WO2020093844A1 - 气体发生器和充气式安全装置 - Google Patents

气体发生器和充气式安全装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093844A1
WO2020093844A1 PCT/CN2019/111458 CN2019111458W WO2020093844A1 WO 2020093844 A1 WO2020093844 A1 WO 2020093844A1 CN 2019111458 W CN2019111458 W CN 2019111458W WO 2020093844 A1 WO2020093844 A1 WO 2020093844A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
wall surface
filter
gas generator
wall
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PCT/CN2019/111458
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
奥弗顿道格拉斯•厄尔
李俊杰
黄聪
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延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2020093844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093844A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/276—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means to vent the inflation fluid source, e.g. in case of overpressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas generator and an inflatable safety device including such a gas generator, especially an airbag.
  • the inflatable safety device is particularly used in motor vehicles.
  • Airbags are widely used in motor vehicles.
  • the airbag mainly includes an airbag as an inflation element and a gas generator for generating gas.
  • the airbag is usually installed in a motor vehicle in a folded and concealed manner.
  • the gas generator is triggered, and the gas generating agent contained in the gas generator is ignited
  • the gas is generated, especially non-toxic and harmless gas.
  • the gas is usually filled into the airbag through the exhaust opening of the gas generator after filtering the residue through the filter, so that the airbag is quickly deployed, thereby protecting the occupant.
  • the airbag is usually filled in tens of milliseconds.
  • the sharply generated gas will deform the filter of the gas generator. If the deformation amount of the filter is too large, the outer wall surface of the filter may abut against the inner wall surface of the housing of the gas generator, so that at least the flow channel between the outer wall surface of the filter and the inner wall surface of the housing One local area is isolated from the exhaust opening, and the at least one local area may be referred to as a "dead volume".
  • the dead volume in the flow channel not only causes the filter to lose part of its filtering function, but also changes the gas output characteristics of the gas generator, affecting the protection function of the airbag to the occupant. The gas generator may even explode as a result.
  • a gas generator which includes a filter, and an external porous cylindrical reinforcing member may be provided on the filter.
  • an external porous cylindrical reinforcing member may be provided on the filter.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a gas generator and an inflatable safety device including such a gas generator, wherein the gas generator is improved while substantially maintaining the compact size of the gas generator Work reliability.
  • a gas generator comprising a housing configured as a pressure vessel and a gas-permeable filter provided in the housing, the filter at least partially defines a gas-generating medicament chamber.
  • the gas medicament chamber contains a gas generating medicament capable of being ignited, and a flow channel is formed between the inner wall surface of the housing and the outer wall surface of the filter, the housing has an exhaust opening, and the exhaust opening is provided in the housing
  • the inner wall surface of the housing defining the flow channel has an uneven structure, and the uneven structure is configured such that even if the expansion deformation of the filter during operation causes the outer wall surface of the filter and the band of the housing The inner wall surface with uneven structure abuts, and no dead volume is generated in the flow channel.
  • the beneficial effect of the gas generator according to the present invention is especially that, when the gas generator is in operation, the flow channel can maintain a smooth communication with the exhaust opening, and at the same time, the size of the housing can be basically not changed, so the basic While maintaining the compact size of the gas generator, the working reliability of the gas generator is improved.
  • the uneven structure may include a protrusion extending from the inner wall surface of the housing and / or a concave portion recessed from the inner wall surface of the housing.
  • the uneven structure may include only protrusions, or only recesses, or not only protrusions but also recesses.
  • the protrusion may be a continuous, meanderingly extending protrusion with a constant height or varying height, or a plurality of discrete protrusions.
  • the recess may be a continuous, meanderingly extending recess with a constant depth or varying depth, or a plurality of discrete recesses.
  • the protrusion is configured as a plurality of ring segments spaced apart from each other on the circumference of the inner wall surface of the housing, and / or the recess is configured as a plurality of Grooves spaced apart from each other on the circumference of the inner wall surface of the housing.
