WO2020093699A1 - 一种伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端 - Google Patents

一种伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093699A1
WO2020093699A1 PCT/CN2019/091569 CN2019091569W WO2020093699A1 WO 2020093699 A1 WO2020093699 A1 WO 2020093699A1 CN 2019091569 W CN2019091569 W CN 2019091569W WO 2020093699 A1 WO2020093699 A1 WO 2020093699A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
telescopic
guide
electromagnet
guide block
accommodating groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/091569
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王彦彬
张磊
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020093699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093699A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • H04M1/0264—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a camera module assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/0206—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings
    • H04M1/0208—Portable telephones comprising a plurality of mechanically joined movable body parts, e.g. hinged housings characterized by the relative motions of the body parts
    • H04M1/0235—Slidable or telescopic telephones, i.e. with a relative translation movement of the body parts; Telephones using a combination of translation and other relative motions of the body parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices

Definitions

  • This application involves but is not limited to electronic device manufacturing technology.
  • the embodiments of the present application are expected to provide a telescopic mechanism, a camera device, and a terminal.
  • the present application provides a telescopic mechanism.
  • the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic portion and a receiving groove for accommodating the telescopic portion.
  • the telescopic portion can extend beyond the receiving groove and can be retracted and hidden in the In the accommodating groove;
  • the accommodating groove is provided with a telescopic drive component that drives the telescopic part to extend or retract the accommodating groove;
  • the telescopic drive component includes an electromagnet and the telescopic mechanism Controlling the extension or retraction of the telescopic part by controlling the electricity gain or loss of electricity of the electromagnet
  • the present application also provides a camera device including a camera and any one of the telescopic mechanisms described above; the camera is provided on the front or back of the telescopic portion, and the camera is located on the telescopic portion Work when protruding out of the accommodating groove.
  • the present application also provides a terminal, which includes a body and any one of the telescopic mechanisms described above; the telescopic mechanism is located at the top of the body, and a rectangular slot with an upward opening is formed at the top of the body.
  • the rectangular groove is the accommodating groove.
  • the telescopic mechanism, camera device and terminal provided in the embodiments of the present application include that the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic portion and an accommodating groove for accommodating the telescopic portion.
  • the telescopic portion can extend beyond the accommodating groove. It can be retracted and hidden in the accommodating groove; the accommodating groove is provided with a telescopic drive component that drives the telescopic portion to extend or retract the accommodating groove; the telescopic drive component includes
  • the telescopic mechanism controls the extension or retraction of the telescopic portion by controlling the electrification or de-energization of the electromagnet. It can be seen that the telescopic mechanism, camera device, and terminal of the embodiments of the present application can improve the aesthetics of the terminal including the mobile phone, and will not affect the user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is not extended;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mobile phone according to the embodiment of the present application when the telescopic portion is extended;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic mechanism in a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is not extended;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic mechanism in a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is extended;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a telescopic mechanism in a mobile phone according to an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic guide block in a telescopic mechanism of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a working circuit of a first electromagnet in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of working circuits of the second electromagnet and the third electromagnet in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides a telescoping mechanism.
  • the telescoping mechanism includes a telescoping portion and an accommodating groove for accommodating the telescopic portion.
  • the telescopic portion can extend beyond the accommodating groove and retract.
  • Hidden in the accommodating groove; the accommodating groove is provided with a telescopic drive component that drives the telescopic portion to extend or retract the accommodating groove; the telescopic drive component includes an electromagnet,
  • the telescopic mechanism controls the extension or retraction of the telescopic portion by controlling the electrification or de-energization of the electromagnet.
  • the telescopic mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application, the power for telescoping comes from the electromagnet, the electromagnet occupies a small space, the control is simple, and the cost is low.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be an electrical connection, or it may be a connection between two elements, or it may be directly connected It can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be an electrical connection, or it may be a connection between two elements, or it may be directly connected It can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • first ⁇ second ⁇ third involved in the embodiments of the present application is only to distinguish similar objects, and does not represent a specific order for objects. Understandably, “first ⁇ second ⁇ third" “Three” can be exchanged in a specific order or sequential order when allowed. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by “first ⁇ second ⁇ third” may be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.
  • the telescopic driving component may include a first electromagnet, a telescopic guide block, and a first return spring; the telescopic guide block is slidably disposed at the bottom of the accommodating groove, and can be based on the accommodating groove The bottom is laterally moved perpendicular to the direction of the telescopic movement; one end of the telescopic guide block is connected to the first return spring, and the other end is provided with a first magnetic piece matching the first electromagnet.
  • the first return spring is a tension spring, and one end of the first return spring is fixed to The inner wall of the accommodating groove is connected to the telescopic guide block at the other end;
  • the first electromagnet when the first electromagnet is energized, the first electromagnet attracts the first magnetic piece of the telescopic guide block, the The telescopic guide block moves in the direction of the first electromagnet, and pushes the telescopic portion upwardly out of the accommodating groove by the ejection structure above; when the first electromagnet loses power, the telescopic guide Block in the first Reset spring, the pulling, the telescoping portion free fall under gravity, retracting the receiving groove.
  • the first electromagnet is only a type of electromagnet that generates magnetic attraction through electric energy, and does not include a push rod and other moving parts. In this way, the structure of the telescopic drive component is simple, the control is convenient, and the cost is low.
  • the telescopic guide block can make The ejection force of the ejection structure to eject the telescopic portion is more uniform and soft; those skilled in the art can understand that the telescopic driving component may also be in other ways, and the first electromagnet may also be of other types, for example, the The first electromagnet may be a push-type electromagnet, a push rod of the push-type electromagnet is connected to the telescopic portion, and when the push electromagnet is energized, the push rod pushes the telescopic portion to extend, otherwise , The telescopic part retracts, but this way of pushing the telescopic part directly through the push-type electromagnet has a faster speed, the ejection force is not soft enough, and the telescopic part is more likely to be damaged.
