WO2020071285A1 - 水素製造装置の運転方法及び水素製造装置の制御装置 - Google Patents
水素製造装置の運転方法及び水素製造装置の制御装置Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071285A1 WO2020071285A1 PCT/JP2019/038268 JP2019038268W WO2020071285A1 WO 2020071285 A1 WO2020071285 A1 WO 2020071285A1 JP 2019038268 W JP2019038268 W JP 2019038268W WO 2020071285 A1 WO2020071285 A1 WO 2020071285A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- fcv
- load
- hydrogen production
- production apparatus
- Prior art date
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 329
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000704611 Fig cryptic virus Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000003944 fast scan cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
- B60S5/02—Supplying fuel to vehicles; General disposition of plant in filling stations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/40—Business processes related to the transportation industry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- JP2018-187679 application number filed on October 2, 2018 in Japan.
- the contents described in JP2018-187679 are incorporated in the present application.
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a hydrogen production apparatus and a control apparatus for the hydrogen production apparatus, and for example, to a method and an apparatus for controlling the operation of a hydrogen production apparatus disposed at an on-site station.
- FCV Fuel Cell Vehicle
- on-site ST on-site hydrogen station
- off-site ST site hydrogen station
- the hydrogen station has a compressor that compresses hydrogen gas to a high pressure in order to rapidly fill the FCV with hydrogen gas, and a plurality of accumulators (multistage accumulators) that accumulate the hydrogen gas compressed to a high pressure by the compressor. ).
- a hydrogen station fills the accumulator to the FCV fuel tank by appropriately switching the accumulator to be used so that the pressure difference between the pressure in the accumulator and the pressure in the FCV fuel tank is kept large. Quickly fill with hydrogen gas.
- HPU Hydrogen Product Unit
- the hydrogen production apparatus is continuously operated at a load of 100% (rated) during business hours.
- surplus hydrogen gas that cannot be accumulated in the accumulator is released (discarded) into the atmosphere. This operation is continued from the start to the end of business.
- one embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus capable of performing less wasteful hydrogen production suitable for an actual situation without increasing the size of equipment.
- the method for operating the hydrogen production apparatus includes: A method for operating a hydrogen production apparatus arranged at a hydrogen station and producing hydrogen gas supplied to a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) arriving at the hydrogen station, Starting the hydrogen production device up to a first operation load ratio set in advance for the rated operation, At a first timing accompanying the arrival of the FCV, the operating load of the hydrogen production device is increased toward a second load ratio larger than the first operating load ratio, At a second timing following the completion of filling the FCV with hydrogen, the operating load of the hydrogen production device is reduced toward a third operating load ratio smaller than the second operating load ratio, It is characterized by the following.
- FCV fuel cell vehicle
- the control device of the hydrogen production device of one embodiment of the present invention includes: A control device for a hydrogen production device arranged at a hydrogen station for producing hydrogen gas supplied to a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) arriving at the hydrogen station, A start-up processing unit that starts up the hydrogen production apparatus up to a first operation load ratio set in advance with respect to the rated operation; A load increase processing unit configured to increase an operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus toward a second load ratio that is larger than the first operation load ratio at a first timing accompanying the arrival of the FCV; A load reduction processing unit configured to reduce the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus toward a third operation load ratio smaller than the second operation load ratio at a second timing following the completion of filling the FCV with hydrogen; It is characterized by having.
- less wasteful hydrogen production suitable for an actual situation can be performed without increasing the size of equipment.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a hydrogen gas supply system of a hydrogen station according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an internal configuration of a control circuit according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing main steps of an operation method of the hydrogen production apparatus in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of filling hydrogen fuel at a differential pressure using the multistage pressure accumulator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between an operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus and an FCV charging state according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a configuration diagram showing a configuration of the hydrogen gas supply system of the hydrogen station in the first embodiment.
- a hydrogen gas supply system 500 is disposed in a hydrogen station 102.
- the hydrogen gas supply system 500 includes a hydrogen production apparatus 300, a multi-stage accumulator 101, a dispenser 30 (weighing machine), a compressor 40, a sensor 31, and a control circuit 100.
- an example of the on-site ST is shown because the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is disposed in the hydrogen station 102 and serves as a hydrogen production base.
- the multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 is composed of a plurality of pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14.
- a multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 is configured by the three pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14.
- the pressure accumulator 10 acts as a first bank having a lower use lower limit pressure.
- the pressure accumulator 12 acts as, for example, a second bank having an intermediate use lower limit pressure.
- the pressure accumulator 14 functions as, for example, a 3rd bank having a high use lower limit pressure. However, it is not limited to this.
- Each accumulator used for the 1st bank to the 3rd bank is replaced as necessary. It is also preferable that a curl and / or an intermediate pressure accumulator (not shown) are arranged in the hydrogen station 102.
- the suction side of the compressor 40 is connected to the discharge side of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 via a valve 328 by a pipe.
