WO2020073792A1 - 改性污泥及其制备方法以及其作为覆土材料的施工方法 - Google Patents

改性污泥及其制备方法以及其作为覆土材料的施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2020073792A1
WO2020073792A1 PCT/CN2019/107238 CN2019107238W WO2020073792A1 WO 2020073792 A1 WO2020073792 A1 WO 2020073792A1 CN 2019107238 W CN2019107238 W CN 2019107238W WO 2020073792 A1 WO2020073792 A1 WO 2020073792A1
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sludge
modified
soil
modified sludge
landfill
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PCT/CN2019/107238
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐浩青
周爱兆
范惜辉
姜朋明
齐永正
刘顺青
候贺莹
梅岭
王丽艳
王炳辉
孙可
张雷
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of sludge recycling, and in particular relates to a modified sludge that uses sludge modification of a sewage plant as a daily overburden or an intermediate overburden in a landfill, a preparation method of the modified sludge, and a modified sludge as a overburden Material construction method.
  • the "CJJ17-2004 Technical Specification for Sanitary Landfill of Domestic Waste” requires that the thickness of the unit overburden is 20-25cm, and the thickness of the middle-layer overburden should be greater than 30cm according to the different overburden materials.
  • clay materials can be used, but for areas where clay materials are in short supply, alternative materials can be used.
  • CJJ113-2007 Domestic Waste Sanitary Landfill Anti-seepage System Engineering Technical Specifications proposes that in addition to compacted clay, HDPE geomembrane and other forms, if the permeability coefficient of the landfill is low, it is easy to form a medium layer of stagnation Water and daily overburden generally need to be shoveled out and then landfilled the next day, so the workload is very large.
  • Clay materials are the first choice for conventional soil materials, but the landfill may not be able to guarantee a stable clay supply, and the construction of the clay to the thickness recommended by the code will occupy the storage capacity of the landfill.
  • many patents have proposed the use of modified soil as a cover material for landfills. Some have proposed the use of fly ash, slaked lime, hemihydrate gypsum, clay and water to make soil covering materials; some have proposed fast-hardening sulfoaluminate cement, fillers, cellulose ethers, adhesives, fibers, quick-setting agents , Water-absorbing resin, bird repellent, deodorant, water-repellent agent and pigment-covered materials.
  • composition materials used above are more complicated and the economic cost is higher. Others use a mixture of sludge and mineralized waste as a daily overburden material in the landfill, which has obvious odor and poor environmental quality at the construction site.
  • the existing patent does not consider the permeability coefficient of the overburden material entering the landfill. The permeability coefficient entering the landfill needs to be maintained or increased to reduce the generation of stagnant water in the middle layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a component for quickly modifying sludge into a covering material with strength and structure and improved permeability coefficient at a later stage, a preparation method, and construction using the modified sludge as a soil covering material method.
  • Modified sludge characterized in that the modified sludge includes:
  • the dehydrated sludge is dehydrated sludge of an urban sewage plant, and the dehydrated sludge has a wet base moisture content of 65% to 80% and an organic matter content of 5% to 15%.
  • the preparation method of modified sludge includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Pour the dewatered sludge of the sewage plant into the mixer, and add the sulfoaluminate cement and quicklime to the mixer according to the mass fraction, so that the three are thoroughly mixed, and the mixing time is 5 to 10 minutes, and then form Mixed soil materials;
  • Step 2 Stack the mixed soil in step 1 in the mud storage yard or mud storage room, and maintain it for 24 hours.
  • the storage temperature should be controlled at 20 ⁇ 5 °C or above, and the humidity should be above 80%. Just turn it over and let it stand;
  • Step 3 Reshape the cured mixed soil material to change the particle size distribution of the mixed soil material, that is, crush and grind the soil material, and finally make the particle size of the modified sludge ⁇ 2cm, wet base moisture content Below 60%, the permeability coefficient is about 1 ⁇ 10 -7 cm / s after light tapping (the permeability coefficient will also increase in acid anaerobic environment) and the unconfined compressive strength is higher than 100 kPa.
  • Modified sludge is used as a construction method for landfill overburden materials.
  • the construction method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 In the landfill's daily overburden or middle overburden, harmful stones, soil and other debris should be removed and should be below the maximum freezing depth;
  • Step 2 Use flat or claw grinder to cover the working surface of the daily soil or middle layer of soil.
  • the daily coverage should be 15cm, and the intermediate layer should be 20cm;
  • Step 3 The covering construction should be layered and rolled, each layer is preferably 5 ⁇ 10cm, the rolling effect is controlled by the degree of compaction, and the degree of compaction should reach more than 95%.