  • the telescopic driving component may further include a second return spring; the second return spring is an extension spring, one end of the second return spring is fixed to the first electromagnet, and the other end is connected
  • the telescopic portion when the first electromagnet is de-energized, the telescopic guide block is reset by the first return spring, and the telescopic portion is reset and retracted by the second return spring In the accommodating groove. In this way, it is easier to control and more reliable than retracting the telescopic portion by gravity.
  • the ejection structure may include a guide arc surface disposed above the telescopic guide block, the guide arc surface being configured such that the telescopic guide block is oriented in the direction of the first electromagnet When moving in the direction, the guide arc surface pushes the telescopic portion to move unidirectionally upward; a guide arm matching the guide arc surface is provided below the telescopic portion, and at least one point on the guide arm can contact the Describe any point on the guide arc.
  • the front shell of the mobile terminal in order to realize the automatic micro-expansion of the telescopic mechanism in a small space, the front shell of the mobile terminal can be cut apart, a lateral curved slide rail structure can be placed, and the controllable lateral reciprocating motion can be converted using prefabricated elastic force Into longitudinal reciprocating motion.
  • the guide arc surface is a circular arc surface with arcs in only one direction, which is simple to design and manufacture.
  • the setting requirement of the guide arc surface is that the telescopic guide block is oriented in the direction of the first electromagnet.
  • the guide arc surface pushes the telescopic portion to move upward in one direction, instead of going up and down, according to such requirements, the arc surface can be set as:
  • the angle between the tangent of a point and the movement direction of the telescopic part is less than 90 degrees; the guide arm is to facilitate the guide arc surface to be in good contact with the telescopic part and push the telescopic part to move upward, so
  • the requirement for setting the guide arm is that at least one point on the guide arm can contact any point on the guide arc surface. That is, it is ensured that at least one point on the guide arm can always contact the guide arc surface, and when the telescopic guide block is continuously moved in one direction toward the first electromagnet, the telescopic
  • the center of the arc surface may be above the arc surface, so that when the telescopic guide block moves unidirectionally in the direction of the first electromagnet, the telescopic portion moves unidirectionally upward
  • the speed will gradually increase from slow to fast, so that the cooperation between the telescopic portion and the accommodating groove is better, and it is not easy to be damaged due to friction.
  • the center of the arc surface can also be below the arc surface. In this way, the moving speed of the telescopic portion changes from fast to slow, and the user's visual aesthetics will be very good.
  • the ejection structure may also be other structures, for example, a guide slope may be provided above the telescopic guide block, or it may play a role of ejecting the telescopic portion during lateral movement . In this way, the moving speed of the telescopic portion is constant and more stable.
  • the ejection structure may include two guide arc surfaces, and two guide arms corresponding to the guide arc surfaces are provided below the telescopic portion, and between the two guide arc surfaces The distance is the same as the distance between the two guide arms.
  • two guide arc surfaces and two guide arms are provided, which can increase the fitting area, make the ejection force more uniform and soft, and more flexible smooth.
  • more guide arcs and guide arms can also be provided.
  • the bottom of the accommodating groove may be provided with a first guide groove matching the telescopic guide block.
  • the first guide groove may not be provided, as long as the bottom of the telescopic guide block and the bottom of the accommodating groove are sufficiently smooth; in addition, for smoother movement of the telescopic guide block, lubrication may be preset in the first guide groove oil.
  • At least one inner side wall of the accommodating groove may be provided with a second guide groove matching the telescopic portion.
  • the second guide groove may not be provided, as long as the side surface of the telescopic portion and the side wall of the accommodating groove are sufficiently smooth; in addition, for smooth movement of the telescopic portion, lubricating oil may be preset in the second guide groove .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is not extended
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is extended.
  • the mobile phone includes a body 1 and Telescopic part 2; the telescopic part 2 can be hidden inside the body 1, as shown in Figure 1; it can also extend out of the body 1, as shown in Figure 2; wherein, the telescopic part 2 and the mobile phone
  • the motherboards can be connected through a flexible printed circuit (FPC, Flexible, Printed, Circuit).
  • FPC Flexible, Printed, Circuit
  • the telescopic portion 2 is equipped with a camera 8, an earpiece 9, a proximity sensor 10, and a light sensor 11.
  • the camera 8, earpiece 9, and proximity sensor 10 are all installed on the front of the telescopic portion, and the light sensor 11 is arranged to the upper right Corner arc.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic mechanism in a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application when a telescopic portion is not extended
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic mechanism in a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the application when a telescopic portion is extended
  • FIG. 5 is a mobile phone Exploded view of the telescopic mechanism; as shown in FIGS.
  • the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic portion 2, a telescopic guide block 3, a first return spring 4, and a first electromagnet 5;
  • the body 1 is provided with a housing
  • the accommodating groove of the telescopic mechanism, the bottom of the accommodating groove is provided with a first guide groove 1-1;
  • the side wall of the accommodating groove is provided with a second guide groove 1-2, and the telescopic portion 2 is provided with a guide Arm 2-1, second return spring 2-2; two guide arc surfaces 3-2 are provided above the telescopic guide block 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic guide block in a telescopic mechanism of a mobile phone according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an end of the telescopic guide block 3 near the first electromagnet 5 is provided with a first magnetic sheet 3- 3.
  • the other end is connected to the first return spring 4; here, the telescopic guide block can be made very thin, such as 1 to 2 mm, occupying very little internal space of the mobile phone;
  • the two guide arc surfaces 3-2 may include a first guide arc surface and a second guide arc surface that gradually rise from the direction of the first magnetic attraction piece to the first return spring, where the first The guide arc is divided into three parts in order from the lowest point to the highest point, which are the first static curved surface end 3-2-1a, the first rising surface 3-2-2a and the first stop arc surface 3-2- 3a; the second guide arc is divided into three parts in order from the lowest point to the highest point, which are the second stationary curved surface end 3-2-1b, the second rising surface 3-2-2b and the second stop arc surface 3-2-3b; as an implementation, the first static curved surface end 3-2-1a is 0.5 degrees smaller than the second static curved surface end 3-2-1b, and the first rising surface 3-2- 2a is larger than the inclined angle of the second rising surface 3-2-2b by 0.5 degrees.
