WO2020098394A1 - 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法 - Google Patents

沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020098394A1
WO2020098394A1 PCT/CN2019/108104 CN2019108104W WO2020098394A1 WO 2020098394 A1 WO2020098394 A1 WO 2020098394A1 CN 2019108104 W CN2019108104 W CN 2019108104W WO 2020098394 A1 WO2020098394 A1 WO 2020098394A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel plate
column
reinforcement
steel
protection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/108104
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王�琦
江贝
曾昭楠
Original Assignee
王�琦
山东天勤矿山机械设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王�琦, 山东天勤矿山机械设备有限公司 filed Critical 王�琦
Publication of WO2020098394A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098394A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/14—Telescopic props
    • E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of roadway gangue support, and particularly relates to a roadway gangue support constrained concrete column support roof protection system and a mechanized construction method.
  • gangue support structures are arranged along the edge of the goaf to resist the impact load generated by the movement of the fallen gangue in the goaf, prevent the gangue from entering the roadway, and at the same time make the gangue along the block
  • the gangue structure piles up to form a stable goaf side gangway.
  • the commonly used gangue support scheme is to use U-shaped steel supports and metal nets to initially block the gravel along the side walls, and then use cut-top support brackets on the outside of the U-shaped steel and metal nets to support the roof of the roadway.
  • the present invention provides a construction device and a mechanized construction method for constrained concrete pillars along empty roadways, which can realize the mechanized installation of constrained concrete columns and corresponding lateral connection devices, saving time during the installation process , Labor-saving, and high efficiency.
  • Construction equipment for constraining concrete pillars along empty roadway including at least two uprights, lateral protection devices and at least two connecting ribs, the uprights include upright body, footing steel plate installed at the bottom of the upright body, and installed at the top of the upright body
  • the distance adjustment structure the column body includes a steel pipe and a concrete structure filled inside the steel pipe, at least two connection holes are processed on the steel pipe, and the connection holes are located on the same bus bar of the steel pipe;
  • the spacing adjustment structure includes a first steel plate, a second steel plate and at least two guide bars.
  • the first steel plate is welded to the top of the column body so that the first steel plate is parallel to the top of the column body and the second steel plate is parallel to the first steel plate.
  • At least two through holes are provided on the first steel plate or the second steel plate, and the guide rod is vertically welded to the second steel plate or the first steel plate, and passes through the through holes, respectively, to adjust the first steel plate and the second steel plate The distance between
  • each connecting rib is bent and matched to connect with the connecting hole on the upright column.
  • the upright columns are arranged in parallel.
  • At least two connecting ribs are connected between adjacent two upright columns to obtain the first reinforcing layer.
  • the protection device is fixed on the surface to be supported.
  • the bottom of the column is provided with a stepping steel plate.
  • the stepping steel plate has a larger cross-sectional area. When the column is supported, it can have a larger contact area with the ground to improve the strength and stability of the column support.
  • the top of the column is provided with a spacing adjustment structure. After the column is erected, the distance between the first steel plate and the second steel plate is adjusted so that the second steel plate is in close contact with the top of the roadway to realize the supporting effect of the column on the top of the roadway.
  • a wooden wedge, steel plates of different thicknesses, etc. can be filled between the first steel plate and the second steel plate to achieve firm support.
  • the pillar is a steel pipe-concrete composite structure, on the one hand, it can ensure that the pillar has high strength, on the other hand, the steel pipe can be welded with handles, processing connection holes, welding of footing steel plates, and welding and fixing the first steel plate.
  • the two sides of the connecting rib are bent, and the bent section is connected with the connecting hole on the pillar to facilitate the disassembly and connection of the adjacent two pillars.
  • the lateral protection device is a reinforced mesh
  • the column is closely adhered to the reinforced mesh laterally to apply a force to the reinforced mesh to fix the reinforced mesh on the surface to be supported.
  • connection holes are processed on each steel pipe, and the second connection holes are bent at both ends of the connection ribs on the same generatrix to connect the second connection holes of the same height position of adjacent columns to obtain The second reinforcement layer.
  • the lateral protection device is located between the first reinforcement layer and the second reinforcement layer.
  • the lateral protection device is a protection steel plate or a reinforcement steel mesh.
  • the protective steel plate is a single steel plate. This type is an integral protection steel plate.
  • the protective steel plate between two adjacent columns includes a first steel plate and a second steel plate, and the two steel plates are respectively connected with the two columns by pins to form a split door structure.
  • This type is a separate protection structure, which is convenient for the protection steel plate to be installed on the column, only the first steel plate and the second steel plate are respectively connected to the column with the pin, and the weight of the protection steel plate can be solved Large, difficult installation, etc .; it will not weaken the supporting effect of the steel plate on the gravel gang.
  • the protective reinforcement steel mesh includes a steel plate reinforcement structure around and a steel reinforcement mesh in the middle, the steel plate reinforcement structure and the steel reinforcement mesh are welded, and the steel plate reinforcement structure and the column are connected by a pin.
