WO2020098469A1 - 活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带 - Google Patents

活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098469A1
WO2020098469A1 PCT/CN2019/113174 CN2019113174W WO2020098469A1 WO 2020098469 A1 WO2020098469 A1 WO 2020098469A1 CN 2019113174 W CN2019113174 W CN 2019113174W WO 2020098469 A1 WO2020098469 A1 WO 2020098469A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
channel section
closing element
protrusion
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/113174
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭鑫
徐俊
Original Assignee
延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811362754.6A external-priority patent/CN111196243B/zh
Application filed by 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 filed Critical 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
Publication of WO2020098469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098469A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B60R22/4628—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B60R22/4628—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators
    • B60R22/4633—Linear actuators, e.g. comprising a piston moving along reel axis and rotating along its own axis
    • B60R2022/4638—Linear actuators, e.g. comprising a piston moving along reel axis and rotating along its own axis comprising a piston moving along or in parallel to the reel axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston for a seat belt pretensioning function, a seat belt retractor including such a piston, and a pretensioned seat belt including such seat belt retractor.
  • the device according to the invention is used in particular in motor vehicles, but can also be used in aircraft, water vehicles, amusement facilities or other facilities.
  • Seat belts are standard safety protection devices in motor vehicles. They provide protection for occupants during motor vehicle emergencies, especially in the event of a collision.
  • conventional seat belts when the occupant wears the seat belt, there is a certain gap between the webbing and the body of the occupant. This gap has an adverse effect on the occupant's safety protection function in an emergency of the motor vehicle.
  • a pre-tensioned seat belt has been developed on the basis of conventional seat belts, which pre-tensions the webbing when a motor vehicle emergency is about to occur or is occurring, reducing the gap between the webbing and the occupant ’s body, limiting Shift.
  • the pre-tensioned seat belt can cooperate with the activation of the airbag to provide better protection for the occupants.
  • Common pre-tensioned seat belts include a gas generator and a piston.
  • gas generator When the gas generator is triggered, gas is generated sharply. The generated gas pushes the piston on the back side. The piston pushes the reel of the seat belt retractor through the transmission connection. The assembly rotates in the winding direction, thereby realizing the pretensioning function of the seat belt.
  • gas pressure is too high, on the one hand, it may cause damage to the components of the seat belt retractor, on the other hand, it may form an excessive preload and thus cause injury to the occupant.
  • a seat belt retractor with a pretensioning function in which the piston has a narrow opening in the peripheral wall on the back side, which opening is closed and can be released when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded.
  • the gas flow is basically not deflected and consumes energy, and the gas flow bypasses the piston through the bypass. Flames carried by the airflow may also escape through this opening.
  • Patent document CN103097205B also discloses a seat belt retractor with a pretensioning function, in which a gas flow channel is formed in the piston, which is closed by a closing element and can be released when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded .
  • a gas flow channel is formed in the piston, which is closed by a closing element and can be released when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded .
  • the pressure is too large, part of the gas is released through the gas flow channel, wherein the gas flow generally flows through the gas flow channel in the axial direction of the piston and flows out from the front side of the piston without being properly deflected and consumes energy
  • the flame of the gas generator may also escape through the gas flow channel.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a piston for a seat belt pretensioning function, whereby the seat belt pretensioning function can be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is also to provide a seat belt retractor including such a piston and a pre-tensioned seat belt including such seat belt retractor.
  • a piston for the seat belt pretensioning function having a front side, a circumferential side and a back side, and a gas flow formed in the piston that connects the back side to the front side or the circumferential side in flow
  • the gas flow channel is closed by a closing element and can be released when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, the gas flow channel is provided with a dissipation structure for dissipating the energy of the gas flow flowing from the gas flow channel.
  • a smooth pressure relief can be achieved through the gas flow channel, and through the smooth pressure relief, the webbing can finally establish an appropriate pre-pressure on the body Tightening force to avoid injury caused by excessive pre-tightening force. It is possible to control the pressure release while slowing the pressure drop during pressure release while suppressing the flames that may be carried by the air flow when the pressure is released.
  • the dissipation structure includes at least one of the following three dissipation structures:
  • the gas flow channel can comprise a plurality of identical or different sections.
  • the gas flow channel includes a first channel segment and a second channel segment downstream of the first channel segment.
  • the gas flow channel can also be constructed to have substantially the same cross-section continuously.
  • the second channel section has at least one of the following characteristics:
  • the second channel section has a larger cross-sectional dimension than the first channel section
  • the second channel section has one or more outlets provided on the circumferential side of the piston
  • the second channel section has a surface opposite to the outlet of the first channel section, and the airflow discharged from the outlet of the first channel section can impinge on the surface.
  • the surface can be formed as a flat surface, a dome, or a dome that is curved toward the first channel section.
  • the outlet direction of the gas flow channel has at least one of the following two characteristics:
  • the throttle portion includes at least one of the following two throttle portions:
  • the number of the baffles is multiple, and each baffle forms a labyrinth structure for the airflow.
  • the closing element is provided on the inlet or outlet of the first channel section, or between the inlet and the outlet of the first channel section, the closing element The first channel section is released when the predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded.
  • the closing element can be formed as a separate component or integrally with the body of the piston.
  • the closing element can be configured as a closing element that ruptures when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, or as a valve that opens when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded.
  • the first channel section extends linearly in the axial direction of the piston, or linearly at an angle to the axial direction of the piston, or the first channel
  • the section has a curved central axis.
  • the first channel section is arranged coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the piston or eccentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the piston.
  • the body of the piston may include a plurality of piston parts.
  • the body of the piston may include a first piston part and a second piston part.
  • the first channel section is formed in the first piston part, and the second channel section is formed partially or completely between the first piston part and the second piston part or only in the second Composed in the piston part.
  • the first piston component may include:
  • annular groove indented on its front side, said annular groove surrounding the outlet of the first channel section.
  • the first protrusion is an annular body, or the first protrusion is a plurality of protrusions distributed on the periphery of the outlet of the first channel section.
  • the first piston member includes the first protrusion and the annular groove, and an inner surface of the annular groove and an outer surface of the first protrusion transition to each other.
  • the closing element can be designed as a bowl-shaped element, the closing element comprising a bottom and a peripheral wall, the closing element covering the outlet of the first channel section.
  • the closing element may be configured as a bowl-shaped element, the closing element includes a bottom and a peripheral wall, the closing element covers the outlet of the first channel section, the closing element The inner surface of the peripheral wall rests on the outer surface of the first protrusion and / or the inner surface of the annular groove.
  • the second piston part rests on the bottom of the closing element. Therefore, the closing element can be pressed against the outlet of the first channel section.
  • the first piston part and the second piston part are connected to each other in a form-locking and / or force-locking and / or material-locking manner.
