WO2020098762A1 - 用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车 - Google Patents

用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098762A1
WO2020098762A1 PCT/CN2019/118664 CN2019118664W WO2020098762A1 WO 2020098762 A1 WO2020098762 A1 WO 2020098762A1 CN 2019118664 W CN2019118664 W CN 2019118664W WO 2020098762 A1 WO2020098762 A1 WO 2020098762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
substrate
box according
cavity
battery pack
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PCT/CN2019/118664
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王磊
周灵刚
陈兴地
王鹏
王德荣
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811362042.4A external-priority patent/CN111192985A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811361312.XA external-priority patent/CN111192984A/zh
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020098762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098762A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a case for a battery pack, a battery pack and an automobile.
  • the box of the power battery is usually composed of sheet metal parts or cast aluminum parts because it needs to bear the weight of the battery.
  • the battery will be subjected to various impacts from the outside.
  • the box is exposed to external shocks, the external impact force will be directly transmitted to the battery, which will cause the battery to wear and rupture for a long time, resulting in safety accidents.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a case for a battery pack, a battery pack, and an automobile, the case having a better carrying capacity and impact resistance.
  • the present application provides a case for a battery pack, the case including a wall portion that forms an accommodation space and an opening that communicates with the accommodation space, wherein the wall portion is formed by stacking two or more substrates Multiple cavities are formed between the two or more substrates.
  • the present application also provides an automobile including the battery pack as described above.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a case in the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 at an angle;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the box shown in FIG. 2 along another angle;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the area B in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a flow channel formed by multiple cavities in the box shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the box shown in FIG. 8 along the D-D direction;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the area F in the box shown in FIG. 8.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack including: a case 1, a battery assembly 2 and a cover 3.
  • the lid 3 and the box 1 form an enclosed space for accommodating the battery assembly 2.
  • the case 1 includes a wall portion 11, the wall portion 11 forms an accommodation space 10 and an opening communicating with the accommodation space 10, wherein the wall portion 11 is composed of two layers
  • the above substrates are layered, and a plurality of cavities 20 are formed between two or more substrates.
  • Two or more layers include two or more layers.
  • the substrate includes more layers, for example, three layers, a plurality of cavities 20 are formed between at least two adjacent substrates.
  • the cabinet 1 can be stamped from a metal substrate.
  • the weight of the battery assembly and its management system in the battery pack is 200 Kg or more.
  • the value of the wall thickness t of the wall portion 11 formed after the metal substrate is stamped is: : 1mm ⁇ t ⁇ 6mm.
  • t ⁇ 1 mm the wall portion 11 of the case 1 is too thin to support the battery assembly and other components in the battery pack, and is easily broken during use.
  • t> 6mm the volume occupied by the box 1 is too large, which is not conducive to the improvement of the energy density of the battery pack.
  • a plurality of cavities 20 are formed between two or more substrates to enhance the structural strength and load-bearing capacity of the cabinet 1.
  • the cavity 20 can also improve the vibration resistance performance of the box body 1.
  • the cavity 20 can absorb and disperse part of the external external impact force to achieve the effect of buffering and reducing vibration, thereby improving the overall impact resistance of the battery pack.
  • this structure can reduce the volume occupied by the box 1. Due to the limitations of the casting process, the wall thickness of the cavity structure is generally greater than 3 mm. If the cavity is formed inside, the wall thickness is at least 6 mm, which occupies a large space and is not conducive to the improvement of the energy density of the battery pack.
  • the operating environment temperature range is generally -30 ° C to 80 ° C, and the optimal use environment temperature of the power battery is 20 ° C to 40 ° C.
  • the charging of the power battery within this temperature range The discharge performance is the best, the life is the longest, and the power battery is charged below 0 °C, there is a danger of short circuit. Therefore, a reasonable battery thermal management design is critical to the performance and service life of the power battery.
  • a plurality of cavities 20 in the wall portion 11 of the casing 1 may be filled with thermally conductive materials, such as, but not limited to, phase change materials or cooling liquids with solid-liquid transition temperatures to achieve thermal management of the battery assembly 2 .
  • thermally conductive materials such as, but not limited to, phase change materials or cooling liquids with solid-liquid transition temperatures to achieve thermal management of the battery assembly 2 .
  • the structure is simple, the occupied space is small, and excessive piping joints are not required, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage.
  • the thermally conductive material placed in the cavity 20 is a liquid or a flexible material. When the box is subjected to an external force, it is transferred to the internal liquid or the flexible material through the cavity 20. Due to the high deformability of the liquid and the flexible material, It further absorbs external impact forces and further improves the impact resistance of the cabinet 1.
  • the case 1 for a battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application, by forming a plurality of cavities 20 in the wall portion 11, not only improves the carrying capacity and impact resistance of the case 1, but also can
  • the cavity 20 is filled with a phase change material or a cooling liquid to realize the thermal management of the battery assembly 2, further improve the impact resistance of the case 1, improve the mechanical performance of the case 1, and have a simple structure, light weight, and high reliability high.
  • the box 1 further includes an eaves portion 12 extending from the opening of the accommodation space 10 in a direction away from the circumference of the accommodation space 10, and the eaves portion 12 is connected to the cover body 3 to form the battery assembly 2 Enclosed space.
  • the wall portion 11 of the cabinet 1 includes a bottom wall 111 and a side wall 112 surrounding the bottom wall 111.