  • the footing steel plate includes a supporting steel plate and at least two reinforcing ribs.
  • the area of the supporting steel plate is larger than the bottom area of the column.
  • the supporting steel plate is welded to the bottom surface of the column.
  • the reinforcing rib is welded between the supporting steel plate and the column.
  • the support steel plate and the bottom surface of the column are welded, and the reinforcing ribs are welded, which is helpful for the column to be stable during the installation process and to disperse the pressure during the stress process.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the steel pipe of the column is rectangular or circular.
  • a construction handle is welded on the side of the steel pipe of the column. Different numbers and different positions can be set according to the weight of the constrained concrete support column and the convenience of personnel operation.
  • At least two bolt holes are provided on the first steel plate, the bolts are inserted through the bolt holes, and the bolts are screwed to adjust the distance between the first steel plate and the second steel plate.
  • the guide rod is welded on the first steel plate, a through hole is processed at a corresponding position of the second steel plate, and the guide rod passes through the through hole.
  • first steel plate and the second steel plate are inclined in a reverse direction so that the distance between the outermost sides of the first steel plate and the second steel plate is greater than the distance between the inner sides.
  • the automatic installation equipment matched with the roadway gangue support device includes a walking platform, a slewing platform, a power arm and a manipulator, the slewing platform is installed on the walking platform, and the power arm is installed on the slewing platform On the upper side, the rotary platform adjusts the direction of the power arm by rotation, a manipulator is installed at the foremost end of the power arm, and a clamp is installed on the manipulator, and the opening of the clamp can be adjusted.
  • the end of the clamp easily extends between the first steel plate and the second steel plate.
  • By adjusting the opening size of the clamp it is convenient to adjust the distance between the first steel plate and the second steel plate. It can be applied to constrained concrete columns of different cross-sections.
  • a mechanized construction method for constrained concrete pillars along empty roadway includes the following steps:
  • the bottom of the column is provided with stepping steel plates.
  • the stepping steel plates have a larger cross-sectional area. When the column is supported, it can have a larger contact area with the ground to improve the strength and stability of the column support.
  • the top of the column is provided with a spacing adjustment structure. After the column is erected, the distance between the first steel plate and the second steel plate is adjusted so that the second steel plate is in close contact with the top of the roadway to realize the supporting effect of the column on the top of the roadway.
  • a wooden wedge, steel plates of different thicknesses, etc. can be filled between the first steel plate and the second steel plate to achieve firm support.
  • the pillar is a steel pipe-concrete composite structure, on the one hand, it can ensure that the pillar has high strength, on the other hand, the steel pipe can be welded with handles, processing connection holes, welding of footing steel plates, and welding and fixing the first steel plate. Both sides of the connecting rib are bent, and the bent section is connected with the connecting hole on the pillar to facilitate the detachable connection of the adjacent two pillars.
  • the invention facilitates disassembly and recovery through the setting of the entire system, has a fast construction speed, and can realize recycling, thereby reducing construction costs and improving construction efficiency.
  • the on-site column can be mechanizedly installed, reducing the number of workers, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers, saving a lot of costs, and improving construction safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a constrained concrete supporting top column of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the reinforced longitudinal connector of the present invention
  • 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic diagrams of different forms of help device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mechanized construction of a constrained concrete column of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a pointed-shaped pressure bearing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a special manipulator fixture of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another form of supporting roof protection system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pressure-bearing steel plate of another form of supporting roof protection system of the present invention.
  • a construction device for constraining concrete pillars along an empty roadway includes at least two uprights 2, lateral protection devices 6 and at least two connecting ribs.
  • the uprights 2 include the upright body 3.
  • a footing steel plate 3 installed at the bottom of the column body and a spacing adjustment structure installed at the top of the column body.
  • the column body includes a steel pipe and a concrete structure filled inside the steel pipe. At least two connection holes are processed on the steel pipe. The connection holes are located in the steel pipe. On the same bus.
  • the spacing adjustment structure includes a first steel plate, a second steel plate, and at least two guide bars.
  • the first steel plate is welded to the top of the column body so that the first steel plate is parallel to the top of the column body, and the second steel plate is The first steel plate is parallel, at least two through holes are provided on the first steel plate or the second steel plate, the guide rod is vertically welded to the second steel plate or the first steel plate, and passes through the through holes respectively to adjust the first steel plate
  • the distance from the second steel plate; the role of the guide bar is to orient the second steel plate in the direction set by the guide bar to prevent deviation of the second steel plate.
  • the number of guide rods is 3 or more, for example, 3 guide rods form a triangle, which has a more stable guiding effect.
  • each connecting rib The two ends of each connecting rib are bent and connected in coordination with the connecting hole on the vertical column.
  • the vertical columns are arranged in parallel.
  • At least two connecting ribs are connected between two adjacent vertical columns.
