WO2020103522A1 - 装配式空调墙及其运行方法 - Google Patents

装配式空调墙及其运行方法

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Publication number
WO2020103522A1
WO2020103522A1 PCT/CN2019/104210 CN2019104210W WO2020103522A1 WO 2020103522 A1 WO2020103522 A1 WO 2020103522A1 CN 2019104210 W CN2019104210 W CN 2019104210W WO 2020103522 A1 WO2020103522 A1 WO 2020103522A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
heat exchanger
air
outdoor
air duct
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/104210
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何国青
赵文杰
Original Assignee
浙江大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Priority to US16/772,181 priority Critical patent/US11874021B2/en
Priority to JP2021522395A priority patent/JP6995423B2/ja
Publication of WO2020103522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103522A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/022—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing comprising a compressor cycle
    • F24F1/027—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing comprising a compressor cycle mounted in wall openings, e.g. in windows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/029—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by the layout or mutual arrangement of components, e.g. of compressors or fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
    • F24F1/03—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by mounting arrangements
    • F24F1/0314—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by mounting arrangements mounted on a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/17—Details or features not otherwise provided for mounted in a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
    • F25B2313/0252—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units with bypasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
    • F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
    • F25B2313/0254—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in series arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of construction equipment, and relates to an integrated functional prefabricated wall construction combining air conditioning equipment and a prefabricated wall, in particular to an assembled air conditioning wall and an operation method thereof.
  • Air conditioning has become an important electrical equipment for regulating the indoor environment in modern society. With the economic development and social progress, people are no longer satisfied with the control of indoor temperature and humidity. They have begun to pursue air quality, and more and more homes or offices have begun. Install air conditioner and new fan at the same time.
  • the traditional split-type air conditioner is flexible in arrangement and installation, and its use control is also very flexible. It is widely used in office buildings and commercial and residential buildings. However, this type of air conditioner is not beautiful, its efficiency is low, and there is no fresh air. For the centralized air conditioner, although the interior decoration is improved and the fresh air is relatively easy to implement, the system layout is complicated, the engineering installation period is long, and there is no split type air conditioner for control convenience.
  • the temperature of the condensate in the air conditioner is relatively low in summer, and simply discharging it outdoors is not good for the environment, but also wastes energy.
  • the heating capacity of the air source heat pump is low, and the temperature of the external wall exposed to sunlight is often higher than the outdoor air. The rational use of this part of solar energy is conducive to the improvement of the heating capacity of the system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide an assembled air-conditioning wall.
  • An assembled air-conditioning wall includes a prefabricated wall and a heat pump system; the heat pump system is built into the prefabricated wall;
  • the prefabricated wall is provided with an inner insulation layer and an outer insulation layer;
  • the inner insulation layer is located on the side of the prefabricated wall body close to the inner wall surface, and is used to reduce the heat exchange between the prefabricated wall body and the indoor environment;
  • the outer insulation layer Located on the side of the prefabricated wall close to the outer wall;
  • the heat pump system includes a refrigerant circulation system and an air heat exchange duct;
  • the refrigerant circulation system includes an indoor heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a condensate tank, a four-way valve, a compressor, and an outdoor heat exchanger; the inlet and outlet of the compressor are respectively connected to the first flow passage opening and the second flow of the four-way valve The port is connected; the third flow port of the four-way valve is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger, the throttle valve and the indoor heat exchanger in sequence; the indoor heat exchanger is connected to the fourth flow port of the four-way valve to form a refrigerant circuit; in addition , There is also a condensate tank for receiving the condensate discharged from the indoor heat exchanger, and the upper part of the condensate tank is provided with a water outlet and communicates with the outdoor environment; the refrigerant pipe connecting the outdoor heat exchanger and the throttle valve passes through the condensation Water tank to utilize the cooling capacity of condensate in the condensate tank;
  • the air heat exchange air duct includes a return air duct and an outdoor heat exchanger air duct;
  • the return air duct is located between the inner thermal insulation layer and the inner wall; the return air duct is used to achieve heat exchange between indoor air and indoor heat exchanger; the air inlet and air outlet of the return air duct are located inside The wall surface is connected to the indoor environment; the indoor heat exchanger is located in the return air duct, and a first fan is built in the return air duct to increase the air flow of the return air duct to increase the heat exchange efficiency;
  • the outdoor heat exchanger air duct is located between the outer insulation layer and the outer wall; the outdoor heat exchanger air duct is used to achieve heat exchange between outdoor air and the outdoor heat exchanger; the air inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger air duct The air outlets are located on the outer wall and are connected to the outdoor environment; the outdoor heat exchanger is located in the outdoor heat exchanger air duct, and the outdoor heat exchanger air duct is equipped with a third fan for increasing the outdoor heat exchanger wind Air flow to increase heat exchange efficiency.
  • the prefabricated air-conditioning wall is prefabricated as a whole, and all components need to be simply combined for installation during installation.
  • the first fan is located at an upstream position of the indoor heat exchanger in the return air duct; the third fan is located at an upstream position of the outdoor heat exchanger in the outdoor heat exchanger air passage.
  • the refrigerant circulation system further includes a buried wall pipe, a first three-way valve, a first three-way pipe, a second three-way valve, and a second three-way pipe;
  • the buried wall pipe is located in a prefabricated wall body, And located between the outer insulation layer and the outer wall;
  • the first three-way valve and the first three-way pipe are provided on the refrigerant line between the third flow passage opening of the four-way valve and the outdoor heat exchanger; the third flow passage opening of the four-way valve is first connected to the first three The first flow passage opening of the through valve is connected, the second flow passage opening of the first three-way valve is connected to the first flow passage opening of the first three-way pipe, and the second flow passage opening of the first three-way pipe is then connected to the outdoor heat exchanger Connected at one end;
  • the third flow passage opening of the first three-way valve is also connected to one end of the wall buried pipe; the other end of the wall buried pipe is connected to the third flow passage opening of the second three-way valve;
  • the first flow path is connected to the third flow path of the first three-way pipe;
  • the first flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger; the second flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe is connected to the second flow passage opening of the second three-way valve; the second The third flow passage opening of the three-way pipe is connected to the throttle valve, and the refrigerant pipeline between the third flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe and the throttle valve passes through the condensed water tank.
