WO2020078859A1 - Détecteur de fumées pour la détection par secteur de fumées, ainsi que véhicule comportant un détecteur de fumées - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumées pour la détection par secteur de fumées, ainsi que véhicule comportant un détecteur de fumées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020078859A1
WO2020078859A1 PCT/EP2019/077645 EP2019077645W WO2020078859A1 WO 2020078859 A1 WO2020078859 A1 WO 2020078859A1 EP 2019077645 W EP2019077645 W EP 2019077645W WO 2020078859 A1 WO2020078859 A1 WO 2020078859A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
smoke detector
space
openings
wall
smoke
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/077645
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Brunnflicker
Helmut Adamek
Original Assignee
Bombardier Transportation Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bombardier Transportation Gmbh filed Critical Bombardier Transportation Gmbh
Priority to CN201980067867.XA priority Critical patent/CN113168752B/zh
Priority to EP19787221.1A priority patent/EP3867888A1/fr
Publication of WO2020078859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020078859A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smoke detector for the partial detection of
  • Smoke in particular for height-independent detection of smoke in sections, for example in vehicles and in buildings.
  • Electronic smoke detectors usually have a transmitter and a receiver, the triggering of the signal of the smoke detector depends on the presence of smoke.
  • Photo-optical smoke detectors are used particularly frequently, in which the transmitter can comprise a special light-emitting diode and the receiver can comprise a light-sensitive resistor.
  • the transmitter can comprise a special light-emitting diode and the receiver can comprise a light-sensitive resistor.
  • a smoke detector can be set up such that a light beam emitted by the transmitter only hits the receiver when smoke particles scatter or deflect it.
  • the US Pat. No. 6,831,289 discloses a detection device for scattered light, as part of a hazard detector, such as a fire detection system.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a smoke detector
  • the smoke detector comprises a first and a second
  • first and the second room of the smoke detector according to the invention can extend along a common longitudinal direction.
  • Smoke detector a cavity that is only a few millimeters high.
  • a labyrinth with narrow gaps surrounds such a cavity so that no light can penetrate from outside. If smoke gets into the cavity through the labyrinth, a light beam emitted by a transmitter, for example, is scattered and so on
  • Such a conventional smoke detector is limited to the detection of smoke in a narrow area around the installation location of the smoke detector. If the smoke is not directly on or in the smoke detector, no alarm is triggered.
  • smoke detectors according to the embodiments described here can detect smoke along the entire length of the smoke detector, for example during installation, for example along cables or various electrical components.
  • the smoke detector can, for example, extend over an entire length of a room to be monitored, for example along cable ducts or along the ceiling of installation rooms, and thus monitor the entire room.
  • a vertical or inclined mounting of the smoke detector for example during installation, for example along cables or various electrical components.
  • Smoke detector according to the invention that a e.g. Smoldering fire creeping on the floor can be detected just as quickly as “hot” smoke collecting on the ceiling. If the air movement is constant or not predictable, such as “stagnant” air, smoke will flow along the elongated air according to the invention
  • Smoke detector thus recognized earlier than with a conventional smoke detector that can only detect a small spatial area.
  • the smoke detector has a first wall with at least one, two, three or more first openings.
  • the first wall at least partially delimits the first room.
  • the expression “at least partially” is to be understood in such a way that the entire circumference of the first room is not necessarily described by the first wall.
  • the first wall can only cover an area corresponding to 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the total size of the first room
  • a cylindrical first space is delimited as such a first wall only over the surface whose points have the same radius from its axis.
  • a cuboid first room can only be delimited by two, three or four of its side faces by the first wall.
  • the smoke detector has a second wall separating the first room from a second room, which in turn comprises at least one, two, three or more second openings.
  • the first room is connected to the second room via the one, two, three or more second openings.
  • a second wall can run within the first room and thus span a second room within the first room.
  • the second wall can extend between a first room and a second room running parallel thereto and thus separate the first room from the second room.
  • a gas exchange between the first space and the second space is made possible by the at least one, two, three or more second openings of the second wall. Consequently For example, smoke can move from the outside through the first or the first openings, through the first space, through the second or the second openings, until the second space.
