WO2020075710A1 - Composition de revêtement pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse hydrophile, et membrane microporeuse hydrophile - Google Patents

Composition de revêtement pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse hydrophile, et membrane microporeuse hydrophile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020075710A1
WO2020075710A1 PCT/JP2019/039656 JP2019039656W WO2020075710A1 WO 2020075710 A1 WO2020075710 A1 WO 2020075710A1 JP 2019039656 W JP2019039656 W JP 2019039656W WO 2020075710 A1 WO2020075710 A1 WO 2020075710A1
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Prior art keywords
microporous membrane
coating composition
hydrophilic
microporous
acrylamide monomer
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PCT/JP2019/039656
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
竜児 松元
直 長迫
隆行 岩▲崎▼
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Jnc株式会社
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Publication of WO2020075710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020075710A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C08J9/40—Impregnation
    • C08J9/42—Impregnation with macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microporous membrane hydrophilized with a coating composition.
  • Microporous membranes made of fluororesin such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin are used for air filters, bag filters and liquid filtration due to their excellent chemical resistance and heat resistance. It is widely used in filters and the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the microporous film made of a fluororesin is generally hydrophobic. Therefore, for example, when a microporous membrane made of PVDF resin (hereinafter referred to as PVDF microporous membrane or PVDF membrane) is used for filtration of an aqueous solution, the surface of the PVDF membrane is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a coating composition for hydrophilizing a hydrophobic microporous film, particularly a microporous film made of a fluororesin. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microporous membrane having permanent hydrophilicity without clogging of pores when the microporous membrane is made hydrophilic.
  • the present inventors have proceeded with the development for the purpose of providing a microporous membrane that is hydrophilized even in a dry state and can be used for filtering an aqueous solution.
  • the inventors have found a means of hydrophilizing the microporous membrane by inhibiting the water permeability of the microporous membrane by polymerizing and curing the crosslinkable monomer alone to complete the present invention.
  • a polyfunctional compound when used as a coating, a polyfunctional compound is usually easier to clog a microporous membrane than a bifunctional compound, but even if a polyfunctional compound is used, the microporous film can be microporous. They have found that they can be made hydrophilic without clogging the membrane, and completed the present invention.
  • the structure of the present invention is as follows.
  • the microporous film is a microporous film made of polyvinylidene fluoride resin or polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
  • the microporous membrane by polymerizing and curing a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer to coat the microporous membrane, the microporous membrane can be hydrophilized without impeding the water permeability of the microporous membrane.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a process for producing the hydrophilic microporous membrane of the present invention.
  • the coating composition of the present invention for hydrophilizing a microporous membrane contains a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I).
  • the microporous membrane is also called a microporous or microporous membrane and is a membrane having a large number of micropores inside, and these micropores have a connected structure, and one surface to the other surface.
  • the microporous membrane is particularly preferably a membrane having minute pores with a pore diameter of about 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, which is less likely to cause uneven liquid permeability and is less likely to cause clogging.
  • the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) is available from Fuji Film Co., Ltd., for example.
  • the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) can coat the surface of the microporous membrane to make it hydrophilic when polymerized.
  • the concentration is adjusted to such an extent that the pores are blocked and the water permeability of the microporous membrane is not hindered.
  • the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) can be, for example, 0.1 to 1.0% by mass in the coating composition of the present invention, and preferably 0%. 0.1 to 0.75% by mass.
  • the solvent is preferably water such as ultrapure water, and alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methanol and ethanol.
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • the solvent an aqueous solution containing alcohol at an arbitrary ratio can be used, and the alcohol concentration in the solvent can be, for example, 10 to 100% by volume, preferably 15 to 80% by volume, It is more preferably 20 to 60% by volume.
  • the coating composition of the present invention can contain the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) in 15 to 30% by volume of an isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution.
  • the coating composition of the present invention may further contain a polymerization initiator.
  • the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator.
  • an IRGACURE (registered trademark) series initiator available from BASF can be used.
  • an alkylphenone-based photopolymerization initiator such as the product “IRGACURE 2959” or the product “FAM-101L (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.)” or other photopolymerization initiator can be used.