  • the design balances manufacturing tolerances.
  • the arcs of the first stop arc surface 3-2-3a and the second stop arc surface 3-2-3b are completely the same
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working circuit of the first electromagnet in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first switch 7-1 when the first switch 7-1 is turned on, the first electromagnet 5 can be powered based on the power supply 7-2;
  • a switch 7-1 When a switch 7-1 is turned off, the first electromagnet 5 is in a de-energized state.
  • the working process of the telescopic mechanism is: when the first electromagnet 5 is powered, the first electromagnet 5 attracts the first magnetic sheet 3-3, the telescopic The guide block 3 moves in the direction of the first electromagnet 5, and pushes the telescopic portion 2 upwardly out of the accommodating groove through the upper guide arc surface 3-2; the first electromagnet 5 loses power At this time, the telescopic guide block 3 is reset under the pulling of the first return spring 4, and the telescopic portion 2 is reset and retracted into the accommodating groove under the pull of the second reset spring 2-2. Wherein, the telescopic guide block 3 slides through the first guide groove 1-1, and the telescopic portion 2 slides through the second guide groove 1-2.
  • the second embodiment of the present application proposes another telescopic mechanism.
  • the second embodiment of the present application is basically similar to the implementation of the telescopic mechanism of the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences include :
  • the moving direction of the telescopic guide block is described in detail below.
  • the telescopic driving component may include a first electromagnet, a telescopic guide block, and a first return spring; the telescopic guide block is slidably disposed at the bottom of the receiving slot, and can move based on the bottom of the receiving slot,
  • the movement direction of the telescopic guide block is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the telescopic movement direction.
  • the top of the telescopic guide block is provided with an ejection structure that can push the telescopic portion to perform telescopic movement when the telescopic guide block moves;
  • the first return spring is a tension spring, and one end of the first return spring is fixed
  • the telescopic guide block is connected to the other end of the inner side wall of the accommodating groove.
  • the bottom of the accommodating groove is provided with a first guide groove matching the telescopic guide block.
  • the bottom of the telescopic guide block slides on the first guide groove.
  • the third embodiment of the present application proposes another telescopic mechanism.
  • the difference between the third embodiment of the present application and the telescopic mechanism of the first embodiment of the present application is: the setting of the telescopic driving component The method will be described in detail below.
  • the telescopic driving component includes at least two electromagnets, and the telescopic mechanism controls the extension or retraction of the telescopic portion by controlling the electrification or de-energization of the electromagnet.
  • the telescopic drive component includes a second electromagnet, a third electromagnet, and a telescopic guide block;
  • the telescopic guide block is slidably disposed at the bottom of the receiving slot, and can be based on the bottom of the receiving slot Move non-parallel to the direction of the telescopic movement;
  • one end of the telescopic guide block is equipped with a second magnetic suction piece matching the second electromagnet, and the other end is equipped with a matching with the third electromagnet
  • the third magnetic suction piece, above the telescopic guide block is provided with an ejection structure that can push the telescopic portion to perform telescopic movement when the telescopic guide block moves;
  • the second electromagnet is energized and the third When the electromagnet loses power, the second electromagnet attracts the second magnetic piece of the telescopic guide block, the telescopic guide block moves in the direction of the second electromagnet, and pushes the The telescopic part extend
  • the second electromagnet and the third electromagnet are only one type of electromagnet that generates magnetic attraction through electrical energy, and there is no moving part such as a push rod.
  • the structure of the telescopic drive component is simple, the control is convenient, and the cost is low.
  • the guide block can make the ejection force of the ejection structure to eject the telescopic portion more uniform and soft.
  • the telescopic drive component further includes a third return spring;
  • the third return spring is an extension spring, one end of the third return spring is fixed to the second electromagnet, and the other end is connected to the The telescopic part; when the second electromagnet is de-energized, the telescopic guide block is reset under the attraction of the third electromagnet, and the telescopic part is reset and retracted under the pulling of the third reset spring In the accommodating groove. In this way, it is easier to control and more reliable than retracting the telescopic portion by gravity.
  • the ejecting structure includes a guide arc surface provided above the telescopic guide block, and the guide arc surface is configured such that the telescopic guide block is unidirectional in the direction of the second electromagnet When moving, the guide arc surface pushes the telescopic portion to move upwards in one direction; a guide arm matching the guide arc surface is provided below the telescopic portion, and at least one point on the guide arm can contact the Guide any point on the arc.
  • the second switch 8-1 is a single-pole double-throw switch and can selectively contact the contact A or the contact B
  • the second electromagnet 8-2 is energized under the action of the power supply 8-2, and at the same time, the third electromagnet 8-3 loses power; otherwise, when the second switch When 8-2 contacts contact B, the third electromagnet 8-3 is energized under the action of the power supply 8-2, and at the same time, the second electromagnet 8-2 loses power; referring to FIG.
  • the working process of the telescopic mechanism When the second electromagnet 8-2 is energized and the third electromagnet 8-3 is de-energized, the second electromagnet 8-2 attracts the second magnetic piece, and the telescopic guide block faces the The second electromagnet moves in the direction, and pushes the telescopic portion upwardly beyond the accommodating groove through the upper guide arc surface; the second electromagnet 8-2 loses power and the third electromagnet 8-3 gets When electricity is applied, the third electromagnet 8-3 attracts the third magnetic sheet, the telescopic guide block moves in the direction of the third electromagnet, and the telescopic portion attracts the third electromagnet 8-3 Reset and retract under cooperation Accommodate the groove.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application proposes another telescopic mechanism.
  • the telescopic driving component further includes a hydraulic driving component or The motor drive component, the hydraulic drive component or the motor drive component includes a control element configured to control the extension or retraction of the telescopic portion.