  • the smoke detector has a transmitter and a receiver, whereby under
  • the second wall separates the transmitter from the receiver.
  • the smoke detector can have a transmitter in one of the two rooms and a receiver in the other of the two rooms.
  • the transmitter in the first room and the receiver in the second room e.g. the transmitter in the first room and the receiver in the second room.
  • a receiver is preferably outside the possible angle of incidence of external radiation, that is to say external radiation
  • Interference signals that are not emitted by the transmitter are arranged.
  • the receiver can be arranged in an inner second room while the transmitter is in an outer first room.
  • the transmitter and receiver are preferably an optical transmitter and an optical receiver.
  • a transmitter can be provided, for example, by a special light-emitting or laser diode, the signal of the transmitter being based on optical radiation.
  • a receiver can be provided, for example, by means of a light-sensitive resistor that can detect such optical radiation. As described above, when designing the smoke detector, it should be noted that the optical radiation emitted by the transmitter cannot hit the receiver directly. In contrast, it causes
  • Smoke particles can thus at least partially deflect optical radiation from the transmitter in the direction of the receiver and can thus be detected by the latter.
  • the smoke detector triggers the alarm to display the smoke development.
  • Such a triggering of the Alarm can depend on the exceeding of a predetermined threshold value of the signal intensity detected by the receiver.
  • the second room is arranged within the first room of the smoke detector.
  • the first room can at least partially surround the second room. A partial, i.e. not complete
  • the surroundings of the second room through the first room can result, for example, from different lengths of the first and second rooms.
  • the first room can also substantially completely surround the second room, with end faces of the second room not necessarily having to be surrounded by the first room.
  • the lengths of the first and the second room each correspond to at least twice the common width of the first and second room.
  • the length of the first or second space preferably corresponds to at least three times, particularly preferably at least four times, five times or ten times the common width of the first and second spaces.
  • the smoke detector therefore preferably has an elongated shape, for example a tubular shape, and can therefore be provided in any lengths. It is therefore possible to adapt the length of the smoke detector to the length of the room to be monitored. This allows larger areas to be used, unlike previous ones
  • Smoke detectors are monitored.
  • the smoke detector can, for example, have a length of at least 50 cm, typically at least 1 m.
  • the first and the second room of the smoke detector according to the invention are approximately the same length.
  • the person skilled in the art understands approximately the same length that the length deviations are in one
  • the smoke detector according to the invention extends from a first in the longitudinal direction to a second end in the longitudinal direction.
  • the transmitter and the receiver can, for example, at the opposite end of the
  • Smoke detector can be arranged.
  • the transmitter and the receiver can be arranged at the same end of the smoke detector.
  • Such a structure enables e.g. a
  • a smoke detector according to the invention can have a first and a second room, each with two opposite end openings.
  • Opposing end openings are located, for example, within the outer sectional planes delimiting the first space or second space with the longitudinal axis of the first or second space. These end openings can also be closed by one or more closure elements. A closure element thus at least partially closes such an opening. This prevents, for example, the penetration of undesired external interference signals through the end openings at the ends of the smoke detector.
  • the transmitter and the receiver of the smoke detector are each in a closure element.
  • the transmitter and the receiver can also be arranged within only one closure element.
  • Smoke detector to the outside of the first wall and to the inside of the second wall.
  • Such a structure is made possible, for example, by the second space extending within the first space.
  • a parallel arrangement of the first and the second space next to one another is also possible.
  • the at least one or more second openings of the second wall are preferably arranged offset to the at least one or more first openings of the first wall.
  • Such an offset of the first and second opening (s) is preferably set up in such a way that incidence of external scattered light on the receiver of the smoke detector is prevented. It is thus possible to prevent the receiver from being influenced by undesired external interference signals and thus to trigger a false alarm.
  • Such an arrangement of the openings is particularly advantageous if the transmitter and the receiver are arranged on different sides of the smoke detector.
  • Such an arrangement can be achieved, for example, by arranging the second openings of the second wall and the first openings of the first wall at different positions along the longitudinal axis of the smoke detector.