  • the overburden material is mainly the dewatered sludge of the sewage plant.
  • the sludge is originally the solid waste of the landfill. After the sludge is modified, it enters the landfill and does not occupy the planned storage capacity of the landfill. Provide a way to consume a lot of sludge;
  • the sulfoaluminate cement used has fast hardness. After curing for 24 hours, the sludge can be used as a soil cover construction to meet the characteristics of fast daily use of the soil cover;
  • the modified sludge has a relatively high unconfined compressive strength and a low permeability coefficient, which can meet the engineering mechanical performance requirements of the landfill soil;
  • the sludge contains a large amount of organic matter, and the degradation of the organic matter in the modified sludge with time will increase its permeability coefficient, and then the overlying soil does not need to be removed before the next day of construction, and it will not form in the landfill Stagnant water in the middle.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of landfill coverage.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 15%; lime: 10%; sewage sludge: 75%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified by sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 15%; lime: 15%; sewage plant sludge: 70%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 20%; lime: 10%; sewage sludge: 70%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 20%; lime: 15 %%; sewage sludge: 65%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 25%; lime: 10%; sewage sludge: 65%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 25%; lime: 15%; sewage sludge: 60%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified by sewage sludge are as follows: sulphoaluminate cement: 30%; lime: 10%; sewage plant sludge: 60%.
  • composition and mass percentage of a sanitary landfill covering material modified with sewage sludge are as follows: sulfoaluminate cement: 30%; lime: 15%; sewage sludge: 55%.
  • modified sludge components in the working examples 1 to 8 are made into modified sludge materials (1 kg to 2 kg) by the following methods, and the specific operation steps are:
  • Step 1 Pour the dewatered sludge of the sewage plant into the mixer, and add the prepared sulfoaluminate cement and quicklime to the mixer according to the mass fraction, so that the three are thoroughly mixed, and the mixing time is 5-10 minutes. To form mixed soil materials;
  • Step 2 Stack the mixed soil in step 1 in the mud storage yard or mud storage room, and maintain it for 24 hours.
  • the storage temperature should be controlled at 20 ⁇ 5 °C or above, and the humidity should be above 80%. Just turn it over and let it stand;
  • Step 3 Reshape the cured mixed soil material to change the particle size distribution of the mixed soil material, that is, crush and grind the soil material, and finally make the particle size of the modified sludge ⁇ 2cm, wet base moisture content Below 60%, the permeability coefficient after tapping is on the order of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 cm / s and the unconfined compressive strength is higher than 100 kPa.
  • Permeability coefficient 1 is the permeability coefficient of the soil sample after light tapping;
  • a series of modified sludges with different water content, different strengths and different permeability coefficients are obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of the components in the sludge modification process of the sewage plant. At the same time, the volume change after sludge modification was measured.
  • the volume of sludge did not increase significantly.
  • the total addition amount of the added material is 30%. Since the sulfoaluminate cement and quicklime respectively react with water, the density of the modified material increases, the structure morphology changes, and the volume increase of the sludge is only 11%, so the volume increase rate will not become a limiting factor for the utilization of modified sludge.
  • the sludge or treated sludge moisture content is required to be below 60%. After the sludge of the sewage plant is modified, the water content is less than 60%, and all the examples 1 to 8 meet the requirements of entering the landfill.
  • the unconfined compressive strength of the modified sludge is greater than 50kPa, which is basically above 100kPa.
  • the strength of Example 8 can even reach 500kPa. Under such strength conditions, the machinery can be The construction work is carried out above; the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 Hazardous stones, soil blocks and other debris should be removed from the daily overburden or middle overburden of the landfill, and should be below the maximum freezing depth;
  • Step 2 Use flat or claw grinder to cover the working surface of the daily soil or middle layer of soil.
  • the daily coverage should be 20cm, and the middle layer should be 15cm;
  • Step 3 The covering construction should be layered and rolled, each layer is preferably 5 ⁇ 10cm, the rolling effect is controlled by the degree of compaction, and the degree of compaction should reach more than 95%.
  • modified soil For daily overburden or intermediate overburden, the specification does not specify the permeability performance, but when the modified soil is responsible for the overburden, a relatively low permeability coefficient is required to reduce the infiltration of the landfill by rainfall.
  • the permeability coefficients of modified sludge in sewage plants are generally low, usually in the order of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 cm / s or even smaller, and can serve as a protective barrier for rainwater and sewage.