  • the bottom wall 111, the side wall 112, and the eaves 12 of the cabinet 1 are integrally formed to improve the sealability of the cabinet 1 and reduce the problem of seal failure caused by the connection of the cabinet 1.
  • the metal substrate can use materials with a tensile strength ⁇ ⁇ 100Mpa, such as aluminum, magnesium, iron and their alloys with a tensile strength ⁇ ⁇ 100Mpa, which can avoid the box during the molding process due to Deformation of the substrate causes local thinness or tensile fracture.
  • the elongation at break of the substrate material is ⁇ 12%, which can ensure that the substrate has a certain amount of deformation in the process of forming the side wall 112 and the eaves portion 12 of the wall portion 11 and ensure the tightness and strength of the cabinet 1. Since the battery pack will encounter a wading environment during use, in order to prevent outside water from entering the battery pack, the height of the side wall 112 should be greater than 20 mm.
  • the wall portion 11 is formed by laminating two or more substrates. Specifically, the number of substrates of the two or more substrates is two, which can further reduce the weight of the cabinet And volume.
  • the two layers of substrates are a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22 respectively.
  • the cavity 20 is composed of a convex wall 221 protruding outward on the second substrate 22 and a convex wall protruding outward on the first substrate 21 (not shown) Out) surrounded.
  • the cavity 20 is surrounded by a convex wall 221 protruding outward on the second substrate 22 and a straight wall 211 located on the first substrate 21 and corresponding to the convex wall 221.
  • the external force first acts on the convex wall 221, and the force is transmitted to the cavity 20, the second substrate 22, and the first substrate 21 through the convex wall 221, through multi-level dispersion of the force, thereby enhancing The anti-impact ability of cabinet 1.
  • the cavity 20 is surrounded by a convex wall 221 protruding outward on the second substrate 22 and a straight wall 211 located on the first substrate 21 and corresponding to the convex wall 221, which is convenient for other structures on the cabinet 1 ( Such as support, protection, etc.).
  • the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are stacked from the accommodating space 10 to the outside of the case 1, whereby the straight wall 211 of the first substrate 21 is disposed close to the battery assembly 2 of the battery pack, so that The surface of the first substrate 21 close to the battery assembly 2 is approximately flat, increasing the contact area between the first substrate 21 and the battery assembly 2 so that the force transmitted to the battery assembly 2 is evenly dispersed, thereby enhancing the battery assembly 2 To avoid the failure of the battery assembly 2 due to excessive local external impact.
  • the cavities 20 are formed between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 through an inflation molding process.
  • the substrate material is aluminum or aluminum alloy with an elongation at break ⁇ 20%.
  • the tensile strength ⁇ 1 of the material of the first substrate 21 ⁇ the tensile strength ⁇ 2 of the material of the second substrate 22 is convenient for controlling the deformation amount of the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 in the inflation process, so that the first substrate 21 A relatively straight flat wall 211 is formed.
  • the convex wall 221 on the second substrate 22 includes a top 2211 and a side 2212 connected to the top 2211.
  • the top 2211 is a flat or curved surface, and the top 2211 and the side 2212 transition smoothly.
  • the top 2211 is preferably a flat surface, which can increase the contact area between the convex wall 221 and the outside world, which is conducive to the uniform dispersion of the external force and prevents the external force from acting on the highest point of the convex wall 221 and causing the convex wall 221 to break.
  • the smooth transition between the top 2211 and the side 2212 is beneficial to the dispersion of force, and increases the stability of the convex wall 221 to avoid excessive local force, which may cause the convex wall 221 to deform or rupture.
  • the ratio of the wall thickness t1 of the straight wall 211 to the wall thickness t2 of the convex wall 221 is: 0.5 ⁇ t2 / t1 ⁇ 1; when t2 / t1> 1, when the cavity 20 is formed by inflation, the first The substrate 21 is easily twisted and deformed, causing the surface of the first substrate 21 close to the battery assembly 2 to be deformed and unable to be attached to the battery assembly 2; when t2 / t1 ⁇ 0.5, during use, due to the convexity formed by the second substrate 22 If the wall 221 is too thin, the convex wall 221 is easily broken, causing the cavity 20 to fail to seal.
  • the value range of the height h of the cavity 20 is: h ⁇ 5 ⁇ t1.
  • the second substrate 22 is easy to swell and rupture.
  • the ratio range of the height h and the width W of the cavity 20 is: h / W ⁇ 0.5, and when the height h is too high, the first substrate 21 is easily twisted and deformed.
  • the height h is too low, the fluid flow resistance increases, and the thermal management effect of the battery assembly 2 decreases.
  • a spherical corner 113 is formed between the bottom wall 111 and the two adjacent side walls 112. Since the thickness of the molded wall at the spherical corner 113 is thin, it is not conducive to the arrangement of the cavity 20. In addition, the spherical corner 113 is easily damaged under the impact of external force. In order to avoid the damage of the spherical corner 113 and affect the sealing of the cavity 20, the minimum distance between the intersection line between the adjacent two side walls 112 and the cavity 20 d ⁇ 25mm, in order to weaken the external force transmitted from the spherical corner 113 to the cavity 20.