  • the first piston part includes a second protrusion protruding on the front side thereof, the second protrusion surrounds the outlet of the first channel section, and the second piston part is connected On the second protrusion.
  • the second protrusion is an annular body, or the second protrusion is a plurality of protrusions surrounding the outlet of the first channel section.
  • the first piston part comprises on its front side a radially inner annular body as a first protrusion and a radially outer annular body as a second protrusion.
  • the radially outer annular body projects farther from the front side of the first piston part than the radially inner annular body.
  • the second piston part includes a peripheral wall and a bottom wall on its rear side.
  • the peripheral wall is engaged with the second protrusion radially outside and / or radially inside the second protrusion.
  • the front side of the first piston part and the peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the second piston part collectively define the second passage section.
  • the peripheral wall of the second piston member and the second protrusion collectively define one or more outlets of the gas flow channel.
  • the central axis of the outlet of the first channel section is perpendicular to the bottom wall or forms an included angle of not less than 60 °, especially not less than 70 °, especially not less than 80 °.
  • the peripheral wall of the second piston part may have a notch.
  • the gap constitutes the throttle.
  • the bottom wall of the second piston part has a slope that slopes toward the front side of the second piston part in the region of the recess.
  • the inclined surface is inclined at an angle between 20 ° and 70 ° relative to the plane of the bottom wall.
  • the piston may include a spherical recess on the front side, which is configured to support a sphere as a transmission element.
  • the piston can comprise a back-side ring body, which can be designed to bear against the inner wall of the tubular element which receives the piston.
  • a seat belt retractor which includes a bracket and a reel drum assembly and a gas generator rotatably supported in the bracket, the seat belt retractor further includes a A piston with a seat belt preload function, the gas generator and the piston are accommodated in a tubular element, the piston is drivingly connected to the reel assembly, and when the gas generator is triggered, the piston can be driven by the generated gas And thus the piston can drive the reel assembly to rotate in the winding direction.
  • the seat belt retractor includes a transmission gear provided on the reel assembly without relative rotation and spheres successively received in the tubular element one after another, the spheres can Driven by the piston, the sphere can drive the transmission gear when shooting from the outlet of the tubular element.
  • the object is also achieved by a pre-tensioned seat belt, which includes the seat belt retractor according to the present invention, and the webbing can be wound and unwound on the reel assembly.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a seat belt retractor according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG 2 shows an assembly diagram of the seat belt retractor according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of a piston according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of the piston shown in FIG. 3 in an assembled state
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view according to the cross-sectional line A-A in FIG. 4;
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the piston shown in Figures 3 to 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the closing element
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a closing element
  • Figure 10 schematically depicts the orientation of the outlet of the gas flow channel.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a seat belt retractor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an assembly view of the seat belt retractor according to FIG. 1 with the side cover 5 omitted for better description.
  • the tubular element 6 cooperates with the transmission gear 4.
  • the seat belt retractor comprises a bracket 1 which is in particular designed as a U-shaped bracket, which can be fixed in a motor vehicle, for example in a seat.
  • the reel assembly 2 is rotatably supported in the holder 1, and a webbing not shown can be wound on the reel assembly 2 and can be pulled out from the reel assembly 2.
  • a spline shaft 3 can be formed on one axial end of the reel assembly 2, and the transmission gear 4 is sleeved on the spline shaft 3 without relative rotation, so that it can rotate together with the reel assembly 2.
  • the side cover 5 may be fixed on the bracket 1 for covering the axial end of the tape reel assembly 2.
  • the tubular element 6 can be configured as a coiled tube in order to realize a predetermined length of the tubular element 6 in a limited space.
  • the spheres 7 as transmission elements, in particular metal spheres, are received and held in the tubular element 6 one after the other.
  • the outlet of the tubular element 6 is aligned with the teeth of the transmission gear 4 so that the sphere 7 meshes with the teeth of the transmission gear 4 when ejected from the tubular element 6, driving the transmission gear 4 to rotate and thereby causing the reel assembly 2 to Rotate in the winding direction.
  • FIG. 1 only one sphere 7 projected from the outlet of the tubular element 6 is depicted schematically.
  • the cogging of the transmission gear 4 can in particular be designed as a ball socket in order to achieve a particularly good meshing of the ball 7 with the transmission gear 4.
  • the piston 9 is arranged in the inlet-side end region of the tubular element 6, and the gas generator 8 is also arranged in this end region or is connected externally to the inlet-side end of the tubular element 6.
  • the transmission connection between the piston 9 and the reel assembly 2 may also take other forms.
  • the piston 9 may drive a rack that meshes with the transmission gear 4.
  • the rack can in particular be designed as a flexible rack, which can be guided on a curved track.
  • other transmission connection methods that can convert the linear motion of the piston 9 into the rotary motion of the reel assembly 2 are also conceivable.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of the piston shown in FIG. 3 in an assembled state
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the piston shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the piston shown in FIG. 3 includes three components, namely a first piston component 10, a second piston component 11 and a closing element 12, wherein the first piston component 10 and the second piston component 11 constitute the body of the piston.
  • the first piston part 10 can comprise a back-side annular body 15 which can be conically enlarged towards the back-side and the outer circumferential surface of the ring-shaped body can be substantially sealed against the tubular element 6 at least over part of its axial length
  • the chamber 14 surrounded by the annular body 15 is in fluid connection with the exhaust outlet of the gas generator 8.
  • the pressure of the generated gas can press the outer circumferential surface of the annular body 15 against the inner wall of the tubular element 6 to form an automatic seal between the piston 9 and the tubular element 6.
  • a first channel section 13 (see FIG. 5) is formed in the first piston part 10, which penetrates the first piston part 10 as a through hole.
  • the through hole may extend in the axial direction or may be inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the through hole can be arranged centrally or eccentrically.
  • the outlet of the first passage section 13 may protrude from the front side of the first piston member 10 to form a first protrusion 16.
  • the first protrusion may be, for example, an annular body, or alternatively, it may be a plurality of ring segments spaced apart from each other.
  • the cross section of the first channel section may be circular or oval or square or other shapes.
  • a second protrusion 17 also protrudes on the front side of the first piston member 10.
  • the second protrusion 17 is, for example, an annular body. Alternatively, it may be a plurality of ring segments spaced apart from each other.
  • the second protrusion 17 surrounds the first protrusion 16 radially outward and may extend more than Go further.
  • annular shoulder 18 is formed between the first protrusion 16 and the second protrusion 17, and an annular groove 19 surrounding the first protrusion 16 is formed in the annular shoulder 18.
  • the inner surface of the annular groove 19 and the outer surface of the first protrusion 16 transition to each other, for example, they may jointly form a cylindrical surface.
  • the closing element 12 can be formed as a separate component or can be formed integrally with the body of the piston, in particular with the first piston component 10.
  • the closing element 12 can be arranged, for example, on the inlet or the outlet of the first channel section 13 or between the inlet and the outlet of the first channel section 13.