  • the processor may send a first control signal to the control element when the first electromagnet is energized or the second electromagnet is energized, the first control signal is configured to control the extension of the telescopic portion, In this way, when the control element receives the first control signal, it can control the extension part to extend out of the accommodating groove; the processor can also send the control element to the control element when the first electromagnet loses power or the second electromagnet loses power.
  • Sending a second control signal the second control signal is configured to control the retractable portion to retract, so that after the control element receives the second control signal, the retractable portion can be controlled to retract into the receiving slot.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present application provides an imaging device.
  • the camera device includes a camera and any one of the telescoping mechanisms described in the previous embodiments; the camera is disposed on the front or back of the telescoping portion of the telescoping mechanism, and the camera protrudes beyond the accommodating groove in the telescoping portion Work.
  • the telescopic mechanism is configured to extend or retract the camera to the accommodating groove. In this way, the camera is better protected and not easily damaged.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present application provides a terminal.
  • the terminal includes a body and any one of the telescopic mechanisms described above; the telescopic mechanism is located at the top of the body, and a rectangular slot with an upward opening is opened at the top of the body, and the rectangular slot is the accommodating slot .
  • the retractable mechanism may provide more functions in the retractable portion of the retractable mechanism when the front area of the terminal is limited, so that the terminal can obtain a larger display screen on the front.
  • the terminal of the embodiment of the present application can mainly improve the appearance and aesthetics, increase the screen-to-body ratio, and at the same time have a novel structure and shape to improve user satisfaction.
  • the terminal here may be a mobile phone. Therefore, as an implementation manner, the telescopic portion may include a component mounting area where functional components are mounted and a mating area that cooperates with the body.
  • the shape of the component mounting area is rectangular;
  • the component mounting area is equipped with a camera, earpiece, proximity sensor and light sensor; the camera is mounted on the front or back of the component mounting area, the earpiece and proximity sensor are both mounted on the front of the component mounting area, the light
  • the sensor is installed at any corner above the component mounting area.
  • the camera, earpiece, proximity sensor and light sensor are all conventional configurations of mobile phones and will not be described.
  • the corners where the light sensor is installed in the design of the mobile phone, the corners where the light sensor is installed, namely the four corners of the phone, are often rounded, so the light sensor is installed at the corner of the phone At the arc.
  • the whole machine when the user does not need the functions of the proximity sensor, front camera, and earpiece device when browsing the web or watching videos, the whole machine is in a full-screen state; when receiving a call or using When the camera and other related functions are installed, the system triggers the electromagnetic switch, and the top of the front case of the whole machine slides out to reveal the hidden structure.