  • the connecting ribs are hooked on the connecting holes on the same bus bar
  • the inner connecting rib 8 is obtained, and the outer connecting rib 9 is provided at the same time, and the lateral protecting device 6 is fixed between the inner connecting rib 8 and the outer connecting rib 9.
  • the first steel plate is provided with at least two bolt holes, and the spacing adjustment bolt 4 passes through the bolt hole, the top of which is pressed against the load-bearing steel plate 5, and the spacing adjustment bolt 4 is turned, and between the first steel plate and the load-bearing steel plate 5
  • the distance between the first steel plate and the bearing steel plate 5 is adjusted.
  • the first steel plate and the bearing steel plate 5 are filled so that the established steel plate 5 closely adheres to the top of the roadway.
  • the column 1 can be rectangular, circular, U-shaped and other different cross-sectional forms, as shown in Figure 2 is rectangular, and the interior is filled with different types and different types of concrete.
  • the footing steel plate 3 includes a supporting steel plate and at least two reinforcing ribs.
  • the area of the supporting steel plate is larger than the bottom area of the vertical column 1.
  • the supporting steel plate is welded to the bottom surface of the vertical column 1, and reinforcing ribs are welded between the supporting steel plate and the vertical column to improve the installation of the vertical column.
  • the lateral guarding device 6 is a whole steel plate, and the whole steel plate is connected to the two adjacent columns through a pin.
  • the connecting hole machined on the side of the upright 1 may be specifically a sleeve 7, and the sleeve 7 is used to connect with the connecting rib.
  • the pressure-bearing device that is, the spacing adjustment structure
  • can adopt another form that is, the first steel plate and the load-bearing steel plate use sharp-angled steel plates 16, as shown in FIG. 5, the angle steel plate 16 is provided with an inclined tip at the end.
  • the tip of the first steel plate and the second steel plate are inclined in opposite directions, so that there is a large gap between the ends of the first steel plate and the second steel plate, supplemented by a special sharp-angled manipulator 17, as shown in FIG. 6, which is convenient
  • the pointed manipulator 17 facilitates insertion between the first steel plate and the second steel plate.
  • the lower end of the guide bar 15 is welded to the first steel plate, and the upper end passes through the through hole provided on the second steel plate.
  • the sharp-angled steel plate 16 can slide in the up and down direction under the connection of the guide bar 15. After the position of the column is fixed, the manipulator The sharp corner 17 penetrates into the sharp parallel steel plate 16 with sharp corners, and the manipulator 17 opens to move the upper sharp steel plate 16 upward along the guide bar 15 and lift the sharp steel plate 16 above to contact with the surrounding rock.
  • the longitudinal connecting device is a steel bar type connecting device, which is divided into an outer connecting rib 9 close to the goaf and an inner connecting rib 8 on the side of the lane, and the sleeve 7 welded to the upright 1 is clamped and fixed. A space is reserved between the inner connecting rib 8 and the outer connecting rib 9 for the lateral protection device 6 to be installed.
  • the lateral protection device is a high-strength protection steel plate as shown in FIG. 3 (a), and is connected and fixed to the constrained concrete upright 1 through the pin structure 7 on both sides of the protection device.
  • the high-strength protection steel plate is divided into two symmetrical parts, one part is connected and installed on the support column on one side, and the other part is connected and installed on the support column on the other side, and the bushing between the support device and the support column
  • the structure can realize the splitting and splitting of the separate protection device.
  • An automatic installation device that can realize automatic installation, as shown in FIG. 4, includes a walking platform 14, a slewing platform 13, a robot arm 12, and a manipulator 11, wherein the walking platform 14 is driven by a driving device, and the slewing platform 13 is mounted substantially horizontally on the walking platform 14, the rotary platform 13 adjusts the direction of the robot arm 12 by rotation, and a robot arm 17 is installed at the foremost end of the robot arm 12.
  • the robot arm 12 is not telescopic, the robot arm 17 is placed in front of the vehicle body, which does not affect the movement of the vehicle body; the robot arm 12 can be tilted downward, which is convenient for grabbing the post directly from the ground.
  • a clamp is installed on the mechanical arm 12, and the clamp can adjust the size of the opening, which can be applied to constrained concrete columns of different cross-sectional forms, and can also be installed with a lateral protection device.
  • the tunnel automatic construction equipment also includes a wireless remote control device for hydraulic pipelines. The use of a wireless remote control can realize the functions of lifting and lowering the power arm and adjusting the position of the arch frame by the manipulator.
  • the lateral protection device is a strong protection reinforcement mesh, as shown in Figure 3 (b), that is, the four edge areas of the rectangular protection device are in the form of steel plates, and the middle area is reinforced mesh 10, both of which form a complete protection by welding To help the device, the edge in the form of a steel plate is connected to the column with a pin.
  • the second reinforcement mesh 18 is closely attached to the gravel gang, and the constrained concrete pillar 1 is closely attached to the reinforcement mesh 18 on the side of the remaining lane , And set longitudinal connecting ribs 8 between adjacent columns.