- the discharge side of the compressor 40 is connected to the pressure accumulator 10 via a valve 21 by piping. Similarly, the discharge side of the compressor 40 is connected to the pressure accumulator 12 via a valve 23 by piping. Similarly, the discharge side of the compressor 40 is connected to the pressure accumulator 14 via a valve 25 by piping. Similarly, the discharge side of the compressor 40 is connected to the dispenser 30 via a valve 28 by piping.
- the accumulator 10 is connected to the dispenser 30 via a valve 22 via a pipe.
- the accumulator 12 is connected to the dispenser 30 via a valve 24 by a pipe.
- the pressure accumulator 14 is connected to the dispenser 30 via a valve 26 by piping.
- the discharge pressure of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is measured by the pressure gauge 318.
- the pressure in the accumulator 10 is measured by a pressure gauge 11.
- the pressure in the accumulator 12 is measured by a pressure gauge 13.
- the pressure in the accumulator 14 is measured by a pressure gauge 15.
- a flow regulating valve 29, a flow meter 27, a cooler 32 (precooler), and a pressure gauge 17 are arranged.
- the flow rate of the hydrogen gas supplied from the multi-stage accumulator 101 or the compressor 40 is measured by the flow meter 27, and the flow rate is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 29.
- the hydrogen gas is cooled by the cooler 32 to a predetermined temperature (for example, ⁇ 40 ° C.). Therefore, the dispenser 30 fills the fuel tank 202 mounted on the FCV 200 with the cooled hydrogen gas using, for example, a differential pressure.
- a control circuit 34 is disposed in or near the dispenser 30 so as to be able to communicate with the on-vehicle device 204 in the FCV 200 (fuel cell vehicle (FCV) using hydrogen gas as a power source) arriving at the hydrogen station 102.
- FCV fuel cell vehicle
- it is configured to be capable of wireless communication using infrared rays.
- the hydrogen gas as the fuel supplied from the dispenser 30 is injected into the FCV 200 from the receptacle (receptacle) into the fuel tank 202 through the fuel passage.
- the pressure and temperature in the fuel tank 202 are measured by a pressure gauge 206 and a thermometer 205 provided in the fuel tank 202 or in the fuel passage.
- the FCV 200 arrives at the hydrogen station 102, information detected by the sensor 31 and output to, for example, the control circuit 100 via the control circuit 34 in the dispenser 30 is output.
- the sensor 31 for example, a sensor that detects an object (FCV 200) that enters the hydrogen station 102 using a laser such as an infrared ray can be used.
- a camera may be used as the sensor 31. By taking an image with a camera, it is possible to more reliably determine that the intruding object is the FCV 200.
- the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production device 300 is supplied to the suction side of the compressor 40 at a low pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa). Accordingly, the primary pressure PIN on the suction side of the compressor 40 is normally low.
- the compressor 40 compresses the hydrogen gas supplied at a low pressure from the hydrogen production device 300 and supplies the compressed hydrogen gas to the accumulators 10, 12, and 14 of the multi-stage accumulator 101. If the supply amount of hydrogen gas is insufficient when supplying hydrogen gas from the multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 to the FCV 200, or if the multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 is recovering pressure, the compressor 40 is controlled by the control circuit 100. In some cases, the hydrogen gas may be supplied directly to the FCV 200 via the dispenser 30 while compressing the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen production apparatus 300 at a low pressure.
- the compressor 40 compresses the interior of the accumulators 10, 12, and 14 of the multi-stage accumulator 101 until a predetermined high pressure (for example, 82 MPa) is reached. In other words, the compressor 40 compresses until the secondary pressure P OUT on the discharge side becomes a predetermined high pressure (for example, 82 MPa or more).
- Whether the compressor 40 supplies the hydrogen gas to the accumulators 10, 12, 14 or the dispenser 30 is determined by opening and closing the corresponding valves 21, 23, 25, 28 disposed on the respective pipes. May be determined by the control circuit 100. Or you may control so that it may supply to two or more accumulators simultaneously.
- the case where the pressure PIN for supplying the hydrogen gas to the suction side of the compressor 40 is controlled to be reduced to a predetermined low pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa) is not limited to this. . It may be applied to the suction side of the compressor 40 and compressed at a pressure higher than a predetermined low pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa).
- the compressor 40 is not a reciprocating compressor that uses the suction-side pressure P IN (primary-side pressure) fixed at a constant pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa), but the suction-side pressure P IN.
- a high-pressure compressor of a type capable of variably supporting IN (primary pressure) is employed.
- a booster multi-stage pressure-increasing compressor having a suction-side pressure P IN (primary-side pressure) of, for example, 20 MPa or less.
- the hydrogen gas accumulated in the multi-stage accumulator 101 is cooled by the cooler 32 in the dispenser 30 and supplied from the dispenser 30 to the FCV 200 arriving in the hydrogen station 102.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the control circuit 100 according to the first embodiment. 2, in the control circuit 100, a communication control circuit 50, a memory 51, a receiving unit 52, an end pressure calculating unit 54, a flow planning unit 56, a system control unit 58, a pressure recovery control unit 61, a supply control unit 63, A pressure receiving unit 66, a hydrogen production device control unit 400 (control circuit of the hydrogen production device), and storage devices 80, 82, 84 such as magnetic disk devices are arranged.