  • the terminal can also be other electronic equipment products such as tablet computers, ordinary computers and notebook computers, that is, the telescopic mechanism can be applied to not only camera devices, mobile phones, but also tablet computers, Ordinary computers and notebook computers and other electronic equipment products.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部和容置所述伸缩部的容置槽，所述伸缩部能伸出所述容置槽之外，也能缩回隐藏于所述容置槽内；所述容置槽内设有驱动所述伸缩部做伸出或缩回所述容置槽的伸缩运动的伸缩驱动部件；所述伸缩驱动部件包括电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制所述电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回。

Description

一种伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201811334447.7、申请日为2018年11月09日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于电子设备制造技术。
背景技术
随着科技的进步和生活水平的提高，用户对手机的要求越来越高。为了在手机正面面积不变的情况下，获得更大的屏幕，“全面屏”已成为一种手机发展趋势。
但是采用“全面屏”设计的手机中，前置摄像头或听筒的放置成为一个难题，目前主流的方案为“刘海”缺口屏幕、“U”形缺口屏幕和“带下巴”屏幕，摄像头进光处设置于缺口或下巴上，听筒设置于缺口上或采用固体振动传导；其中“刘海”缺口屏幕和“U”形缺口屏幕在外形上不够美观，而“带下巴”屏幕中，用户在自拍时，容易出现大脸效果，或者自拍时需要上下翻转手机，增加拍摄时的动作过程，用户体验差。
发明内容
为解决相关技术问题，本申请实施例期望提供一种伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端。
本申请实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
本申请提供了一种伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部和容置所述伸缩部的容置槽，所述伸缩部能伸出所述容置槽之外，也能缩回隐藏于所述 容置槽内；所述容置槽内设有驱动所述伸缩部做伸出或缩回所述容置槽的伸缩运动的伸缩驱动部件；所述伸缩驱动部件包括电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制所述电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回
本申请还提供了一种摄像装置，所述摄像装装置包括摄像头和上面所述的任意一种伸缩机构；所述摄像头设置于所述伸缩部的正面或背面，所述摄像头在所述伸缩部伸出所述容置槽之外时工作。
本申请还提供了一种终端，所述终端包括本体和上面所述的任意一种伸缩机构；所述伸缩机构位于所述本体的顶端，所述本体顶部开设有开口朝上的矩形槽，所述矩形槽为所述容置槽。
本申请实施例所提供的伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端，包括所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部和容置所述伸缩部的容置槽，所述伸缩部能伸出所述容置槽之外，也能缩回隐藏于所述容置槽内；所述容置槽内设有驱动所述伸缩部做伸出或缩回所述容置槽的伸缩运动的伸缩驱动部件；所述伸缩驱动部件包括电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制所述电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回。可见，本申请实施例的伸缩机构、摄像装置和终端，能提高包括手机在内的终端的美观度，且不会影响用户使用体验。
本申请实施例的其他有益效果将在具体实施方式中结合具体技术方案进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例手机在伸缩部未伸出时的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例手机在伸缩部伸出时的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构在伸缩部未伸出时的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构在伸缩部伸出时的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构的爆炸图；
图6为本申请实施例手机的伸缩机构中的伸缩引导块的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中第一电磁铁的工作电路示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中第二电磁铁和第三电磁铁的工作电路示意图。
具体实施方式
手机“全面屏”的相关技术中，除了“刘海”缺口屏幕、“U”形缺口屏幕和“带下巴”屏幕外，还可以采用如下几种方案实现：1)异型屏，避开听筒及传感器开孔。此方案由于屏幕昂贵，只能用于高端产品。2)通过ID造型将听筒及传感器放置在前壳与屏幕围成的缝隙中，感官上感觉屏占比大于实际情况。此方案首先受限于造型，不是所有的屏幕造型都可以采用此方案；其次出音孔面积较小，实现的话需要牺牲音频品质。3)采用前置摄像头伸缩、翻转或综合运动方式向后隐藏。此方案由于考虑内置旋转空间，给主板布局带来很大的困难。
针对以上问题，提出以下各实施例。
第一实施例
本申请第一实施例提供了一种伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部和容置所述伸缩部的容置槽，所述伸缩部能伸出所述容置槽之外，也能缩回隐藏于所述容置槽内；所述容置槽内设有驱动所述伸缩部做伸出或缩回所述容置槽的伸缩运动的伸缩驱动部件；所述伸缩驱动部件包括电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制所述电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回。本申请实施例提供的伸缩机构，伸缩的动力来自电磁铁，电磁铁占用空间小，控制简单，成本低。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例记载中，除非另有说明和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是电连接，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例所涉及的术语“第一\第二\第三”仅仅是区别类似的对象，不代表针对对象的特定排序，可以理解地，“第一\第二\第三”在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解“第一\第二\第三”区分的对象在适当情况下可以互换，以使这里描述的本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
