WO2020093880A1 - 一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用 - Google Patents

一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用 Download PDF

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WO2020093880A1
WO2020093880A1 PCT/CN2019/113145 CN2019113145W WO2020093880A1 WO 2020093880 A1 WO2020093880 A1 WO 2020093880A1 CN 2019113145 W CN2019113145 W CN 2019113145W WO 2020093880 A1 WO2020093880 A1 WO 2020093880A1
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magnesium
manganese
composite material
carbonate
magnetic
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PCT/CN2019/113145
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French (fr)
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吴平霄
陈梅青
党志
朱能武
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华南理工大学
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Priority to US17/292,009 priority Critical patent/US20220002167A1/en
Publication of WO2020093880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093880A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0222—Compounds of Mn, Re
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
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    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
    • C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
    • C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/481—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/0036—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity
    • H01F1/0045—Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use
    • H01F1/0054—Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/0036—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity
    • H01F1/0045—Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use
    • H01F1/0063—Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use in a non-magnetic matrix, e.g. granular solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/42—Magnetic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of adsorption materials, in particular to a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material and its preparation and application.
  • Cadmium can accumulate in large amounts in animals, plants and humans.
  • Cadmium in the human body is accumulated through food, water and air. After entering the human body, cadmium will interact with the protein molecules of hydroxyl, sulfur and amino groups contained in the human body.
  • Cadmium protein is formed, reaches the whole body through the blood, and selectively accumulates in the kidney and liver.
  • the kidney is the target organ of cadmium poisoning, and nearly one-third of cadmium will accumulate in the kidney, causing serious harm to the human body.
  • the adsorption method is a widely used method to remove heavy metals in wastewater. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, economical and effective. Among them, the removal efficiency of metal oxides is relatively high, but they usually exist in the form of ultrafine powders.
  • When directly applied to conventional column adsorption systems there are engineering technical bottlenecks such as large pressure drop or difficulty in separation. How to develop a material that can efficiently fix Cd and is easy to separate has become one of the focuses of people
  • the existing metal oxides used to remove heavy metals in wastewater mainly exist in the form of ultra-fine powders.
  • the material of the present invention is a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide composite material prepared based on the high fixation performance of the magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide to cadmium and the strong magnetism of ferroferric oxide.
  • the removal has strong magnetism, and has the characteristics of high adsorption efficiency, fast adsorption speed and stability. Not only can Cd be fixed efficiently, but also the materials can be separated and recovered by magnets.
  • the primary objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared by the above method.
  • the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material has strong magnetism, adsorption and stability.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material in the treatment of heavy metal cadmium pollution.
  • a preparation method of magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material includes the following preparation steps:
  • step (3) Add the composite liquid of magnesium salt and manganese salt to the dispersion liquid of step (2), age, centrifuge, wash, dry, grind and sieve to obtain the precursor powder;
  • step (3) The precursor powder obtained in step (3) is calcined at 250-550 ° C to obtain a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material.
  • the magnesium salt in step (1) is magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate, more preferably magnesium chloride;
  • the manganese salt is manganese chloride, manganese nitrate or manganese sulfate, more preferably manganese chloride;
  • the carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, more preferably sodium carbonate;
  • the hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
  • the molar ratio of magnesium salt: manganese salt: carbonate: hydroxide in step (1) is (5 ⁇ 60): (5 ⁇ 40): (2 ⁇ 30): (5 ⁇ 60) , More preferably (10 ⁇ 30): (10 ⁇ 20): (4 ⁇ 15): (10 ⁇ 30).
  • the concentration of magnesium salt is 0.03 ⁇ 0.09mol / L, and the concentration of manganese salt is 0.01 ⁇ 0.045mol / L;
  • the carbonate and hydrogen In the oxide composite solution, the carbonate concentration is 0.005 to 0.2 mol / L, and the hydroxide concentration is 0.005 to 0.4 mol / L.
  • the mass molar ratio of the ferric oxide and carbonate in step (2) is (0.5-5) g: (0.01-1) mol.
  • the amount of ethanol added in step (2) is 0.1 to 2 times the volume of the sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide composite solution; the ultrasonic dispersion time is 10 to 60 min.
  • the composite solution of magnesium salt and manganese salt in step (3) is added to the dispersion liquid in a dropwise manner with a drop acceleration of 0.1 to 5 mL / min.