  • the load-bearing steel plate 5 on the top of the constrained concrete column 1 is flush with the edge of the column near the gravel side, and the other three sides exceed the column section by a certain length.
  • the mechanized construction method of constrained concrete pillars along empty roadway is as follows:
  • the adjusting bolt 4 of the height-adjusting pressure-bearing device can make the top of the constrained concrete support column 1 and the top of the roadway in close contact;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备的机械化施工方法，包括如下步骤：1)沿空巷道形成后，将立柱运输至安装位置处，操作机械手将立柱夹住竖起，将立柱安装到设定位置处，调节立柱顶部的间距调节结构使第二钢板与巷道顶部紧密贴合，在第二钢板与第一钢板之间填充支持物；2)安装下一立柱，使相邻立柱间的距离为设定距离；3)安装侧向护帮装置；4)相邻立柱间采用连接筋连接，将连接筋的两端的弯折段分别卡挂于相邻两立柱侧面的连接孔上，使侧向护帮装置位于连接筋与巷道侧壁之间；5)按照步骤1)-4)完成支顶护帮装置的安装。该方法可实现约束混凝土立柱和相应的侧向连接装置的机械化安装，安装过程省时、省力，且工作效率高。同时该施工方法所使用的施工装备也被公开。

Description

沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于巷道挡矸支护领域，具体涉及一种巷道挡矸支护约束混凝土立柱支顶护帮体系及其机械化施工方法。
背景技术
煤炭开采过程中，在工作面割煤后，通过沿采空区边缘布置一排挡矸支护结构来抵抗采空区垮落矸石运动产生的冲击载荷，防止矸石窜入巷道，同时使矸石沿挡矸结构堆积形成稳定的采空区侧巷帮。目前，常用的挡矸支护方案是U型钢支架和金属网沿边墙侧对碎石进行初步挡设，然后在U型钢和金属网的外侧采用切顶护帮支架对巷顶进行支护。采用该种支护方案时，需要将钢筋网、U型钢和轴压承载装置依次架设和安装。切顶护帮支架存在重量大、安装困难、成本高、需要定制以及加工周期长等问题。U型钢等支护构件则无法有效回收进行二次利用，造成极大的资源浪费。所以，这种支护方案存在成本高、施工效率慢等问题，亟需一种施工成本低、施工效率快的新型支护方式。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的以上问题，本发明提供了一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法，可实现约束混凝土立柱和相应的侧向连接装置的机械化安装，安装过程省时、省力，且工作效率高。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备，包括至少两个立柱、侧向护帮装置和至少两个连接筋，所述立柱包括立柱本体、安装于立柱本体底部的垫脚钢板和安装于立柱本体顶部的间距调节结构，所述立柱本体包括钢管和填充于钢管内部的混凝土结构，钢管上加工有至少两个连接孔，连接孔位于钢管的同一母线上；
所述间距调节结构包括第一钢板、第二钢板和至少两个导杆，第一钢板焊接于立柱本体的顶部，使第一钢板与立柱本体的顶部平行，第二钢板与第一钢板平行，第一钢板或第二钢板上设置至少两个通孔，所述导杆垂直焊接于第二钢板或第一钢板上，且分别穿过所述通孔，以调节第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离；
每个连接筋的两端弯折设置，与立柱上的连接孔配合连接，立柱并列设置，相邻两个立柱之间连接有至少两个连接筋，得到第一加强层，将所述侧向护帮装置固定于待支护表面。
立柱的底部设置有垫脚钢板，垫脚钢板具有较大的横截面积，将立柱进行支护时，可以与地面有较大的接触面积，以提高立柱支护的强度和稳定性。立柱的顶部设置有间距调节结构，将立柱竖立起来后，调节第一钢板和第二钢板之间的距离，使第二钢板与巷道顶部紧密接触，实现立柱对巷道顶部的支护作用。可以在第一钢板与第二钢板之间填充木楔、不同厚度的钢板等，以实现牢固支护。
支柱为钢管-混凝土复合结构，一方面可以保证支柱具有较高的强度，另一方面在钢管上可以焊接把手、加工连接孔、垫脚钢板的焊接以及实现第一钢板的焊接固定等作用。
连接筋的两侧弯折，弯折段与支柱上的连接孔配合连接，便于将相邻两支柱拆卸连接。
采用以上结构便于实现支护结构的机械化施工，同时以上结构较为简单，降低了支护成本。
优选的，所述侧向护帮装置为钢筋网，立柱侧向紧贴钢筋网，对钢筋网施加作用力，将钢筋网固定在待支护面上。
该种结构施工简单，大大节省了施工成本和施工时间。
进一步优选的，每个钢管上加工有至少两个第二连接孔，第二连接孔位于同一母线上连接筋两端弯折，将相邻的立柱的同一高度位置的第二连接孔连接，得到第二加强层。
更进一步优选的，所述侧向护帮装置位于第一加强层和第二加强层之间。
优选的，所述侧向护帮装置为护帮钢板或护帮钢筋网。
进一步优选的，所述护帮钢板为整块钢板。此种是整体式护帮钢板。
进一步优选的，相邻两立柱之间的护帮钢板包括第一钢板和第二钢板，两块钢板分别与两立柱之间采用销轴连接，形成对开门结构。