  • the protrusions can be in the same plane or in multiple different planes; the protrusions can be configured the same or different; the protrusions can be uniform or uneven Distribution; each protrusion can be regularly distributed or randomly distributed; each protrusion can be constructed as a dot-shaped, linear or planar protrusions.
  • the protrusions in the undeformed initial state of the filter, abut or are separated from the outer wall surface of the filter.
  • the housing may be cylindrical, and the housing includes a top wall, a bottom wall and a circumferential wall.
  • the cross-section of the housing may be circular, oval or other suitable shape.
  • the housing can also be configured in other shapes, such as ellipsoidal.
  • the housing can be constructed in two parts.
  • the housing includes a first housing part having a bottom wall and a second housing part having a top wall, the open edge of the first housing part and the opening of the second housing part Connected by the edge.
  • the open edge of the first housing part is welded to the open edge of the second housing part.
  • a form-locking connection and / or a force-locking connection can also be provided.
  • the number of the exhaust openings is multiple, and each exhaust opening is distributed on the circumferential wall of the housing.
  • the exhaust opening may be provided in the second housing part.
  • the exhaust openings may be distributed uniformly or unevenly on the circumferential wall of the second housing part.
  • the exhaust openings can be arranged in the same plane or in different planes.
  • the exhaust openings can be arranged at the same height of the housing or at different heights.
  • Each exhaust opening may be configured as a round hole, an oval hole, a square hole, a slot, or other forms.
  • the exhaust opening is designed to be connected to an inflation element of an inflatable safety device of a motor vehicle.
  • the gas generator according to the present invention can be used not only in motor vehicles, for example, for airbags, inflatable seat belts or inflatable safety vests, which can protect the occupants in the event of a collision or other similar emergency situations in the motor vehicle ; Can also be applied in other fields, for example, can also be used in amusement facilities, aircraft or water vehicles.
  • the exhaust opening when viewed in the axial direction of the housing, the exhaust opening is provided in a central region of the housing, and the height dimension of the central region does not exceed the height dimension of the entire housing 4/5, preferably not more than 3/4, for example not more than 2/3, especially 1/2 or 1/3 of the height dimension of the whole shell.
  • the height dimension of the middle region is 2/3 of the height dimension of the entire casing
  • the axial distance between the apex and bottom points of the middle zone and the casing in the axial direction is 1/1 of the height dimension of the entire casing 6.
  • the height dimension of the middle region is 1/2 of the height dimension of the entire casing
  • the axial distance between the apex and the bottom point of the middle region and the casing in the axial direction is 1/1 of the height dimension of the entire casing 4.
  • the housing is configured to be cylindrical, and the housing includes a top wall, a bottom wall, and a circumferential wall;
  • the housing is configured to be two-piece, and the housing includes A first housing component with a bottom wall and a second housing component with a top wall, the open edge of the first housing component is connected to the open edge of the second housing component;
  • the uneven structure includes A plurality of discrete protrusions protruding inwardly from the open edge of the second housing part and / or a plurality of discrete protrusions protruding from the inner wall surface of the circumferential wall of the second housing part and connected to the second housing part
  • the open edges are spaced apart by protrusions, and / or the uneven structure includes a plurality of discrete grooves provided on the inner wall surface of the circumferential wall of the second housing part.
  • the groove extends in the axial direction with reference to the central axis of the housing, or the groove extends helically with reference to the central axis of the housing.
  • Other directions of grooves are also feasible.
  • the filter is configured as a hollow cylinder, and both ends of the filter are respectively supported on the inner wall surface of the housing, and the inner wall surface of the filter and the housing
  • the inner wall surface collectively defines the gas generating medicine chamber. It is also possible that the filter individually defines the gas generating medicament chamber.
  • the filter may also have other shapes, such as approximately spherical or spindle-shaped.
  • the gas generator may include an ignition device, which is installed in the housing and extends into the gas-generating medicament chamber. It is also possible to ignite the gas generating medicament outside the housing.
  • an inflatable safety device which comprises an inflatable element and a gas generator according to the invention, the exhaust outlet of the gas generator being connected to the inflatable element.
  • the inflatable safety device may be an airbag, an inflatable seat belt or an inflatable safety vest for a motor vehicle.