  • the coating composition of the present invention may further contain additives such as antioxidants and stabilizers. These additives can be contained in the concentrations usually used in the art.
  • the coating composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I), the solvent, the polymerization initiator, and any additive in any method and order.
  • the coating composition of the present invention is prepared by adding a polymerization initiator and optionally additives to a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound dissolved in a solvent at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C., and stirring and mixing. be able to.
  • the coating composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) and photopolymerization in 15 to 30% by volume of an isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution.
  • An initiator can be included.
  • the present invention also provides a hydrophilic microporous membrane coated with a polymer derived from the above coating composition.
  • the microporous film used for the hydrophilic microporous film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a microporous film of a fluorine-based resin such as PVDF-based resin and PTFE-based resin.
  • the microporous film of a fluororesin is a microporous film derived from a fluororesin called a fluoropolymer, and is a microporous film manufactured using a fluororesin as a material.
  • the PVDF-based microporous membrane and the PTFE-based microporous membrane refer to microporous membranes made of PVDF-based resin or the like and PTFE-based resin or the like, respectively, but may be made of only the respective resins. , May contain other components.
  • the fluororesin used in the present invention is a homopolymer of fluororesin and a copolymer of fluororesin.
  • the fluorine resin include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA).
  • FEP Tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluororopropylene copolymer
  • ETFE tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer
  • ECTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is a resin containing a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and / or a vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride resin may contain plural kinds of vinylidene fluoride homopolymers having different physical properties (viscosity, molecular weight, etc.). Further, the polyvinylidene fluoride resin may be a resin containing plural kinds of vinylidene fluoride copolymers.
  • the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is a polymer having a vinylidene fluoride residue structure, and is typically a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride monomer and other fluorine-based monomer, such as vinyl fluoride and tetrafluoro It is a copolymer of one or more fluorine-based monomers selected from ethylene, hexafluoropropylene and ethylene trifluoride chloride and vinylidene fluoride monomer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene-based resin is a resin containing a polytetrafluoroethylene homopolymer and / or a polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene-based resin may contain a plurality of types of polytetrafluoroethylene homopolymers having different physical properties (viscosity, molecular weight, etc.). Further, the polytetrafluoroethylene-based resin may be a resin containing a plurality of types of vinylidene fluoride copolymers.
  • the fine multi-layered film derived from a fluorine-based resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin used in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned fluorine-based resin alone, and may further include other components.
  • the microporous membrane including the fluororesin used in the present invention may be a microporous membrane composed of a composite material including the fluororesin and another material.
  • the microporous membrane used in the present invention may be a PVDF-based microporous membrane having an asymmetric three-dimensional structure developed by the applicant. This microporous membrane can be manufactured by the procedure described in, for example, WO 2014/054658 and WO 2015/0133364.
  • the product “Kyner (trade name) HSV900” manufactured by Arkema as a PVDF resin, dimethylacetamide as a solvent, polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 400 as a porosifying agent, and ultrapure water are uniformly added.
  • a raw material liquid is manufactured by mixing.
  • a spunbond nonwoven fabric (“Eltus (trade name) P03050” manufactured by Asahi Kasei) is used as a base film, the base film is placed on a flat glass plate, and the above raw materials are placed on the base film surface using a baker applicator. The solution is applied to a thickness of 250 ⁇ m.
  • the above-mentioned film is put into a solidification tank containing ultrapure water, and the whole film is immersed in water and allowed to stand in the film solidification tank to proceed and complete the solidification of the raw material liquid adhering to the substrate film. Then, a PVDF-based microporous membrane having an asymmetric three-dimensional structure can be obtained through drying and washing steps.
  • the microporous membrane used in the present invention may be a commercially available product.
  • the microporous membrane derived from a fluororesin is, for example, a PVDF membrane available from Merck Millipore as a hydrophobic durapore (type: GVHP04700) or from Membrane Solutions as an MS PVDF hydrophobic membrane, or a W.D. L.
  • a PTFE membrane available from Gore and Associates can be used.
  • the coating composition of the present invention can make the microporous membrane hydrophilic by being coated on the surface of the microporous membrane.