  • the minimum distance d between the cavity 20 formed on the bottom wall 111 near the side wall 112 and the side wall 112 is 25 mm or more, to prevent the spherical angle 113 from being affected
  • the force causes the cavity 20 to rupture, thereby causing the problem of seal failure, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the wall portion 11 of the cabinet 1 includes the bottom wall 111 and the side wall 112 surrounding the peripheral side of the bottom wall 111.
  • the cavity 20 may be formed on the bottom wall 111, the side wall 112, or the bottom wall 111 and the side wall 112. By reasonably arranging the distribution and area of the cavity 20, the impact resistance of the battery pack can be improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the cavity 20 formed on the bottom wall 111 as an example for description.
  • a plurality of cavities 20 formed on the bottom wall 111 communicate with each other to form a flow channel R.
  • the side wall 112 of the box 1 is provided with an inlet tube 13 and an outlet tube 14, the inlet tube 13 and the outlet tube 14 communicate with the two ends of the flow channel R, and the inlet tube 13 and the outlet tube 14 are located on the same side of the side wall 112 , Thereby reducing the overall size of the box 1.
  • the structure of the inlet pipe 13 and the outlet pipe 14 are the same or similar. Taking the inlet pipe 13 as an example, the inlet pipe 13 is provided with an installation step 131 and a welding step 132 at intervals, and the inlet pipe 13 is fixed on the side wall 112 by the welding step 132.
  • the step 131 is electrically connected to external equipment.
  • multiple cavities 20 may form multiple liquid inlet flow channels and multiple liquid return flow channels arranged side by side on the bottom wall 111, and the multiple liquid intake flow channels and multiple liquid return channels One end of the flow channel communicates with each other, and the other end is connected to the inlet tube 13 and the outlet tube 14 respectively to form a plurality of parallel U-shaped flow channels.
  • the entire battery assembly 2 can be heated by the phase change material or the cooling liquid in the flow channel management.
  • the liquid inlet confluence area R1 is a cavity 20 formed between the side wall 112 and the bottom wall 111, and the cavity 20 is formed between the first substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 by an inflation molding process And, the liquid inlet confluence area R1 communicates with a plurality of liquid inlet flow channels arranged side by side.
  • the battery pack is further provided with a temperature control device to control the temperature of the phase change material.
  • a temperature control device to control the temperature of the phase change material.
  • the phase change material in the cavity 20 is heated to release heat energy during the process of changing from the solid state to the liquid state, thereby providing heat for the battery assembly 2 , So that the battery assembly 2 can be quickly heated after the vehicle is parked in a cold environment.
  • the temperature of the battery assembly 2 of the battery pack is higher than the maximum target temperature, by reducing the temperature of the phase change material in the cavity 20, so as to absorb the heat energy of the battery assembly 2 during the process of changing from the liquid state to the solid state, thereby The heat of the battery assembly 2 can be quickly removed.
  • the temperature distribution of the entire battery assembly 2 is uniform, which improves the thermal management effect of the battery assembly 2.
  • the plurality of liquid inlet flow paths and the plurality of liquid return flow paths arranged side by side may or may not communicate with each other.
  • the flow channel formed by the plurality of cavities 20 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 6, for example, it may also be an S-shaped flow channel, a zigzag flow channel, etc., depending on the battery assembly 2 in the battery pack.
  • the structure has a reasonable layout of the paths of the flow channels formed by the multiple cavities 20, which will not be repeated here.
  • the box 1 is also applicable to the cavity 20 formed on the side wall 112
  • the structure is also applicable to the structure in which the cavity 20 is formed on the bottom wall 111 and the side wall 112, and will not be described in detail.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a case 1 for a battery pack, which is similar in structure to the case 1 shown in FIG. 3, except that an island 30 is provided in the cavity 20.
  • FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 Please refer to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 together, taking a plurality of cavities 20 formed on the bottom wall 111 as an example for description.
  • the plurality of cavities 20 on the bottom wall 111 communicate with each other to form a flow channel R.
  • the convex wall 221 includes a top 2211 and a side 2212 connected to the top 2211.
  • the top 2211 is a flat or curved surface
  • the top 2211 and the side 2212 are smoothly transitioned
  • the convex wall 221 corresponding to the island 30 is attached On the straight wall 211.
  • Part of the external force acting on the convex wall 221 can be transmitted to the first substrate 21 via the island 30, which can further improve the impact resistance of the cavity 20 and the cabinet 1, and at the same time can increase the molding rate of the cabinet 1 to avoid the cavity 20
  • the distortion of the box 1 is damaged.
  • the circumferential side of the island 30 smoothly transitions to the convex wall 221, which can also reduce the resistance of the coolant or liquid phase change material flowing through the side of the island 30.
  • the plurality of cavities 20 communicate with each other to form a flow channel R, and the island 30 is located in the flow channel R.
  • the number of islands 30 is plural, and the plurality of islands 30 are arranged in one row or two or more rows along the longitudinal direction of the flow channel R.
  • the multiple islands 30 effectively enhance the pressure resistance of the cavity 20, and can ensure that a plurality of turbulent flows are formed when the coolant or liquid phase change material flows through the flow path formed by the cavity 20, which makes the temperature distribution on the wall portion 11 more Uniformity improves the heat exchange efficiency of the battery assembly 2.