  • the closing element 12 is configured as a bowl-shaped element.
  • the closing element 12 includes a bottom 12 a and a peripheral wall 12 b.
  • the closing element 12 covers the first protrusion 16.
  • the closing element 12 Its open edge is embedded in the annular groove 19.
  • the inner surface of the peripheral wall 12 a of the closing element 12 may rest on the outer surface of the first protrusion 16 and the inner surface of the annular groove 19.
  • the closing element 12 can be hermetically covered on the outlet of the first channel section 13 or it can establish an automatic seal under gas pressure when the gas generator is triggered.
  • the closing element 12 for example, its bottom 12 a or its peripheral wall 12 b can be destroyed when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, thereby releasing the first channel section 13 and thus the entire gas flow channel. It is possible that the bottom portion 12a of the closing element 12 has a weakened portion that is detached from the bottom portion 12a when a predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, and the perforation formed thereby may form a throttle portion, but may not form a throttle portion.
  • the bottom 12a of the closing element 12 has a tear line, and when the predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, the bottom 12a tears along the tear line; it is also possible that when the predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, The bottom 12a of the closing element 12 is cut by sharp edges or punctured by a pin-shaped element.
  • the second piston member 10 includes a peripheral wall 21 on the back side and a bottom wall 22 which is inserted onto the second protrusion 17.
  • the peripheral wall 21 may be configured as a double wall, and the second wall 17 includes the second protrusion 17.
  • the peripheral wall 21 may also be configured as a single-layer wall, which is connected to the second protrusion 17 radially outside or radially inside the second protrusion 17.
  • the second piston part 11 can have a pressing point for pressing against the closing element 12.
  • This pressing point can be designed, for example, as a shoulder for pressing on the circumferential edge of the bottom 12 a of the closing element 12. This shoulder may be provided on the peripheral wall 21 of the second piston member 11, for example.
  • the front side of the first piston part 10, the peripheral wall 21 and the bottom wall 22 of the second piston part 11 collectively define a second channel section 20, which is downstream of the first channel section.
  • the second channel section 20 can be formed as a chamber, which has an outlet or a plurality of distributed outlets on the front or circumferential side of the piston.
  • an outlet is described in FIGS. 4-6.
  • two or more outlets are also possible, it is particularly preferred that these outlets are evenly distributed in the same plane on the circumferential side of the piston.
  • the peripheral wall 21 of the second piston member 11 and the second protrusion 17 collectively define the outlet of the gas flow channel.
  • the peripheral wall 21 of the second piston member 11 may have a notch 23, and in the region of the notch 23, there is a gap 25 between the bottom wall 22 of the second piston member 11 and the second protrusion 17, the gap 25 constituting a throttle.
  • the size of the gap 25 is small, so it is simplified by a line in FIG. 6.
  • the notch 23 may be formed as an open notch as shown in FIG. 3, or may be formed as an open hole that is closed around. Only one notch 23 is described in FIGS. 4 to 6, and two or more notches 23 are of course also possible.
  • the piston 9 may have a single-stage throttle portion or a multi-stage throttle portion, for example, may include a throttle portion formed by the closing element 12 when the closing element 12 releases a gas flow channel and a gap 25 Constrained throttle.
  • the outlet of the gas flow channel can also be realized, for example, by an opening in the second housing part with or without a throttling function, which makes the second channel section 20 and the second housing part On the circumferential side or the front side.
  • the outlet of the gas flow channel can also be realized, for example, by a gap in the second housing part, for example an axial gap, or a gap in the second protrusion 17 in the region of the recess 23, for example an axial gap ,
  • the gap has a throttling function.
  • the bottom wall 22 of the second piston member 11 may have an inclined surface 24 inclined toward the front side of the second piston member in the region of the notch 23, and the inclined surface 24 may be inclined between 20 ° and 70 ° relative to the plane of the bottom wall 22 Angle.
  • the inclined surface 24 can appropriately guide the gas discharged from the outlet of the gas flow channel.
  • the second piston part 11 may include a spherical recess 26 on the front side, which is configured to support the sphere 7 as a transmission element.
  • the second piston part 11 includes, on the front side, a radially inner protrusion and a radially outer annular body, which respectively form a portion 26a, 26b of the recess 26.
  • the spherical surface area of the recess may be between 10% and 45%, for example 30%, of a complete spherical surface area with the same radius.
  • the recess 26 and the spherical body 7 are in planar contact or multi-point center symmetrical contact, which can prevent unstable movement of the piston 9 during high-speed movement.
  • the gas generator 8 in the event of a motor vehicle collision, the gas generator 8 is triggered, the rapidly generated gas drives the piston 9, the piston 9 and the tubular element 6 establish a seal, and the piston 9 drives each other
  • the spheres 7 that are successively accommodated in the tubular element 6 are successively ejected from the exit of the tubular element 6 and impact the transmission gear 4 so that the take-up drum assembly 2 rotates in the winding direction and thus the webbing is placed on the occupant's body Pretension.
  • the closing element 12 releases the first channel section 13 and the gas flow impinges on the bottom wall 22 after passing through the first channel section 13, where part of the energy is dissipated, and then Part of the energy is dissipated again when passing through the gap 25 formed as a throttle, and then part of the energy is dissipated again when it hits the inner wall of the tubular element 6.
  • the process of impact, deflection and throttling of the airflow it is also possible to suppress or even extinguish the flames that may be carried by the airflow.
  • the wall surrounding the gas flow channel may be made of an ablative material, or contain an ablative material, or be provided with a coating made of an ablative material.
  • the first piston part 10 and the second piston part 11 and the closing element 12 can be made separately and then assembled, wherein the first piston part 10 and the first
  • the two-piston component 11 can be materially connected by bonding or ultrasonic welding, form-locked by snap-fit connection, or force-locked by interference fit.
  • the entire piston body is integrally molded, and the closing element is then integrally molded in the piston body or applied as a separate component in the piston body.
  • the two piston parts of the piston body are not divided in the lateral direction of the piston, but in the longitudinal direction.
  • the rear half of the piston body and half of the front half are on the first piston part, and the other half of the front half of the piston body is on the second piston part, the first The piston part and the second piston part may each have a part of the second channel section.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a closing element 12 configured as a valve, the valve comprising a valve disc 27 a supported on the outlet of the first channel section 13, an elongated stem 27 b and A support 27c, such as a rod-shaped or cross-shaped support, is supported in the wall of the first channel section 13 or in the region of the inlet of the first channel section 13.
  • the valve disc 27a clings to the outlet of the first passage section 13 with a pre-tightening force. When the pressure is lower than the predetermined pressure, the valve disc 27a remains close to the outlet.