- the pressure recovery controller 61 has a valve controller 60 and a compressor controller 62.
- the supply control unit 63 includes a dispenser control unit 64 and a valve control unit 65.
- the hydrogen production device control unit 400 includes a load setting unit 402, a standby operation processing unit 404, a load increase processing unit 406, a load decrease processing unit 408, a determination unit 410, a determination unit 412, a determination unit 413, a determination unit 414, and a determination unit 415. , A speed calculation unit 416, and a storage device 420 such as a magnetic disk device.
- Each unit such as 413, the determination unit 414, the determination unit 415, and the speed calculation unit 416) includes a processing circuit, and the processing circuit includes an electric circuit, a computer, a processor, a circuit board, a semiconductor device, or the like.
- each unit may use a common processing circuit (the same processing circuit). Alternatively, different processing circuits (separate processing circuits) may be used.
- FCV information such as the pressure and temperature of the fuel tank 202 mounted on the FCV 200 and the volume of the fuel tank 202, the remaining amount of hydrogen gas calculated from the FCV information, and the fuel tank 202
- a conversion table 81 indicating a correlation with filling information such as a final pressure to be filled and a final temperature is stored.
- a correction table 83 for correcting a result obtained from the conversion table 81 is stored.
- the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 it is preferable to maintain the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 as high as possible for rapid filling because the pressure difference between the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 and the fuel tank 202 that has arrived for filling can be increased. Therefore, it is desired that the hydrogen production amount of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 be increased so that the hydrogen gas for restoring the pressure of the pressure accumulator once used is not insufficient. On the other hand, it is difficult for the hydrogen production apparatus 300 to rapidly change the load. When increasing the load, for example, the load can be changed at a speed of several% / minute. For this reason, conventionally, during the business hours of the on-site ST, the vehicle has been continuously operated at the rated value.
- the reason is that, in general, operating at a rated value has higher hydrogen production efficiency.
- the total number of FCVs 200 and the total amount of FCVs 200 to be charged for filling hydrogen gas are not uniform between the on-site STs arranged in various places. For example, some on-site STs require only 50% of the amount of hydrogen gas produced per day when the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is operated at a rated rate, and some on-site STs require only 30% of the hydrogen gas amount per day.
- the filling amount varies depending on the time of the day.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is continuously operated at the rated value during the business hours of the on-site ST, the amount of hydrogen gas that can be stored in the multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 is limited, and a large amount of hydrogen gas exceeding this is left. . Then, the surplus amount of hydrogen gas is discarded. Further, just because it is wasteful to dispose, a method of arranging a large number of accumulators in the on-site ST and storing the accumulated pressure for one week, for example, results in an excessively large facility, which is not practical.
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is variably controlled in accordance with the actual arrival of the FCV 200.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing main steps of an operation method of the hydrogen production apparatus in the first embodiment.
- the operation method of the hydrogen production apparatus in the first embodiment includes a load setting step (S102), a start-up step (S104), a load increase switching determination step (S106), and a load increase processing step (S108).
- a series of steps of a descent stop processing step (S120) and a business end determination step (S122) are performed.
- the load setting unit 402 sets a plurality of operating load values used under a plurality of conditions. Specifically, the operation load 1 (L1) (first operation load ratio) when the stopped hydrogen production apparatus 300 is started up and the standby operation is performed, and the operation that becomes the maximum load when the load increase is required. Load 2 (L2) (second operating load ratio) and operating load 3 (L3) (third operating load ratio) that is the minimum load when load reduction is required are set.
- the case where the hydrogen production apparatus 300 performs rated operation is defined as a load of 100%. Also, the amount of hydrogen gas produced is proportional to the load ratio.
- the operating load 1 for example, it is preferable to set a predicted value of the hydrogen production amount based on past results and set the load according to the predicted value. For example, it is preferable to use the average value of the previous month or the average value for each day of the week. For example, it is preferable to set a load necessary to produce an average amount of hydrogen gas required per day. For example, the load is set to 10 to 30%. Thereby, the minimum production of hydrogen gas necessary for one day can be achieved.
- the operating load 2 is set to a value larger than the operating load 1. For example, the load is set to 100% (rated). However, it is not limited to this.
- the load may be set according to the number.
- the operating load 3 is set to a value smaller than the operating load 2. For example, a value similar to the operation load 1 is set. However, it is not limited to this. As long as the value is smaller than the operation load 2, the value may be larger than the operation load 1.
- each of the operating loads 1 to 3 is set in advance. Information on the set operating loads 1 to 3 is stored in the storage device 420.
- the standby operation processing unit 404 starts up the hydrogen production apparatus 300 from the stopped state to an operation load 1 (first operation load ratio) preset for rated operation. . Specifically, it operates as follows.