此种是分离式护帮结构，采用该种结构既方便护帮钢板安装在立柱上，只需要将第一钢板和第二钢板分别与立柱之间销轴连接即可，可解决护帮钢板重量大、安装困难等问题；又不会减弱钢板对碎石帮的支护作用。
进一步优选的，所述护帮钢筋网包括四周的钢板加强结构和中间的钢筋网，钢板加强结构与钢筋网之间焊接，钢板加强结构与立柱之间采用销轴连接。
优选的，所述垫脚钢板包括支撑钢板和至少两个加强筋，支撑钢板的面积大于立柱的底面积，支撑钢板焊接于立柱的底面，且支撑钢板与立柱之间焊接所述加强筋。
采用支撑钢板与立柱底面进行焊接，并焊接加强筋，利于立柱在安装过程中稳固和受力过程中分散压力。
优选的，所述立柱的钢管的截面形状为矩形或圆形。
优选的，所述立柱的钢管侧面焊接有施工把手。可根据约束混凝土支顶柱的重量和人 员操作方便性设置不同数量和设置在不同的位置。
优选的，所述间距调节结构中，第一钢板上设置有至少两个螺栓孔，螺栓孔中穿过螺栓，拧动螺栓，对第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离进行调节。
优选的，所述导杆焊接在第一钢板上，第二钢板的对应位置加工通孔，导杆穿过通孔。
进一步优选的，所述第一钢板和第二钢板的侧面反向倾斜设置，使得第一钢板和第二钢板的最外侧之间的距离大于内侧之间的距离。
更进一步优选的，与所述巷道挡矸支顶护帮装置配合的自动化安装设备，包括行走平台、回转平台、动力臂和机械手，所述回转平台安装在行走平台上，动力臂安装在回转平台上，回转平台通过旋转调节动力臂的方向，动力臂的最前端安装机械手，所述机械手上安装有夹具，夹具的张口可调节。
夹具端部容易伸入第一钢板与第二钢板之间，通过调节夹具的张口大小，便于调节第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离。可适用于不同截面形式的约束混凝土立柱。
一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱机械化施工方法，包括如下步骤：
1)巷道掘进完成后，将立柱运输至安装位置处，操作机械手将立柱夹住竖起，将立柱安装到设定位置处，调节立柱顶部的间距调节结构使第二钢板与巷道顶部紧密贴合，在第二钢板与第一钢板之间填充支持物；
2)安装下一立柱，使相邻立柱间的距离为设定距离；
3)安装侧向护帮装置；
4)将相邻立柱间采用连接筋连接，将连接筋的两端的弯折段分别卡挂于相邻两立柱侧面的连接孔上；
5)按照步骤1)-4)完成支顶护帮装置的安装。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)立柱的底部设置有垫脚钢板，垫脚钢板具有较大的横截面积，将立柱进行支护时，可以与地面有较大的接触面积，以提高立柱支护的强度和稳定性。立柱的顶部设置有间距调节结构，将立柱竖立起来后，调节第一钢板和第二钢板之间的距离，使第二钢板与巷道顶部紧密接触，实现立柱对巷道顶部的支护作用。可以在第一钢板与第二钢板之间填充木楔、不同厚度的钢板等，以实现牢固支护。支柱为钢管-混凝土复合结构，一方面可以保证支柱具有较高的强度，另一方面在钢管上可以焊接把手、加工连接孔、垫脚钢板的焊接以及实现第一钢板的焊接固定等作用。连接筋的两侧弯折，弯折段与支柱上的连接孔配合连接，便于将相邻两支柱可拆卸连接。本发明通过整个体系的设置，方便拆卸回收，施工速度快，能实现循环利用，从而可降低施工成本、提高施工效率。
(2)采用本发明可将现场立柱进行机械化安装，减少工人数量，极大程度减少了工人劳动强度，节省大量成本的同时提高了施工安全性。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为本发明约束混凝土支顶柱示意图；
图2为本发明钢筋式纵向连接件示意图；
图3(a)、图3(b)为本发明不同形式的护帮装置示意图；
图4为本发明约束混凝土立柱机械化施工示意图；
图5为本发明尖头状承压装置；
图6为本发明特制机械手夹具；
图7为本发明另外一种形式的支顶护帮体系示意图；
图8为本发明另外一种形式支顶护帮体系的承压钢板示意图。
其中：1、立柱，2、把手，3、垫脚钢板，4、间距调节螺栓，5、承力钢板，6、侧向护帮装置，7、轴套，8、内侧连接筋，9、外侧连接筋，10、钢筋网，11、机械手，12、机械臂，13、回转平台，14、行走平台，15、导杆，16、尖角钢板，17、机械手，18、第二钢筋网。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。
实施例1
如图2所示，一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备，包括至少两个立柱2、侧向护帮装置6和至少两个连接筋，如图1所示，所述立柱2包括立柱本体、安装于立柱本体底部的垫脚钢板3和安装于立柱本体顶部的间距调节结构，所述立柱本体包括钢管和填充于钢管内部的混凝土结构，钢管上加工有至少两个连接孔，连接孔位于钢管的同一母线上。
所述间距调节结构包括第一钢板、第二钢板和至少两个导杆，第一钢板焊接于立柱本体的顶部，使第一钢板与立柱本体的顶部平行，第二钢板作为承力钢板5与第一钢板平行，第一钢板或第二钢板上设置至少两个通孔，所述导杆垂直焊接于第二钢板或第一钢板上， 且分别穿过所述通孔，以调节第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离；导杆的作用是使第二钢板沿导杆设定的方向定向移动，防止第二钢板的跑偏。为了更好地起到导向作用，导杆的数量为3个或3个以上，如3个导杆组成三角形，具有更稳定的导向作用。
每个连接筋的两端弯折设置，与立柱上的连接孔配合连接，立柱并列设置，相邻两个立柱之间连接有至少两个连接筋，连接筋卡挂在同一母线上的连接孔上，得到内侧连接筋8，同时设置外侧连接筋9，将侧向护帮装置6固定在内侧连接筋8和外侧连接筋9之间。