  • 1 and 2 respectively show schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of the gas generator in operation without uneven structures
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a gas generator according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of the first housing part of the gas generator according to FIG. 3 together with the filter;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 shows a perspective view of the first housing part of the housing of the gas generator according to FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 6 and 7 respectively show perspective views of a variant of the first housing part.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematic longitudinal sections of the gas generator in operation, respectively.
  • the gas generator includes a housing 1 configured as a pressure vessel and a gas-permeable filter 2 provided in the housing.
  • the housing 1 may be formed in a cylindrical shape, including a top wall, a bottom wall and a circumferential wall.
  • the housing is constructed in two parts, the housing includes a first housing part 1a with a bottom wall and a second housing part 1b with a top wall, the open edge of the first housing part 1a is The open edges of the second housing part 1b are connected in an airtight manner.
  • a plurality of exhaust openings 7 are distributed on the circumferential wall of the second housing member 1b. Although only one exhaust opening 7 is also feasible, it is preferred that a plurality of exhaust openings 7 are evenly distributed on the circumferential wall of the housing, especially on the circumferential wall of the second housing part 1b, at the same height, In order to achieve a particularly good exhaust.
  • the exhaust opening 7 can be connected to an airbag, for example.
  • the filter 2 may be configured as a hollow cylinder, and both ends of the filter 2 are respectively supported on the top wall and the bottom wall of the housing, and the inner wall surface of the filter and the housing
  • the top wall and the bottom wall of the body collectively define the gas generating medicine chamber 5.
  • a gas generating medicament 3 capable of being ignited is accommodated in the gas generating chemical chamber 5, and the ignition device 4 is installed in the first housing member 1 a and extends into the gas generating chemical chamber 5.
  • a flow channel 6 is formed between the inner wall surface 11 of the housing 1 and the outer wall surface 12 of the filter 2, and the exhaust opening 7 is provided in the wall of the housing 1 that defines the flow channel.
  • Gunpowder is widely used as a gas-generating agent, which can be ignited by an ignition device. It is also possible that two or more components react chemically and thus generate gas when they are in contact with or mixed with each other, wherein these components are placed in isolation and placed in contact with each other or in the event of a motor vehicle collision, for example Mixing.
  • This multi-component gas-generating agent should also be regarded as a "gas-igniting agent capable of being ignited" in the sense of the present invention.
  • the ignition device 4 Once the ignition device 4 is triggered, it will ignite the gas-generating medicament 3, so that the gas-generating medicament can quickly produce non-toxic and harmless gas.
  • the gas passes through the filter 2 under pressure, and the filtered clean gas is discharged into the inflatable element of the inflatable safety device via the flow channel 6 and the exhaust opening 7.
  • the direction of the gas flow from the gas-generating agent chamber 5, through the filter 2, through the flow channel 6 and the exhaust opening 7 is schematically indicated by directional arrows.
  • the flow channel 6 is usually an annular space.
  • the generated gas passes from the gas-generating medicament chamber 5 substantially radially on the circumferential wall of the filter 2.
  • the direction of the air flow passing through one of the exhaust openings 7 is schematically indicated only by directional arrows.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts the possible expansion and deformation of the filter 2 during operation with a dot-dash line on one side.
  • the filter 5 usually bulges over the entire circumference.
  • the outer wall surface 12 of the filter 2 abuts the inner wall surface 11 of the housing 1, so that the lower region of the flow channel 6 shown in FIG.
  • the exhaust opening 7 is isolated so that this lower region becomes a dead volume, and the filter 5 loses its filtering function in the lower region.
  • the housing 1 can have a fixing element 10 which can, for example, fix the housing in a motor vehicle or fix the inflation element on the housing.
  • the fixing element 10 can be, for example, a flange or a lug.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a gas generator according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of the first housing part of the gas generator according to FIG. 3 together with a filter
  • FIG. 5 shows A perspective view of the first housing part of the housing of the gas generator according to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the gas generator according to FIGS. 3 and 4 can be configured the same as or similar to the gas generator according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in other respects, except for the uneven structure configured as the protrusion 8 a.