- the standby operation processing unit 404 reads the information on the operation load 1 from the storage device 420 and outputs a start command to the hydrogen production apparatus 300 via the communication control circuit 50 so as to operate at the operation load 1.
- the hydrogen production device 300 receives the start command and starts the operation from the stopped state.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 increases the load at a speed V1 of several% of load / min until the operation load becomes 1. For example, the load is increased at a speed V1 of 3% / min.
- hydrogen production apparatus 300 outputs information on the current operation state to standby operation processing section 404.
- the standby operation processing unit 404 manages whether the operation according to the start command is being executed, and outputs a control command as needed to control the hydrogen production apparatus 300. Therefore, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 produces hydrogen gas corresponding to the gradually increasing load. After starting up to the state of the operation load 1, the standby operation is continued at the operation load 1, and the amount of hydrogen gas corresponding to the operation load 1 is continuously produced. Further, the valve control unit 60 opens the valve 328 via the communication control circuit 50. Thus, the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production device 300 is supplied to the compressor 40.
- the valve control unit 60 opens, for example, the valve 25 from a state in which the valves 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28 are closed.
- the compressor control unit 62 drives the compressor 40 to send out a low-pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa) hydrogen gas while compressing it, and the pressure of the accumulator 14 becomes a predetermined pressure P0 (for example, 82 MPa). Until the accumulator 14 is filled with hydrogen gas, the accumulator 14 is accumulated (recovered).
- a low-pressure for example, 0.6 MPa
- P0 for example, 82 MPa
- valve control unit 60 closes the valve 25 and opens the valve 23 instead.
- the compressor control unit 62 drives the compressor 40 to send out a low-pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa) hydrogen gas while compressing it, and the pressure of the accumulator 12 becomes a predetermined pressure P0 (for example, 82 MPa). Until the accumulator 12 is filled with hydrogen gas, the accumulator 12 is accumulated (recovered).
- a low-pressure for example, 0.6 MPa
- P0 for example, 82 MPa
- valve control unit 60 closes the valve 23 and opens the valve 21 instead.
- the compressor control unit 62 drives the compressor 40 to send out a low-pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa) hydrogen gas while compressing it, and the pressure of the accumulator 10 becomes a predetermined pressure P0 (for example, 82 MPa). Until the accumulator 10 is filled with hydrogen gas, the accumulator 10 is accumulated (recovered).
- a low-pressure for example, 0.6 MPa
- P0 for example, 82 MPa
- the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 can be accumulated until a predetermined pressure P0 (for example, 82 MPa) is reached. In this way, preparation is made for charging the differential pressure into the FCV 200 by the multi-stage accumulator 101. If the FCV 200 has not arrived before the accumulation of pressure in the accumulators 10, 12, and 14, the valve control unit 60 closes the valve 328 and opens the opening valve 319 so that hydrogen gas produced after the accumulation is completed. Is released into the atmosphere (discarded). However, since the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is operated at the operation load 1, the amount of discarded hydrogen gas can be significantly reduced as compared with the case of operating at the load of 100%.
- a predetermined pressure P0 for example, 82 MPa
- the start-up process (S104) is performed when the hydrogen station 102 starts operating or shortly before the start of business so that the hydrogen station 102 enters a standby operation state at the start of business. For example, if the operation load 1 is 30% and the operation load can be increased at a speed of 3% / min, the start-up work is completed in about 10 minutes.
- the first FCV 200 arrives at the hydrogen station 102.
- the sensor 31 detects the FCV 200, and outputs the detected information to the control circuit 100 via the control circuit 34 in the dispenser 30, for example.
- the dispenser control unit 64 receives the detected information via the communication control circuit 50.
- the control circuit 100 can recognize that the FCV 200 has arrived at the hydrogen station 102.
- FCV 200 When the FCV 200 arrives at the hydrogen station 102, a worker of the hydrogen station 102 or a user of the FCV 200 connects (fits) the nozzle 44 of the dispenser 30 to a receptacle (receptacle) of the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 and fixes it.
- FCV 200 arrives in the hydrogen station 102 and the user or an operator of the hydrogen station 102 connects and fixes the nozzle 44 of the dispenser 30 to the receptacle (receptacle) of the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200, the vehicle-mounted device 204 and the control circuit 34. Communication with the (repeater) is established.
- FCV information such as the current pressure and temperature of the fuel tank 202 and the volume of the fuel tank 202 is transmitted from the vehicle-mounted device 204. Output (transmitted) in real time.
- the FCV information is transmitted to the control circuit 100 via the control circuit 34.
- the receiving unit 52 receives the FCV information via the communication control circuit 50.
- the FCV information is monitored constantly or at a predetermined sampling interval (for example, 10 ms to several seconds) while the communication between the vehicle-mounted device 204 and the control circuit 34 is established.
- the received FCV information is stored in the storage device 80 together with the information on the reception time.