具体的，第一钢板上设置有至少两个螺栓孔，间距调节螺栓4穿过螺栓孔，其顶部抵住承力钢板5，拧动间距调节螺栓4，对第一钢板与承力钢板5之间的距离进行调节，第一钢板与承力钢板5之间的距离调节完毕后，在第一钢板与承力钢板5之间进行填充，以使成立钢板5紧密贴合在巷道顶部。立柱1可以为矩形、圆形、U型等不同截面形式，如图2所示为矩形，内部填充不同种类和不同型号等级的混凝土。
由于立柱1的外表面是钢管，所以可以在钢管上焊接把手2，以便于工人抬设，便于施工。垫脚钢板3包括支撑钢板和至少两个加强筋，支撑钢板的面积大于立柱1的底面积，支撑钢板焊接于立柱1的底面，且支撑钢板与立柱之间焊接有加强筋，以提高立柱在安装过程中的稳固性和在受力过程中对压力的承受力。侧向护帮装置6为整块钢板，整块钢板与相邻两立柱之间通过销轴连接。
立柱1侧面加工的连接孔可以具体为轴套7，轴套7用于与连接筋连接。
实施例2
承压装置，即间距调节结构，可采用另外一种形式，即第一钢板和承力钢板均采用尖角钢板16，如图5所示，夹角钢板16的端部设置有倾斜尖端，第一钢板和第二钢板的尖端的倾斜方向相反，以使第一钢板和第二钢板的端部之间有较大的间隙，辅以特制的尖角式机械手17，如图6所示，方便尖角式机械手17便于插入第一钢板和第二钢板之间。导杆15的下端焊接在第一钢板上，上端穿过设置于第二钢板上的通孔，尖角钢板16在导杆15的连接下可沿上下方向上滑动，待立柱位置固定后，机械手17尖角深入尖角式平行的尖角钢板16内，机械手17张开，使上端的尖角钢板16沿导杆15向上移动，将上方的尖角钢板16顶升至与围岩接触。
纵向连接装置为钢筋式连接装置，分为靠近采空区的外侧连接筋9和留巷侧的内侧连接筋8，焊接在立柱1上的轴套7进行卡合固定。内侧连接筋8和外侧连接筋9中间预留空间以供侧向护帮装置6进行安装。侧向护帮装置，为如图所3(a)所示高强护帮钢板，在护帮装置的两侧通过销轴结构7与约束混凝土立柱1进行连接和固定。其中，高强护帮钢板，分为对称的两部分，一部分与一侧的支顶柱连接安装，另一部分与另一侧的支顶柱连 接安装，通过护帮装置与支顶柱间的轴套结构可实现分离式护帮装置的对开对合。
可以实现自动化安装的自动化安装设备，如图4所示，包括行走平台14、回转平台13、机械臂12和机械手11，其中，所述行走平台14在驱动装置的驱动下行走，所述回转平台13大体水平地安装在行走平台14上，回转平台13通过旋转调节机械臂12的方向，机械臂12的最前端安装机械手17。机械臂12在未伸缩时，机械手17置于车体前方，不影响车体行动；机械臂12能够向下倾斜，可方便从地面直接抓取立柱。机械臂12上安装有夹具，夹具能够调节张口的大小，可适用于不同截面形式的约束混凝土立柱，也可安装侧向护帮装置。所述隧道自动化施工设备还包括液压管路无线遥控装置，采用无线遥控器可实现动力臂的提升、下降以及机械手调节拱架位置等功能。
实施例3
侧向护帮装置为强力护帮钢筋网，如图3(b)所示，即矩形护帮装置的四个边缘区域采用钢板形式，中间区域采用钢筋网10，两者通过焊接形成完整的护帮装置，钢板形式的边缘与立柱之间采用销轴连接。
实施例4
如图7所示，采用“约束混凝土立柱1+第二钢筋网18+纵向连接筋8”的形式，第二钢筋网18紧贴碎石帮，约束混凝土立柱1在留巷侧紧贴钢筋网18，并在相邻立柱间设置纵向连接筋8。其中，如图8所示的约束混凝土立柱1顶部承力钢板5靠近碎石帮侧与立柱边缘齐平，其他三边超出立柱截面一定长度。
沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱机械化施工方法，具体步骤如下：
1)巷道掘进完成后，将约束混凝土立柱1运输至安装位置处，启动自动化安装设备，操作机械手11将立柱1夹起并安装到设计位置处；
2)调高承压装置的调节螺栓4可使约束混凝土支顶柱1顶端与巷道顶部实现紧密接触；
3)按照设计间距，机械安装下一个约束混凝土立柱1；
4)安装靠近采空区的外侧连接筋9；
5)采用自动化安装设备安装侧向护帮装置6；
6)安装留巷侧的内侧连接筋8；
7)如此循环，完成所有约束混凝土立柱1的安装；
8)持续监测并控制支顶护帮系统侧向位移。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备，其特征在于：包括至少两个立柱、侧向护帮装置和至少两个连接筋，所述立柱包括立柱本体、安装于立柱本体底部的垫脚钢板和安装于立柱本体顶部的间距调节结构，所述立柱本体包括钢管和填充于钢管内部的混凝土结构，钢管上加工有至少两个连接孔，连接孔位于钢管的同一母线上；
    所述间距调节结构包括第一钢板、第二钢板和至少两个导杆，第一钢板焊接于立柱本体的顶部，使第一钢板与立柱本体的顶部平行，第二钢板与第一钢板平行，第一钢板或第二钢板上设置至少两个通孔，所述导杆垂直焊接于第二钢板或第一钢板上，且分别穿过所述通孔，以调节第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离；
    每个连接筋的两端弯折设置，与立柱上的连接孔配合连接，立柱并列设置，相邻两个立柱之间连接有至少两个连接筋，得到第一加强层，将所述侧向护帮装置固定于待支护表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：每个钢管上加工有至少两个第二连接孔，第二连接孔位于同一母线上连接筋两端弯折，将相邻的立柱的同一高度位置的第二连接孔连接，得到第二加强层；
    优选的，所述侧向护帮装置位于第一加强层和第二加强层之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：所述侧向护帮装置为护帮钢板或护帮钢筋网；
    优选的，所述护帮钢板为整块钢板；
