to which the electrolytic solution containing only vinylene carbonate was applied.
- the capacity retention rate was further improved. This is presumably because, in addition to the vinylene carbonate forming a stable film on the negative electrode, the decomposition of the electrolytic solution was further suppressed by the stabilization of the electrolytic solution by the compound A.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 3 to which the electrolytic solutions containing both the compound A and the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond were applied were cyclic with a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 to which an electrolyte solution containing no carbonate and compound A was applied, and lithium of Comparative Example 2 to which an electrolyte solution containing a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond and containing no compound A was applied It shows superior performance compared to ion secondary batteries.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrochemical device
- 6 Positive electrode
- 7 Separator
- 8 Negative electrode
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Abstract
Description
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(92質量%)に、導電剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB)(4質量%)と、結着剤(4質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度2.8g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
負極活物質としての黒鉛に、結着剤と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースとを添加した。これらの質量比については、黒鉛:結着剤:増粘剤=98:1:1とした。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としての水を添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の負極合剤を調製した。この負極合剤を負極集電体としての厚さ10μmの圧延銅箔に均等かつ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度1.6g/cm3まで圧密化して、負極を得た。
13.5cm2の四角形に切断した正極電極を、セパレータであるポリエチレン製多孔質シート(商品名:ハイポア(登録商標)、旭化成株式会社製、厚さ30μm)で挟み、さらに14.3cm2の四角形に切断した負極を重ね合わせて電極群を作製した。この電極群を、アルミニウム製のラミネートフィルム(商品名:アルミラミネートフィルム、大日本印刷株式会社製)で形成された容器(電池外装体)に収容した。次いで、容器の中に電解液を1mL添加し、容器を熱溶着させ、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、下記式(6)で表される化合物Aを1質量%及びビニレンカーボネートを1質量%(いずれも電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例1において、化合物A及びビニレンカーボネートを使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1において、化合物Aを使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
作製したリチウムイオン電池について、以下に示す方法で初回充放電を実施した。まず、25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。その後、0.1Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを3回繰り返した(電流値の単位として用いた「C」とは、「電流値(A)/電池容量(Ah)」を意味する。)。3サイクル目の放電容量をこの電池の容量Q1とした。
初回充放電後に、充放電を繰り返すサイクル試験によって、各二次電池のサイクル特性を評価した。充電パターンとしては、45℃の環境下で、実施例1~3及び比較例1~2の二次電池について、0.5Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.05Cとした。放電については、0.5Cで定電流放電を2.7Vまで行い、放電容量を求めた。この一連の充放電を300サイクル繰り返し、充放電の度に放電容量を測定した。1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量に対する、各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量維持率(%))を求めた。サイクル試験の結果を、図3に示す。図3(a)、図3(b)、図3(c)には、実施例1、実施例2、及び実施例3の結果をそれぞれ示しており、比較のため、図3(a)~図3(c)の全てのグラフにおいて、比較例1及び比較例2の結果を示す。
サイクル試験後の各二次電池について、放電時の直流抵抗(放電DCR)を、以下のように測定した。
まず、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。その後、0.2Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.2C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.2Cとした。次に、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った(充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした)。その後、0.5Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.5C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.5Cとした。同様の充放電から1Cの電流値をI1C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化ΔV1Cを評価した。その電流値―電圧変化の3点のプロット(I0.2C、ΔV0.2C)、(I0.5C、ΔV0.5C)、(I1C、ΔV1C)に最小二乗法を用いて一次近似直線を引き、その傾きを放電DCRの値とした。300サイクル後の放電DCRの測定結果を図4に示す。
実施例1、比較例1~2の各二次電池について、上述した初回充放電を行った後、25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。その後、それらの二次電池を60℃の恒温槽中で4週間保管した。
実施例1、比較例1~2の各二次電池の体積をアルキメデス法に基づく比重計(電子比重計MDS-300、アルファミラージュ社製)により測定した。高温保存試験前の体積(V1)及び高温保存試験後25℃の環境下に30分間保持した二次電池の体積(V2)から、体積増加率を下記の式により算出した。
体積増加率(%)=V2/V1×100
60℃の恒温槽中で4週間保管した実施例1、比較例1~2の各二次電池を恒温槽から取り出し、25℃の環境下に30分間保持した後、0.1Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行った。この時の放電容量をQ2とした。上記Q1、Q2を用いて、容量維持率を下記の式を用いて算出した。
容量維持率(%)=Q2/Q1×100
Claims (14)
- 前記R1~R3の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子である、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物1分子中のケイ素原子の数は1個である、請求項1又は2に記載の電解液。
- 前記R5は窒素原子を含む有機基である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記R5は硫黄原子を含む有機基である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記環状カーボネートはビニレンカーボネートである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物の含有量及び前記環状カーボネートの含有量の合計は、前記電解液全量を基準として10質量%以下である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 正極と、負極と、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の電解液と、を備える電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は炭素材料を含有する、請求項10に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記炭素材料は黒鉛を含有する、請求項11に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は、ケイ素及びスズからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含む材料を更に含有する、請求項11又は12に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記電気化学デバイスは、非水電解液二次電池又はキャパシタである、請求項10~13のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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FR3033945B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-03-03 | Arkema France | Formulation d'electrolyte pour les batteries lithium-ion |
EP3391454B1 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2020-10-14 | Nohms Technologies, Inc. | Silane-functionalized ionic liquids and electrolytes comprising the same |
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JP2015213016A (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-26 | ソニー株式会社 | 電池、電池パック、バッテリモジュール、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置および電力システム |
JP2017538667A (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-12-28 | シラトロニクス,インコーポレイテッド | 官能化シラン及び電解質組成物及びこれらを含む電気化学デバイス |
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JPWO2020116578A1 (ja) | 2021-10-21 |
CN113366671A (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
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