  • valve disc 27a When the predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, the valve The deformation of the component, for example, by the deformation of at least one of the valve disc 27a, the stem 27b, and the support 27c, the valve disc 27a no longer closes the outlet, thereby releasing the first passage section 13. When the pressure drops below the predetermined pressure, the valve can be reset and thereby close the first passage section 13 again.
  • the valve disk 27a can have a size that is significantly larger than the outlet of the first passage section, so that when the valve is opened, not only can the valve disk additionally deflect the air flow, but the valve opening can additionally have a throttle function.
  • Any component of the valve may be configured to be elastic or rigid, and may be elastically deformed or plastically deformed.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the closing element 12, which is configured as a disk, has a slightly larger size than the entrance of the first channel section 13, and is attached to the first channel section 13 On the entrance.
  • the closing element 12 may include a central weak point 28. When the predetermined pressure is reached or exceeded, the weak point 28 falls off, thereby releasing the first channel section 13, and the small hole formed in the closing element at this time can constitute a throttle point.
  • the weak portion 28 may be provided eccentrically. Multiple distributed weak points are also feasible.
  • the closing element 12 is made integrally with the first piston part 10 in a position between the inlet and the outlet of the first channel section 13, for example by injection molding. If necessary, weak parts such as rated breaking points or tear lines can be additionally formed on the closing element 12 after injection molding.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic partial view of an embodiment of a dissipative structure in which a plurality of baffles 29 are partially overlapped with each other in a gas flow channel, and the gas flow when passing through the labyrinth structure formed by these baffles 29 The meander flows so that the energy contained in the airflow is partially dissipated.
  • Figure 10 schematically depicts the orientation of the outlet of the gas flow channel.
  • the outlet direction F2 of the gas flow channel forms an angle ⁇ of approximately 120 ° with the inlet direction F1 of the gas flow channel, and forms an angle ⁇ between approximately 30 ° with the normal L of the inner wall of the tubular element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于安全带预紧功能的活塞（9），其具有前侧、圆周侧和背侧以及在活塞（9）中构成的、将背侧与前侧或圆周侧流动连接的气体流动通道，气体流动通道被封闭元件（12）封闭并且在达到或超过预定压力时能被释放，气体流动通道设有用于耗散从气体流动通道流过的气流的能量的耗散结构。在碰撞事故中由气体发生器（8）产生的气体的压力过大时，通过气体流动通道能够实现平稳的泄压，在控制压力释放的同时，减缓压力释放的压降，同时抑制在压力释放时可能被气流携带的火焰。还提供了一种安全带卷收器和一种预紧式安全带。

Description

活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于安全带预紧功能的活塞、一种包括这样的活塞的安全带卷收器以及一种包括这样的安全带卷收器的预紧式安全带。按本发明的装置特别是应用在机动车中，但也可以应用在飞行器、水上交通工具、游乐设施或其他设施中。
背景技术
安全带是在机动车中标准配置的安全防护装置，在机动车紧急状况时特别是在发生碰撞时对乘员提供保护。在常规的安全带中，在乘员佩戴安全带时，在织带与乘员身体之间具有一定的间隙，这种间隙在机动车紧急状况时对乘员的安全保护功能有不利的影响。为此，在常规的安全带的基础上发展了预紧式安全带，其在机动车紧急状况即将发生时或者正在发生时将织带预紧，减小织带与乘员身体的间隙，限制乘员身体的移位。预紧式安全带可以与安全气囊的启动相互配合，对乘员提供更加良好的保护。
常见的预紧式安全带包括气体发生器和活塞，气体发生器被触发时急剧地产生气体，产生的气体在背侧推动活塞，所述活塞通过传动连接推动安全带卷收器的卷带筒组件朝卷收方向旋转，从而实现安全带的预紧功能。当气体压力过大时，一方面可能对安全带卷收器的部件造成损害，另一方面可能形成过大的预紧力并且从而造成对乘员的伤害。
由专利文献CN102596652B已知一种具有预紧功能的安全带卷收器，其中，活塞在背侧在周壁上具有狭窄的开口，该开口被封闭并且在达到或超过预定的压力时能被释放。在此，在压力过大时，部分气体直接通过开口被释放，气流基本上没有被偏转和消耗能量，气流通过旁路绕过活塞。被气流携带的火焰也可能通过该开口逸出。