  • On the open edge of the first housing part 1a four projections 8a are formed, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction and are respectively formed as ring segments.
  • these ring segments may be in contact with the filter 2 or have a gap. It can be seen in FIG. 4 that when the gas generator is in operation, the filter 2 expands and deforms, so that the filter is supported by the protrusions 8a, wherein, through the gap 9 between adjacent protrusions 8a, the entire flow channel 6 remains unobstructed. No isolated dead volume is formed in the flow channel 6.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a variant of the first housing part 1a.
  • the difference between the first housing part according to FIG. 6 and the first housing part according to FIG. 5 is that the projection 8a shrinks relative to the open edge of the first housing part in the axial direction of the first housing part 1a Into.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of another variant of the first housing part 1a.
  • the uneven structure is configured as a plurality of recesses 8b distributed on the inner wall surface of the circumferential wall of the housing member 1a and extending in the axial direction of the first housing member 1a, and these recesses can be evenly distributed.
  • the uneven structure includes only protrusions or only recesses. It goes without saying that uneven structures composed of projections and recesses are also possible, for example they can be arranged alternately on the inner wall surface of the circumferential wall of the housing.

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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

一种气体发生器以及包括这样的气体发生器的充气式安全装置，该气体发生器包括构成为压力容器的壳体(1)和设置在壳体(1)中的透气的过滤器(2)，所述过滤器(2)至少部分地限定产气药剂室(5)，在产气药剂室(5)中容纳能被引燃的产气药剂(3)，在壳体(1)的内壁面(11)与过滤器(2)的外壁面(12)之间形成流动通道(6)，所述壳体(1)具有排气开口(7)，所述排气开口(7)设置在壳体(1)的限定流动通道(6)的壁中。所述壳体(1)的限定流动通道的内壁面(11)具有不平结构(8a,8b)，所述不平结构(8a,8b)构造成：即使过滤器(2)在工作时的膨胀变形使过滤器(2)的外壁面(12)与壳体(1)的带有不平结构(8a,8b)的内壁面(11)贴靠，在流动通道(6)中也不产生死容积。借此可以提高气体发生器的工作可靠性。

Description