  • an arrangement in which the second openings point in a different direction than the first openings is also advantageous.
  • the direction of a first or second opening is determined, for example, by the angle between the
  • Normal vector of the respective opening area and the longitudinal median plane of the smoke detector are defined.
  • the first or second openings can be arranged on different sides along the longitudinal direction of the smoke detector. If the first or second openings lie on exactly opposite sides along the longitudinal direction of the smoke detector, the difference between their directional angles as defined above is 180 degrees.
  • Openings be the same or different.
  • Openings of the first wall can be provided with a filter.
  • a filter is permeable to smoke, but prevents small animals and insects such as e.g.
  • Spiders, mites or wasps nest in the smoke detector and thus lead to a disturbance in smoke detection.
  • the second wall is formed by an inner tube and the first wall by an outer tube surrounding the inner tube.
  • the second space is delimited by the inner tube and the first space is provided by the space located between the inner tube and the outer tube.
  • the outer tube and the inner tube are preferably delimited at their respective ends by closure elements.
  • one of the closure elements can contain the transmitter and the opposite closure element the receiver.
  • a construction is particularly preferred in which the inner tube is held by the closure elements within the outer tube.
  • the inner tube can be a variety of
  • the outer tube can have a multiplicity of openings which form the plurality of first openings of the first wall.
  • the outer tube can have a multiplicity of openings which form the plurality of first openings of the first wall.
  • the two radial angular ranges therefore point in different radial directions with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a smoke detector in longitudinal section.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a spatial, schematic view of a closure element with a transmitter or a receiver according to one embodiment.
  • Figures 4A to 4C and 5A and 5B show, according to one embodiment, a spatial, schematic view of a tubular smoke detector (Figure 4A) with an outer tube (Figure 4B), an inner tube (Figure 4C), a first closure element (Figure 5A) and a second closure element (FIG. 5B).
  • FIG. 6 shows a spatial, schematic view of an embodiment of the
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic view of a smoke detector according to another
  • Figure 8 shows a spatial, schematic view of a closure element with a
  • FIG. 9 shows a spatial, schematic view of a smoke detector according to a further embodiment.
  • Figure 1 shows a smoke detector 100 according to the invention in cross section. This comprises an elongated first space 110 and an elongated second space 120.
  • FIG 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the second
  • Space 120 extends tubularly within the first tubular space 110 along a common longitudinal direction and a common longitudinal axis.
  • the second room 120 is bounded or defined by a second wall 121 and the first
  • Room 110 bounded by a first wall 111 and by the second wall 121 or
  • both the first and the second wall each have a plurality of openings 151, 152, which can be arranged, for example, evenly distributed along the entire extent of the respective first and second spaces 110, 120.
  • the number of openings 152 between the first and second spaces 110, 120 and the number of openings 151 between first space 110 and the outside environment may be the same, but may also be different. It is also possible that the opening cross section of the openings 151, 152
  • the cover with filters 190 is shown as an example for some of the first openings 151 in the first wall 111.
  • FIG. 1 further shows that the smoke detector in the embodiment shown has a length I which is a multiple of its radius r, in the case of a circular cross section, or its maximum width, in the case of any other cross section , corresponds.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate two schematic views
  • Closure elements 180a, 180b, the one with the embodiment shown in Figure 1 Smoke detector 100 according to the invention can be combined.
  • the closure element 180a shown in FIG. 2 thus comprises a ring-shaped transmitter 130, or a transmitter 130 which is only arranged in the ring area around the second space 120. It is also possible for a plurality of transmitters 130 to be arranged in a ring.
  • Closure element 180a with the transmitter 130 is adapted to close the first space 110 of the smoke detector 100 from FIG. 1 at one of its end openings 112.
  • the closure element 180b shown in FIG. 3 has a receiver 140 within the second space 120, or at one of its ends, and because of its cylindrical structure, it is suitable for the second space 120 of the smoke detector 100 from FIG. 1 at one of its end openings 122 to close.
  • FIG. 4A shows a three-dimensional representation of an elongated tubular smoke detector which has an outer tube 101 and an inner tube 102, for example coaxial with the outer tube 101.