  • the length dimension of the island 30 is L
  • the width dimension is W1
  • the ratio of the length and width of the island 30 is 2 ⁇ L / W1 ⁇ 5, wherein the value range of the length dimension L is: 5mm ⁇ L ⁇ 15mm
  • the case 1 for a battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application, by providing islands 30 in the plurality of cavities 20 of the wall portion 11, not only can the structural strength of the case 1 and the cavity 20 be improved, but also the cavity can be changed
  • the flow rate and flow rate of the fluid in 20 make the temperature distribution on the wall portion 11 more uniform, improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery assembly 2, and further improve the thermal management effect of the battery pack.
  • any of the above-mentioned cases 1 for a battery pack includes a support member 15 that is fixed to the bottom wall 111.
  • the support member 15 is provided with a plurality of screw holes to fix the battery assembly 2
  • the rack is provided with a through hole, and the battery assembly 2 is fixed in the accommodation space 10 through the screw hole through the screw.
  • the lid 3 is closed to the opening of the case 1 to form an enclosed space for accommodating the battery assembly 2 with the accommodation space 10 of the case 1.
  • a thermally conductive adhesive may be coated between the inner surface of the bottom wall 111 and the battery assembly 2 to quickly transfer heat between the battery assembly 2 and the cavity 20.
  • the cabinet 1 further includes a protective member 16, which is fixed to the edge of the cabinet 1 by bypassing the cavity 20 to support the entire cabinet 1, and protects the cavity 20 from being injured by external components, and can also be protected by The piece 16 fixes the battery pack to the entire vehicle or other parts.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an automobile, which includes the battery pack as described above, which improves the safety and reliability of the automobile.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电池包的箱体（1）、电池包及汽车，箱体（1）包括壁部（11），壁部（11）形成容纳空间（10）及与容纳空间（10）连通的开口，壁部（11）由两层以上的基板层叠形成，两层以上的基板之间形成有多个空腔（20）。用于电池包的箱体（1），通过在壁部（11）上形成有多个空腔（20），既提高了箱体（1）的承载能力及抗冲击能力，还可以通过在多个空腔（20）内填充相变材料或者冷却液来实现电池集合体的热管理，改善了箱体（1）的机械性能，且重量较轻，可靠性较高。另外，电池包采用如前所述的箱体（1），提高了电池包的安全性。

Description

用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2018年11月15日提交的名称为“用于电池包的箱体及电池包”的中国专利申请201811362042.4及201811361312.X的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车。
背景技术
随着电动汽车行业的快速发展，动力电池的需求量越来越大，动力电池的性能要求也不断提高。作为电动汽车的核心部件，动力电池系统的安全性、续航能力和充电效率将直接影响到电动汽车的整车性能与使用寿命。
现有技术中，动力电池的箱体由于需要承受电池的重量，通常由钣金件或者铸铝件组成。但是，在汽车行驶过程中，电池会受到来自外部的各种冲击，箱体在遭受外部冲击时会直接将外部冲击力传递给电池，长期会导致电池的磨损、破裂，从而引发安全事故。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车，该箱体具有较好的承载能力及抗冲击能力。