由专利文献CN103097205B也已知一种具有预紧功能的安全带卷收器，其中，在活塞中构成气体流动通道，该气体流动通道被封闭元件封闭并且在达到或超过预定的压力时能被释放。在此，在压力过大时，部分气体通过气体流动通道被释放，其中，气流总体上在活塞的轴向方向上流过气体流动通道，从活塞前侧流出，没有被适宜地偏转和消耗能量，气体发生器的火焰也可能通过该气体流动通道逸出。
发明内容
从现有技术出发，本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，借此能够改进安全带预紧功能。本发明的目的还在于，提供一种包括这样的活塞的安全带卷收器和一种包括这样的安全带卷收器的预紧式安全带。
所述目的通过一种用于安全带预紧功能的活塞达到，所述活塞具有前侧、圆周侧和背侧以及在活塞中构成的、将背侧与前侧或圆周侧流动连接的气体流动通道，所述气体流动通道被封闭元件封闭并且在达到或超过预定压力时能被释放，所述气体流动通道设有用于耗散从气体流动通道流过的气流的能量的耗散结构。
通过本发明的技术方案，在由气体发生器产生的气体的压力过大时，通过气体流动通道能够实现平稳的泄压，通过平稳的泄压，最终可以使得织带在乘员身体上建立适宜的预紧力，避免过大的预紧力对乘员造成伤害。可能的是，在控制压力释放的同时，减缓压力释放时的压降，同时抑制在压力释放时可能被气流携带的火焰。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述耗散结构包括以下三种耗散结构之中的至少一个：
a)所述气体流动通道的用于使气流偏转的延伸走向；
b)在所述气体流动通道中的节流部；和
c)在所述气体流动通道中的挡板。
作为替换或补充，也可能的是，在气体流动通道中构成两个并联支路，这两个支路的出口彼此隔开距离地对置，从这两个支路的出口排出的两个支流彼此相撞，由此可以产生能量的耗散。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述气体流动通道可以包括多个相同的或不同的区段。优选地，所述气体流动通道包括第一通道区段和在第一通道区段下游的第二通道区段。作为替换，所述气体流动通道也可以构造成连贯地具有基本上相同的横截面。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二通道区段具有以下特征之中的至少一个特征：
a)第二通道区段与第一通道区段相比具有更大的横截面尺寸；
b)第二通道区段具有一个或多个设置在活塞的圆周侧上的出口；和
c)第二通道区段具有与第一通道区段的出口对置的表面，从第一通道区段的出口排出的气流能冲击到所述表面上。例如所述表面可以构成为平面、穹顶或者朝向第一通道区段拱曲的拱顶。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述气体流动通道的出口方向具有以下两个特征之中的至少一个特征：
a)与气体流动通道的入口方向形成20°～160°之间、例如30°～150°、优选60°～120°、例如90°的角度，和
b)与用于容纳活塞的管形元件的内壁的法线形成0°～70°之间、优选0°～60°、尤其是0°～30°例如5°、10°、15°或20°的夹角。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述节流部包括以下两个节流部之中的至少一个：
a)由所述封闭元件在释放气体流动通道时形成的节流部，和
b)在所述气体流动通道的出口中构成的节流部。
因此可以实现单级的、双级的或更多级的节流部。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述挡板的数量为多个，各挡板对于气流形成迷宫结构。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，在所述第一通道区段的入口或出口上，或者在第一通道区段的入口与出口之间，设有所述封闭元件，所述封闭元件在达到或超过预定压力时释放第一通道区段。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述封闭元件可以构成为单独的部件，或者与活塞的本体一体地构成。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述封闭元件可以构成为在达到或超过预定压力时发生破裂的封闭元件，或者构成为在达到或超过预定压力时开启的阀。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一通道区段在活塞的轴向方向上直线地延伸，或者相对于活塞的轴向方向成角度地直线地延伸，或者所述第一通道区段具有弯曲的中心轴线。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一通道区段与活塞的纵轴线同轴地设置，或者相对于活塞的纵轴线偏心地设置。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述活塞的本体可以包括多个活塞部件。优选 地，所述活塞的本体可以包括第一活塞部件和第二活塞部件。优选地，所述第一通道区段在第一活塞部件中构成，所述第二通道区段部分地或完全地在所述第一活塞部件与第二活塞部件之间构成或者仅在第二活塞部件中构成。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一活塞部件可以包括：
在其前侧伸出的第一突起，所述第一突起形成第一通道区段的出口；和/或
在其前侧缩进的环形沟槽，所述环形沟槽围绕第一通道区段的出口。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一突起是一个环形体，或者所述第一突起是多个在第一通道区段的出口的周边上分布的突起。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一活塞部件包括所述第一突起和所述环形沟槽，所述环形沟槽的内表面与所述第一突起的外表面彼此过渡。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述封闭元件可以构成为碗状元件，所述封闭元件包括底部和周壁，所述封闭元件罩在第一通道区段的出口上。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述封闭元件可以构成为碗状元件，所述封闭元件包括底部和周壁，所述封闭元件罩在第一通道区段的出口上，所述封闭元件的周壁的内表面靠置在所述第一突起的外表面和/或所述环形沟槽的内表面上。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二活塞部件靠置在所述封闭元件的底部上。因此可以将封闭元件压紧在第一通道区段的出口上。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一活塞部件和第二活塞部件形锁合地和/或力锁合地和/或材料锁合地彼此连接。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一活塞部件包括在其前侧伸出的第二突起，所述第二突起围绕第一通道区段的出口，所述第二活塞部件连接在所述第二突起上。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二突起是一个环形体，或者所述第二突起是多个围绕第一通道区段的出口的突起。