  • the main purpose of adding the wall buried pipe is to use the solar energy in winter to increase the temperature of the refrigerant before entering the compressor and increase the COP. Secondly, in the summer, the cold stored in the wall can also be selectively used to reduce the refrigerant before throttling The temperature increases the COP.
  • the above connection method is only a specific implementation method for achieving this purpose.
  • the assembled air-conditioning wall further includes a fresh air duct; the main body of the fresh air duct is located between the inner insulation layer and the outer insulation layer; the air inlet of the fresh air duct is provided on the outer wall surface, the side of the window hole or the top surface , Connected with outdoor air; the outlet of the fresh air duct is connected to the return air duct as another inlet of the return air duct; and the outlet of the fresh air duct is provided with a fresh air valve to control the opening of the fresh air duct or Closed; the fresh air valve is controlled by an electric motor; a second fan is arranged in the fresh air duct.
  • the installation of fresh air ducts is mainly to introduce outdoor fresh air as needed.
  • the air inlet of the fresh air duct faces downward.
  • the second fan is located above the fresh air valve in the fresh air duct.
  • the condensate in the condensate tank is discharged to the outer wall
  • the fresh air valve is made of heat insulation and sound insulation material. It is further preferred that both the motor and the carbon dioxide sensor are connected to a control device, and the opening or closing of the fresh air valve can be controlled by the indoor carbon dioxide concentration.
  • the air outlet and the air inlet of the return air duct, the air outlet and the air inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger air duct, and the air inlet of the fresh air duct are provided with primary effect filters; There are also high-efficiency filters at the air outlet and the air outlet of the fresh air duct. Further preferably, the high-efficiency filter at the outlet of the return air duct is located between the low-efficiency filter and the indoor heat exchanger; the high-efficiency filter at the outlet of the fresh air duct is located between the fresh air valve and the second fan. In order to prevent dust from entering the air ducts, and can purify indoor air and outdoor air.
  • the throttle valve, condensate tank, four-way valve, compressor and outdoor heat exchanger are all placed in an integrated outdoor unit; the outdoor unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet to allow outdoor heat exchange
  • the air duct passes through the outdoor unit.
  • the outdoor unit is located in a preset embedded groove on the outside of the prefabricated wall, and a heat insulating material is provided inside the embedded groove. Used to isolate the heat generated by the outdoor unit, or to prevent the heat loss of prefabricated walls.
  • the prefabricated wall is provided with an inspection port on the inner wall and the outer wall respectively; the inspection port is provided with a cover, and the inspection port allows the primary effect filter and the high-efficiency filter to pass through.
  • the design of the access port is to facilitate later maintenance, in addition to the filter replacement.
  • the condensate tank is made of plastic. Compared with metal materials, plastic materials have lower thermal conductivity, which can prevent the dissipation of condensate cooling.
  • the return air duct is located between the inner insulation layer and the inner wall surface to minimize heat exchange.
  • the invention also provides an operation method of the assembled air-conditioning wall, which includes the following operation modes:
  • the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor; the refrigerant circuit compressed by the compressor is cooled by the wall buried pipe;
  • the refrigerant circuit bypasses the outdoor heat exchanger
  • the refrigerant circuit is cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger for secondary cooling
  • the refrigerant After cooling and cooling, the refrigerant is further cooled by the condensate tank, then enters the indoor heat exchanger through the throttle valve to expand and absorb heat, and finally returns to the compressor;
  • the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and enters the indoor heat exchanger to radiate heat; then it expands and cools down through the throttle valve;
  • the refrigerant passing through the throttle valve only absorbs heat through the outdoor heat exchanger
  • the refrigerant passing through the throttle valve absorbs heat secondarily through the outdoor heat exchanger and the buried pipe in the wall;
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a heat pump system is directly integrated inside the prefabricated wall, so that the evaporator condensate can be collected for cold recovery, and the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump system passes through the condensate tank.
  • the refrigerant can be heated
  • the lower condensate fully reduces the temperature, improves the cooling effect of the air conditioner, and improves the energy utilization rate.
  • the prefabricated wall can be further buried for wall embedding. In winter, the prefabricated wall is exposed to sunlight, and the temperature of the outer wall surface is often higher than outdoor air. Through the wall embedding tube, this part of the solar energy can be used more reasonably , Which improves the heating effect of the air conditioner itself.
  • the assembled air-conditioning wall can reduce the construction period.
  • all components of the entire prefabricated wall can be mass produced in the factory, which can ensure the installation quality.
  • Combining air-conditioning equipment with prefabricated prefabricated walls can also reduce building installation costs and energy consumption.
  • Example 1 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant circuit in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a schematic structural view of an assembled air-conditioning wall in Example 2;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant circuit in the cooling mode in Embodiment 2;
  • Example 4 is a schematic diagram of the refrigerant circuit in the heating mode in Example 2;
  • Example 5 is a schematic structural view of a condensate tank of Example 2.
  • Example 6 is a schematic diagram of an electric fresh air valve of Example 2.
  • Embodiment 1 is a simple implementation of the present invention, which provides an assembled air-conditioning wall, including a prefabricated wall and a heat pump system; the heat pump system is built into the prefabricated wall.
  • each component of the assembled air-conditioning wall has been mass-produced in the factory, and it is only necessary to assemble each component on site.
  • the assembled air-conditioning wall can reduce the construction period.
  • all components of the entire prefabricated wall can be mass produced in the factory, which can ensure the installation quality.
  • Combining air-conditioning equipment with prefabricated prefabricated walls can also reduce building installation costs and energy consumption.
  • the prefabricated wall is provided with an inner thermal insulation layer 23 and an outer thermal insulation layer 24; the inner thermal insulation layer 23 is located on the side of the prefabricated wall close to the inner wall surface to reduce the heat exchange between the prefabricated wall and the indoor environment;
  • the wall body is close to the side of the outer wall surface.