作为一种实现方式，所述伸缩驱动部件可以包括第一电磁铁、伸缩引导块和第一复位弹簧；所述伸缩引导块滑动设置于所述容置槽底部，且能基于所述容置槽底部做垂直于所述伸缩运动方向的横向移动；所述伸缩引导块的一端连接所述第一复位弹簧，另一端装设有与所述第一电磁铁匹配的第一磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块上方设有能在所述伸缩引导块横向移动时推动所述伸缩部做伸缩运动的顶出结构；所述第一复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第一复位弹簧的一端固定于所述容置槽的内侧壁，另一端连接所述伸缩引导块；所述第一电磁铁得电时，所述第一电磁铁吸合所述伸缩引导块的第一磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁方向移动，并通过上方的顶出结构推动所述伸缩部向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第一电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第一复位弹簧的拉动下复位，所述伸缩部在重力作用下自由下落、缩回所述容置槽内。
这里，第一电磁铁仅是通电能产生磁吸力的一种电磁铁，本身不附带推杆等动作部件，这样，伸缩驱动部件的结构简单，控制方便，成本低，通过伸缩引导块，可以使所述顶出结构顶出所述伸缩部的顶出力更加均匀柔和；本领域技术人员能够理解，所述伸缩驱动部件也可以是其它方式，第一电磁铁也可以是其它类型，例如，所述第一电磁铁可以是推式电磁铁，所述推式电磁铁的推杆连接所述伸缩部，当所述推式电磁铁得电时，所述推杆推动所述伸缩部伸出，否则，伸缩部缩回，但是这种直接通过推式电磁铁推动所述伸缩部伸出的方式，速度较快，顶出力不够柔和，更易损坏伸缩部。
作为一种实现方式，所述伸缩驱动部件还可以包括第二复位弹簧；所述第二复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第二复位弹簧的一端固定于所述第一电磁铁，另一端连接所述伸缩部；所述第一电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第一复位弹簧的拉动下复位，所述伸缩部在所述第二复位弹簧的拉动下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。这样，比通过重力将所述伸缩部缩回，更容易控制，更可靠。
作为一种实现方式，所述顶出结构可以包括设置于所述伸缩引导块上方的引导弧面，所述引导弧面被设置为：所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁 铁的方向单向移动时，所述引导弧面推动所述伸缩部向上方单向移动；所述伸缩部下方设置有与所述引导弧面匹配的引导臂，所述引导臂上至少有一点能接触到所述引导弧面上的任意一点。也就是说，本申请实施例中，为了实现伸缩机构在小空间上实现自动化微伸缩，可以将移动终端前壳剖开，放置横向曲面滑轨结构，利用预制弹力使可控的横向往复运动转换成纵向往复运动。
这里，所述引导弧面是只在一个方向有弧度的圆弧面，这样设计和制造简单，所述引导弧面的设置要求是：所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁的方向单向移动时，所述引导弧面推动所述伸缩部向上方单向移动，而不是一会上，一会下，根据这样的要求，所述圆弧面可以设置为：所述引导弧面上任一点的切线与所述伸缩部运动方向的角度小于90度；所述引导臂是为了便于所述引导弧面能很好的接触到所述伸缩部，并推动所述伸缩部向上方移动，因此所述引导臂设置的要求为：所述引导臂上至少有一点能接触到所述引导弧面上的任意一点。即保证引导臂上至少有一点能始终接触所述引导弧面，保证所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁的方向单向持续移动时，所述伸缩部向上方单向持续移动。
进一步地，所述圆弧面的圆心可以在所述圆弧面的上方，这样，所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁的方向单向移动时，所述伸缩部向上方单向移动的速度会从慢到快，逐渐加速，这样，使所述伸缩部与所述容置槽的配合更好，不容易因为摩擦损坏。
本领域技术人员能够理解，所述圆弧面的圆心也可以在所述圆弧面的下方，这样，所述伸缩部的移动速度由快到慢，用户的视觉美感会很好。
本领域技术人员还能够理解，所述顶出结构也可以是其它结构，例如，可以在所述伸缩引导块上方设置引导斜面，也可以起到在横向移动时将所述伸缩部顶出的作用。这样，所述伸缩部的移动速度是恒定的，更稳定。
作为一种实现方式，所述顶出结构可以包括两个引导弧面，所述伸缩部下方设有两个与所述引导弧面对应的引导臂，所述两个引导弧面之间的间距和所述两个引导臂之间的间距相同。本申请实施例中，在在曲面滑轨的运用上，为了提升运动的稳定性，设置两个引导弧面和两个引导臂，可 以增大拟合面积，使顶出力更加均匀柔和，伸缩更平稳。本领域技术人员能够理解，也可以设置更多的引导弧面和引导臂。
作为一种实现方式，所述容置槽的底部可以设有与所述伸缩引导块匹配的第一导槽，所述伸缩引导块横向移动时，所述伸缩引导块的底部在所述第一导槽滑动。这样，伸缩引导块的移动更顺畅。能够理解，也可以不设置第一导槽，只要所述伸缩引导块底部和容置槽底部足够光滑；另外，为了所述伸缩引导块移动更顺畅，所述第一导槽内可以预设润滑油。
作为一种实现方式，所述容置槽可以在至少一个内侧壁设有与所述伸缩部匹配的第二导槽，所述伸缩部做伸缩运动时，所述伸缩部的一侧或两侧在所述第二导槽滑动。这样，伸缩部的移动更顺畅。能够理解，也可以不设置第二导槽，只要所述伸缩部侧面和容置槽侧壁足够光滑；另外，为了所述伸缩部移动更顺畅，所述第二导槽内可以预设润滑油。
以下结合附图，以手机为例，对本申请进行示例性说明。
图1为本申请实施例手机在伸缩部未伸出时的示意图，图2为本申请实施例手机在伸缩部伸出时的示意图，如图1、2所示，所述手机包括本体1和伸缩部2；所述伸缩部2可以隐藏在所述本体1内，如图1所示；也可以伸出所述本体1外，如图2所示；其中，所述伸缩部2与手机的主板之间可以通过柔性电路板(FPC，Flexible Printed Circuit)连接。
所述伸缩部2安装有摄像头8、听筒9、接近传感器10和光传感器11，所述摄像头8、听筒9、接近传感器10均安装于所述伸缩部的正面，所述光传感器11则布置到右上角圆弧处。
图3为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构在伸缩部未伸出时的示意图，图4为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构在伸缩部伸出时的示意图，图5为本申请实施例手机中伸缩机构的爆炸图；如图3、4、5所示，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部2、伸缩引导块3、第一复位弹簧4、第一电磁铁5；所述本体1设有容置所述伸缩机构的容置槽，所述容置槽底部设有第一导槽1-1；所述容置槽侧壁设有第二导槽1-2，所述伸缩部2设有引导臂2-1、第二复位弹簧2-2；所述伸缩引导块3上方设置有2个引导弧面3-2；
图6为本申请实施例手机的伸缩机构中的伸缩引导块的示意图，如图6 所示，所述伸缩引导块3靠近所述第一电磁铁5的一端设置有第一磁吸片3-3、另一端连接所述第一复位弹簧4；这里，所述伸缩引导块可以做得很薄，如1～2mm，占用很少的手机内部空间；
参照图4至图6，2个引导弧面3-2可以包括从第一磁吸片至第一复位弹簧的方向逐渐升高的第一引导弧面和第二引导弧面，其中，第一引导弧面从最低点到最高点依次分为三个部分，分别为第一静置曲面端3-2-1a、第一上升面3-2-2a和第一止位弧面3-2-3a；第二引导弧面从最低点到最高点依次分为三个部分，分别为第二静置曲面端3-2-1b、第二上升面3-2-2b和第二止位弧面3-2-3b；作为一种实现方式，第一静置曲面端3-2-1a比第二静置曲面端3-2-1b的倾斜角度小0.5度，第一上升面3-2-2a比第二上升面3-2-2b的倾斜角度大0.5度，此处设计平衡制造公差。第一止位弧面3-2-3a与第二止位弧面3-2-3b的弧度完全一致。