- the end pressure calculation unit 54 reads the conversion table 81 from the storage device 80, and receives the final pressure Pa, the temperature Ti, the volume V of the fuel tank 202, and the final temperature corresponding to the received outside temperature T 'of the fuel tank 202 at the initial reception.
- the pressure PF is calculated and predicted.
- the end pressure calculation unit 54 reads the correction table 83 from the storage device 80 and corrects the numerical value obtained by the conversion table 81 as necessary. If the obtained result has a large error using only the data of the conversion table 81, the correction table 83 may be provided based on the result obtained by experiments or simulations.
- the calculated final pressure PF is output to the system control unit 58.
- the flow planning unit 56 creates a charging control flow plan for supplying (filling) hydrogen gas to the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 with a differential pressure by using the multi-stage accumulator 101.
- the flow planning unit 56 performs a charging control flow plan including selection of an accumulator (selection of the accumulators 10, 12, and 14) for switching the pressure of the fuel tank 202 to the final pressure PF and switching timing of the multi-stage accumulator 101. create.
- the created control data of the filling control flow plan is temporarily stored in the storage device 82.
- the flow planning unit 56 sets a pressure increase rate according to the external temperature and calculates a filling speed corresponding to the pressure increase rate.
- a filling speed corresponding to a pressure rise rate determined according to the external temperature applied during the filling is calculated.
- the pressure rise rate determined according to the external temperature is incorporated in the data of the conversion table 81 in advance.
- a filling control flow is planned under these conditions, and a time t (end time 1) (arrival time) from the start of filling to reach the final pressure PF is obtained.
- hydrogen gas is charged from the dispenser 30 (meter) into the fuel tank 202 mounted on the FCV 200 using hydrogen gas as a power source in accordance with the created charging control flow. Specifically, it operates as follows.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of filling hydrogen fuel at a differential pressure using the multistage pressure accumulator in the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis indicates pressure
- the horizontal axis indicates time.
- the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 of the multi-stage pressure accumulator 101 are usually stored in advance at the same pressure P0 (for example, 82 MPa).
- the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 arriving at the hydrogen station 102 has a pressure Pa. A case in which the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 is started to be filled from such a state will be described.
- the supply control unit 63 controls the supply unit 106 to supply hydrogen fuel from the pressure accumulator 10 to the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 under the control of the system control unit 58.
- the system control unit 58 controls the dispenser control unit 64 and the valve control unit 65.
- the dispenser control unit 64 communicates with the control circuit 34 of the dispenser 30 via the communication control circuit 50, and controls the operation of the dispenser 30. Specifically, first, the control circuit 34 adjusts the opening degree of the flow control valve 29 in the dispenser 30 so as to reach the calculated filling speed M.
- the valve control unit 65 outputs a control signal to the valves 22, 24, 26 via the communication control circuit 50, and controls the opening and closing of each valve. Specifically, the valve 22 is opened and the valves 24 and 26 are kept closed. Thereby, hydrogen fuel is supplied from the accumulator 10 to the fuel tank 202.
- the hydrogen fuel accumulated in the accumulator 10 by the pressure difference between the accumulator 10 and the fuel tank 202 moves toward the fuel tank 202 at the adjusted filling speed, and the pressure in the fuel tank 202 is changed as shown by a dotted line Pt. It gradually rises. Along with this, the pressure of the accumulator 10 (graph indicated by “1st”) gradually decreases.
- the pressure accumulator used for the pressure accumulator 12 which is the second bank, for example, is switched from the pressure accumulator 10 to the second bank.
- the valve control unit 65 outputs a control signal to the valves 22, 24, and 26 via the communication control circuit 50, and controls opening and closing of each valve. Specifically, the valve 24 is opened, the valve 22 is closed, and the valve 26 is kept closed. As a result, the pressure difference between the pressure accumulator 12 and the fuel tank 202 increases, so that a state where the filling speed is high can be maintained.
- the hydrogen fuel stored in the pressure accumulator 12 due to, for example, the differential pressure between the pressure accumulator 12 and the fuel tank 202 that forms the second bank moves to the fuel tank 202 side at the same adjusted filling speed. Is gradually further increased as shown by a dotted line Pt. Along with this, the pressure of the accumulator 12 (graph indicated by “2nd”) gradually decreases.
- the pressure accumulator used for the pressure accumulator 14 which is the third bank, for example, is switched from the pressure accumulator 12 to the third bank.
- the valve control unit 65 outputs a control signal to the valves 22, 24, and 26 via the communication control circuit 50, and controls opening and closing of each valve. Specifically, the valve 26 is opened, the valve 24 is closed, and the valve 22 is kept closed. As a result, the pressure difference between the pressure accumulator 14 and the fuel tank 202 increases, so that a state where the filling speed is high can be maintained.
- the hydrogen fuel accumulated in the accumulator 14 due to, for example, the differential pressure between the accumulator 14 and the fuel tank 202 serving as a 3rd bank moves toward the fuel tank 202 at the adjusted filling speed, and the pressure of the fuel tank 202 is reduced. Gradually rises further as indicated by the dotted line Pt. Accordingly, the pressure of the accumulator 14 (the graph indicated by “3rd”) gradually decreases. Then, the fuel is charged until the pressure of the fuel tank 202 reaches the calculated final pressure PF (for example, 65 to 81 MPa) by the accumulator 14 serving as a 3rd bank.