  • the double-layer insulation layer can also reduce the heat exchange between the indoor environment and the outdoor environment under natural conditions to prevent indoor overheating in summer or cold indoors in winter.
  • the heat pump system includes a refrigerant circulation system and an air heat exchange duct.
  • the refrigerant circulation system includes an indoor heat exchanger 3, a throttle valve 10, a condensate tank 11, a four-way valve 12, a compressor 13, and an outdoor heat exchanger 16.
  • FIG. 1 it is the refrigerant circuit of the device of Embodiment 1.
  • the four-way valve 12 By changing the four-way valve 12 to change the circulation direction of the refrigerant, in order to achieve the switching of its cooling and heating functions.
  • the specific connection relationship is as follows: the inlet and outlet of the compressor 13 are respectively connected to the first flow passage opening and the second flow passage opening of the four-way valve 12; the third flow passage opening of the four-way valve 12 is sequentially connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the throttle The valve 10 and the indoor heat exchanger 3; the indoor heat exchanger 3 is connected to the fourth flow passage opening of the four-way valve 12 to form a refrigerant circuit.
  • a condensed water tank 11 is provided for receiving the condensed water discharged from the indoor heat exchanger 3, and a water outlet is provided at the upper portion of the condensed water tank 11 and communicates with the outdoor environment.
  • the refrigerant pipe connecting the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the throttle valve 10 passes through the condensate tank 11 to utilize the cooling capacity of the condensate in the condensate tank, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the interface is waterproof and sealed to prevent the condensate from entering the condensate tank 11 or the condensate in the condensate tank 11 flowing out from the interface.
  • the condensate tank 11 is made of plastic material, and other materials with good thermal insulation effect can also be used instead. Compared with metal materials, plastic materials have lower thermal conductivity, which can prevent the dissipation of condensate cooling.
  • connection methods for the pipeline connection there are many different connection methods for the pipeline connection, and its components can also be replaced according to the actual situation.
  • a four-way valve can be replaced by multiple two-way valves, etc. These are all An equivalent replacement of the invention.
  • the air heat exchange air duct is used for heat exchange between the heat pump system and indoor air or outdoor air, including the return air duct and the outdoor heat exchanger air duct.
  • the return air duct is located between the inner insulation layer 23 and the inner wall; the return air duct is used to achieve heat exchange between indoor air and the indoor heat exchanger 3; the air inlet and outlet of the return air duct are located on the inner wall And connected to the indoor environment.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 3 is located in the return air duct, and the first fan 4 is built in the return air duct to increase the air flow of the return air duct to increase the heat exchange efficiency; the outdoor heat exchanger air duct is used to achieve outdoor air Heat exchange of the outdoor heat exchanger 16; the air inlet and the air outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger air duct are located on the outer wall and communicate with the outdoor environment.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is located in the outdoor heat exchanger air duct, and the third fan 14 built in the outdoor heat exchanger air duct is used to increase the air flow of the outdoor heat exchanger air duct to increase the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the first fan 4 is located at the upstream of the indoor heat exchanger in the return air duct.
  • the third fan 14 is located upstream of the outdoor heat exchanger in the outdoor heat exchanger air duct.
  • Example 2 of the present invention is a further improvement of Example 1.
  • a wall buried pipe 21 is further provided in the assembled air-conditioning wall.
  • the wall buried pipe 21 is located in the prefabricated wall body and is located between the outer thermal insulation layer 24 and the outer wall surface.
  • the wall buried tube 21 may use a heat exchange tube to recover the heat in the wall body.
  • the assembled air-conditioning wall can automatically select the corresponding refrigerant circuit according to the temperature of the prefabricated wall and the heat exchange effect of the buried tube 21, so as to more fully save energy and increase its working efficiency.
  • the buried pipe 21 is added, in winter, the temperature of the prefabricated wall is exposed to sunlight, and the temperature of the outer wall surface is often higher than the outdoor air.
  • this part of solar energy can be used more reasonably, which improves the manufacturing of the air conditioner.
  • Warm effect in summer, you can also selectively use the cold stored in the wall to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant before throttling and increase the COP.
  • the refrigerant in summer, can also use the condensate with lower temperature to fully cool down, improve the cooling effect of the air conditioner, and improve the energy utilization rate.
  • the final discharge port of the condensate in the condensate tank 11 is set on the outer wall, and the condensate flows to the wall On the wall outside the tube, the temperature of the external wall can be reduced by evaporation, and the heat exchange rate between the external wall and the air can be enhanced.
  • FIG. 2 it is a specific connection method of Embodiment 2.
  • the connection relationship between the indoor heat exchanger 3, the throttle valve 10, the condensate tank 11, the four-way valve 12, the compressor 13 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is similar to that in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described one by one.
  • the connection relationship of the buried wall 21, the method of changing the fresh air duct and its refrigerant circuit will be described in detail.
  • the refrigerant circulation system further includes a first three-way valve 17, a first three-way pipe 15, a second three-way valve 20, and a second three-way pipe 18.
  • the specific connection method is as follows: the first three-way valve 17 and the first three-way pipe 15 are provided on the refrigerant pipe between the third flow passage opening of the four-way valve 12 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
  • the third flow port of the four-way valve 12 is first connected to the first flow port of the first three-way valve 17, and the second flow port of the first three-way valve 17 is connected to the first flow port of the first three-way pipe 15.
  • the second flow passage opening of the through pipe 15 is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 again.
  • the third flow passage opening of the first three-way valve 17 is also connected to one end of the wall buried pipe 21.
  • the other end of the wall buried pipe 21 is connected to the third flow passage opening of the second three-way valve 20.
  • the first flow passage opening of the second three-way valve 20 is connected to the third flow passage opening of the first three-way pipe 15.
  • the first flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe 18 is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
  • the second flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe 18 is connected to the second flow passage opening of the second three-way valve 20.
  • the third flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe 18 is connected to the throttle valve 10, and the refrigerant line between the third flow passage opening of the second three-way pipe 18 and the throttle valve 10 passes through the condensed water tank 11.