为此，本申请提供了一种用于电池包的箱体，该箱体包括壁部，壁部形成容纳空间及与容纳空间连通的开口，其中，壁部由两层以上的基板层叠形成，两层以上的基板之间形成有多个空腔。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种电池包，其包括：电池集合体；如前所述的任一种箱体；盖体，盖合于箱体的开口，以与箱体的容纳空间形成容纳电池集合体的封闭空间。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种汽车，该汽车包括如前所述的电池包。
本申请提供的一种用于电池包的箱体及电池包，通过在箱体的壁部上形成有多个空腔，既提高了箱体的承载能力及抗冲击能力，还可以通过在多个空腔内填充入相变材料或者冷却液来实现电池集合体的热管理，进一步提升箱体的抗冲击性能，改善了电池包的热管理效率，且结构简单、重量较轻、可靠性较高。另外，本申请提供的一种汽车，采用如前所述的电池包，提高了汽车的安全性和可靠性。
附图说明
从下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式的描述中可以更好地理解本申请，其中：
通过阅读以下参照附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显,其中，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的特征。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电池包的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的电池包中的一种箱体沿一个角度的结构示意图；
图3是图2所示的箱体沿另一个角度的结构示意图；
图4是图3所示的箱体沿A-A方向的剖视图；
图5是图4所示的剖视图中的区域B的放大结构示意图；
图6是图3所示的箱体中的多个空腔形成的流道的结构示意图；
图7是图6所示的箱体沿C-C方向的剖视图；
图8是图1所示的电池包中的另一种箱体的结构示意图；
图9是图8所示的箱体沿D-D方向的剖视图；
图10是图9所示的剖视图中的区域E的放大结构示意图；
图11是图8所示的箱体中的区域F的放大结构示意图。
其中：
1-箱体；
10-容纳空间；
11-壁部；
111-底壁；
112-侧壁；
113-球形角；
12-檐部；
13-进口管；
131-安装台阶；
132-焊接台阶；
14-出口管；
15-支撑件；
16-防护件；
20-空腔；
21-第一基板；
211-平直壁；
22-第二基板；
221-凸壁；
2211-顶部；
2212-侧部；
30-孤岛；
2-电池集合体；
3-盖体；
R-流道；
R1-进液汇流区；
R2-出液汇流区。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。下面的详 细描述中公开了许多具体细节，以便全面理解本申请。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说，很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置和算法，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素、部件和算法的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
为了更好地理解本申请，下面结合图1至图11对本申请实施例的用于电池包的箱体和电池包进行详细描述。
请一并参阅图1、图2和图3，本申请实施例提供了一种电池包，其包括：箱体1、电池集合体2和盖体3。盖体3与箱体1形成容纳电池集合体2的封闭空间。
本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池包的箱体1中，箱体1包括壁部11，壁部11形成容纳空间10及与容纳空间10连通的开口，其中，壁部11由两层以上的基板层叠形成，两层以上的基板之间形成有多个空腔20。两层以上包括两层或者更多层。当基板包括更多层时，例如三层，至少相邻的两层基板之间形成有多个空腔20。
箱体1可以采用金属基板冲压而成，一般情况下，电池包内部的电池集合体及其管理系统等重量在200Kg以上，金属基板冲压后形成的壁部11的壁厚t的取值范围为：1mm≤t≤6mm。当t＜1mm时，箱体1的壁部11过薄，无法承载电池包内的电池集合体及其他部件，且在使用过程中容易破裂。当t＞6mm时，箱体1所占体积过大，不利于电池包能量密度的提升。为了在有限的空间内提高箱体1的结构强度，通过在两层以上的基板之间形成多个空腔20以提升箱体1的结构强度和承载能力。
相比于在箱体1的壁部11上设置加强筋的技术方案来说，该结构在提高箱体1的刚度和强度的同时，空腔20还可提升箱体1的抗振动冲击性能。当电池包遭受外界撞击时，空腔20可以吸收和分散部分外界外来冲击力，达到缓冲减振的效果，从而提升电池包的整体抗冲击性。相比于铸铝挤出工艺形成的空腔结构，该结构可以减小箱体1的所占体积。由于铸造工艺 的限制，在形成空腔结构时，其壁厚一般都要大于3mm，若内部形成空腔，其壁厚至少为6mm以上，占用空间大，不利于电池包的能量密度的提升。
另外，对于使用动力电池的电动汽车来说，其使用环境温度范围一般为-30℃～80℃，动力电池的最佳使用环境温度为20℃～40℃，在此温度区间内动力电池的充放电性能最佳，寿命最长，并且0℃以下对动力电池进行充电，存在短路的危险。因此，合理的电池热管理设计对动力电池的性能和使用寿命至关重要。
为此，可以在箱体1的壁部11的多个空腔20内置入导热材料，例如但不限于具有固-液转变温度的相变材料或者冷却液，以实现电池集合体2的热管理。相对于现有技术中一般通过内置/外置的水冷系统进行电池集合体2的热管理的技术方案来说，结构简单、占用空间小，不需要过多的管路接头，避免了泄漏风险。优选地，置于空腔20内的导热材料为液体或柔性材质，当箱体遭受外力冲击时，通过空腔20传递给内部液体或柔性材质，由于液体、柔性材质的变形性较高，可进一步吸收外来冲击力，进一步提升箱体1的抗冲击能力。