  • the modified sludge's permeability coefficient will increase slightly in the later period, thereby reducing the possibility of the middle layer of stagnant water.
  • the invention also discloses the preparation method of the modified sludge and the construction method of the modified sludge as the soil covering material.
  • the day cover soil or middle cover soil disclosed by the invention can not only be formed by rapid reaction, that is, it can be used as a cover material after curing for 24 hours, and its strength and permeability can fully meet the engineering mechanical performance requirements of the cover soil.
  • the permeability coefficient of the overburden soil in the landfill will increase later, to reduce the possibility of water retention in the middle layer, and after the sludge modification treatment, its volume has not increased significantly, so it will not be occupied The storage capacity of the landfill.
  • the patent adopts a method of solidification, which not only utilizes the hydration reaction to reduce the water content, but also produces a hydration product that has the function of rapidly increasing the strength of the sludge. Therefore, the process has practical value in engineering.

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Abstract

一种改性污泥及其制备方法以及其作为覆土材料的施工方法。其由污水厂污泥、硫铝酸盐水泥和石灰所组成。日覆土或中层覆土不仅能够快速反应形成，即养护24小时便可以作为覆土材料使用，而且其强度与渗透性完全可满足作为覆土的工程力学性能要求。此外，垃圾填埋体中覆土的渗透系数后期还会增大，以降低中层滞水产生的可能性，并且污泥改性处理之后，其体积并未发生明显的增加，这样也就不会占用填埋场的库容。

Description

改性污泥及其制备方法以及其作为覆土材料的施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于污泥的资源化领域，尤其涉及一种以污水厂污泥改性作为填埋场日覆土或中层覆土的改性污泥、改性污泥的制备方法以及改性污泥作为覆土材料的施工方法。
背景技术
随着我国城市化的不断推进，产生的垃圾逐渐增多，垃圾围城现象已经成为城市发展过程中面临的一个难题。中国的城市生活垃圾等固体废弃物的年产量达2.9亿吨，且还在以8％～15％的高速度增长，居世界之首。卫生填埋场由于技术门槛低，处理量大，是废弃物的最终处置手段，也是现阶段垃圾的主要处理、处置措施之一，占总处理量的90.5％。
对于垃圾填埋场的覆土，《CJJ17-2004生活垃圾卫生填埋技术规范》要求，根据覆土材料的不同，单元覆土的厚度为20～25cm，而中层覆土的厚度宜大于30cm。一般可以采用黏土材料，但对于黏土材料短缺的地区，可以采用替代材料。《CJJ113-2007生活垃圾卫生填埋场防渗系统工程技术规范》提出除压实黏土、HDPE土工膜等不同形式外，如果填埋体的渗透系数偏低，易在填埋体中形成中层滞水，日覆土一般需要铲除后，再进行次日的垃圾填埋，这样工作量就很大。
黏土材料是常规土材料的首选，但是填埋场未必能保证稳定的黏土供应，且黏土按规范推荐的厚度进行施工，将占用垃圾填埋场的库容。为了降低黏土使用量，有不少专利提出采用改性土作为填埋场的覆土材料。有的提出以粉煤灰、熟石灰、半水石膏、黏土和水制成覆土材料；有的提出了以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、填料、纤维素醚、胶黏剂、纤维、速凝剂、吸水树脂、驱鸟剂、除臭剂、憎水剂及颜料组成的覆土材料。上述采用的组成材料较为复杂，经济成本较高。还有的采用污泥和矿化垃圾混合后作为填埋场日覆土材料，臭味明显，施工现场环境质量差。除此之外，现有的专 利没有考虑到覆土材料在进入填埋体的渗透系数，进入填埋体的渗透系数需要保持不变或增大，以减少中层滞水的产生。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种将污泥快速改性成具有强度和结构且后期渗透系数提高的覆盖材料的组分、制备方法以及使用改性污泥作为覆土材料的施工方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