  • Example 2 a fresh air duct is added in Example 2, which is mainly for increasing indoor air circulation to improve indoor air quality.
  • the main body of the fresh air duct is located between the inner insulation layer 23 and the outer insulation layer 24.
  • the outer thermal insulation layer 24 is used to reduce the heat exchange between the fresh air duct and the buried wall 21.
  • the air inlet of the fresh air duct is set on the outer wall and communicates with the outdoor air, and the air inlet of the fresh air duct faces downward to reduce rainwater backflow.
  • the fresh air duct can also be set on the side or top of the window hole, and the direction of the air inlet can also be changed according to demand.
  • the outlet of the fresh air duct is connected to the return air duct as another inlet of the return air duct, and the outlet of the fresh air duct is provided with a fresh air valve 6 to control the opening or closing of the fresh air duct.
  • the fresh air valve 6 is made of heat insulation and sound insulation materials, so that the heat insulation layer is continuous and soundproof and noiseproof.
  • the fresh air valve 6 is controlled by the electric motor 7, as shown in FIG.
  • a second fan 9 is also arranged in the fresh air duct, and the second fan 9 is located above the fresh air valve.
  • Both the motor 7 and the carbon dioxide sensor are connected to the control device to form a feedback control.
  • the carbon dioxide sensor is used to detect the indoor carbon dioxide concentration. When the indoor carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the preset threshold, the fresh air valve 6 opens.
  • a plurality of filters are provided to prevent dust from entering each air duct, and can purify indoor air and outdoor air.
  • the air outlet and air inlet of the return air duct, the air outlet and air inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger air duct, and the air inlet of the fresh air duct are provided with a first primary effect filter 1, a second primary effect filter 5, The third primary effect filter 19 and the fourth primary effect filter 22.
  • a first high-efficiency filter 2 and a second high-efficiency filter 8 are also provided at the air outlet of the return air duct and the air outlet of the fresh air duct respectively.
  • the first high-efficiency filter 2 at the outlet of the return air duct is located between the first primary effect filter 1 and the indoor heat exchanger 3; the second high-efficiency filter 8 at the outlet of the fresh air duct is located at the fresh air valve 6 and the second fan 9 between.
  • the throttle valve 10, the condensate tank 11, the four-way valve 12, the compressor 13, and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 are all integrated into the integrated outdoor unit.
  • the outdoor unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, so that the air channel of the outdoor heat exchanger passes through the outdoor unit.
  • these components are already integrated in the outdoor unit, and only the outdoor unit needs to be installed to simplify the installation process of the assembled air-conditioning wall.