本申请实施例提供的用于电池包的箱体1，通过在壁部11上形成有多个空腔20，既提高了箱体1的承载能力及抗冲击能力，还可以通过在多个空腔20内填充相变材料或者冷却液来实现电池集合体2的热管理，进一步提升箱体1的抗冲击性能，改善了箱体1的机械性能，且结构简单、重量较轻、可靠性较高。
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本申请实施例提供的用于电池包的箱体1的具体结构。
再次参阅图1和图2，箱体1还包括由容纳空间10的开口向远离容纳空间10的周侧方向延伸的檐部12，檐部12与盖体3连接，以形成容纳电池集合体2的封闭空间。
箱体1的壁部11包括底壁111和围合于底壁111周侧的侧壁112。具体地，箱体1的底壁111、侧壁112及檐部12为一体成型的结构，以提升箱体1的密封性，降低箱体1因连接引起的密封失效问题。
为了保证电池包的结构强度及承重要求，金属基板可以采用抗拉强度 σ≥100Mpa的材料，如抗拉强度σ≥100Mpa的铝、镁、铁及其合金，可避免箱体在成型过程中由于基板变形造成局部过薄或拉伸断裂。优选地，基板材料的断裂伸长率≥12％，可保证基板在形成壁部11的侧壁112及檐部12的过程中具有一定的变形量，保证箱体1的密封性和强度。由于电池包在使用过程中会遭遇涉水环境，为避免外界水浸入电池包内，侧壁112的高度应大于20mm。
请一并参阅图3和图4，如前所述，壁部11由两层以上的基板层叠形成，具体地，两层以上的基板的层数为两层，可进一步减小箱体的重量和体积。该两层基板分别为第一基板21和第二基板22，空腔20由第二基板22上向外凸起的凸壁221和位于第一基板21上向外凸起的凸壁(未示出)围成。或者，空腔20由第二基板22上向外凸起的凸壁221和位于第一基板21上并与凸壁221相对应的平直壁211围成。由此，当电池包遭受撞击时，外力先作用在凸壁221上，通过凸壁221将力传递至空腔20、第二基板22和第一基板21，通过力的多级分散，从而提升箱体1的抗冲击能力。优选地，空腔20由第二基板22上向外凸起的凸壁221和位于第一基板21上并与凸壁221相对应的平直壁211围成，便于箱体1上其他结构(如支撑件、防护件等)的设置。
更加优选地，第一基板21和第二基板22由容纳空间10至箱体1的外部方向层叠，由此，第一基板21的平直壁211靠近电池包的电池集合体2设置，以使第一基板21靠近电池集合体2的表面近似为平面，增大第一基板21和电池集合体2之间的接触面积，使传递至电池集合体2的力均匀分散，从而提升电池集合体2的安全性，避免因局部外力冲击过大造成电池集合体2失效。
为了保证形成于基板之间的多个空腔20的密封性，优选地，空腔20通过吹胀成型工艺形成于第一基板21与第二基板22之间。为了避免空腔20的凸壁221吹胀破裂，进一步优选地，基板材料为断裂伸长率≥20％的铝或者铝合金。优选地，第一基板21材料的抗拉强度σ1≥第二基板22材料的抗拉强度σ2，便于在吹胀工艺中控制第一基板21和第二基板22的变形量，使得第一基板21形成相对平直的平直壁211。
参阅图5，第二基板22上的凸壁221包括顶部2211和与顶部2211连接的侧部2212，顶部2211为平面或者弧形面，顶部2211与侧部2212圆滑过渡。顶部2211优选为平面，可以增大凸壁221与外界的接触面积，利于外力的均匀分散，避免外力作用在凸壁221的最高点处，造成凸壁221的破裂。顶部2211与侧部2212圆滑过渡，有利于力的分散，且增加凸壁221的稳定性，避免局部作用力过大，致使凸壁221变形或破裂。
进一步地，平直壁211的壁厚t1与凸壁221的壁厚t2的比值范围为：0.5≤t2/t1≤1；当t2/t1＞1时，吹胀形成空腔20时，第一基板21容易扭曲变形，导致第一基板21靠近电池集合体2的表面变形，无法与电池集合体2贴合；当t2/t1＜0.5时，在使用过程中，由于第二基板22形成的凸壁221过薄，在凸壁221的部位容易破裂，造成空腔20密封失效。空腔20的高度h的取值范围为：h≤5×t1。该高度h＞5×t1，第二基板22易吹胀破裂。空腔20的高度h与宽度W的比值范围为：h/W≤0.5，该高度h过高时，第一基板21容易扭曲变形。该高度h过低时，流体流动阻力增大，电池集合体2的热管理效果降低。
另外，箱体1由金属基板冲压成型后，底壁111与相邻的两个侧壁112之间形成球形角113，由于球形角113处的成型壁厚较薄，不利于布置空腔20。另外，球形角113易在外力冲击下破损，为了避免因球形角113损坏而影响空腔20的密封性，相邻的两个侧壁112之间的交线与空腔20之间的最小距离d≥25mm，以减弱外力由球形角113处传递至空腔20的作用力。例如，当多个空腔20设置于底壁111上时，底壁111上形成的靠近侧壁112的空腔20与侧壁112之间的最小距离d≥25mm，以避免由于球形角113受力致使空腔20破裂，从而引起密封失效的问题，如图4所示。
如前所述，箱体1的壁部11包括底壁111和围合于底壁111周侧的侧壁112。空腔20可以形成于底壁111上，也可以形成于侧壁112，还可以形成于底壁111和侧壁112上。通过合理的布置空腔20的分布和面积，可以提升电池包的抗冲击能力。为了便于描述，本申请实施例以空腔20形成于底壁111为例进行说明。
请一并参阅图6和图7，底壁111上形成的多个空腔20相互连通以形 成流道R。箱体1的侧壁112上设置有进口管13和出口管14，进口管13和出口管14分别与流道R的两端连通，且进口管13和出口管14位于侧壁112的同侧，从而减小箱体1的整体尺寸。进口管13和出口管14结构相同或者类似，以进口管13为例，进口管13上间隔设置有安装台阶131和焊接台阶132，进口管13通过焊接台阶132固定于侧壁112上，通过安装台阶131与外界设备电连接。
作为一种可选的实施方式，多个空腔20可以在底壁111上形成并排布置的多条进液流道和多条回液流道，并且多条进液流道与多条回液流道的一端相互连通，另一端分别连接至进口管13和出口管14，以形成并联的多条U形流道，通过流道内的相变材料或者冷却液可以对整个电池集合体2进行热管理。