改性污泥，其特征在于：所述改性污泥按照质量分数包括：
硫铝酸盐水泥      15％～30％；
生石灰            10％～15％；
脱水污泥          55％～75％。
作为优选，所述脱水污泥为城市污水厂的脱水污泥，并且该脱水污泥的湿基含水率在65％～80％，有机质含量在5％～15％。
改性污泥的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将污水厂脱水污泥倾倒至搅拌机中，并按照质量分数，把硫铝酸盐水泥与生石灰加至搅拌机之中，使三者充分搅匀，搅拌时间为5～10分钟，进而形成混合土材料；
步骤二：将步骤一中搅拌均匀的混合土料堆放在储泥堆场或储泥室中，养护24小时，存储温度控制在20±5℃以上，湿度在80％以上，并且养护过程中无需翻动，静置即可；
步骤三：将养护好的混合土材料进行重塑，以改变所述混合土材料的粒径分布，即破碎、研磨土材料，最终使改性污泥的颗粒粒径≤2cm、湿基含水率低于60％、轻击击实后渗透系数在1×10 -7cm/s左右的数量级(酸性厌氧环境下渗透系数还会增长)以及无侧限抗压强度高于100kPa。
改性污泥作为垃圾填埋场覆土材料的施工方法，该施工方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一：填埋场日覆土层或中层覆土层中应剔除有害的石块、土块以 及其它碎屑，并应位于最大冰冻深度以下；
步骤二：以平碾或者羊角碾的方式在日覆土或者中层覆土工作面上进行覆盖作业，日覆盖以15cm为宜，中层覆盖以20cm为宜；
步骤三：覆盖施工作业应分层碾压，每层5～10cm为宜，碾压效果通过压实度控制，压实度应达到95％以上。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、覆土材料主要为污水厂脱水污泥，污泥作为本来就是填埋场的固体废弃物，污泥经过改性处理后进入填埋场，并不会占用填埋场的计划库容，同时能够提供大量消耗污泥的去路；
2、采用的硫铝酸盐水泥具有快硬性，污泥固化处理之后经养护24小时，就可以作为覆土施工使用，满足日覆土使用周期快的特点；
3、改性污泥具有比较高的无侧限抗压强度，渗透系数较低，能够满足作为垃圾填埋场覆土的工程力学性能要求；
4、污泥中含有大量的有机质，改性污泥中有机质随着时间的降解将使其渗透系数不断提高，继而在次日施工前覆土不需要进行铲除，并且垃圾填埋体中不会形成中层滞水。
附图说明
图1为填埋场覆盖示意图。
其中：1-垃圾，2-日覆盖，3-中层覆盖。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的普通技术人员能更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：15％；石灰：10％；污水厂污泥：75％。
实施例2
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：15％；石灰：15％；污水厂污泥：70％。
实施例3
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：20％；石灰：10％；污水厂污泥：70％。
实施例4
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：20％；石灰：15％％；污水厂污泥：65％。
实施例5
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：25％；石灰：10％；污水厂污泥：65％。
实施例6
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：25％；石灰：15％；污水厂污泥：60％。
实施例7
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：30％；石灰：10％；污水厂污泥：60％。
实施例8
一种以污水厂污泥改性的卫生填埋场覆土材料的组成成分及其质量百分数如下：硫铝酸盐水泥：30％；石灰：15％；污水厂污泥：55％。
实施案例1～8中的改性污泥成分经过下述的方法分别制成改性污泥材料(1kg～2kg)，具体操作步骤是：
步骤一：将污水厂脱水污泥倾倒至搅拌机中，并按照质量分数，把配制好的硫铝酸盐水泥与生石灰加至搅拌机中，使三者充分搅匀，搅拌时间为5～10分钟，进而形成混合土材料；
步骤二：将步骤一中搅拌均匀的混合土料堆放在储泥堆场或储泥室中，养护24小时，存储温度控制在20±5℃以上，湿度在80％以上，并且养护过程中无需翻动，静置即可；
步骤三：将养护好的混合土材料进行重塑，以改变所述混合土材料的粒径分布，即破碎、研磨土材料，最终使改性污泥的颗粒粒径≤2cm、湿基含水率低于60％，轻击击实后渗透系数在1×10 -7cm/s左右的数量级和无侧限抗压强度高于100kPa。