  • the outer tube 101 is shown in Figure 4B and the inner tube 102 is shown in Figure 4C.
  • the jacket wall 111 of the outer tube 101 forms a first wall, while the jacket wall 121 of the inner tube 102 forms a second wall.
  • the second space 120 is delimited by the inner region of the inner tube 102, while the first
  • Space 110 is delimited by the outer wall 111 of the outer tube 101 and the outer wall 121 of the inner tube 102.
  • the first room 110 therefore surrounds the second room 120.
  • Both the inner tube 102 and the outer tube 101 each have a plurality of
  • Openings 151, 152 The openings 151 (first openings) of the outer tube 101 point upward in FIG. 4B, the openings 152 (second openings) of the inner tube 102 point towards the viewer, that is to say they are rotated about the longitudinal axis in relation to the openings 151 of the
  • the outer tube 101 has two
  • the inner tube 102 In addition to the second openings 151, the inner tube 102 also has two opposite end openings 122.
  • the inner tube 102 is through a first closure element 181 and a wide
  • the closure elements 181, 182 additionally close the respective end openings 112, 122.
  • the second closure element 182 have a shoulder 183 on its outside, on which the outer tube 101 is pushed, for example in a form-fitting manner.
  • Closure element 182 can be arranged one or more transmitters which radiate in the axial direction, i.e. inside and along the outer tube 101. Specifically, the transmitter or the transmitters radiate into the first space 110, which is annular in cross section and extends between the inner tube 102 and the outer tube 101.
  • the inner tube 102 is then inserted into the inner opening 185 of the second closure element 182 and held, for example, in a form-fitting manner by the inner opening 185. As a result, the inner tube 102 is held at a distance from the outer tube 101.
  • the transmitters radiate into the space between the inner tube 102 and the outer tube 101, i.e. in the first room 110.
  • the first closure element 181 also has an inner opening 185 into which the
  • Inner tube 102 is inserted positively.
  • a receiver is located within the inner opening 185 of the first closure element 181. Radiation emitted by the transmitter or transmitters of the second closure element 182 does not reach the receiver directly, since the direct path through the inner tube 101 is blocked. However, if smoke, or an aerosol, penetrates through the first openings 151 of the outer tube 101 into the space between the outer tube 101 and the inner tube 102 and, if necessary, further through the second openings 152 of the inner tube 102 into the interior of the inner tube 102, the Radiation emitted by the transmitter to the smoke or aerosol parti is not scattered and thereby also reaches the interior of the inner tube 102 and finally the transmitter in the first closure part 181. The scattered light is registered by the receiver, evaluated by suitable electronics and emitted as a warning signal will.
  • the first closure element 181 can for example be inserted in a form-fitting manner in the outer tube 101. However, it can also have a step like the second closure element 182, onto which the outer tube 101 can be pushed.
  • Figure 6 illustrates how the embodiment shown in Figure 1 by inserting the in
  • FIG. 5 shows the second wall 121 shown in the first wall 111 shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows electronics for controlling the transmitter and the receiver.
  • Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment to that shown in Figure 1
  • the transmitter 130 is also located in a first room 110 of the smoke detector 100 and the receiver 140 in a second room 120 of the smoke detector 100
  • the alternative embodiment shown differs from the structure shown in FIG. 1 in that both the transmitter 130 and the receiver 140 are arranged in the respective end openings 112, 122 at the same end of the smoke detector 100 shown.
  • FIG. 7 The alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 7 can be used with a device as in FIG. 8
  • closure element 180 shown can be combined.
  • the schematic view shown in FIG. 8 illustrates a closure element 180, which is located both via a transmitter 130 in an outer annular region and via a receiver 140 in an inner cylindrical region Area of the closure element 180.
  • Figure 9 shows a further alternative embodiment to that shown in Figure 1
  • the transmitter 230 is also located at an end opening of a first room 210 of the latter
  • the first room 210 stands over a plurality of first openings 251 in one of its walls 211 (first wall) with the
  • the first room 210 and the second room 220 are separated from one another by a second wall 221.