- the calculated final pressure PF for example, 65 to 81 MPa
- the hydrogen gas is charged into the fuel tank 202 sequentially from the first bank.
- a case is shown in which the pressure P1 of the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200 arriving at the hydrogen station 102 is sufficiently lower than the use lower limit pressure of the pressure accumulator 10 serving as a preset low-pressure bank.
- the state is sufficiently low, for example, 1 / or less at the time of full filling (full tank) is shown.
- three accumulators 10, 12, and 14 are required.
- the FCV 200 arriving at the hydrogen station 102 is not limited to the case where the pressure of the fuel tank 202 is sufficiently low.
- the pressure of the fuel tank 202 is higher than, for example, ⁇ at the time of full filling, for example, two pressure accumulators 10 and 12 may be sufficient.
- the pressure of the fuel tank 202 is high, for example, one pressure accumulator 10 may be sufficient.
- the accumulator to be used is switched among the accumulators 10, 12, and 14.
- the nozzle 44 of the dispenser 30 is removed from the receptacle (receptacle) of the fuel tank 202 of the FCV 200, and the user pays, for example, a fee corresponding to the filling amount. , You will leave the hydrogen station 102.
- the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 operates as follows.
- the determining unit 410 determines whether a rising condition that is the timing of the load increase switching has occurred. For example, it is preferable to use the fact that the sensor 31 detects the arrival of the FCV 200 at the hydrogen station 102 as a rising condition. Alternatively, it is preferable to use the start of filling the hydrogen gas into the FCV 200 as the ascending condition. Alternatively, a predetermined timing during charging of the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas may be used as the rising condition. For example, a timing several tens of seconds after the start of filling the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas is used as a rising condition. When such a rising condition occurs, the process proceeds to a load rising processing step (S108).
- the process returns to the load rise switching determination step (S106), and the load rising switching determination step (S106) is repeated until the rising condition occurs.
- the residual pressure of the pressure accumulator any or all of the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 for accumulating the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is equal to or less than the threshold value is added to the above-described rising condition. It is also suitable.
- the load increase processing unit 406 determines the operation load 1 (first) at the determination (detection) timing (first timing) of determining (detecting) the occurrence of an increase condition accompanying the arrival of the FCV 200.
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is increased toward the operation load 2 (second operation load ratio) larger than the operation load ratio).
- the timing of detecting the arrival of the FCV 200 to the hydrogen station 102 the timing of detecting the start of filling the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas, and the predetermined timing during the filling of the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas.
- the load increase processing unit 406 reads the information on the operation load 2 from the storage device 420 at the determination (detection) timing when the occurrence of the increase condition is determined (detected), and operates the operation load 2 via the communication control circuit 50. Thus, the load increase command is output to the hydrogen production apparatus 300.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 receives the load increase command, and increases the load from the state where the operation is performed with the operation load 1. Unless the load lowering process described below is started, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 increases the load at a speed V1 of several% of load / min until the operating load becomes 2. For example, the load is increased at a speed V1 of 3% / min. Then, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 outputs information on the current operation state to the load increase processing unit 406.
- the load increase processing unit 406 manages whether the operation according to the load increase command is being executed, and outputs a control command as needed to control the hydrogen production apparatus 300. Therefore, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 produces hydrogen gas corresponding to the gradually increasing load. Then, after the load lowering process has not been started and the operation load 2 has started up, the operation is continued at the operation load 2 and the amount of hydrogen gas corresponding to the operation load 2 is continuously produced. At this time, the valve control unit 60 closes the opening valve 319 and opens the valve 328 via the communication control circuit 50. Thus, the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production device 300 is supplied to the compressor 40.
- the valve control unit 60 opens, for example, the valve 21 from a state in which the valves 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 28 are closed. Open the accumulator valve whose pressure has been reduced by use as much as possible.
- the compressor control unit 62 drives the compressor 40 to send out a low-pressure (for example, 0.6 MPa) hydrogen gas while compressing it, and the pressure of the accumulator 10 serving as the first bank becomes a predetermined pressure P0 (for example, The pressure of the pressure accumulator 10 is restored by filling the pressure accumulator 10 with hydrogen gas until the pressure reaches 82 MPa). If hydrogen gas is being charged from the pressure accumulator 10 into the FCV 200, the pressure accumulator 10 charges the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas while the pressure is restored. If the pressure accumulator that fills the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas has been switched from the pressure accumulator 10 to the pressure accumulator 12 or the pressure accumulator 14, the pressure of the pressure accumulator 12 or the pressure accumulator 14 is similarly restored.