    或，相邻两立柱之间的护帮钢板包括第一钢板和第二钢板，两块钢板分别与两立柱之间采用销轴连接，形成对开门结构；
    优选的，所述护帮钢筋网包括四周的钢板加强结构和中间的钢筋网，钢板加强结构与钢筋网之间焊接，钢板加强结构与立柱之间采用销轴连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：所述垫脚钢板包括支撑钢板和至少两个加强筋，支撑钢板的面积大于立柱的底面积，支撑钢板焊接于立柱的底面，且支撑钢板与立柱之间焊接所述加强筋。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：所述间距调节结构中，第一钢板上设置有至少两个螺栓孔，螺栓孔中穿过螺栓，拧动螺栓，对第一钢板与第二钢板之间的距离进行调节。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：所述导杆焊接在第一钢板上，第二 钢板的对应位置加工通孔，导杆穿过通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：所述第一钢板和第二钢板的侧面反向倾斜设置，使得第一钢板和第二钢板的最外侧之间的距离大于内侧之间的距离。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：与所述巷道挡矸支顶护帮装置配合的自动化安装设备，包括行走平台、回转平台、动力臂和机械手，所述回转平台安装在行走平台上，动力臂安装在回转平台上，回转平台通过旋转调节动力臂的方向，动力臂的最前端安装机械手，所述机械手上安装有夹具，夹具的张口可调节。
  9. 权利要求1-8任一所述施工装备的施工方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    1)巷道掘进完成后，将立柱运输至安装位置处，操作机械手将立柱夹住竖起，将立柱安装到设定位置处，调节立柱顶部的间距调节结构使第二钢板与巷道顶部紧密贴合，在第二钢板与第一钢板之间填充支持物；
    2)安装下一立柱，使相邻立柱间的距离为设定距离；
    3)安装侧向护帮装置；
    4)将相邻立柱间采用连接筋连接，将连接筋的两端的弯折段分别卡挂于相邻两立柱侧面的连接孔上，使侧向护帮装置位于连接筋与巷道侧壁之间；
    5)按照步骤1)-4)完成支顶护帮装置的安装。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的施工装备，其特征在于：也可采用采用“约束混凝土立柱+钢筋网+纵向连接筋”形式，钢筋网紧贴碎石帮，约束混凝土立柱在留巷侧紧贴钢筋网，并在相邻立柱间设置纵向连接筋，将钢筋网固定在待支护面上，立柱顶部钢板靠近碎石帮侧边与立柱边缘齐平，其他三边超出立柱截面一定长度。
PCT/CN2019/108104 2018-11-12 2019-09-26 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法 WO2020098394A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811340946.7A CN109209488A (zh) 2018-11-12 2018-11-12 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法
CN201811340946.7 2018-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020098394A1 true WO2020098394A1 (zh) 2020-05-22

Family

ID=64995641

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/108104 WO2020098394A1 (zh) 2018-11-12 2019-09-26 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109209488A (zh)
WO (1) WO2020098394A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113603413A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-05 山西晟坤科技发展有限公司 煤矿井下沿空留巷用混凝土充填材料及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109209488A (zh) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 王�琦 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法
CN110850053B (zh) * 2019-05-16 2022-03-25 山东天勤矿山机械设备有限公司 煤炭智能开采三维地质力学模型试验系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001012193A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-16 Geostr Corp 中空構造物
CN205840894U (zh) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-28 山东大学 一种隧道约束混凝土拱架机械化施工快速定位纵向连接装置