气体发生器和充气式安全装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种气体发生器以及一种包括这样的气体发生器的充气式安全装置、尤其是安全气囊。所述充气式安全装置特别是应用在机动车中。
背景技术
安全气囊在机动车中得到广泛应用。安全气囊主要包括作为充气元件的气囊和用于产生气体的气体发生器。气囊通常折叠地隐藏地安装在机动车中，在机动车的紧急状况中，例如在发生碰撞或者即将发生碰撞时，气体发生器被触发，包含在气体发生器中的产气药剂被引燃并且产生气体特别是无毒无害的气体，气体通常在经过过滤器过滤掉残渣之后通过气体发生器的排气开口充入到气囊中，使得气囊被迅速展开，从而对乘员起到保护作用。气囊通常在数十毫秒的时间内被充满。
在产气药剂被引燃之后，急剧产生的气体会使得气体发生器的过滤器发生变形。如果过滤器的变形量过大，过滤器的外壁面有可能贴靠在气体发生器的壳体的内壁面上，使得在过滤器的外壁面与壳体的内壁面之间的流动通道的至少一个局部区域与排气开口隔离，所述至少一个局部区域可以称为“死容积”。流动通道中的死容积不仅使得过滤器损失一部分过滤功能，而且使得气体发生器的气体输出特性发生变化，影响安全气囊对乘员的保护功能。气体发生器甚至有可能因此发生爆炸。
一种用于避免死容积的措施在于，增大在过滤器的外壁面与壳体的内壁面之间的距离，但是因此增大了壳体的尺寸并且从而增大了气体发生器的尺寸。随着汽车工业的发展，气体发生器小型化是值得期望的。对于气体发生器而言，其尺寸越紧凑，则其安全系数越高。气体发生器的安全系数例如可以用关系式：安全系数＝壳体最大承压/工作内压表示。当气体发生器在工作时的内压一定时，壳体的尺寸越紧凑，意味着气体发生器的安全系数越高。
在专利文献CN1440896A中公开一种气体发生器，其包括过滤器，在过滤器上可以设有外部多孔圆筒形加强件。一方面，在气体发生器工作时，过滤器的外壁面压紧在该加强件的内壁面上，这种压紧对过滤器的过滤功能产生不利影响，并且该加强件本身也明显减少了过滤器的有效过滤面积。另一方面，该加强件仍有可能在气体发生器工作时与壳体的内壁面贴靠，从而形成死容积。
发明内容
从现有技术出发，本发明的目的在于，提供一种气体发生器以及一种包括这样的气体发生器的充气式安全装置，其中，在基本上保持气体发生器紧凑尺寸的同时改进气体发生器的工作可靠性。
所述目的通过一种气体发生器达到，该气体发生器包括构成为压力容器的壳体和设置在壳体中的透气的过滤器，所述过滤器至少部分地限定产气药剂室，在产气药剂室中容纳能被引燃的产气药剂，在壳体的内壁面与过滤器的外壁面之间形成流动通道，所述壳体具有排气开口，所述排气开口设置在壳体的限定流动通道的壁中，所述壳体的限定流动通道的内壁面具有不平结构，所述不平结构构造成：即使过滤器在工作时的膨胀变形使过滤器的外壁面与壳体的带有不平结构的内壁面贴靠，在流动通道中也不产生死容积。
按本发明的气体发生器的有益效果尤其在于，在气体发生器工作时，流动通道能够与排气开口保持通畅的连通，与此同时，可以基本上不改变壳体的尺寸，因此可以在基本上保持气体发生器紧凑尺寸的同时改进气体发生器的工作可靠性。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述不平结构可以包括从壳体的内壁面伸出的凸起和/或从壳体的内壁面凹陷的凹部。在此，所述不平结构可以仅包括凸起，或者仅包括凹部，或者不仅包括凸起而且包括凹部。所述凸起既可以是一个连续的、蜿蜒曲折地延伸的、具有恒定高度或者变化高度的凸起，也可以是多个离散的凸起。与此类似地，所述凹部既可以是一个连续的、蜿蜒曲折地延伸的、具有恒定深度或者变化深度的凹部，也可以是多个离散的凹部。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述凸起构造成多个在壳体的内壁面的环周上的、彼此隔开距离的环段，和/或所述凹部构造成多个在壳体的内壁面的环周上的、彼此隔开距离的凹槽。
在一些实施方式中，各凸起可以处于同一个平面中或者处于多个不同的平面中；各凸起可以构造成同样的，也可以构造成不同的；各凸起可以均匀地或者不均匀地分布；各凸起可以有规律地分布或者随机地分布；各凸起可以构造成点状、线状或面状凸起。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，在过滤器的未变形的初始状态下，所述凸起贴靠在过滤器的外壁面上或者与过滤器的外壁面隔开距离。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述壳体可以构造成筒状的，所述壳体包括顶 壁、底壁和圆周壁。所述壳体的横截面可以是圆形的、椭圆形的或者其他合适的形状。所述壳体也可以构造成其他形状，例如椭球形的。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述壳体可以构造成两体式的。优选的是，所述壳体包括具有底壁的第一壳体部件和具有顶壁的第二壳体部件，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘连接。