- a low-pressure for example, 0.6 MPa
- hydrogen gas is sequentially supplied to the multi-stage accumulator 101 in which the pressure is reduced by filling the FCV 200 with hydrogen gas.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 has a capacity of producing 30 kg / h of hydrogen gas at a load of 100% and the filling amount of the FCV 200 is 3 kg / vehicle, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 has a capacity of 10 / h.
- Hydrogen gas can be produced. Therefore, a required amount of hydrogen gas can be produced in 6 minutes per unit.
- hydrogen production apparatus 300 is operated at a load of 50%, hydrogen gas for 5 units / h can be produced. Therefore, a required amount of hydrogen gas can be produced in 12 minutes per unit.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is operated at a load of 30%, hydrogen gas for three units / h can be produced. Therefore, a required amount of hydrogen gas can be produced in 20 minutes per unit. It is assumed that the filling time of hydrogen gas into one FCV 200 is, for example, about 5 minutes. If the load increasing speed is 3% / min, the operating load can be increased from, for example, 30% to 50% in about 7 minutes.
- the second FCV 200 arrives at the hydrogen station 102 during the filling of the first FCV 200 or immediately after the filling of the first FCV 200, by the time the filling of the second FCV 200 is started, Including the time for attaching and detaching the nozzle 44, about 7 to 8 minutes have elapsed from the start of the filling of the first FCV 200.
- the pressure accumulators 10, 12, and 14 are not emptied by the filling of the first FCV 200, the required amount of hydrogen gas for the second FCV 200 is required before the filling of the second FCV 200 is started. Can be secured sufficiently. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the shortage of the filling amount from occurring.
- the load is switched as follows.
- the determination unit 412 determines whether a lowering condition that is the timing of the load reduction switching has occurred. For example, it is preferable to use the fact that the filling of hydrogen into the FCV 200 is used as the descending condition. Alternatively, it is preferable to use, as a descending condition, a lapse of a predetermined period after completion of filling the FCV 200 with hydrogen. Alternatively, it is preferable to use that the pressure of the pressure accumulator 10 (12, 14) for accumulating the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production apparatus 300 becomes equal to or higher than a threshold value as the descending condition. When such a lowering condition occurs, the process proceeds to a load lowering process step (S116). If the descending condition has not occurred, the process proceeds to the load reaching determination step (S112).
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 determines whether the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 has reached the operation load 2. Alternatively, the determination unit 413 may determine whether the operation load of the hydrogen production device 300 has reached the operation load 2. When the operation load 2 has been reached, the process proceeds to a load increase stop processing step (S114). If the operation load 2 has not been reached, the process returns to the load reduction switching determination step (S110) while continuing the load increase.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 stops increasing the load when the hydrogen load reaches the operation load 2, and continues operation in the state of the operation load 2. As described above, if the filling of hydrogen into the FCV 200 is not completed before the operation load 2 is reached, for example, the increase in the load is stopped when the operation load 2 is reached. Further, at the determination (detection) timing when the load reaches the operation load 2, the load increase processing unit 406 sends a load maintenance command to the hydrogen production apparatus 300 via the communication control circuit 50 to perform the operation maintained at the operation load 2. May be output. Then, the process returns to the load drop switching determination step (S110).
- the load lowering processor 408 determines (detects) the occurrence of a lowering condition associated with the completion of hydrogen filling of the FCV 200 at a determination (detection) timing (second timing) (operation timing 2).
- the operating load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is reduced toward an operating load 3 (third operating load ratio) smaller than the second operating load ratio).
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is decreased toward the operation load 3 at one of the timing when the pressure becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value.
- the load lowering processing unit 408 reads information on the operation load 3 from the storage device 420 at the determination (detection) timing when the occurrence of the lowering condition is determined (detected), and operates the operation load 3 via the communication control circuit 50.
- the load lowering command is output to the hydrogen production apparatus 300.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 receives the load lowering command, and lowers the load from a state where the hydrogen generating apparatus 300 is increasing toward the operating load 2 or is operating with the operating load 2.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 lowers the load at a speed V2 of several% of load / min until the operation load becomes 3. For example, the load is decreased at a speed V2 of 3% / min.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 outputs information on the current operation state to the load reduction processing unit 408.
- the load reduction processing unit 408 manages whether the operation according to the load reduction command is being performed, and outputs a control command as needed to control the hydrogen production apparatus 300. Therefore, the hydrogen production apparatus 300 produces hydrogen gas corresponding to the gradually decreasing load.
- the process returns to the load increase switching determination step (S106) and proceeds to the load arrival determination step (S118).
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 determines whether the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 has reached the operation load 3. Alternatively, the determination unit 414 may determine whether the operation load of the hydrogen production device 300 has reached the operation load 3. When the operation load 3 has been reached, the process proceeds to the load lowering stop processing step (S120). If the operating load 3 has not been reached, the load reaching determination step (S118) is repeated.