以空腔20内置入冷却液为例，进口管13和出口管14的一端分别与冷却液输入和输出设备相连接，另一端对应的壁部11附近分别形成有相互隔离的进液汇流区R1和出液汇流区R2，以提高冷却液在各流道的流速。如图7所示，进液汇流区R1为形成于侧壁112与底壁111之间的空腔20，该空腔20通过吹胀成型工艺形成于第一基板21与第二基板22之间，并且该进液汇流区R1与并排布置的多条进液流道连通。类似的，出液汇流区R2为形成于侧壁112与底壁111之间的空腔20，该空腔20通过吹胀成型工艺形成于第一基板21与第二基板22之间，并且该出液汇流区R2与并排布置的多条回液流道连通。冷却液通过进口管13导入到进液汇流区R1，再沿图6中的箭头分别进入并排布置的进液流道内，并在进液流道的末端转弯后再沿图6中的箭头分别进入并排布置的出液流道内，并在出液流道的末端汇集到出液汇流区R2，最后从出口管14排出。由于冷却液在从进口管13流动到出口管14的过程中温度逐渐升高，靠近进液流道处的箱体1与靠近出液流道处的箱体1一般会有温差，因此，这种流道的布局可使电池集合体2的温度相对均匀。
以空腔20内置入相变材料为例，电池包进一步设置有温控装置，以控制相变材料的温度。当电池包的电池集合体2的温度低于最低目标温度时，通过加热空腔20内的相变材料，使之在由固态转变为液态的过程中释放热 能，从而为电池集合体2提供热量，以便于车辆停泊在寒冷环境下后可以快速加热电池集合体2。当电池包的电池集合体2的温度高于最高目标温度时，通过降低空腔20内的相变材料的温度，使之在由液态转变为固态的过程中吸收电池集合体2的热能，从而可以快速移除电池集合体2的热量。整个电池集合体2的温度分布均匀，提高了电池集合体2的热管理效果。
另外，当空腔20内置入相变材料时，并排布置的多条进液流道和多条回液流道可以相互连通，也可以互不连通。
需要说明的是，多个空腔20形成的流道不限于图6所示的示例，例如还可以为S形流道、回字形流道等，具体可根据电池包内的电池集合体2的结构合理布局多个空腔20形成的流道的路径，不再赘述。
虽然以上为了方便描述，以空腔20形成于底壁111作为示例进行了说明，但应理解的是，根据本申请的示例性实施例的箱体1同样适用于空腔20形成于侧壁112的结构，也适用于空腔20形成于底壁111和侧壁112的结构，不再赘述。
参阅图8，本申请实施例还提供了一种用于电池包的箱体1，其与图3所示的箱体1结构类似，不同之处在于，空腔20内设置有孤岛30。
请一并参阅图8和图9，仍旧以多个空腔20形成于底壁111上为例进行说明。底壁111上的多个空腔20相互连通以形成流道R。
壁部11包括为第一基板21和第二基板22，第一基板21和第二基板22由容纳空间10至箱体1的外部方向层叠，空腔20由第二基板22上向外凸起的凸壁221和位于第一基板21上并与凸壁221相对应的平直壁211围成，孤岛30由凸壁221朝向平直壁211凹陷而成。第二基板22通过沿相反的方向分别形成凸壁221和形成孤岛30，可以提高第二基板22的刚度，提升箱体1的承载能力。
进一步地，参阅图10，凸壁221包括顶部2211和与顶部2211连接的侧部2212，顶部2211为平面或者弧形面，顶部2211与侧部2212圆滑过渡，孤岛30对应的凸壁221附接于平直壁211上。作用于凸壁221的部分外力可经由孤岛30传递至第一基板21，可进一步提高空腔20和箱体1的抗冲击性，同时还可提升箱体1的成型率，避免由于空腔20的扭曲变形损 坏箱体1。另外，孤岛30的周侧与凸壁221圆滑过渡，还可以减小冷却液或者液态的相变材料流经孤岛30周侧的阻力。
进一步地，当空腔20内设有孤岛30时，空腔20的容积相对减小。为了提升空腔20的容积，空腔20的高度h与宽度W的比值范围可设置为：h/W≤1。
多个空腔20相互连通以形成流道R，孤岛30位于流道R内。孤岛30的数量为多个，多个孤岛30沿流道R的长度方向排列成一列或者两列以上。多个孤岛30有效增强了空腔20的耐压性能，并且可以保证冷却液或者液态的相变材料流经空腔20形成的流道时形成多股湍流，使壁部11上的温度分布更加均匀，提高了电池集合体2的换热效率。
参阅图9，孤岛30附接于平直壁211的部分的形状为长条或者椭圆，长条的长边或者椭圆的长轴平行于流道R的长度方向设置。在吹胀成型过程中，介质沿流道R的长度方向移动，孤岛30的长轴沿流道R的长度方向设置，可提升流道R的成型率，长条或椭圆形状可相对增大孤岛30与第一基板21的接触面积，避免吹胀成型过程中孤岛30变形。
优选地，孤岛30的长度尺寸为L，宽度尺寸为W1，孤岛30的长度与宽度的比值范围为2≤L/W1≤5，其中，长度尺寸L的取值范围为：5mm≤L≤15mm，孤岛30的长度或者宽度尺寸过大时，会增加空腔20内的流动阻力，长度或者宽度尺寸过小，容易导致空腔20吹胀破裂，或者空腔20的结构强度不足。
孤岛30的中心与空腔20的单侧边缘之间的距离为第一间距L1，第一间距L1≥孤岛30的宽度尺寸W1。当多个孤岛30沿流道R的长度方向排列成两列以上，相邻的两列孤岛30的中心之间的距离为第三间距L3，且L3≥W1。当L3＜W1时，容易导致空腔20吹胀破裂。
在流道R的长度方向上，每列中相邻的两个孤岛30之间的距离为第二间距L2。优选地，第二间距L2≥第一间距L1，当第二间距L2＜第一间距L1时，容易导致空腔20吹胀破裂。
本申请实施例提供的用于电池包的箱体1，通过在壁部11的多个空腔20内设置孤岛30，不仅能够提高箱体1和空腔20的结构强度，还可以改 变空腔20内流体的流量和流速，使壁部11上的温度分布更加均匀，提高了电池集合体2的换热效率，进一步改善电池包的热管理效果。
再次参阅图2，上述用于电池包的任一种箱体1均包括支撑件15，支撑件15固定于底壁111上，支撑件15上设置有多个螺纹孔，电池集合体2的固定架上设置有通孔，通过螺钉穿过该螺纹孔将电池集合体2固定于容纳空间10内。盖体3盖合于箱体1的开口，以与箱体1的容纳空间10形成容纳电池集合体2的封闭空间。
为了进一步提高电池集合体2的热管理效果，底壁111的内表面与电池集合体2之间可以涂覆导热胶，以使热量在电池集合体2与空腔20之间快速传递。
箱体1还包括防护件16，防护件16绕过空腔20固定于箱体1的边缘处，以支撑整个箱体1，保护空腔20免于被外界部件碰伤，同时也可以通过防护件16将电池包固定于整车或其他部件。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池包，其采用如前所述的任一种箱体1，既提高了电池包的承载能力及抗冲击能力，还改善了电池包的热管理效果，且结构简单、重量较轻、可靠性较高。
另外，本申请实施例还提供了一种汽车，该汽车包括如前所述的电池包，提高了汽车的安全性和可靠性。