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘焊接连接。作为替换，密封螺纹联接或者粘接也是可能的。作为补充，也可以附加地设置形锁合的连接和/或力锁合的连接。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述排气开口的数量为多个，并且各排气开口在壳体的圆周壁上分布设置。例如所述排气开口可以设置在第二壳体部件中。各排气开口可以在第二壳体部件的圆周壁上均匀地或不均匀地分布。各排气开口可以设置在同一个平面中或者设置在不同的平面中。各排气开口可以设置在壳体的相同高度上或者不同高度上。各排气开口可以构造成圆孔、椭圆孔、方孔、狭槽或其他形式。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述排气开口构造成用于与机动车的充气式安全装置的充气元件连接。按本发明的气体发生器不仅可以应用在机动车中，例如用于安全气囊、充气式安全带或者充气式安全背心，它们在机动车发生碰撞或其他类似紧急状况时可以对乘员起到保护作用；也可以应用在其他领域中，例如也可以应用在游乐设施、飞行器或水上交通工具中。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，在壳体的轴向方向上观察，所述排气开口设置在壳体的中部区域中，所述中部区域的高度尺寸不超过整个壳体的高度尺寸的4/5，优选不超过3/4，例如不超过2/3，特别是为整个壳体的高度尺寸的1/2或1/3。在中部区域的高度尺寸为整个壳体的高度尺寸的2/3时，中部区域与壳体的在轴向方向上的顶点和底点的轴向距离分别为整个壳体的高度尺寸的1/6。在中部区域的高度尺寸为整个壳体的高度尺寸的1/2时，中部区域与壳体的在轴向方向上的顶点和底点的轴向距离分别为整个壳体的高度尺寸的1/4。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述壳体构造成筒状的，所述壳体包括顶壁、底壁和圆周壁；所述壳体构造成两体式的，所述壳体包括具有底壁的第一壳体部件和具有顶壁的第二壳体部件，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘连接；所述不平结构包括多个离散的从第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘朝内伸出的凸起和/或多个离散的从第二壳体部件的圆周壁的内壁面伸出的并且与第二壳体部 件的敞开的边缘隔开距离的凸起，并且/或者所述不平结构包括多个离散的在第二壳体部件的圆周壁的内壁面上设置的凹槽。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述凹槽在参考壳体的中心轴线的轴向方向上延伸，或者所述凹槽参考壳体的中心轴线螺旋形地延伸。凹槽的其他走向也是可行的。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述过滤器构造成空心圆柱状的，所述过滤器的两端分别支撑在壳体的内壁面上，所述过滤器的内壁面与壳体的内壁面共同地限定产气药剂室。也可能的是，所述过滤器单独地限定产气药剂室。所述过滤器也可以具有其他形状，例如近似球形的或者纺锤状的。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述气体发生器可以包括点火装置，所述点火装置安装在壳体中并且伸入到产气药剂室中。也可能的是，在壳体外部对产气药剂进行引燃。
所述目的还通过一种充气式安全装置达到，其包括充气元件以及按本发明的气体发生器，所述气体发生器的排气出口与充气元件连接。
按本发明的一种有利的实施方式，所述充气式安全装置可以是用于机动车的安全气囊、充气式安全带或者充气式安全背心。
在此需要指出的是，在本申请中的各技术特征可以任意地相互组合，只要这种组合不是自相矛盾的。所有这些可行的组合都是本申请记载的技术内容。
附图说明
下面借助实施例参照附图更好地解释本发明。示意性的附图简要说明如下：
图1和图2分别显示气体发生器在没有不平结构的情况下在工作时的示意性的纵截面图；
图3显示按本发明的一种实施方式的气体发生器的示意性的纵截面图；
图4显示按图3的气体发生器的第一壳体部件连同过滤器的示意俯视图；
图5显示按图3和图4的气体发生器的壳体的第一壳体部件的透视图；并且
图6和图7分别显示第一壳体部件的一种变型方案的透视图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，首先借助于图1和图2简要说明气体发生器在没有不平结构的情况下的工作状况。图1和图2分别显示气体发生器在工作时的示意性的纵截 面图。该气体发生器包括构成为压力容器的壳体1和设置在壳体中的透气的过滤器2。所述壳体1可以构成为筒状的，包括顶壁、底壁和圆周壁。所述壳体构造成两体式的，所述壳体包括具有底壁的第一壳体部件1a和具有顶壁的第二壳体部件1b，所述第一壳体部件1a的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件1b的敞开的边缘气密地连接。在第二壳体部件1b的圆周壁上分布地设置多个排气开口7。虽然唯一一个排气开口7也是可行的，但是优选多个在壳体的圆周壁上、特别是在第二壳体部件1b的圆周壁上均匀分布地设置在同一高度上的排气开口7，以便实现特别良好的排气。排气开口7例如可以与气囊连接。