  • the aging time in step (3) is 12-36h
  • the drying means drying at 50-80 ° C for 12-36h
  • the grinding and sieving means grinding through a 100-500 mesh sieve.
  • the calcination time in step (4) is 1 to 5 hours.
  • a magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material is prepared by the above method.
  • the material of the present invention is a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared based on the high fixation performance of the magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide to cadmium and the strong magnetism of ferroferric oxide, the composite material is The removal of Cd has strong magnetism, and has the characteristics of high adsorption efficiency, fast adsorption speed and stability.
  • the material of the present invention not only can efficiently fix Cd, but also can separate and recover the material by using a magnet.
  • the elements contained in the magnesium-manganese salt and ferroferric oxide used in the present invention are components of nature, and have the characteristics of low price, wide source, and no environmental pollution.
  • the preparation method of the invention is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the yield is high, and the application prospect is broad.
  • Example 1 is an SEM image of the magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a TEM image of the magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 3 is an XRD pattern of the magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetallic oxide composite material prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 4 is a graph showing the Cd adsorption amount of the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared in Example 1 at different times;
  • Example 5 is a graph showing the Cd adsorption amount of the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material prepared in Example 1 at different initial Cd concentrations;
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of the magnetic separation effect of the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material (right) and ferroferric oxide (left) after Cd adsorption in Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of the magnetic separation effect of the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material (right) and ferroferric oxide (left) after Cd adsorption in Example 1.
  • the preparation method of the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material for treating cadmium pollution in the environment in this embodiment is as follows:
  • step (3) Slowly drop the composite solution of magnesium salt and manganese salt into the dispersion of step (2) at a dropping rate of 1mL / min, age for 24h, centrifuge at 4000r / min for 5min, remove the supernatant, and rinse with deionized water Several times, it was dried at a temperature of 60 ° C for 24 hours, and ground through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain a precursor powder.
  • step (3) The precursor powder of step (3) is calcined in a muffle furnace at 350 ° C for 3 hours to obtain a magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material.
  • FIG. 1 is an SEM image
  • FIG. 2 is a TEM image
  • FIG. 3 is an XRD image.
  • the oxide composite material can quickly remove Cd in a fixed way, and the adsorption capacity is as high as 59mg g -1 , corresponding to the removal rate of almost 100%.
  • the Freundlich adsorption equation can better describe the adsorption characteristics of magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composites for Cd, which shows the adsorption of Cd by magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composites. It belongs to multi-molecular layer adsorption. Langmuir fitting shows that the maximum adsorption capacity of magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide composites for Cd is up to 436 mg g -1 , indicating the high efficiency of the material.
  • the magnetic separation effect of ferroferric oxide on the left, and the magnetic separation effect of magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material after fixing Cd on the right, can be seen that the magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal The oxide composite material has a magnetic separation effect equivalent to that of ferroferric oxide, indicating that the material developed by the present invention has strong magnetic properties and is easy to realize magnetic separation.
  • a preparation method of a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material for treating cadmium pollution in the environment includes the following steps:
  • step (3) The magnesium salt solution and the manganese salt compound solution were slowly dropped into the dispersion liquid of step (2) at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min, aged for 24 h, centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 min, and the supernatant liquid was removed, and deionized water was used. Rinse several times, dry at 60 ° C for 24h, and grind through a 200-mesh sieve.
  • step (3) The powder of step (3) is calcined in a muffle furnace at 250 ° C for 5 hours to obtain a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material.
  • the morphology and structural characterization results of the prepared magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide composite material show that ferric iron oxide is evenly distributed on the magnesium-manganese bimetallic oxide sheet, forming a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide Composite material.
  • a preparation method of a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material for treating cadmium pollution in the environment includes the following steps:
  • step (3) The magnesium salt solution and the manganese salt compound solution were slowly dropped into the dispersion liquid of step (2) at a dropping rate of 1 mL / min, aged for 24 h, centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 5 min, and then the supernatant liquid was removed. Rinse several times, dry at 60 ° C for 24h, and grind through a 200-mesh sieve.
  • step (3) The powder of step (3) is calcined in a muffle furnace at 550 ° C for 1 hour to obtain a magnetic magnesium manganese layered bimetal oxide composite material.
  • the morphology and structural characterization results of the prepared magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide composite material show that ferric iron oxide is evenly distributed on the magnesium-manganese bimetallic oxide sheet, forming a magnetic magnesium-manganese layered bimetallic oxide Composite material.