本领域技术人员应能理解，上述实施例均是示例性而非限制性的。在不同实施例中出现的不同技术特征可以进行组合，以取得有益效果。本领域技术人员在研究附图、说明书及权利要求书的基础上，应能理解并实现所揭示的实施例的其他变化的实施例。在权利要求书中，术语“包括”并不排除其他装置或步骤；物品没有使用数量词修饰时旨在包括一个/种或多个/种物品，并可以与“一个/种或多个/种物品”互换使用”；术语“第一”、“第二”用于标示名称而非用于表示任何特定的顺序。权利要求中的任何附图标记均不应被理解为对保护范围的限制。权利要求中出现的多个部分的功能可以由一个单独的硬件或软件模块来实现。某些技术特征出 现在不同的从属权利要求中并不意味着不能将这些技术特征进行组合以取得有益效果。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种用于电池包的箱体，包括壁部，所述壁部形成容纳空间及与所述容纳空间连通的开口，其中，所述壁部由两层以上的基板层叠形成，两层以上的所述基板之间形成有多个空腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其中，所述基板包括第一基板和第二基板，所述空腔由所述第二基板上向外凸起的凸壁和位于所述第一基板上并与所述凸壁相对应的平直壁围成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述空腔内设置有孤岛。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛由所述凸壁朝向所述平直壁凹陷而成，且所述孤岛对应的所述凸壁附接于所述平直壁上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛的周侧与所述凸壁圆滑过渡。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述第一基板和所述第二基板由所述容纳空间至所述箱体的外部方向层叠设置。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述凸壁包括顶部和连接于所述顶部的侧部，所述顶部为平面或者弧形面，所述顶部与所述侧部圆滑过渡。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述壁部的壁厚t的取值范围为：1mm≤t≤6mm，所述平直壁的壁厚t1与所述凸壁的壁厚t2的比值范围为：0.5≤t2/t1≤1。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述空腔的高度h的取值范围为：h≤5×t1，t1为所述平直壁的壁厚。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述空腔的高度h与宽度W 的比值范围为：h/W≤1，优选地，h/W≤0.5。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述壁部包括底壁和围合于所述底壁周侧的侧壁，所述箱体还包括由所述容纳空间的开口向远离所述容纳空间的周侧方向延伸的檐部，且所述底壁、所述侧壁与所述檐部为一体成型结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的箱体，其中，相邻的两个所述侧壁之间的交线与所述空腔之间的最小距离d≥25mm。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的箱体，其中，所述多个空腔相互连通以形成流道，所述孤岛位于所述流道内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛的数量为多个，多个所述孤岛沿所述流道的长度方向排列成一列或者两列以上。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛附接于所述平直壁的部分的形状为长条或者椭圆，所述长条的长边或者所述椭圆的长轴平行于所述流道的长度方向。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛的长度尺寸为L，宽度尺寸为W1，所述孤岛的长度与宽度的比值范围为：2≤L/W1≤5，其中，长度尺寸L的取值范围为：5mm≤L≤15mm。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的箱体，其中，所述孤岛的中心与所述空腔的单侧边缘之间的距离为第一间距L1，所述第一间距L1≥所述孤岛的宽度尺寸W1。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的箱体，其中，在所述流道的长度方向上，每列中相邻的两个所述孤岛之间的距离为第二间距L2，所述第二间距L2≥第一间距L1。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的箱体，其中，所述箱体的所述侧壁上设置有进口管和出口管，所述进口管和所述出口管分别与所述流道的两端连通， 且所述进口管和所述出口管位于所述侧壁的同侧。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其中，所述基板的材料的抗拉强度σ≥100Mpa，所述基板的材料的断裂伸长率≥12％。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的箱体，其中，所述基板的材料的断裂伸长率≥20％。
  22. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其中，所述空腔通过吹胀成型工艺形成于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间。
  23. 一种电池包，包括：
    电池集合体；
    如权利要求1至22任一项所述的箱体；
    盖体，盖合于所述箱体的所述开口，以与所述箱体的容纳空间形成容纳所述电池集合体的封闭空间。
  24. 一种汽车，包括如权利要求23所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2019/118664 2018-11-15 2019-11-15 用于电池包的箱体、电池包及汽车 WO2020098762A1 (zh)

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