  • the coating composition of the present invention is brought into contact with or immersed in the microporous membrane in a batch system or a continuous system to uniformly adhere the coating composition to the surface of the microporous membrane.
  • the coating composition of the present invention can be coated on the surface of a microporous film which is a substrate by the following procedure.
  • the microporous membrane infiltrate the microporous membrane with an alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol. Then, the microporous membrane is immersed in ultrapure water to replace isopropyl alcohol with ultrapure water.
  • the alcohol is not particularly limited as long as it can infiltrate the microporous membrane.
  • an aqueous alcohol solution capable of infiltrating the microporous membrane is used in the coating composition for hydrophilizing the microporous membrane, the infiltration and ultrapure water substitution steps can be omitted.
  • the microporous membrane is immersed in the coating composition for hydrophilizing the microporous membrane of the present invention.
  • the coating composition of the present invention is placed in a sealable bag such as Unipack and the microporous membrane is dipped. Immerse the coating composition in the microporous membrane until it has fully infiltrated.
  • the solvent of the coating composition is ultrapure water
  • the microporous membrane is immersed in the coating composition for several tens of minutes, so that the coating composition sufficiently infiltrates the microporous membrane.
  • the solvent of the coating composition contains an appropriate amount of isopropyl alcohol, the microporous membrane can be instantly infiltrated.
  • the coating composition contains a photopolymerization initiator and polymerization is initiated by ultraviolet irradiation (UV irradiation) or the like, nitrogen substitution may be performed in advance to remove oxygen that may inhibit the polymerization reaction.
  • UV irradiation ultraviolet irradiation
  • nitrogen substitution may be performed in advance to remove oxygen that may inhibit the polymerization reaction.
  • the coating composition contains a photopolymerization initiator, it is possible to initiate the polymerization of the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) by UV irradiation.
  • the coating composition contains a thermal polymerization initiator, the polymerization is initiated by heating.
  • the microporous membrane is washed to remove unreacted materials.
  • the washing can be performed with warm water, warm ethanol, or the like. Moreover, you may dry by natural drying.
  • the present invention further provides a method for making the microporous membrane hydrophilic.
  • the method comprises a step of immersing the microporous membrane in a solution of a coating composition containing a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the following formula (I), and a step of deoxidizing the immersed microporous membrane. And a step of irradiating the deoxidized microporous membrane with ultraviolet rays.
  • the step of immersing in the coating composition solution is performed in the same procedure as the above-mentioned coating of the microporous membrane.
  • the step of deoxidizing the immersed microporous membrane can be deoxidized by any method.
  • the step of deoxidizing for example, the microporous film is allowed to stand in a nitrogen atmosphere and replaced with oxygen.
  • the substituting step can be carried out, for example, in a batch system or a continuous system.
  • the microporous membrane is impregnated with the coating composition and then held by a support. Specifically, in a closed container having a transparent lid, a microporous membrane impregnated with the above coating composition was laid on a flat support (on the side of the lid), and then the laminate was left to stand. In the state, the inside of the closed container is replaced with nitrogen.
  • the step of irradiating the deoxygenated microporous membrane with ultraviolet rays is performed by irradiating the deoxygenated microporous membrane with ultraviolet rays so that the polymer derived from the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by formula (I) is used as the microporous membrane. Coating. This step can also be carried out batchwise or continuously as in the step of substituting nitrogen. In the batch method, the surface of the microporous membrane is irradiated with ultraviolet rays from the outside of the container through a transparent lid in a state where the closed container is filled with nitrogen to complete the polymerization and crosslinking reaction of the polymerizable monomer.
  • ultraviolet rays are applied to a long microporous membrane infiltrated with the coating composition.
  • the microporous film carried out from the container of the coating composition is carried into the ultraviolet irradiation area and moved within this area for a certain period of time.
  • the microporous film is carried out from the ultraviolet irradiation area the polymerization and crosslinking reaction of the polymerizable monomer is completed on the surface of the microporous film.
  • the surface of the microporous membrane whose surface is coated with a polymer is dried and washed to remove excess components. This step can also be carried out batchwise or continuously.