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Abstract

一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用。将可溶性的镁盐和锰盐溶于水中得到镁盐与锰盐复合液，将可溶性的碳酸盐和氢氧化物溶于水中，得到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液；将四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液中，加入乙醇超声分散得到分散液，然后加入镁盐与锰盐复合液，陈化，离心，洗涤，干燥，研磨过筛，250～550℃煅烧，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。该复合材料对Cd的去除具有较强的磁性，具有吸附效率高、吸附速度快和稳定的特点。不仅能将Cd高效固定，而且可利用磁铁分离回收材料。

Description

一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用 技术领域
本发明属于吸附材料技术领域，具体涉及一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用。
 背景技术
镉能够在动物、植物和人体内大量积累，人体内的镉主要是通过食物、水和空气而进入人体被积蓄下来；镉进入人体后会与人体内含有的羟基、硫基、氨基的蛋白质分子形成镉蛋白，通过血液到达全身，并有选择性的在肾、肝中蓄积。其中肾脏是镉中毒的靶器官，将近三分之一的镉会蓄积在肾脏中，会对人体造成严重的危害。而吸附法是目前应用很广泛的去除废水中重金属的方法，该方法具有操作简单、经济有效等特点。其中金属氧化物去除效率较高，但通常主要以超细粉体形式存在，直接应用于常规的柱吸附系统时存在压降大或难以分离等工程技术瓶颈。如何开发一种既可以高效固定Cd且易于分离的材料，已成为人们研究的重点之一。
 技术问题
现有用于去除废水中重金属的金属氧化物主要以超细粉体形式存在，直接应用于常规的柱吸附系统时存在压降大或难以分离等问题。而本发明的材料是基于镁锰层状双金属氧化物对镉的高固定性能与四氧化三铁的强磁性而制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料，该复合材料对Cd的去除具有较强的磁性，具有吸附效率高、吸附速度快和稳定的特点。不仅能将Cd高效固定，而且可利用磁铁分离回收材料。
 技术解决方案
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种通过上述方法制备得到的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。所述磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料具有较强的磁性、吸附和稳定性。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在重金属镉污染处理中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
（1）将可溶性的镁盐和锰盐溶于水中得到镁盐与锰盐复合液，将可溶性的碳酸盐和氢氧化物溶于水中，得到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液；
（2）将四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液中，加入乙醇超声分散，得到分散液；
（3）将镁盐与锰盐复合液加入到步骤（2）的分散液中，陈化，离心，洗涤，干燥，研磨过筛，得到前驱体粉末；
（4）将步骤（3）所得前驱体粉末在250~550℃煅烧，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
优选地，步骤（1）中所述镁盐为氯化镁、硝酸镁或硫酸镁，更优选为氯化镁；所述锰盐为氯化锰、硝酸锰或硫酸锰，更优选为氯化锰；所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠或碳酸钾，更优选为碳酸钠；所述氢氧化物为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾，更优选为氢氧化钠。
优选地，步骤（1）中所述镁盐:锰盐:碳酸盐:氢氧化物的摩尔比为（5~60）:（5~40）: （2~30）:（5~60），更优选为（10~30）:（10~20）: （4~15）:（10~30）。
优选地，步骤（1）中所述镁盐与锰盐复合液中，镁盐的浓度为0.03~0.09mol/L，锰盐的浓度为0.01~0.045mol/L；所述碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液中，碳酸盐的浓度为0.005~0.2mol/L，氢氧化物的浓度为0.005~0.4mol/L。
优选地，步骤（2）中所述四氧化三铁与碳酸盐的质量摩尔比为（0.5~5）g:（0.01~1）mol。
优选地，步骤（2）中所述乙醇的加入量为碳酸钠与氢氧化钠复合液体积的0.1~2倍；所述超声分散的时间为10~60min。
优选地，步骤（3）中所述镁盐与锰盐复合液采用滴加方式加入到分散液中，滴加速度为0.1~5mL/min。
优选地，步骤（3）中所述陈化时间为12~36h，所述干燥是指在50~80℃干燥12~36h，所述研磨过筛是指研磨过100~500目筛。
优选地，步骤（4）中所述煅烧时间为1~5h。
一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料，通过上述方法制备得到。
上述磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在重金属镉污染处理中的应用。
 有益效果
本发明的制备方法及所得到的产物具有如下优点及有益效果：
（1）本发明的材料是基于镁锰层状双金属氧化物对镉的高固定性能与四氧化三铁的强磁性而制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料，该复合材料对Cd的去除具有较强的磁性，具有吸附效率高、吸附速度快和稳定的特点。
（2）本发明的材料不仅能将Cd高效固定，而且可利用磁铁分离回收材料。
（3）本发明所用镁锰盐和四氧化三铁所含元素为自然界的组成成分，具有价格低廉，来源广泛，无环境污染等特点。
（4）本发明的制备方法简单，反应条件温和，低耗能，产率高，应用前景广阔。
 附图说明
图1 为实施例1制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的SEM图；