特别有利的是，第一活塞部件在其前侧包括一个作为第一突起的径向内部的环形体和一个作为第二突起的径向外部的环形体。优选地，径向外部的环形体与径向内部的环形体相比从第一活塞部件的前侧伸出得更远。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二活塞部件在其背侧包括周壁和底壁。优选地，所述周壁在第二突起的径向外部和/或径向内部与第二突起接合。优选地， 所述第一活塞部件的前侧以及所述第二活塞部件的周壁和底壁共同地限定所述第二通道区段。优选地，所述第二活塞部件的周壁和第二突起共同地限定所述气体流动通道的一个或多个出口。优选地，第一通道区段的出口的中心轴线与底壁垂直或者构成不小于60°、尤其是不小于70°、特别是不小于80°的夹角。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二活塞部件的周壁可以具有缺口。优选地，在所述缺口的区域中，在第二活塞部件的底壁与第二突起之间具有间隙。优选地，所述间隙构成所述节流部。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第二活塞部件的底壁在所述缺口的区域中具有朝第二活塞部件的前侧倾斜的斜面。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述斜面相对于底壁的平面倾斜20°～70°之间的角度。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述活塞可以包括前侧的球面形的凹座，所述凹座构造成用于支撑作为传动元件的球体。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述活塞可以包括背侧的环形体，所述背侧的环形体可以构造成用于贴靠在容纳活塞的管形元件的内壁上。
所述目的还通过一种安全带卷收器达到，其包括支架和可旋转地支撑在支架中的卷带筒组件以及气体发生器，所述安全带卷收器还包括按本发明的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，所述气体发生器和活塞容纳在管形元件中，所述活塞与卷带筒组件传动连接，在气体发生器被触发时，所述活塞能被产生的气体驱动并且从而所述活塞能驱动卷带筒组件朝卷收方向旋转。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述安全带卷收器包括在卷带筒组件上无相对转动地设置的传动齿轮和彼此相继地容纳在管形元件中的球体，所述球体能被活塞驱动，所述球体能在从管形元件的出口射出时驱动传动齿轮。
所述目的还通过一种预紧式安全带达到，所述预紧式安全带包括按本发明的安全带卷收器，织带能在卷带筒组件上卷绕和解卷。
通过本发明的活塞达到的有益技术效果相应地适用于按本发明的安全带卷收器和按本发明的预紧式安全带。
在此要指出，在本申请中提及的各技术特征，即使在申请文件的不同段落中记载或者在不同实施例中记载，也可以任意地相互组合，只要它们不相互矛盾。所有这些 特征组合都是在本申请中记载的技术内容。
附图说明
下面借助于附图参照实施例详细地说明本发明。示意性的附图简要说明如下：
图1显示按本发明的一种实施方式的安全带卷收器的分解图；
图2显示按图1的安全带卷收器的组装图；
图3显示按本发明的一种实施方式的活塞的分解图；
图4显示按图3所示的活塞在组装状态下的侧视图；
图5显示按图4中的剖视线A-A的剖视图；
图6显示按图3至图5所示的活塞的透视图；
图7示出封闭元件的一种实施方式的示意性纵截面图；
图8示出封闭元件的一种实施方式的示意性纵截面图；
图9示出耗散结构的一种实施方式的示意图；并且
图10示意性地描述气体流动通道的出口的定向。
具体实施方式
图1显示按本发明的一种实施方式的安全带卷收器的分解图，并且图2显示按图1的安全带卷收器的组装图，其中省略了侧盖5，以便更好地描述管形元件6与传动齿轮4的共同作用。
安全带卷收器包括支架1，该支架特别是构造成U形支架，该支架1可以固定在机动车中，例如可以固定在座椅中。卷带筒组件2可旋转地支撑在支架1中，未示出的织带可以在卷带筒组件2上卷绕并且可以从卷带筒组件2拉出。在卷带筒组件2的一个轴向端部上可以构成花键轴3，传动齿轮4无相对转动地套装在该花键轴3上，从而能够与卷带筒组件2一起旋转。侧盖5可以固定在支架1上，用于遮盖卷带筒组件2的该轴向端部。管形元件6可以构成为蛇管，以便在有限的空间中实现预定长度的管形元件6。作为传动元件的球体7、特别是金属球体彼此相继地容纳和保持在管形元件6中。管形元件6的出口对准传动齿轮4的齿部，使得球体7在从管形元件6中射出时与传动齿轮4的齿部啮合，驱动传动齿轮4旋转并且从而使得卷带筒组件2在卷收方向上旋转。在图1中仅示意性地描述一个从管形元件6的出口射出的球体7。 传动齿轮4的齿槽特别是可以构成为球窝，以便实现球体7与传动齿轮4的特别良好的啮合。活塞9设置在管形元件6的入口侧的端部区域内，气体发生器8也设置在该端部区域内或者在外部连接在管形元件6的入口侧的端部上。
活塞9与卷带筒组件2的传动连接也可以采取其他形式，例如活塞9可以驱动齿条，所述齿条与传动齿轮4啮合。所述齿条特别是可以构造成柔性齿条，其能够在曲线轨道上被引导。此外，其他的能够将活塞9的线性运动转换成卷带筒组件2的旋转运动的传动连接方式也是可以考虑的。
图3显示按本发明的一种实施方式的活塞的分解图，图4显示按图3所示的活塞在组装状态下的侧视图，图5显示按图4中的剖视线A-A的剖视图，并且图6显示按图3至图5所示的活塞的透视图。
如图3所示的活塞包括三个组成部分，即第一活塞部件10、第二活塞部件11和封闭元件12，其中，第一活塞部件10和第二活塞部件11构成活塞的本体。第一活塞部件10可以包括背侧的环形体15，该环形体可以朝背侧锥形扩大，该环形体的外周面可以至少在部分轴向长度上基本上密封地靠置在管形元件6的内壁上，由环形体15包围的腔室14与气体发生器8的排气出口流动连接。在气体发生器8被触发时，产生的气体的压力可以将环形体15的外周面压紧在管形元件6的内壁上，形成活塞9与管形元件6之间的自动密封。
在第一活塞部件10中构成第一通道区段13(见图5)，该第一通道区段13作为通孔贯穿第一活塞部件10。该通孔可以沿轴向方向延伸，也可以相对于轴向方向倾斜。该通孔可以居中地设置，也可以偏心地设置。第一通道区段13的出口可以从第一活塞部件10的前侧伸出，形成第一突起16。第一突起例如可以是一个环形体，作为替换，也可以是多个彼此隔开的环段。第一通道区段的横截面可以是圆形或椭圆形或方形或其他形状。
在第一活塞部件10的前侧还伸出第二突起17。所述第二突起17例如是一个环形体，作为替换，也可以是多个彼此隔开的环段，所述第二突起17在径向外部包围第一突起16并且可以比第一突起16伸出得更远。
在第一突起16与第二突起17之间形成环形肩部18，在环形肩部18中构成围绕第一突起16的环形沟槽19。所述环形沟槽19的内表面与所述第一突起16的外表面彼此过渡，例如它们可以共同地构成一个圆柱面。
封闭元件12可以构成为单独的部件，也可以与活塞的本体一体地构成，特别是可以与第一活塞部件10一体地构成。封闭元件12例如可以设置在第一通道区段13的入口或出口上，或者设置在第一通道区段13的入口与出口之间。
在图3至图6所示的实施方式中，封闭元件12构成为碗状元件，封闭元件12包括底部12a和周壁12b，所述封闭元件12罩在所述第一突起16上，封闭元件12以其敞开的边缘嵌入到环形沟槽19中。封闭元件12的周壁12a的内表面可以靠置在第一突起16的外表面和环形沟槽19的内表面上。封闭元件12可以气密地罩在第一通道区段13的出口上，也可以在气体发生器被触发时在气体压力下建立自动密封。
封闭元件12例如其底部12a或其周壁12b在达到或超过预定压力时能被破坏，从而释放第一通道区段13并且从而释放整个气体流动通道。可能的是，封闭元件12的底部12a具有薄弱部位，该薄弱部位在达到或超过预定压力时从底部12a脱离，由此形成的穿孔可以形成一个节流部，但也可以不形成节流部。也可能的是，封闭元件12的底部12a具有撕裂线，在达到或超过预定压力时，所述底部12a沿着该撕裂线撕开；也可能的是，在达到或超过预定压力时，封闭元件12的底部12a被锋利的棱边切开或者被销状元件刺破。
第二活塞部件10包括背侧的周壁21和和底壁22，所述周壁21插套到第二突起17上。如图5所示，周壁21可以构成为双层壁，该双层壁包夹第二突起17。作为替换，周壁21也可以构成为单层壁，其在第二突起17的径向外部或者径向内部与第二突起17连接。
第二活塞部件11可以具有用于压紧在封闭元件12上的压紧部位。该压紧部位例如可以构成为用于压紧在封闭元件12的底部12a的圆周边缘上的肩部。该肩部例如可以设置在第二活塞部件11的周壁21上。
第一活塞部件10的前侧、第二活塞部件11的周壁21和底壁22共同地限定第二通道区段20，第二通道区段处于第一通道区段的下游。在此，第二通道区段20可以形成为一个腔室，其具有在活塞的前侧或圆周侧上的一个出口或者多个分布设置的出口。为了简明起见，在图4至图6中仅描述一个出口。两个出口或更多个出口当然也是可能的，特别优选这些出口在活塞的圆周侧上在同一个平面中均匀分布。