  • the method can further include a step of treating the obtained hydrophilic microporous membrane with an alkaline solution such as NaOH.
  • the alkaline solution treatment is carried out by immersing it in a 0.1 M NaOH solution for 2 hours.
  • the hydrophilic microporous membrane of the present invention has alkali resistance, and the contact angle of water does not increase even when treated with 0.1 M NaOH. That is, the hydrophilicity does not decrease.
  • a hydrophilized microporous membrane can be obtained.
  • This microporous membrane can be dried, wound, cut and packaged according to a standard method and, if necessary.
  • Example 1 (Production of PVDF microporous membrane)
  • the PVDF microporous membrane used as the base material is a PVDF membrane manufactured through the following steps.
  • Arkema product “Kyner HSV900” as PVDF resin, dimethylacetamide as solvent, polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 400 as a porosifying agent, and ultrapure water are shown in Table 1 in terms of ratios (raw materials).
  • the raw material liquid was manufactured by uniformly mixing the liquids (mass% based on the total amount of the liquid).
  • Step 2 As the base film, a spunbond nonwoven fabric (Asahi Kasei “Eltas P03050”) cut into a square of 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm was used. This substrate film was placed on a flat glass plate, and the above raw material liquid was applied to the surface of the substrate film using a baker applicator so as to have a thickness of 250 ⁇ m. The raw material liquid was applied to the number of substrate films corresponding to the number of times of quantification under the above-mentioned conditions so that the amount of residual components described later could be quantified.
  • Step 3 A stainless steel vat containing 2 liters of ultrapure water was used as the solidification tank. Into this solidification tank, the film obtained in step 2 was placed so that the water surface was not ruffled, and the entire film was soaked in water, and allowed to stand in the film solidification tank for 2 minutes to adhere to the substrate film. Solidification was completed and completed.
  • Step 4-1 2.5 liters of ultrapure water was placed in a beaker with a ceramic air stone diffuser tube inserted, and dry air was supplied to the diffuser tube from an external tank to evenly dry it in ultrapure water. Bubbling air bubbles. This was used for the first washing tank. The film subjected to the step 3 was put in this first cleaning tank. The film was washed for 6 minutes while the entire surface of the film was uniformly in contact with water bubbles.
  • Step 4-2 2.5 liters of isopropanol was placed in a beaker with a ceramic air stone diffuser tube inserted, and dry air was supplied to the diffuser tube from an external tank to evenly dry air bubbles in the isopropanol. I made it gush out. This was used for the second washing tank.
  • the film obtained in step 4-1 was put into this second cleaning tank, and the film was washed in a state where the entire surface of the film was in uniform contact with isopropanol and air bubbles. After this the film was air dried.
  • the pore size of the PVDF microporous membrane thus obtained was measured by the gas permeation method.
  • a PMI palm porometer supplied by Seika Digital Image Co., Ltd. was used as a measuring instrument.
  • Table 1 shows the mode (mode) of the pore diameter of the obtained PVDF-based microporous membrane: Lm ( ⁇ m) and the proportion (%) of the pores having the pore diameter within Lm ⁇ 15%.
  • IRGACURE 2959 obtained from BASF Japan Ltd. was used as a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the coating composition was prepared by mixing FAM401 (mass%) and IRGACURE2959 (0.15 mass%) in the amounts shown in Table 2 below with ultrapure water as a solvent to prepare a total amount of 100 (mass%).
  • a coating composition was prepared.
  • Step 5 The PVDF-based microporous membrane that had been subjected to Step 4-2 was immersed in isopropyl alcohol, replaced with ultrapure water, and immersed in the coating composition.
  • a non-woven fabric support and a PVDF-based microporous membrane impregnated with a coating composition were stacked in this order on the bottom surface of a stainless steel mesh of a nitrogen gas replacement box with a lid made of quartz glass. Nitrogen gas was circulated in the box for 2 minutes to fill the inside of the box with nitrogen gas. The box was kept closed after filling.
  • Step 6 Ultraviolet rays were irradiated from a light source (Light Hammer 10 (product name)) outside the box through the box lid to cure the coating composition.