图2为实施例1制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的TEM图；
图3为实施例1制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的XRD图；
图4 为实施例1制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在不同时间下Cd吸附量曲线图；
图5 为实施例1制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在不同Cd初始浓度下的Cd吸附量曲线图；
图6 为实施例1中吸附Cd后的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料（右）与四氧化三铁（左）的磁分离效果对比图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的一种用于处理环境中镉污染的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，具体制备步骤如下：
（1）准确称取0.026 mol 氯化镁和0.013 mol氯化锰采用500 mL去离子水进行溶解得到镁盐与锰盐复合液，将0.01 mol碳酸钠和0.02 mol氢氧化钠采用250 mL去离子水进行溶解得到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液；
（2）将0.25g四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液并加入250mL无水乙醇，超声分散30min，得到分散液；
（3）将镁盐与锰盐复合液以滴加速度1mL/min缓慢滴入步骤（2）的分散液中，陈化24h，以4000r/min离心5min后去除上清液，用去离子水冲洗数次，在60℃温度下干燥24h，研磨过200目筛，得到前驱体粉末。
（4）将步骤（3）的前驱体粉末于马弗炉中350℃下煅烧3h，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
所制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的形貌和结构表征如图1、图2和3所示。其中图1为SEM图、图2为TEM和图3为XRD图。从图1中可知，磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料中四氧化三铁均匀地分布在镁锰双金属氧化物片层上；由图2材料的TEM，可清晰地看出薄片上较为均匀地分布小颗粒，这与SEM的结果相一致，所以可以得到结论四氧化三铁均匀地分布在镁锰双金属氧化物上。由图3可知，磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的XRD谱图上具备四氧化三铁的特征峰，说明为四氧化三铁与镁锰双金属氧化物相互作用，形成了磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
所得磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在重金属镉污染处理中的应用效果测试：
（1）准确称取多份0.005g磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料分别置于50ml离心管中，分别向离心管中移取25mL配制好的12 mg•L -1 Cd溶液，充分混合后置于30 ± 1℃水浴振荡器上震荡，震荡时间为2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20，25, 30, 60, 90, 120 min后，取溶液过0.45μm滤膜，原子吸收分光光度计测定溶液中Cd的浓度，测试结果如4所示。从图4可知，磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料对Cd吸附几乎在10分钟内就可以达到吸附平衡，之后Cd的吸附随着时间的变化不大，说明磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料能快速的对Cd进行固定去除，且吸附量高达59mg g -1，对应去除率几乎为100%。
（2）准确称取多份0.005g磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料分别置于50ml离心管中，分别向离心管中移取25mL配制好的不同初始浓度的Cd溶液（初始浓度Cd设置为50 mg L -1，100 mg L -1, 150 mg L -1, 200 mg L -1, 250 mg L -1, 300 mg L -1，350 mg L -1），充分混合后置于30 ± 1℃水浴振荡器上震荡24h后，取上清液过0.45μm滤膜，原子吸收分光光度计测定溶液中Cd的浓度。测试结果如图5所示。从图5中可以看出，Freundlich吸附方程能较好的描述磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料对Cd的吸附特征，这说明磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料对Cd的吸附属于多分子层吸附，Langmuir拟合可知磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料对Cd最大吸附量高达436 mg g -1，说明了材料的高效性。
（3）准确称取多份0.005g磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料分别置于50ml离心管中，分别向离心管中移取25mL配制好的12 mg•L -1 Cd溶液，充分混合后置于30 ± 1℃水浴振荡器上震荡，震荡时间为30 min后，利用磁铁分离吸附后的材料，并用四氧化三铁的磁分离效果作为对比，结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出，左边为四氧化三铁的磁分离效果，右边为磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料固定Cd后的磁分离效果，可以看出，磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料具有与四氧化三铁相当的磁分离效果，说明本发明研发的材料磁性较强，易于实现磁分离。
实施例2