  • the outdoor unit is located in a preset embedded groove outside the prefabricated wall, and the inside of the embedded groove is provided with a thermal insulation material. Used to isolate the heat generated by the outdoor unit, or to prevent the heat loss of prefabricated walls.
  • a repair port is also provided on the inner and outer walls of the prefabricated wall; a cover is provided on the repair port, and the repair port allows the primary effect filter and the high-efficiency filter to pass through.
  • the design of the access port is to facilitate later maintenance and to facilitate the replacement of filters.
  • the operation method of the assembled air-conditioning wall is mainly divided into a cooling mode and a heating mode.
  • the main difference is that the refrigerant flow direction is completely opposite, and there are various refrigerant circuit controllable adjustment options according to the temperature of the prefabricated wall.
  • the first flow path of the second three-way valve 20 is closed, and the refrigerant directly passes through the condensate tank 11, the throttle valve 10 and the indoor heat exchanger 3 times To the compressor 13.
  • the second flow path of the second three-way valve 20 is closed, and the refrigerant passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the condensate tank 11, and the throttling.
  • the valve 10 and the indoor heat exchanger 3 return to the compressor 13.
  • the assembled air-conditioning wall in Embodiment 2 can also be used as needed to control the fresh air channel.
  • the motor 7 controls to open the fresh air valve 6, the second fan 9 starts, and fresh air is introduced from outside; when no fresh air is needed indoors, the motor 7 controls to close the fresh air valve 6, and the second fan 9 stops rotating for indoor circulation .

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种装配式空调墙及其运行方法，包括预制墙体及热泵系统。所述热泵系统内置于预制墙体内。其中，装配式空调墙的各个组件在工厂内进行批量生产，安装时只需将各个组件组装即可。该装配式空调墙，主要包括室内换热器、节流阀、冷凝水箱、四通阀、墙埋管、压缩机及室外换热器。在夏季制冷模式下，冷凝水箱中聚集了大量的冷凝水，当制冷剂穿过冷凝水箱时，可利用冷凝水的冷量充分降温。冬季时，预制墙体经太阳光照射，其外墙面温度往往高于室外空气，通过墙埋管可较合理的利用这部分太阳能，提高空调本身的制暖效果。另外该装配式空调墙可以降低施工周期，而且其各个组件都可以在工厂中批量生产，可以保证安装质量。

Description

装配式空调墙及其运行方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑设备领域，涉及一种将空调设备和预制墙体结合的整体式功能预制墙体构建，尤其涉及一种装配式空调墙及其运行方法。
背景技术
空调已成为现代社会调节室内环境的重要电器设备，且随着经济发展与社会进步，人们已经不满足于仅仅对室内温、湿度的控制，开始追求空气品质，越来越多的家庭或办公室开始同时安装空调和新风机。
传统分体式空调布置和安装灵活，使用控制也十分灵活，广泛应用于办公建筑和商住楼。但是这种空调不美观，效率也较低，也没有新风。对于集中式空调，虽然室内装饰改善，新风也比较容易实现，但系统布置复杂，工程安装周期长，同时控制方面没有分体式空调方便。
此外，大部分情况下，夏季空调冷凝水温度较低，简单地排出室外既不利于环境美观，又会造成能源浪费。在冬天，低温天气下空气源热泵供暖能力较低，而经过阳光照射的外墙的温度往往高于室外空气，合理地使用这部分太阳能有利于系统供暖能力的提高。
建筑的发展正朝着装配式的方向发展。装配式建筑不仅施工周期短，而且整个构建都在工厂预制完成，可以保证安装质量。因此，将空调设备与装配式预制墙体有机结合既可以降低建筑安装成本和能耗，还可以保证安装质量提升设备节能效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题，并提供一种装配式空调墙。
本发明所采用的具体技术方案如下：
一种装配式空调墙，包括预制墙体及热泵系统；所述热泵系统内置于预制墙体内；
所述预制墙体设有内保温层及外保温层；所述内保温层位于预制墙体内贴近内墙面一侧，用于减少预制墙体与室内环境的热交换；所述外保温层位于预制墙体内贴近外墙面一侧；
所述热泵系统包括制冷剂循环系统及空气热交换风道；
所述制冷剂循环系统包括室内换热器、节流阀、冷凝水箱、四通阀、压缩机及室外换热器；压缩机的进口及出口分别与四通阀的第一流道口及第二流道口相连；四通阀的第三流道口依次连有室外换热器、节流阀及室内换热器；室内换热器又与四通阀的第四流道口相连，形成制冷剂回路；此外，还设有冷凝水箱用于接收室内换热器排出的冷凝水，且冷凝水箱上部设有出水口，并与室外环境连通；连接室外换热器及节流阀的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱以利用冷凝水箱中冷凝水的冷量；
所述空气热交换风道包括回风风道及室外换热器风道；