  • the second wall 221 has a plurality of second openings 252, which are arranged offset to the first openings 251 in the first wall 211, so that no direct light can enter the second space 220 from the outside.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 7 construction insofar as the second space 220 runs next to and to the first space 210 parallel and not within the first space 210.
  • transmitter 230 and receiver 240 shown in FIG. 1
  • opposite ends 212, 222 of the smoke detector 200 is also a construction
  • the transmitter 230 and the receiver 240 at the ends of the first room 210 and the second room 220, which are located at the same end of the smoke detector 200.
  • some or all of the first openings 251 can be closed with a filter 290.
  • a smoke detector 100, 200 is preferably arranged along cable harnesses or cable areas within the passenger compartments.
  • smoke detectors 100, 200 according to the invention are further exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un détecteur de fumées (100) comportant une première chambre (110) allongée et une seconde chambre (120) allongée, la première chambre (110) et la seconde chambre (120) s'étendant le long d'une direction longitudinale commune. Une première paroi (111) comprend une ou plusieurs premières ouvertures (152) et délimite au moins en partie la première chambre (110) de sorte que de la fumée peut parvenir à différentes positions le long de la direction longitudinale du détecteur de fumées dans la première chambre (110) du détecteur de fumées. Une seconde paroi (121) séparant la première chambre (110) de la seconde chambre (120) comprend une ou plusieurs secondes ouvertures (151), la première chambre (110) et la seconde chambre (120) étant reliées entre elles par le biais de la ou des secondes ouvertures (151) de sorte qu'un échange de gaz peut avoir lieu entre la première chambre (110) et la seconde chambre (120) ainsi qu'à travers la première chambre (110) et la seconde chambre (120). Un émetteur (130) est disposé dans l'une des deux chambres (110, 120) et un récepteur (140) est disposé dans l'autre des deux chambres (110, 120).
PCT/EP2019/077645 2018-10-15 2019-10-11 Détecteur de fumées pour la détection par secteur de fumées, ainsi que véhicule comportant un détecteur de fumées WO2020078859A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980067867.XA CN113168752B (zh) 2018-10-15 2019-10-11 用于分段探测烟雾的烟雾探测器和具有烟雾探测器的车辆
EP19787221.1A EP3867888A1 (fr) 2018-10-15 2019-10-11 Détecteur de fumées pour la détection par secteur de fumées, ainsi que véhicule comportant un détecteur de fumées

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018125494.6 2018-10-15
DE102018125494.6A DE102018125494A1 (de) 2018-10-15 2018-10-15 Rauchmelder zum streckenweisen Detektieren von Rauch, sowie Fahrzeug aufweisend einen Rauchmelder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020078859A1 true WO2020078859A1 (fr) 2020-04-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/077645 WO2020078859A1 (fr) 2018-10-15 2019-10-11 Détecteur de fumées pour la détection par secteur de fumées, ainsi que véhicule comportant un détecteur de fumées

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3867888A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113168752B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018125494A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020078859A1 (fr)

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US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
EP0756703A1 (fr) * 1994-04-22 1997-02-05 GERHARD LORENZ Innovative Technik + Messgerätebau Dispositif de mesure de la dispersion de la lumiere par des particules
US6831289B1 (en) 1999-11-17 2004-12-14 Wagner Alarm-Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Detector for scattered light

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1547849A (fr) * 1966-11-28 1968-11-29 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Appareil détecteur de fumée
US5231378A (en) * 1990-06-23 1993-07-27 Kidde-Graviner Limited Particle detection which senses scattered light
EP0756703A1 (fr) * 1994-04-22 1997-02-05 GERHARD LORENZ Innovative Technik + Messgerätebau Dispositif de mesure de la dispersion de la lumiere par des particules
US6831289B1 (en) 1999-11-17 2004-12-14 Wagner Alarm-Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Detector for scattered light

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113168752A (zh) 2021-07-23
EP3867888A1 (fr) 2021-08-25
CN113168752B (zh) 2023-09-22
DE102018125494A1 (de) 2020-04-16

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