一种用于处理环境中镉污染问题的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）准确称取0.026 mol 氯化镁和0.013 mol氯化锰采用500 mL去离子水进行溶解得到镁盐溶液与锰盐复合液、0.01 mol碳酸钠和0.02 mol氢氧化钠采用250 mL去离子水进行溶解得到碳酸盐溶液与氢氧化物复合液；
（2）将0.25g四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐溶液与氢氧化物复合液并加入250mL无水乙醇，超声分散30min；
（3）将镁盐溶液与锰盐复合液以滴加速度1mL/min缓慢滴入步骤（2）的分散液中，陈化24h，以4000r/min离心5min后去除上清液，用去离子水冲洗数次，在60℃温度下干燥24h，研磨过200目筛。
（4）将步骤（3）的粉末于马弗炉中250℃下煅烧5h，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
所制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的形貌和结构表征结果显示四氧化三铁均匀地分布在镁锰双金属氧化物片层上，形成了磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
实施例3
一种用于处理环境中镉污染问题的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）准确称取0.026 mol 氯化镁和0.013 mol氯化锰采用500 mL去离子水进行溶解得到镁盐溶液与锰盐复合液、0.01 mol碳酸钠和0.02 mol氢氧化钠采用250 mL去离子水进行溶解得到碳酸盐溶液与氢氧化物复合液；
（2）将0.25g四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐溶液与氢氧化物复合液并加入250mL无水乙醇，超声分散30min；
（3）将镁盐溶液与锰盐复合液以滴加速度1mL/min缓慢滴入步骤（2）的分散液中，陈化24h，以4000r/min离心5min后去除上清液，用去离子水冲洗数次，在60℃温度下干燥24h，研磨过200目筛。
（4）将步骤（3）的粉末于马弗炉中550℃下煅烧1h，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
所制备的磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的形貌和结构表征结果显示四氧化三铁均匀地分布在镁锰双金属氧化物片层上，形成了磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下制备步骤：
    （1）将可溶性的镁盐和锰盐溶于水中得到镁盐与锰盐复合液，将可溶性的碳酸盐和氢氧化物溶于水中，得到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液；
    （2）将四氧化三铁粉末加入到碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液中，加入乙醇超声分散，得到分散液；
    （3）将镁盐与锰盐复合液加入到步骤（2）的分散液中，陈化，离心，洗涤，干燥，研磨过筛，得到前驱体粉末；
    （4）将步骤（3）所得前驱体粉末在250~550℃煅烧，得到磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述镁盐为氯化镁、硝酸镁或硫酸镁；所述锰盐为氯化锰、硝酸锰或硫酸锰；所述碳酸盐为碳酸钠或碳酸钾；所述氢氧化物为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述镁盐:锰盐:碳酸盐:氢氧化物的摩尔比为（5~60）:（5~40）: （2~30）:（5~60）。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述镁盐与锰盐复合液中，镁盐的浓度为0.03~0.09mol/L，锰盐的浓度为0.01~0.045mol/L；所述碳酸盐与氢氧化物复合液中，碳酸盐的浓度为0.005~0.2mol/L，氢氧化物的浓度为0.005~0.4mol/L 。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述四氧化三铁与碳酸盐的质量摩尔比为（0.5~5）g:（0.01~1）mol。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述乙醇的加入量为碳酸钠与氢氧化钠复合液体积的0.1~2倍；所述超声分散的时间为10~60min。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中所述镁盐与锰盐复合液采用滴加方式加入到分散液中，滴加速度为0.1~5mL/min；所述陈化时间为12~36h，所述干燥是指在50~80℃干燥12~36h，所述研磨过筛是指研磨过100~500目筛。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中所述煅烧时间为1~5h。
  9. 一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料，其特征在于：通过权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制备得到。
  10. 权利要求9所述的一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料在重金属镉污染处理中的应用。
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CN105854796A (zh) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-17 济南大学 一种磁性双金属氧化物/碳复合材料的制备方法及应用
CN108514880A (zh) * 2018-03-18 2018-09-11 启东创绿绿化工程有限公司 一种Fe3O4/Cu-Mg-Al-LDHs复合材料的制备方法
CN108704610A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-10-26 湖南大学 磁性碳修饰的镁铁水滑石复合材料及其制备方法和应用
CN109513419A (zh) * 2018-11-08 2019-03-26 华南理工大学 一种磁性镁锰层状双金属氧化物复合材料及制备与应用

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