所述回风风道位于内保温层及内墙面之间；回风风道用于实现室内空气与室内换热器的热交换；所述回风风道的进风口及出风口均位于内墙面上，且与室内环境连通；所述的室内换热器位于回风风道内，且回风风道内置第一风机用于增加回风风道的空气流动，以增加热交换效率；
所述室外换热器风道位于外保温层及外墙面之间；室外换热器风道用于实现室外空气与室外换热器的热交换；所述室外换热器风道的进风口及出风口均位于外墙面上，且与室外环境连通；所述的室外换热器位于室外换热器风道内，且室外换热器风道内置第三风机用于增加室外换热器风道的空气流动，以增加热交换效率。
所述的装配式空调墙整体均预制完备，安装时只需将各组件简单结合安装即可。
进一步优选，所述的第一风机在回风风道内位于室内换热器的上风处；所述的第三风机在室外换热器风道内位于室外换热器的上风处。
作为优选，所述制冷剂循环系统还包括墙埋管、第一三通阀、第一三通管、第二三通阀及第二三通管；所述墙埋管位于预制墙体内，且位于外保温层与外墙面之间；
其具体连接关系如下：
所述第一三通阀及第一三通管设于四通阀的第三流道口与室外换热器间的制冷剂管路上；所述四通阀的第三流道口先与第一三通阀的第一流道口相连，所述第一三通阀的第二流道口与第一三通管的第一流道口相连，所述第一三通管的 第二流道口再与室外换热器的一端相连；
所述第一三通阀的第三流道口还与墙埋管的一端相连；所述墙埋管的另一端与第二三通阀的第三流道口相连；所述第二三通阀的第一流道口与第一三通管的第三流道口相连；
所述第二三通管的第一流道口与室外换热器的另一端相连；所述第二三通管的第二流道口与第二三通阀的第二流道口相连；所述第二三通管的第三流道口与节流阀相连，且所述第二三通管的第三流道口与节流阀间的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱。
加入墙埋管的主要目的是为了利用冬季的太阳能，提高进入压缩机前制冷剂的温度，增大COP，其次夏季也可以选择性地利用墙体内储存的冷量，降低节流前制冷剂的温度，增大COP。上述的连接方式仅为实现该目的的一种具体实现方式。
作为优选，该装配式空调墙还包括新风风道；所述新风风道的主体位于内保温层及外保温层之间；新风风道的进风口设于外墙面、窗洞侧面或顶面上，与室外空气连通；新风风道的出风口与所述回风风道相连，作为回风风道另一进风口；且新风风道的出风口设有新风阀门以控制新风风道的开启或关闭；所述新风阀门通过电动机控制；新风风道内布置有第二风机。新风风道的设置主要是为了根据需要引进室外新风。
进一步优选，新风风道的进风口朝下。
进一步优选，第二风机在新风风道内位于新风阀门的上风处。
作为优选，冷凝水箱中的冷凝水排至外墙面上
作为优选，所述新风阀门由保温隔音材料制成。进一步优选所述电动机与二氧化碳传感器均与控制装置相连，可以通过室内二氧化碳浓度控制新风阀门的开启或者关闭。
作为优选，所述回风风道的出风口和进风口、室外换热器风道的出风口和进风口及新风风道的进风口处设有初效过滤器；所述回风风道的出风口及新风风道的出风口处还设有高效过滤器。进一步优选，回风风道出口的高效过滤器位于低效过滤器及室内换热器之间；新风风道出口的高效过滤器位于新风阀门及第二风扇之间。以防止各风道内进灰，并且可以净化室内空气及室外进入的空气。
作为优选，所述的节流阀、冷凝水箱、四通阀、压缩机及室外换热器均置于一体式的室外机内；所述室外机上设有进风口及出风口，使得室外换热器风道通过室外机。制造时，很多组件就已集成在室外机中，可以更加简化装配式空调墙的安装流程。
作为优选，所述室外机位于预制墙体外侧的预设内嵌凹槽中，且内嵌凹槽的内部设有保温材料。用于隔离室外机产生的热量，或者防止预制墙体的热量损失。
作为优选，所述预制墙体的内墙面及外墙面上各设一个检修口；检修口上设有覆盖件，且检修口允许初效过滤器及高效过滤器通过。检修口的设计是为了便于后期维修，此外还便于更换过滤器。
作为优选，所述冷凝水箱为塑料材质。塑料材质相比于金属材质而言，其导热性能更低，可防止冷凝水冷量的耗散。
作为优选，回风风道位于内保温层及内墙面之间，尽量减少热交换。
本发明还提供了一种装配式空调墙的运行方法，包括以下运行方式：
1)热泵系统处于制冷模式下，制冷剂回路如下：
制冷剂经压缩机压缩；经压缩机压缩后的制冷剂回路经墙埋管冷却；
若制冷剂经墙埋管冷却后的温度低于室外温度，则制冷剂回路绕过室外换热器；
若制冷剂经墙埋管冷却后的温度高于室外温度，则制冷剂回路经过室外换热器二次冷却；
制冷剂经冷却降温后，经过冷凝水箱的进一步冷却后再通过节流阀进入室内换热器膨胀吸热，最后回到压缩机；
2)热泵系统处于制热模式下，制冷剂回路如下：
制冷剂经压缩机压缩后进入室内换热器放热；再通过节流阀膨胀降温；
当预制墙体温度低于室外温度时，通过节流阀的制冷剂只经室外换热器吸热；
当预制墙体温度高于室外温度时，通过节流阀的制冷剂经室外换热器及墙埋管二次吸热；
制冷剂吸热后最终回到压缩机。
本发明相对于现有技术而言，具有以下有益效果：
该装配式空调墙中，在预制墙体内部直接集成热泵系统，使得蒸发器冷凝水 能够被收集起来进行冷量回收，热泵系统的制冷剂回路穿过冷凝水箱，夏季时，制冷剂可被温度较低的冷凝水充分降温，提升空调的制冷效果，提高能量利用率。另外，预制墙体中还可以进一步埋设用于墙埋管，冬季时，预制墙体经太阳光照射，其外墙面温度往往高于室外空气，通过墙埋管可较合理的利用这部分太阳能，提高了该空调本身的制暖效果。另外该装配式空调墙可以降低施工周期。而且整个预制墙体的各个组件都可以在工厂中批量生产，可以保证安装质量。将空调设备与装配式预制墙体有机结合还可以降低建筑安装成本和能耗。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中的制冷剂回路示意图；
图2为实施例2中装配式空调墙的结构示意图；
图3为实施例2中制冷模式下的制冷剂回路示意图；
图4为实施例2中制热模式下的制冷剂回路示意图；
图5为实施例2冷凝水箱的结构示意图；
图6为实施例2电动新风阀门的示意图。
图中：1-第一初效过滤器、2-第一高效过滤器、3-室内换热器、4-第一风机、5-第二初效过滤器、6-新风阀门、7-电动机、8-第二高效过滤器、9-第二风机、10-节流阀、11-冷凝水箱、12-四通阀、13-压缩机、14-第三风机、15-第一三通管、16-室外换热器、17-第一三通阀、18-第二三通管、19-第三初效过滤器、20-第二三通阀、21-墙埋管、22-第四初效过滤器、23-内保温层、24-外保温层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步阐述和说明。
实施例1为本发明的一种简单实现方式，其提供了一种装配式空调墙，包括预制墙体及热泵系统；热泵系统内置于预制墙体内。其中，装配式空调墙的各个组件已经在工厂内进行统一的批量生产，只需现场将各个组件组装即可。另外该装配式空调墙可以降低施工周期。而且整个预制墙体的各个组件都可以在工厂中批量生产，可以保证安装质量。将空调设备与装配式预制墙体有机结合还可以降低建筑安装成本和能耗。
预制墙体设有内保温层23及外保温层24；内保温层23位于预制墙体内贴近内墙面一侧，用于降低预制墙体与室内环境的热交换；外保温层24位于预制 墙体内贴近外墙面一侧。这其中双层保温层还可以减少自然条件下的室内环境及室外环境的热交换，以防止夏天室内过热，或冬天室内过冷。
热泵系统包括制冷剂循环系统及空气热交换风道。
制冷剂循环系统包括室内换热器3、节流阀10、冷凝水箱11、四通阀12、压缩机13及室外换热器16。