在20±5℃温度、90％的湿度条件下养护24小时；然后，对养护土样进行重塑并压实，模拟施工现场的压实过程，并按照GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法开展含水率试验、无侧限抗压强度试验以及常水头柔性壁渗透试验，获得的试验结果如下表1所示。
表1不同配合比情况下污水厂改性污泥的基本参数
Figure PCTCN2019107238-appb-000001
注：渗透系数 1为轻击击实之后土样的渗透系数；渗透系数 2为在pH＝6.5的酸性厌氧条件下养护30天的该土样渗透系数。
本实施例1～8通过调整污水厂污泥改性过程中各组分的配合比，得到一系列含水率不同、强度不一、渗透系数有差异的改性污泥。同时，对污泥改性后体积的变化进行了测定。
尽管添加了改性材料，但污泥的体积并没有发生显著的增长。例如，实施例3，添加材料总掺入量为30％，由于硫铝酸盐水泥和生石灰分别与水反应，改性后材料的密度升高，结构形态发生改变，污泥的体积增加仅为11％，因而体积的增容率不会成为改性污泥资源化利用的限制因素。
根据《GB/T 23485-2009城镇污水处理厂污泥处置—混合填埋用泥质》中关于污泥进入填埋场的规定：要求污泥或处理后的污泥含水率在60％以下。污水厂污泥经过改性处理后，含水率低于60％，实施例1～8均满足进入垃圾填埋场的要求。
在养护龄期达到24小时后，改性污泥的无侧限抗压强度均大于50kPa，基本都在100kPa以上，实施例8的强度甚至可以达到500kPa，在这样的强度条件下，机械可以在上面进行施工作业；具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一：填埋场日覆土层或中层覆土层中应剔除有害的石块、土块以及其它碎屑，并应位于最大冰冻深度以下；
步骤二：以平碾或者羊角碾的方式在日覆土或者中层覆土工作面上进行覆盖作业，日覆盖以20cm为宜，中层覆盖以15cm为宜；
步骤三：覆盖施工作业应分层碾压，每层5～10cm为宜，碾压效果通过压实度控制，压实度应达到95％以上。
对于日覆土或中层覆土，规范并没有关于渗透性能的明确规定，但是当改性土在承担覆土作用时，就需要一个相对较低的渗透系数，以减少降雨对垃圾填埋体的入渗。污水厂改性污泥的渗透系数都普遍较低，通常在1×10 -7cm/s左右的数量级，甚至更小，能够起到雨水以及污水的防护屏障作用。然而，改性污泥在长期的填埋体酸性厌氧环境中，其渗透系数后期会略有上升，进而降低中层滞水产生的可能性。
本发明还公开了改性污泥的制备方法以及改性污泥作为覆土材料的施工方法。本发明公开的日覆土或中层覆土不仅能够快速反应形成，即养护24小时便可以作为覆土材料使用，而且其强度与渗透性完全可满足作为覆土的工程力学性能要求。此外，垃圾填埋体中覆土的渗透系数后期还会增大，以降低中层滞水产生的可能性，并且污泥改性处理之后，其体积并未发生显著的增加，这样也就不会占用填埋场的库容。
本专利采用固化的方法，不仅利用水化反应降低含水率，同时生成的水化产物具有快速提高污泥强度的功能。因此该工艺在工程上具有实用价值。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

  1. 改性污泥，其特征在于：所述改性污泥按照质量分数包括：
    硫铝酸盐水泥       15％～30％；
    生石灰             10％～15％；
    脱水污泥           55％～75％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的改性污泥，其特征在于：所述脱水污泥为城市污水厂的脱水污泥，并且该脱水污泥的湿基含水率在65％～80％，有机质含量在5％～15％。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的改性污泥的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：将污水厂脱水污泥倾倒至搅拌机中，并按照质量分数，把硫铝酸盐水泥与生石灰加至搅拌机之中，使三者充分搅匀，搅拌时间为5～10分钟，进而形成混合土材料；
    步骤二：将步骤一中搅拌均匀的混合土料堆放在储泥堆场或储泥室中，养护24小时，存储温度控制在20±5℃以上，湿度在80％以上，并且养护过程中无需翻动，静置即可；
    步骤三：将养护好的混合土材料进行重塑，以改变所述混合土材料的粒径分布，即破碎、研磨土材料，最终使改性污泥的颗粒粒径≤2cm、湿基含水率低于60％，轻击击实后渗透系数在1×10 -7cm/s左右的数量级和无侧限抗压强度高于100kPa。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的改性污泥的制备方法，其特征在于：硫铝酸盐水泥为15％～30％，生石灰为10％～15％，脱水污泥为55％～75％。
  5. 如权利要求4所示的改性污泥作为垃圾填埋场覆土材料的施工方法，其特征在于，该施工方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：填埋场日覆土层或中层覆土层中应剔除有害的石块、土块以及其它碎屑，并应位于最大冰冻深度以下；
    步骤二：以平碾或者羊角碾的方式在日覆土或者中层覆土工作面上进行覆盖作业，日覆盖以15cm为宜，中层覆盖以20cm为宜；
    步骤三：覆盖施工作业应分层碾压，每层5～10cm为宜，碾压效果通 过压实度控制，压实度应达到95％以上。
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