CN106285738A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2017-01-04 山东科技大学 一种用于深部巷道的“钢混‑液压”巷旁支护装置及支护方法
CN206513390U (zh) * 2017-01-16 2017-09-22 高尚 一种采煤巷道支护装置
CN109209488A (zh) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 王�琦 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203296778U (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-11-20 山东科技大学 一种刚柔结合的沿空留巷巷旁支护装置
CN106014452B (zh) * 2016-07-08 2017-05-31 山东大学 一种适用于地下隧洞的高强约束混凝土支护体系
CN106321113B (zh) * 2016-09-14 2018-04-10 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种用于穿采空区的巷道空间框架结构及其支护方法
CN207229125U (zh) * 2017-02-23 2018-04-13 山东深博巷道支护技术有限公司 一种专用于钢管混凝土墩柱的推力装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001012193A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-16 Geostr Corp 中空構造物
CN205840894U (zh) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-28 山东大学 一种隧道约束混凝土拱架机械化施工快速定位纵向连接装置
CN106285738A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2017-01-04 山东科技大学 一种用于深部巷道的“钢混‑液压”巷旁支护装置及支护方法
CN206513390U (zh) * 2017-01-16 2017-09-22 高尚 一种采煤巷道支护装置
CN109209488A (zh) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 王�琦 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113603413A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-05 山西晟坤科技发展有限公司 煤矿井下沿空留巷用混凝土充填材料及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109209488A (zh) 2019-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020098394A1 (zh) 沿空巷道约束混凝土支柱施工装备及机械化施工方法
CN206309412U (zh) 一种用于煤矿巷道的伞形点柱式临时支护
CN107165056B (zh) 用于悬臂盖梁混凝土浇筑的抗倾覆钢棒支架及其安装方法
CN108999394B (zh) 落地式脚手架转悬挑式脚手架的施工工艺
CN107217836A (zh) 一种用于钢结构廊桥的施工吊篮悬挂装置
CN213510645U (zh) 一种pba暗挖车站边跨初支扣拱的台车支撑模板体系
CN114033154A (zh) 一种卡钳式作业吊篮悬挂装置及其使用方法
CN212866793U (zh) 一种装配式施工电梯停层平台
KR100642326B1 (ko) 탑다운 공법에 의한 띠장 시공용 가시설
CN211229458U (zh) 一种用于圆柱墩混凝土浇筑施工的作业平台
CN207177310U (zh) 一种地下厂房岩壁吊车梁钢筋自稳结构
CN113668401B (zh) 一种基于大跨径桥梁墩台上安装运输平台的吊装工艺
CN216380631U (zh) 一种带门洞装配式复合墙的吊装加固装置
JP5985263B2 (ja) 構造物の解体工法
CN213572930U (zh) 自锁铰接电梯井施工平台装置
CN211114849U (zh) 一种控制预制梁现浇湿接缝底模升降的装置
CN107740598B (zh) 塔式现浇结构模板支撑体系及其施工工艺
JP5952098B2 (ja) 構造物の解体工法
CN110805261A (zh) 一种基于预应力加强的钢平台钢梁结构及施工方法
CN107587722A (zh) 一种地下厂房岩壁吊车梁钢筋超前安装工艺及其钢筋自稳结构
CN220081308U (zh) 一种气动锚杆钻机作业辅助车
CN110644788A (zh) 一种控制预制梁现浇湿接缝底模升降的方法及装置
CN219909897U (zh) 一种可提升式塔机安全通道
CN214196341U (zh) 自行式液压仰拱台车
CN214836397U (zh) 一种半拱多柱式棚洞模板台车

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19883494

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19883494

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1