如图1所示，即为实施例1装置的制冷剂回路。通过改变四通阀12来改变制冷剂的循环方向，以此来实现其制冷制热功能的切换。
其具体连接关系为：压缩机13的进口及出口分别与四通阀12的第一流道口及第二流道口相连；四通阀12的第三流道口依次连有室外换热器16、节流阀10及室内换热器3；室内换热器3又与四通阀12的第四流道口相连，形成制冷剂回路。此外，还设有冷凝水箱11用于接收室内换热器3排出的冷凝水，且冷凝水箱11上部设有出水口，并与室外环境连通。连接室外换热器16及节流阀10的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱11以利用冷凝水箱中冷凝水的冷量，如图5所示。接口处防水密封，以防冷凝剂进入冷凝水箱11或者冷凝水箱11中的冷凝水由接口处流出。当然也可以设置两条不同的路径，冬天的时候可以不经过冷凝水箱。在本实施例中，冷凝水箱11为塑料材质，也可用其他保温效果好的材料代替。塑料材质相比于金属材质而言，其导热性能更低，可防止冷凝水冷量的耗散。
但需要指出的是，其中的管路连接方式其实有多种不同的连接方法，而且其部件也可以根据实际情况进行更换，例如一个四通阀可由多个二通阀代替等等，这些均属于本发明的等同替换。
空气热交换风道用于热泵系统与室内空气或室外空气的热交换，包括回风风道及室外换热器风道。回风风道位于内保温层23及内墙面之间；回风风道用于实现室内空气与室内换热器3的热交换；回风风道的进风口及出风口均位于内墙面上，且与室内环境连通。室内换热器3位于回风风道内，且回风风道内置第一风机4用于增加回风风道的空气流动，以增加热交换效率；室外换热器风道用于实现室外空气与室外换热器16的热交换；室外换热器风道的进风口及出风口均位于外墙面上与室外环境连通。室外换热器16位于室外换热器风道内，且室外换热器风道内置第三风机14用于增加室外换热器风道的空气流动，以增加热交换效率。第一风机4在回风风道内位于室内换热器的上风处。第三风机14在室 外换热器风道内位于室外换热器的上风处。
在本发明的实施例2为实施例1的进一步改进。在实施例2中，装配式空调墙内还设有一墙埋管21，墙埋管21位于预制墙体内，且位于外保温层24与外墙面之间。墙埋管21可以采用换热管，对墙体中的热量进行回收。此实施例中，装配式空调墙可根据预制墙体温度以及墙埋管21的换热效果可自动选择相应的制冷剂回路，以更加充分地节约能量并增加其工作效率。加上墙埋管21后，冬季时，预制墙体经太阳光照射，其外墙面温度往往高于室外空气，通过墙埋管可较合理的利用这部分太阳能，提高了该空调本身的制暖效果；夏季时，也可以选择性地利用墙体内储存的冷量，降低节流前制冷剂的温度，增大COP。此外夏季时，制冷剂也可利用温度较低的冷凝水充分降温，提升空调的制冷效果，提高能量利用率，且冷凝水箱11的冷凝水最终排放口设置在外墙面上，冷凝水流至墙埋管外的墙面上可以通过蒸发降低外墙温度，增强外墙和空气的换热率。可实现上述功能的制冷剂回路设计方案多种多样，例如，在实施例2中，可以通过两个双通阀代替一个三通阀。因此不可能穷举所有可实现该功能的设计方案。所以在本发明中将只讲详细说明一种具体的实现方式，但须明确的是所有通过普通替代能实现相同功能的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。
如图2所示，为实施例2的具体连接方式。其中室内换热器3、节流阀10、冷凝水箱11、四通阀12、压缩机13及室外换热器16的连接关系与实施例1相似，所以不再一一叙述。在此，将主要对墙埋管21的连接关系、新风风道及其制冷剂回路的变化方法做详细说明。
在实施例2中制冷剂循环系统还包括第一三通阀17、第一三通管15、第二三通阀20及第二三通管18。其具体连接方式为：第一三通阀17及第一三通管15设于四通阀12的第三流道口与室外换热器16间的制冷剂管路上。四通阀12的第三流道口先与第一三通阀17的第一流道口相连，第一三通阀17的第二流道口与第一三通管15的第一流道口相连，第一三通管15的第二流道口再与室外换热器16的一端相连。第一三通阀17的第三流道口还与墙埋管21的一端相连。墙埋管21的另一端与第二三通阀20的第三流道口相连。第二三通阀20的第一流道口与第一三通管15的第三流道口相连。第二三通管18的第一流道口与室外换热器16的另一端相连。第二三通管18的第二流道口与第二三通阀20的第二 流道口相连。第二三通管18的第三流道口与节流阀10相连，且第二三通管18的第三流道口与节流阀10间的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱11。
此外实施例2中还加入了新风风道，其主要是为了增加室内的空气流通以提高室内空气的质量。新风风道的主体位于内保温层23及外保温层24之间。外保温层24用于减少新风风道与墙埋管21的热交换。新风风道的进风口设于外墙面上，与室外空气连通，且新风风道的进风口朝下，以减少雨水倒灌。此外新风风道还可以设于窗洞侧面或者顶面上，进风口的朝向也可按需求进行改变。新风风道的出风口与回风风道相连，作为回风风道另一进风口，且新风风道的出风口设有新风阀门6以控制新风风道的开启或关闭。此外新风阀门6由保温隔音材料制成，使得保温层连续且隔声防噪。新风阀门6通过电动机7控制，如图6所示。新风风道内还布置有第二风机9，且第二风机9位于新风阀门的上风处。电动机7与二氧化碳传感器均与控制装置相连，构成反馈控制，二氧化碳传感器用于检测室内二氧化碳浓度。当室内二氧化碳浓度超过预设阈值，则新风阀门6打开。
此外，实施例2中还设有多个过滤器以防止各风道内进灰，并且可以净化室内空气及室外进入的空气。回风风道的出风口和进风口、室外换热器风道的出风口和进风口及新风风道的进风口处分别设有第一初效过滤器1、第二初效过滤器5、第三初效过滤器19及第四初效过滤器22。回风风道的出风口及新风风道的出风口处还分别设有第一高效过滤器2及第二高效过滤器8。而且回风风道出口的第一高效过滤器2位于第一初效过滤器1及室内换热器3之间；新风风道出口的第二高效过滤器8位于新风阀门6及第二风扇9之间。当然，可以根据需求可对这些过滤器的型号进行替换，或者在风道的不同位置增加其数量。
除了增加墙埋管21及新风风道外，实施例2中，节流阀10、冷凝水箱11、四通阀12、压缩机13及室外换热器16均集成于一体式的室外机内。室外机上设有进风口及出风口，使得室外换热器风道通过室外机。制造时，这些组件就已集成在室外机中，仅需安装室外机可更加简化装配式空调墙的安装流程。此外，室外机位于预制墙体外侧的预设内嵌凹槽中，且内嵌凹槽的内部设有保温材料。用于隔离室外机产生的热量，或者防止预制墙体的热量损失。
预制墙体的内墙面及外墙面上还各设一个检修口；检修口上设有覆盖件，且检修口允许初效过滤器及高效过滤器通过。检修口的设计是为了便于后期维修， 此外还便于更换过滤器。
在实施例2中，该装配式空调墙的运行方法，其运行方式主要分为制冷模式及制热模式。其中最主要的区别是制冷剂的流经方向完全相反，而且根据预制墙体温度的不同还有各种不同的制冷剂回路可控调整选择。
1)如图3所示，其中当空调处于制冷模式下，四通阀12的第一流道口与第三流道口接通，四通阀12的第二流道口与第四流道口接通。制冷剂经压缩机13压缩后进入第一三通阀17。此时，第一三通阀17的第二流道关闭，制冷剂经墙埋管21降温。
若制冷剂经墙埋管21降温后，其温度低于室外温度，则第二三通阀20第一流道口关闭，制冷剂直接依次经冷凝水箱11、节流阀10及室内换热器3回到压缩机13。