如图5所示，第二活塞部件11的周壁21和第二突起17共同地限定气体流动通道的出口。第二活塞部件11的周壁21可以具有缺口23，在缺口23的区域中，在第 二活塞部件11的底壁22与第二突起17之间具有间隙25，所述间隙25构成节流部。间隙25的尺寸很小，因此在图6中简化地用一条线表示。缺口23可以构成为如图3所示的敞开的缺口，也可以构成为四周封闭的开孔。在图4至图6中仅描述一个缺口23，两个或更多个缺口23当然也是可能的。
活塞9可以具有单级的节流部，也可以具有多级的节流部，例如可以包括一个在封闭元件12释放气体流动通道时由封闭元件12构成的节流部以及一个由所述间隙25构成的节流部。作为替换或补充，气体流动通道的出口例如也可以通过在第二壳体部件中的具有或不具有节流功能的开孔实现，该开孔使得第二通道区段20与第二壳体部件的圆周侧或前侧流动连接。作为替换或补充，气体流动通道的出口例如也可以通过在第二壳体部件中的缝隙、例如轴向缝隙或者在处于缺口23的区域中的第二突起17中的缝隙、例如轴向缝隙实现，所述缝隙具有节流功能。
第二活塞部件11的底壁22在缺口23的区域中可以具有朝第二活塞部件的前侧倾斜的斜面24，所述斜面24可以相对于底壁22的平面倾斜20°～70°之间的角度。所述斜面24可以对从气体流动通道的出口排出的气体进行适宜的引导。
第二活塞部件11可以包括前侧的球面形的凹座26，所述凹座26构造成用于支撑作为传动元件的球体7。第二活塞部件11在前侧包括一个径向内部的突起和一个径向外部的环形体，它们分别形成凹座26的一个部分26a、26b。凹座的球面面积可以是具有同样半径的完整球面面积的10％～45％之间、例如30％。
通过球形的凹座26，可以实现活塞9在管形元件6中的稳定的运动，避免活塞9在运动过程中发生翻转、跳动等不稳定运动。凹座26与球体7的面状接触或者多点中心对称接触，可以防止活塞9在高速运动时的不稳定运动。
在按图1至图6所示的实施方式中，例如在机动车碰撞时，气体发生器8被触发，迅速产生的气体驱动活塞9，活塞9与管形元件6建立密封，活塞9驱动彼此相继地容纳在管形元件6中的球体7，这些球体7先后从管形元件6的出口射出，冲击传动齿轮4，使得卷带筒组件2朝卷收方向旋转并且从而使得织带在乘员身体上预紧。如果由气体发生器8产生的气体压力过大，则封闭元件12释放第一通道区段13，气流在经过第一通道区段13之后冲击到底壁22上，在此耗散部分能量，然后在经过构成为节流部的间隙25时再次耗散部分能量，然后在冲击到管形元件6的内壁上时再次耗散部分能量。在气流发生冲击、偏转和节流的过程中，也能够抑制或者甚至熄灭可 能的被气流携带的火焰。
包围气体流动通道的壁体可以由耐烧蚀的材料制成，或者包含耐烧蚀的材料，或者设有由耐烧蚀的材料构成的涂层。
在图3至图6所示的活塞的实施方式中，第一活塞部件10和第二活塞部件11以及封闭元件12可以分别单独地制成，然后进行组装，其中，第一活塞部件10和第二活塞部件11例如可以通过粘接或超声波焊接而实现材料锁合连接、通过卡扣连接而实现形锁合连接或者通过过盈配合而实现力锁合连接。
作为替换，也可能的是，整个活塞本体一体地模制形成，封闭元件然后一体地模制在活塞本体中或者作为单独的部件施设在活塞本体中。作为替换，也可能的是，活塞本体的两个活塞部件不是在活塞的横向方向上划分的，而是在纵向方向上划分的。例如可能的是，活塞本体的背侧的半部以及前侧的半部的一半处在第一活塞部件上，活塞本体的前侧的半部的另一半处在第二活塞部件上，第一活塞部件和第二活塞部件可以分别具有第二通道区段的一部分。
图7示出构成为阀的封闭元件12的一种实施方式的示意性纵截面图，所述阀包括支撑在第一通道区段13的出口上的阀盘27a、细长的杆部27b和支撑在第一通道区段13的壁中或者支撑在第一通道区段13的入口的区域中的支座27c、例如杆形的或十字形的支座。阀盘27a以预紧力贴紧在第一通道区段13的出口上，在低于预定的压力时，阀盘27a保持贴紧在该出口上，在达到或超过预定压力时，通过阀的部件的变形，例如通过阀盘27a、杆部27b和支座27c之中的至少一个部件的变形，阀盘27a不再封闭该出口，从而释放第一通道区段13。当压力下降到低于预定压力时，所述阀可以复位并且从而再次封闭第一通道区段13。阀盘27a可以具有明显大于第一通道区段的出口的尺寸，从而阀在开启时，不仅阀盘可以附加地使得气流发生偏转，而且阀的开口也可以附加地具有节流功能。阀的任一个部件可以构成为弹性的或刚性的，可以弹性变形或塑性变形。
图8示出封闭元件12的一种实施方式的示意性纵截面图，其构造成盘片，具有比第一通道区段13的入口稍大的尺寸，并且附着在第一通道区段13的入口上。该封闭元件12可以包括一个中央的薄弱部位28。在达到或超过预定压力时，所述薄弱部位28脱落，从而释放第一通道区段13，并且在此时在封闭元件中形成的小孔可以构成一个节流部位。薄弱部位28也可以偏心地设置。多个分布设置的薄弱部位也是可 行的。
在一种未示出的方式中，封闭元件12在第一通道区段13的入口与出口之间的一个位置中与第一活塞部件10一体地制成，例如通过注塑制成。必要时，可以在注塑之后附加地在封闭元件12上加工出薄弱部位例如额定断裂部位或者撕裂线。
图9示出耗散结构的一种实施方式的示意性的局部视图，其中，多个挡板29彼此部分重叠地设置在气体流动通道中，气流在通过由这些挡板29形成的迷宫结构时蜿蜒曲折地流动，使得包含于气流之中的能量被部分地耗散。
图10示意性地描述气体流动通道的出口的定向。在此，气体流动通道的出口方向F2与气体流动通道的入口方向F1形成大约120°的角度α，并且与管形元件的内壁的法线L形成大约30°之间的夹角β。
上面借助具体实施例对本发明进行更加详细的说明。最后要指出的是，本发明的上述具体实施例仅仅用于理解本发明，而不对本发明的保护范围构成限制。对于本领域技术人员来说，在上述实施例的基础上可以做出修改，所有这些修改都不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，所述活塞具有前侧、圆周侧和背侧以及在活塞中构成的、将背侧与前侧或圆周侧流动连接的气体流动通道，所述气体流动通道被封闭元件(12)封闭并且在达到或超过预定压力时能被释放，其特征在于，所述气体流动通道设有用于耗散从气体流动通道流过的气流的能量的耗散结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述耗散结构包括以下三种耗散结构之中的至少一个：
    a)所述气体流动通道的用于使气流偏转的延伸走向；
    b)在所述气体流动通道中的节流部；和
    c)在所述气体流动通道中的挡板(29)；
    优选地，所述气体流动通道的出口方向具有以下两个特征之中的至少一个特征：
    a)与气体流动通道的入口方向形成20°～160°之间的角度(α)，和
    b)与用于容纳活塞的管形元件的内壁的法线形成0°～70°之间的夹角(β)；
    优选地，所述节流部包括以下两个节流部之中的至少一个：
    a)由所述封闭元件(12)在释放气体流动通道时形成的节流部，和
    b)在所述气体流动通道的出口中构成的节流部；
    优选地，所述挡板(29)的数量为多个，各挡板对于气流形成迷宫结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述气体流动通道包括第一通道区段(13)和在第一通道区段(13)下游的第二通道区段(20)；
    优选地，所述第二通道区段(20)具有以下特征之中的至少一个特征：
    a)第二通道区段(20)与第一通道区段(13)相比具有更大的横截面尺寸；
    b)第二通道区段(20)具有一个或多个设置在活塞的圆周侧上的出口；和
    c)第二通道区段(20)具有与第一通道区段(13)的出口对置的表面，从第一通道区段(13)的出口排出的气流能冲击到所述表面上；
    优选地，在所述第一通道区段(13)的入口或出口上，或者在第一通道区段的入 口与出口之间，设有所述封闭元件(12)，所述封闭元件(12)在达到或超过预定压力时释放第一通道区段(13)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述封闭元件(12)构成为单独的部件，或者与活塞的本体一体地构成；和/或
    所述封闭元件(12)构成为在达到或超过预定压力时发生破裂的封闭元件，或者构成为在达到或超过预定压力时开启的阀；和/或
    所述第一通道区段(13)在活塞(9)的轴向方向上直线地延伸，或者相对于活塞(9)的轴向方向成角度地直线地延伸，或者所述第一通道区段(13)具有弯曲的中心轴线；和/或