  • a light source Light Hammer 10 (product name)
  • Step 7 The PVDF microporous membrane was taken out from the box, washed, and dried.
  • Step 8 Furthermore, as an optional step, the hydrophilic PVDF microporous membrane was immersed in a 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution for 2 hours, washed, and dried.
  • the base material (PVDF membrane used in Example 1) had an initial water permeability of about 160. Further, the water permeability of any of the substrates made hydrophilic with a coating composition containing 0.15 to 1.00% by mass of the polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by the formula (I) does not significantly decrease. It was
  • the contact angle was 119.2 ° for the base material (PVDF film used in Example 1).
  • a substrate made hydrophilic with a coating composition containing 0.15 to 1.00 mass% of a polyfunctional acrylamide monomer compound represented by formula (I) has a solvent of 9.7 to 27 when the solvent is ultrapure water.
  • the solvent was a 20% isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, it decreased to 0.8 ° to 0 to 3.6 °, and it was shown that the hydrophilicity was increased in all cases.
  • the water permeability of the base material made hydrophilic with the coating composition did not decrease. Rather, the NaOH treatment tended to increase the initial water permeability. Further, the contact angle was not significantly increased by the NaOH treatment in any of the coating compositions, indicating that the coating composition was resistant to the NaOH treatment.
  • the hydrophilic microporous membrane of the present invention can be widely used as an air filter, a bag filter, a liquid filtration filter, and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Un but de la présente invention est de fournir une membrane microporeuse qui est hydrophile de façon permanente, sans obstruer les trous fins de celle-ci lors de la fabrication de la membrane microporeuse hydrophile. Un moyen a été découvert pour fabriquer une membrane microporeuse hydrophile sans entraver la perméabilité de la membrane microporeuse en recouvrant la membrane microporeuse avec seulement un monomère d'acrylamide multifonctionnel. La présente invention concerne une composition de revêtement qui comprend un composé monomère d'acrylamide multifonctionnel et est destinée à fabriquer une membrane microporeuse hydrophile, ainsi qu'une membrane microporeuse hydrophile qui a été recouverte d'un polymère dérivé de ladite composition de revêtement.
PCT/JP2019/039656 2018-10-09 2019-10-08 Composition de revêtement pour la fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse hydrophile, et membrane microporeuse hydrophile WO2020075710A1 (fr)

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JP2018191069 2018-10-09

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004532724A (ja) * 2001-04-27 2004-10-28 ミリポア・コーポレーシヨン 新規なコート膜およびその他の製品
JP2012161741A (ja) * 2011-02-07 2012-08-30 Fujifilm Corp 結晶性ポリマー微孔性膜及びその製造方法、並びに濾過用フィルタ
JP2014171952A (ja) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-22 Fujifilm Corp 高分子機能性膜及びその製造方法
WO2019151271A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 富士フイルム株式会社 Membrane poreuse hydrophile
WO2019151272A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 富士フイルム株式会社 Procédé de production d'une membrane poreuse hydrophile
WO2019189181A1 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 Jnc株式会社 Membrane microporeuse à base de fluorure de polyvinylidène hydrophilisé

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004532724A (ja) * 2001-04-27 2004-10-28 ミリポア・コーポレーシヨン 新規なコート膜およびその他の製品
JP2012161741A (ja) * 2011-02-07 2012-08-30 Fujifilm Corp 結晶性ポリマー微孔性膜及びその製造方法、並びに濾過用フィルタ
JP2014171952A (ja) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-22 Fujifilm Corp 高分子機能性膜及びその製造方法
WO2019151271A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 富士フイルム株式会社 Membrane poreuse hydrophile
WO2019151272A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 富士フイルム株式会社 Procédé de production d'une membrane poreuse hydrophile
WO2019189181A1 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 Jnc株式会社 Membrane microporeuse à base de fluorure de polyvinylidène hydrophilisé

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACRYLAMIDE MONOMER SERIES, August 2018 (2018-08-01), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://fujifilm.jp/business/material/fine-chemicals/hydrophilic_materials/polyfunctional_acrylamide_monomer/index.html> *

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