若制冷剂经墙埋管21降温后，制冷剂温度还高于室外温度，则第二三通阀20的第二流道口关闭，制冷剂依次经室外换热器16、冷凝水箱11、节流阀10及室内换热器3回到压缩机13。
2)如图4所示，当热泵系统处于制热模式下，四通阀12的第一流道口与第二流道口接通，四通阀12的第三流道口与第四流道口接通。制冷剂经压缩机压缩后依次进入室内换热器3、节流阀10及冷凝水箱11；
若预制墙体温度低于室外温度时，则第二三通阀20的三个流道口均关闭，制冷剂直接经室外换热器16回到压缩机13。
若预制墙体温度高于室外温度时，则第二三通阀20的第二流道口及第一三通阀17的第二流道口关闭，制冷剂经室外换热器16及墙埋管21回到压缩机13。
此外，实施例2中的装配式空调墙还可以实际需要，控制新风通道。当室内需要新风时，电动机7控制开启新风阀门6，第二风机9启动，从室外引入新风；当室内不需要新风时，电动机7控制关闭新风阀门6，第二风机9停止转动，进行室内循环。
以上的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，然其并非用以限制本发明。有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此凡采取等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，包括预制墙体及热泵系统；所述热泵系统内置于预制墙体内；
    所述预制墙体设有内保温层(23)及外保温层(24)；所述内保温层(23)位于预制墙体内贴近内墙面一侧，用于减少预制墙体与室内环境的热交换；所述外保温层(24)位于预制墙体内贴近外墙面一侧；
    所述热泵系统包括制冷剂循环系统及空气热交换风道；
    所述制冷剂循环系统包括室内换热器(3)、节流阀(10)、冷凝水箱(11)、四通阀(12)、压缩机(13)及室外换热器(16)；压缩机(13)的进口及出口分别与四通阀(12)的第一流道口及第二流道口相连；四通阀(12)的第三流道口依次连有室外换热器(16)、节流阀(10)及室内换热器(3)；室内换热器(3)又与四通阀(12)的第四流道口相连，形成制冷剂回路；所述的冷凝水箱(11)用于接收室内换热器(3)排出的冷凝水，且冷凝水箱(11)设有出水口，并与室外环境连通；连接室外换热器(16)及节流阀(10)的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱(11)以利用冷凝水箱中冷凝水的冷量；
    所述空气热交换风道包括回风风道及室外换热器风道；所述室内换热器(3)位于回风风道内，且回风风道的进风口及出风口均位于内墙面上，与室内环境连通；所述室外换热器(16)位于室外换热器风道内，且室外换热器风道的进风口及出风口均位于外墙面上，与室外环境连通；回风风道及室外换热器风道内分别设有用于提供动力的第一风机(4)和第三风机(14)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述制冷剂循环系统还包括墙埋管(21)、第一三通阀(17)、第一三通管(15)、第二三通阀(20)及第二三通管(18)；所述墙埋管(21)位于预制墙体内，且位于外保温层(24)与外墙面之间；其具体连接关系如下：
    所述第一三通阀(17)及第一三通管(15)设于四通阀(12)的第三流道口与室外换热器(16)间的制冷剂管路上；所述四通阀(12)的第三流道口先与第一三通阀(17)的第一流道口相连，所述第一三通阀(17)的第二流道口与第一三通管(15)的第一流道口相连，所述第一三通管(15)的第二流道口再与室外换热器(16)的一端相连；
    所述第一三通阀(17)的第三流道口还与墙埋管(21)的一端相连；所述墙埋管(21)的另一端与第二三通阀(20)的第三流道口相连；所述第二三通阀(20)的第一流道口与第一三通管(15)的第三流道口相连；
    所述第二三通管(18)的第一流道口与室外换热器(16)的另一端相连；所述第二三通管(18)的第二流道口与第二三通阀(20)的第二流道口相连；所述第二三通管(18)的第三流道口与节流阀(10)相连，且所述第二三通管(18)的第三流道口与节流阀(10)间的制冷剂管路穿过冷凝水箱(11)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，还包括新风风道；所述新风风道的主体位于内保温层(23)及外保温层(24)之间；新风风道的进风口设于外墙面、窗洞侧面或顶面上，与室外空气连通；新风风道的出风口与所述回风风道相连，作为回风风道另一进风口；且新风风道的出风口设有新风阀门(6)以控制新风风道的开启或关闭；所述新风阀门(6)通过电动机(7)控制；新风风道内布置有第二风机(9)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，冷凝水箱(11)中的冷凝水排至外墙面上，所述新风阀门(6)由保温隔音材料制成。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述回风风道的出风口和进风口、室外换热器风道的出风口和进风口及新风风道的进风口处设有初效过滤器；所述回风风道的出风口及新风风道的出风口处还设有高效过滤器。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述的节流阀(10)、冷凝水箱(11)、四通阀(12)、压缩机(13)及室外换热器(16)均置于一体式的室外机内；所述室外机上设有进风口及出风口，使得室外换热器风道通过室外机。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述室外机位于预制墙体外侧的预设内嵌凹槽中，且内嵌凹槽的墙面上设有保温材料。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述预制墙体的内墙面及外墙面上各设一个检修口；检修口上设有覆盖件，且检修口允许初效过滤器及高效过滤器通过。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种装配式空调墙，其特征在于，所述回风风道位于内保温层(23)及内墙面之间。
  10. 一种如权利要求2所述装配式空调墙的运行方法，其特征在于，包括以下运行方式：
    1)热泵系统处于制冷模式下，制冷剂回路如下：
    制冷剂经压缩机(13)压缩；经压缩机(13)压缩后的制冷剂回路经墙埋管(21)冷却；
    若制冷剂经墙埋管(21)冷却后的温度低于室外温度，则制冷剂回路绕过室外换热器(16)；
    若制冷剂经墙埋管(21)冷却后的温度高于室外温度，则制冷剂回路经过室外换热器(16)二次冷却；
    制冷剂经冷却降温后，经过冷凝水箱的进一步冷却后再通过节流阀(10)进入室内换热器(3)膨胀吸热，最后回到压缩机(13)；
    2)热泵系统处于制热模式下，制冷剂回路如下：
    制冷剂经压缩机(13)压缩后进入室内换热器(3)放热；再通过节流阀(10)膨胀降温；
    当预制墙体温度低于室外温度时，通过节流阀(10)的制冷剂只经室外换热器(16)吸热；
    当预制墙体温度高于室外温度时，通过节流阀(10)的制冷剂经室外换热器(16)及墙埋管(21)二次吸热；
    制冷剂吸热后最终回到压缩机(13)。
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