图7为本申请实施例中第一电磁铁的工作电路示意图，参照图7，在第一开关7-1接通时，第一电磁铁5可以基于电源7-2得电；反之，当第一开关7-1断开时，第一电磁铁5处于失电状态。参照图3至图7，所述伸缩机构的工作过程为：所述第一电磁铁5得电时，所述第一电磁铁5吸合所述第一磁吸片3-3，所述伸缩引导块3向所述第一电磁铁5方向移动，并通过上方的引导弧面3-2推动所述伸缩部2向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第一电磁铁5失电时，所述伸缩引导块3在所述第一复位弹簧4的拉动下复位，所述伸缩部2在所述第二复位弹簧2-2的拉动下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。其中，所述伸缩引导块3通过所述第一导槽1-1滑动，所述伸缩部2通过所述第二导槽1-2滑动。
第二实施例
在本申请第一实施例的基础上，本申请第二实施例提出了另一种伸缩机构，本申请第二实施例与本申请第一实施例的伸缩机构的实现方式基本类似，其区别包括：伸缩引导块的移动方向，下面进行具体说明。
这里，所述伸缩驱动部件可以包括第一电磁铁、伸缩引导块和第一复位弹簧；所述伸缩引导块滑动设置于所述容置槽底部，且能基于所述容置 槽底部进行移动，这里，伸缩引导块的移动方向与伸缩运动方向既不平行，也不垂直。
所述伸缩引导块上方设有能在所述伸缩引导块移动时推动所述伸缩部做伸缩运动的顶出结构；所述第一复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第一复位弹簧的一端固定于所述容置槽的内侧壁，另一端连接所述伸缩引导块。
所述容置槽的底部设有与所述伸缩引导块匹配的第一导槽，所述伸缩引导块移动时，所述伸缩引导块的底部在所述第一导槽滑动。
第三实施例
在本申请第一实施例的基础上，本申请第三实施例提出了又一种伸缩机构，本申请第三实施例与本申请第一实施例的伸缩机构的区别在于：伸缩驱动部件的设置方式，下面进行具体说明。
所述伸缩驱动部件包括至少两个电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回。
作为一种实现方式，所述伸缩驱动部件包括第二电磁铁、第三电磁铁和伸缩引导块；所述伸缩引导块滑动设置于所述容置槽底部，且能基于所述容置槽底部做不平行于所述伸缩运动方向的移动；所述伸缩引导块的一端装设有与所述第二电磁铁匹配的第二磁吸片，另一端装设有与所述第三电磁铁匹配的第三磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块上方设有能在所述伸缩引导块移动时推动所述伸缩部做伸缩运动的顶出结构；所述第二电磁铁得电且所述第三电磁铁失电时，所述第二电磁铁吸合所述伸缩引导块的第二磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第二电磁铁方向移动，并通过上方的顶出结构推动所述伸缩部向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第二电磁铁失电且所述第三电磁铁得电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第三电磁铁吸合作用下复位，所述伸缩部在重力作用下自由下落、缩回所述容置槽内。
这里，第二电磁铁和第三电磁铁仅是通电能产生磁吸力的一种电磁铁，本身不附带推杆等动作部件，这样，伸缩驱动部件的结构简单，控制方便，成本低，通过伸缩引导块，可以使所述顶出结构顶出所述伸缩部的顶出力 更加均匀柔和。
作为一种实现方式，所述伸缩驱动部件还包括第三复位弹簧；所述第三复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第三复位弹簧的一端固定于所述第二电磁铁，另一端连接所述伸缩部；所述第二电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第三电磁铁吸合作用下复位，所述伸缩部在所述第三复位弹簧的拉动下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。这样，比通过重力将所述伸缩部缩回，更容易控制，更可靠。
作为一种实现方式，所述顶出结构包括设置于所述伸缩引导块上方的引导弧面，所述引导弧面被设置为：所述伸缩引导块向所述第二电磁铁的方向单向移动时，所述引导弧面推动所述伸缩部向上方单向移动；所述伸缩部下方设置有与所述引导弧面匹配的引导臂，所述引导臂上至少有一点能接触到所述引导弧面上的任意一点。
本申请第三实施例的引导弧面、第一导槽、第二导槽的实现方式均与本申请第一实施例相同，这里不再赘述。
以下结合附图，对本申请进行示例性说明。
图8为本申请实施例中第二电磁铁和第三电磁铁的工作电路示意图，参照图8，第二开关8-1为单刀双掷开关，可以选择性地接触触点A或触点B；当第二开关8-2接触触点A时，在电源8-2的作用下第二电磁铁8-2得电，同时，第三电磁铁8-3失电；反之，当第二开关8-2接触触点B时，在电源8-2的作用下第三电磁铁8-3得电，同时，第二电磁铁8-2失电；参照图8，所述伸缩机构的工作过程为：所述第二电磁铁8-2得电且第三电磁铁8-3失电时，第二电磁铁8-2吸合所述第二磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第二电磁铁方向移动，并通过上方的引导弧面推动所述伸缩部向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第二电磁铁8-2失电且第三电磁铁8-3得电时，所述第三电磁铁8-3吸合所述第三磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第三电磁铁方向移动，所述伸缩部在第三电磁铁8-3吸合作用下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。
第四实施例
在本申请前述实施例的基础上，本申请第四实施例提出了又一种伸缩机构，本申请第四实施例与本申请第一实施例的区别在于：伸缩驱动部件还包括液压驱动部件或电机驱动部件，液压驱动部件或电机驱动部件包括配置为控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回的控制元件。
在具体实施时，处理器可以在控制第一电磁铁得电或第二电磁铁得电时，向控制元件发送第一控制信号，所述第一控制信号配置为控制所述伸缩部伸出，这样，当控制元件接收到第一控制信号后，可以控制所述伸缩部伸出至容置槽外；处理器也可以在第一电磁铁失电或第二电磁铁失电时，向控制元件发送第二控制信号，所述第二控制信号配置为控制所述伸缩部缩回，这样，当控制元件接收到第二控制信号后，可以控制所述伸缩部缩回至容置槽内。
需要说明的是，如果需要使用本申请第四实施例的伸缩驱动部件来控制伸缩部的伸出或缩回，则与前述实施例记载的伸缩驱动部件相比，较为复杂，造价高，系统可靠性差。
第五实施例
在本申请前述实施例记载的伸缩机构的基础上，本申请第五实施例提供了一种摄像装置。
这里，摄像装置包括摄像头和前述实施例记载的任意一种伸缩机构；所述摄像头设置于伸缩机构的伸缩部的正面或背面，所述摄像头在所述伸缩部伸出所述容置槽之外时工作。所述伸缩机构配置为：将所述摄像头伸出或缩回所述容置槽。这样，摄像头保护的更好，不容易损坏。
第六实施例
在本申请前述实施例记载的伸缩机构的基础上，本申请第五实施例提供了一种终端。
这里，终端包括本体和上面所述的任意一种伸缩机构；所述伸缩机构位于所述本体的顶端，所述本体顶部开设有开口朝上的矩形槽，所述矩形 槽为所述容置槽。所述伸缩机构可以在所述终端的正面面积有限的情况下，在伸缩机构的伸缩部设置更多的功能，这样，所述终端可以在正面获得更大的显示屏幕。另外，本申请实施例的终端可以主要提高外观美感，提升屏占比同时结构造型新颖提升用户满意度。
这里的终端可以是手机，因此，作为一种实现方式，所述伸缩部可以包括安装功能元器件的元件安装区和与所述本体配合的配合区，所述元件安装区的形状为矩形；所述元件安装区安装有摄像头、听筒、接近传感器和光传感器；所述摄像头安装于所述元件安装区的正面或背面，所述听筒、接近传感器均安装于所述元件安装区的正面，所述光传感器安装于所述元件安装区上方的任意一个角部处。
所述摄像头、听筒、接近传感器和光传感器都是手机的常规配置，不作介绍。所述光传感器安装的角部处，在手机的设计中，所述光传感器安装的角部处，即手机的四个角，往往做圆角处理，因此所述光传感器安装在手机角部的圆弧处。