如图1和图2所示，过滤器2可以构造成空心圆柱状的，所述过滤器2的两端分别支撑在壳体的顶壁和底壁上，所述过滤器的内壁面与壳体的顶壁和底壁共同地限定产气药剂室5。在产气药剂室5中容纳能被引燃的产气药剂3，点火装置4安装在第一壳体部件1a中并且伸入到产气药剂室5中。在壳体1的内壁面11与过滤器2的外壁面12之间形成流动通道6，排气开口7设置在壳体1的限定流动通道的壁中。目前广泛使用火药作为产气药剂，其能被点火装置点燃。也有可能的是，两种或者更多种组分在相互接触或者混合时发生化学反应并且因此产生气体，其中，这些组分被隔离地安置，并且例如在机动车碰撞时置于彼此接触或彼此混合中。这种多组分的产气药剂也应被视为本发明意义上的“能被引燃的产气药剂”。
点火装置4一旦被触发，就会引燃产气药剂3，于是产气药剂能够迅速产生无毒无害气体。气体在压力下穿过过滤器2，过滤干净的气体经由流动通道6和排气开口7排出到充气式安全装置的充气元件中。在图1中用方向箭头示意性地表示气体从产气药剂室5、穿过过滤器2、经由流动通道6和排气开口7排出的气流走向。流动通道6通常是一个环形的空间。产生的气体从产气药剂室5基本上沿径向在过滤器2的圆周壁上穿过。在图1中仅仅用方向箭头示意性表示了经过其中一个排气开口7的气流的走向。过滤器的膨胀变形在图1中未描述。图2示意性地在一侧用点划线描述了过滤器2在工作时可能的膨胀变形。在实际中，过滤器5通常在整个圆周上发生鼓突。当过滤器2在工作时的膨胀变形过大时，有可能过滤器2的外壁面12贴靠在壳体1的内壁面11上，使得流动通道6的在图2中所示的下部区域与排气开口7隔离，使得该下部区域成为死容积，过滤器5在下部区域中失去过滤功能。
壳体1可以具有固定元件10，其例如可以将壳体固定在机动车中，或者将充气元件固定在壳体上。固定元件10例如可以是凸缘或者凸耳。
图3显示按本发明的一种实施方式的气体发生器的示意性的纵截面图，图4显示按图3的气体发生器的第一壳体部件连同过滤器的示意俯视图，并且图5显示按图3和图4的气体发生器的壳体的第一壳体部件的透视图。除了构造成凸起8a的不平结构之外，在其他方面，按图3和图4的气体发生器可以与按图1和图2的气体发生器相同或类似地构成。下面主要说明构造成凸起8a的不平结构。在第一壳体部件1a的敞开的边缘上构成4个凸起8a，它们在圆周方向上彼此间隔距离并且分别构成为环段。在过滤器2的未变形的初始状态下，这些环段可以与过滤器2接触或者具有间隙。在图4中可见，在气体发生器工作时，过滤器2膨胀变形，使得过滤器被各凸起8a支撑，其中，通过相邻凸起8a之间的缺口9，整个流动通道6保持通畅，在流动通道6中不会形成被隔离的死容积。
图6显示第一壳体部件1a的一种变型方案的透视图。按图6的第一壳体部件与按图5的第一壳体部件的区别在于，凸起8a在第一壳体部件1a的轴向方向上相对于第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘缩进。
图7显示第一壳体部件1a的另一种变型方案的透视图。在此，不平结构构成为多个在壳体部件1a的圆周壁的内壁面上分布设置的、在第一壳体部件1a的轴向方向上延伸的凹部8b，这些凹部可以均匀分布地设置。
在图5至图7所示的实施方式中，不平结构只包括凸起或者只包括凹部。不言而喻，由凸起和凹部组成的不平结构也是可行的，它们例如可以彼此交替地设置在壳体的圆周壁的内壁面上。
上面借助具体实施例对本发明进行更加详细的说明。最后要指出的是，本发明的上述具体实施例仅仅用于理解本发明，而不对本发明的保护范围构成限制。对于本领域技术人员来说，在上述实施例的基础上可以做出修改，所有这些修改都不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种气体发生器，该气体发生器包括构成为压力容器的壳体(1)和设置在壳体中的透气的过滤器(2)，所述过滤器至少部分地限定产气药剂室(5)，在产气药剂室中容纳能被引燃的产气药剂(3)，在壳体的内壁面(11)与过滤器的外壁面(12)之间形成流动通道(6)，所述壳体具有排气开口(7)，所述排气开口设置在壳体的限定流动通道的壁中；
    其特征在于，所述壳体的限定流动通道的内壁面(11)具有不平结构，所述不平结构构造成：即使过滤器(2)在工作时的膨胀变形使过滤器的外壁面(12)与壳体的带有不平结构的内壁面(11)贴靠，在流动通道(6)中也不产生死容积。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述不平结构包括从壳体的内壁面伸出的凸起(8a)和/或从壳体的内壁面凹陷的凹部(8b)；