    所述第一通道区段(13)与活塞(9)的纵轴线同轴地设置，或者相对于活塞(9)的纵轴线偏心地设置；和/或
    所述活塞(9)的本体包括第一活塞部件(10)和第二活塞部件(11)，所述第一通道区段(13)在第一活塞部件(10)中构成，所述第二通道区段(13)部分地或完全地在所述第一活塞部件(10)与第二活塞部件(11)之间构成或者仅在第二活塞部件(11)中构成；和/或
    优选地，所述第一活塞部件(10)包括：
    在其前侧伸出的第一突起(16)，所述第一突起(16)形成第一通道区段(13)的出口；和/或
    在其前侧缩进的环形沟槽(19)，所述环形沟槽(19)围绕第一通道区段(13)的出口；
    优选地，所述第一突起(16)是一个环形体，或者所述第一突起(16)是多个在第一通道区段的出口的周边上分布的突起；
    优选地，所述第一活塞部件(10)包括所述第一突起(16)和所述环形沟槽(19)，所述环形沟槽(19)的内表面与所述第一突起(16)的外表面彼此过渡。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述封闭元件(12)构成为碗状元件，所述封闭元件(12)包括底部(12a)和 周壁(12b)，所述封闭元件(12)罩在第一通道区段(13)的出口上；和/或
    所述封闭元件(12)构成为碗状元件，所述封闭元件(12)包括底部(12a)和周壁(12b)，所述封闭元件(12)罩在第一通道区段(13)的出口上，所述封闭元件(12)的周壁的内表面靠置在所述第一突起(16)的外表面和/或所述环形沟槽(19)的内表面上；和/或
    所述封闭元件(12)构成为碗状元件，所述封闭元件(12)包括底部(12a)和周壁(12b)，所述封闭元件(12)罩在第一通道区段(13)的出口上，所述第二活塞部件(11)靠置在所述封闭元件(12)的底部(12a)上；和/或
    所述第一活塞部件(10)和第二活塞部件(11)形锁合地和/或力锁合地和/或材料锁合地彼此连接；和/或
    所述第一活塞部件(10)包括在其前侧伸出的第二突起(17)，所述第二突起(17)围绕第一通道区段(13)的出口，所述第二活塞部件(11)连接在所述第二突起(17)上；和/或
    所述第二突起(17)是一个环形体，或者所述第二突起(17)是多个围绕第一通道区段(13)的出口的突起；和/或
    所述第二活塞部件(11)在其背侧包括周壁(21)和底壁(22)，所述周壁(21)在第二突起(17)的径向外部和/或径向内部与第二突起(17)接合，所述第一活塞部件(10)的前侧以及所述第二活塞部件(11)的周壁(21)和底壁(22)共同地限定所述第二通道区段(20)，所述第二活塞部件(11)的周壁(21)和第二突起(17)共同地限定所述气体流动通道的一个或多个出口；和/或
    所述第二活塞部件(11)的周壁(21)具有缺口(23)，在所述缺口(23)的区域中，在第二活塞部件(11)的底壁(22)与第二突起(17)之间具有间隙(25)，所述间隙(25)构成节流部；和/或
    所述第二活塞部件(11)的底壁(22)在所述缺口(23)的区域中具有朝第二活塞部件的前侧倾斜的斜面(24)；和/或
    所述斜面(24)相对于底壁(22)的平面倾斜20°～70°之间的角度。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述活塞(9)包括前侧的球面形的凹座(26)，所述凹座构造成用于支撑作为传动元件的球体(7)。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞，其特征在于，所述活塞(9)包括背侧的环形体(15)，所述背侧的环形体(15)构造成用于贴靠在容纳活塞(9)的管形元件(6)的内壁上。
  8. 一种安全带卷收器，其包括支架(1)和可旋转地支撑在支架(1)中的卷带筒组件(2)以及气体发生器(8)，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器还包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用于安全带预紧功能的活塞(9)，所述气体发生器(8)和活塞(9)容纳在管形元件(6)中，所述活塞(9)与卷带筒组件(2)传动连接，在气体发生器(8)被触发时，所述活塞(9)能被产生的气体驱动并且从而所述活塞(9)能驱动卷带筒组件(2)朝卷收方向旋转。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器包括在卷带筒组件(2)上无相对转动地设置的传动齿轮(4)和彼此相继地容纳在管形元件中的球体(7)，所述球体(7)能被活塞(9)驱动，所述球体(7)能在从管形元件(6)的出口射出时驱动传动齿轮(4)。
  10. 一种预紧式安全带，其特征在于，所述预紧式安全带包括根据权利要求8或9所述的安全带卷收器，织带能在卷带筒组件上卷绕和解卷。
PCT/CN2019/113174 2018-11-16 2019-10-25 活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带 WO2020098469A1 (zh)

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JP2001063520A (ja) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-13 Takata Corp プリテンショナ
CN101875339A (zh) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-03 高田株式会社 预张紧器、安全带卷收器及安全带装置
CN102092359A (zh) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-15 高田株式会社 座椅安全带卷收器及包括它的座椅安全带装置
US20140077018A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Hyundai Motor Company Pretensioner of seat belt for vehicle
CN104853964A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2015-08-19 株式会社东海理化电机制作所 安全带卷取装置
CN209305530U (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-08-27 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2001063520A (ja) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-13 Takata Corp プリテンショナ
CN101875339A (zh) * 2009-05-01 2010-11-03 高田株式会社 预张紧器、安全带卷收器及安全带装置
CN102092359A (zh) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-15 高田株式会社 座椅安全带卷收器及包括它的座椅安全带装置
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CN104853964A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2015-08-19 株式会社东海理化电机制作所 安全带卷取装置
CN209305530U (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-08-27 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 活塞、安全带卷收器和预紧式安全带

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