可以理解的是，基于本申请实施例的终端，用户在进行浏览网页、观看视频等不需要接近传感器、前置摄像头、听筒器件的功能时，整机处于全面屏状态；当接听电话或使用前置摄像头等相关功能时，系统触发电磁开关，整机前壳顶端向外滑出，露出隐藏的结构。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，所述终端也可以是平板电脑、普通电脑和笔记本电脑等其它电子设备产品，即所述伸缩机构可以应用于除摄像装置、手机外，也可以应用于平板电脑、普通电脑和笔记本电脑等其它电子设备产品。
以上所述，仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩部和容置所述伸缩部的容置槽，所述伸缩部能伸出所述容置槽之外，也能缩回隐藏于所述容置槽内；所述容置槽内设有驱动所述伸缩部做伸出或缩回所述容置槽的伸缩运动的伸缩驱动部件；所述伸缩驱动部件包括电磁铁，所述伸缩机构通过控制所述电磁铁的得电或失电，控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述伸缩驱动部件包括第一电磁铁、伸缩引导块和第一复位弹簧；所述伸缩引导块滑动设置于所述容置槽底部，且能基于所述容置槽底部做不平行于所述伸缩运动方向的移动；所述伸缩引导块的一端连接所述第一复位弹簧，另一端装设有与所述第一电磁铁匹配的第一磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块上方设有能在所述伸缩引导块移动时推动所述伸缩部做伸缩运动的顶出结构；所述第一复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第一复位弹簧的一端固定于所述容置槽的内侧壁，另一端连接所述伸缩引导块；
    所述第一电磁铁得电时，所述第一电磁铁吸合所述伸缩引导块的第一磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁方向移动，并通过上方的顶出结构推动所述伸缩部向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第一电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第一复位弹簧的拉动下复位，所述伸缩部在重力作用下自由下落、缩回所述容置槽内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述伸缩驱动部件还包括第二复位弹簧；所述第二复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第二复位弹簧的一端固定于所述第一电磁铁，另一端连接所述伸缩部；
    所述第一电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第一复位弹簧的拉动下复位，所述伸缩部在所述第二复位弹簧的拉动下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述顶出结构包括设置于所述伸缩引导块上方的引导弧面，所述引导弧面被设置为：所述伸缩引导块向所述第一电磁铁的方向单向移动时，所述引导弧面推动所述伸缩 部向上方单向移动；所述伸缩部下方设置有与所述引导弧面匹配的引导臂，所述引导臂上至少有一点能接触到所述引导弧面上的任意一点。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述顶出结构包括两个引导弧面，所述伸缩部下方设有两个与所述引导弧面对应的引导臂，所述两个引导弧面之间的间距和所述两个引导臂之间的间距相同。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述容置槽的底部设有与所述伸缩引导块匹配的第一导槽，所述伸缩引导块移动时，所述伸缩引导块的底部在所述第一导槽滑动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述容置槽在至少一个内侧壁设有与所述伸缩部匹配的第二导槽，所述伸缩部做伸缩运动时，所述伸缩部的一侧或两侧在所述第二导槽滑动。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述伸缩驱动部件包括第二电磁铁、第三电磁铁和伸缩引导块；所述伸缩引导块滑动设置于所述容置槽底部，且能基于所述容置槽底部做不平行于所述伸缩运动方向的移动；所述伸缩引导块的一端装设有与所述第二电磁铁匹配的第二磁吸片，另一端装设有与所述第三电磁铁匹配的第三磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块上方设有能在所述伸缩引导块移动时推动所述伸缩部做伸缩运动的顶出结构；
    所述第二电磁铁得电且所述第三电磁铁失电时，所述第二电磁铁吸合所述伸缩引导块的第二磁吸片，所述伸缩引导块向所述第二电磁铁方向移动，并通过上方的顶出结构推动所述伸缩部向上伸出所述容置槽之外；所述第二电磁铁失电且所述第三电磁铁得电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第三电磁铁吸合作用下复位，所述伸缩部在重力作用下自由下落、缩回所述容置槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述伸缩驱动部件还包括第三复位弹簧；所述第三复位弹簧为拉伸弹簧，所述第三复位弹簧的一端固定于所述第二电磁铁，另一端连接所述伸缩部；
    所述第二电磁铁失电时，所述伸缩引导块在所述第三电磁铁吸合作用下复位，所述伸缩部在所述第三复位弹簧的拉动下复位、缩回所述容置槽内。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述顶出结构包括设置于所述伸缩引导块上方的引导弧面，所述引导弧面被设置为：所述伸缩引导块向所述第二电磁铁的方向单向移动时，所述引导弧面推动所述伸缩部向上方单向移动；所述伸缩部下方设置有与所述引导弧面匹配的引导臂，所述引导臂上至少有一点能接触到所述引导弧面上的任意一点。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述顶出结构包括两个引导弧面，所述伸缩部下方设有两个与所述引导弧面对应的引导臂，所述两个引导弧面之间的间距和所述两个引导臂之间的间距相同。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述容置槽的底部设有与所述伸缩引导块匹配的第一导槽，所述伸缩引导块移动时，所述伸缩引导块的底部在所述第一导槽滑动。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述容置槽在至少一个内侧壁设有与所述伸缩部匹配的第二导槽，所述伸缩部做伸缩运动时，所述伸缩部的一侧或两侧在所述第二导槽滑动。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的伸缩机构，其中，所述伸缩驱动部件还包括液压驱动部件或电机驱动部件，所述液压驱动部件或电机驱动部件包括配置为控制所述伸缩部的伸出或缩回的控制元件。
  15. 一种摄像装置，所述摄像装装置包括摄像头和权利要求1至14任一项所述的伸缩机构；所述摄像头设置于所述伸缩部的正面或背面，所述摄像头在所述伸缩部伸出所述容置槽之外时工作。
  16. 一种终端，所述终端包括本体和权利要求1至14任一项所述的伸缩机构；所述伸缩机构位于所述本体的顶端，所述本体顶部开设有开口朝上的矩形槽，所述矩形槽为所述容置槽。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的终端，其中，所述伸缩部包括安装功能元器件的元件安装区和与所述本体配合的配合区，所述元件安装区的形状为矩形；所述元件安装区安装有摄像头、听筒、接近传感器和光传感器；所述摄像头安装于所述元件安装区的正面或背面，所述听筒、接近传感器均安装于所述元件安装区的正面，所述光传感器安装于所述元件安装区上方的任意一个角部处。
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