    优选地，所述凸起(8a)构造成多个在壳体的内壁面的环周上的、彼此隔开距离的环段，和/或所述凹部(8b)构造成多个在壳体的内壁面的环周上的、彼此隔开距离的凹槽；
    优选地，各环段构造成同样的并且在环周上均匀分布，和/或各凹槽构造成同样的并且在环周上均匀分布；
    优选地，在过滤器(2)的未变形的初始状态下，所述凸起(8a)贴靠在过滤器的外壁面(12)上或者与过滤器的外壁面(12)隔开距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)构造成筒状的，所述壳体包括顶壁、底壁和圆周壁；
    优选地，所述壳体(1)构造成两体式的，所述壳体(1)包括具有底壁的第一壳体部件(1a)和具有顶壁的第二壳体部件(1b)，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘连接；
    优选地，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘焊接连接；
    优选地，所述排气开口(7)的数量为多个，并且各排气开口在壳体(1)的圆周 壁上分布设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述排气开口(7)构造成用于与机动车的充气式安全装置的充气元件连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，在壳体(1)的轴向方向上观察，所述排气开口(7)设置在壳体的中部区域中，所述中部区域的高度尺寸不超过整个壳体的高度尺寸的2/3。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，
    所述壳体(1)构造成筒状的，所述壳体包括顶壁、底壁和圆周壁；
    所述壳体(1)构造成两体式的，所述壳体包括具有底壁的第一壳体部件(1a)和具有顶壁的第二壳体部件(1b)，所述第一壳体部件的敞开的边缘与所述第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘连接；
    所述不平结构包括多个离散的从第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘朝内伸出的凸起或多个离散的从第二壳体部件的圆周壁的内壁面伸出的并且与第二壳体部件的敞开的边缘隔开距离的凸起，并且/或者所述不平结构包括多个离散的在第二壳体部件的圆周壁的内壁面上设置的凹槽。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述凹槽在参考壳体的中心轴线的轴向方向上延伸，或者所述凹槽参考壳体的中心轴线螺旋形地延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述过滤器(2)构造成空心圆柱状的，所述过滤器的两端分别支撑在壳体的内壁面上，所述过滤器的内壁面与壳体的内壁面共同地限定产气药剂室(5)；和/或
    所述气体发生器包括点火装置(4)，所述点火装置安装在壳体中并且伸入到产气药剂室(5)中。
  9. 一种充气式安全装置，其包括充气元件，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述充气式安全装置包括根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的气体发生器，所述气体发生器的排气出口与充气元件连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的充气式安全装置，其特征在于，所述充气式安全装置是用于机动车的安全气囊、充气式安全带或者充气式安全背心。
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JP2015009625A (ja) * 2013-06-27 2015-01-19 日本化薬株式会社 ガス発生器
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CN109353304A (zh) * 2018-11-06 2019-02-19 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 气体发生器和充气式安全装置
CN209159644U (zh) * 2018-11-06 2019-07-26 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 气体发生器和充气式安全装置

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