- the hydrogen production apparatus 300 stops lowering the load when it reaches the operating load 3, and continues operating under the state of the operating load 3. As described above, when the next FCV 200 does not arrive before the operation load 3 is reached, for example, the lowering of the load is stopped when the operation load 3 is reached. Further, at the determination (detection) timing of reaching the operation load 3, the load lowering processing unit 408 sends a load maintenance command to the hydrogen production apparatus 300 via the communication control circuit 50 to perform the operation maintained at the operation load 3. May be output. Then, the process proceeds to the business hours determination step (S122).
- the determination unit 415 determines whether the business has ended. If it is still in business, the process returns to the load increase switching determination step (S106) to wait for the next FCV 200. When the business is finished, the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is continued at the operation load 3 until the start of business the next day.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus and the state of FCV charging in the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the operating load (%) of the hydrogen production apparatus 300
- the horizontal axis represents the state of filling the FCV 200.
- the hydrogen production device 300 is started up from the state where the hydrogen production device 300 is stopped to the operation load 1 (load L1) at the speed V1. In this state, the operation of the hydrogen station 102 is started.
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is increased toward the operation load 2 (load L2) at the speed V1.
- the filling of the first FCV 200 is completed during the ascent.
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is decreased toward the operation load 3 (load L3) at the speed V2.
- the filling of the second FCV 200 is started during the descent.
- the operation load based on the determination (detection) timing (first timing) of the occurrence of the ascending condition for the subsequent FCV (second unit) arriving at the hydrogen station 102 after the previous FCV 200 (first unit) Is configured to give priority to the decrease in the operating load at the timing (second timing) of determining (detecting) the occurrence of the lowering condition for the FCV 200 (first vehicle).
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is increased toward the operation load 2 (load L2) at the speed V1.
- the operation load 2 is reached during the filling of the second FCV 200.
- the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is continued at the operation load 2.
- the operation load of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is decreased toward the operation load 3 (load L3) at the speed V2.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a case where the third and subsequent FCVs 200 have not arrived until the operation load 3 is reached.
- the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is continued at the operation load 3.
- the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is continued at the operation load 3 until the start of business on the next day.
- the case where the operating loads 1 and 3 have the same value is shown. However, when the operating loads 1 and 3 are different, after the end of the business hours, the hydrogen production device is operated at the operating load 1 until the start of the next day.
- the operation of 300 (standby operation: idling operation) may be continued, a warm-up operation (heating the reformer but not producing hydrogen) may be performed, or the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 300 may be stopped. You may. Further, after the business is over, the settings of the operating loads 1 to 3 may be changed for business on the next day. Of course, the settings of the operating loads 1 to 3 may be changed during business hours. Needless to say, after the setting is changed, the operation is controlled according to the latest set value.
- waste of hydrogen gas of a production amount corresponding to the area shown by the hatched portion can be eliminated as compared with the case where the hydrogen production apparatus 300 is operated at a load of 100% from the start of business to the end of business. .
- the speed V1 at which the operating load of the hydrogen production device 300 is increased is calculated by the speed calculator 416.
- the hydrogen production device 300 can variably adjust the ascending speed V1 and the descending speed V2 as long as the speed is lower than the performance limit of the hydrogen production device 300. Therefore, it is preferable that the speed calculation unit 416 variably adjusts the rising speed V1 according to the residual pressure of the pressure accumulator 10 (14, 16) that accumulates the hydrogen gas produced by the hydrogen production device 300.
- the pressure receiving unit 66 receives the pressure of the accumulator 10 (14, 16) from each of the pressure gauges 11, 13, 15 (17, 318).
- the received pressure data is stored in the storage device 84. For example, when the residual pressure is large, the calculation is performed such that the rising speed V1 is reduced, and when the residual pressure is small, the calculation is performed such that the rising speed V1 is increased. Thereby, the amount of hydrogen gas to be discarded can be further reduced.
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a hydrogen production apparatus and a control apparatus for the hydrogen production apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
水素ステーションに配置され、水素ステーションに到来する燃料電池自動車(FCV)に供給される水素ガスを製造する水素製造装置の運転方法において、
定格運転に対して予め設定される第1の運転負荷割合まで水素製造装置を立ち上げ、
FCVの到来に伴う第1のタイミングで第1の運転負荷割合よりも大きい第2の負荷割合に向かって水素製造装置の運転負荷を上昇させ、
FCVへの水素充填完了に伴う第2のタイミングで第2の運転負荷割合よりも小さい第3の運転負荷割合に向かって水素製造装置の運転負荷を下降させる、
ことを特徴とする。
水素ステーションに配置され、水素ステーションに到来する燃料電池自動車(FCV)に供給される水素ガスを製造する水素製造装置の制御装置であって、
定格運転に対して予め設定される第1の運転負荷割合まで水素製造装置を立ち上げる立上げ処理部と、
FCVの到来に伴う第1のタイミングで第1の運転負荷割合よりも大きい第2の負荷割合に向かって水素製造装置の運転負荷を上昇させる負荷上昇処理部と、
FCVへの水素充填完了に伴う第2のタイミングで第2の運転負荷割合よりも小さい第3の運転負荷割合に向かって水素製造装置の運転負荷を下降させる負荷下降処理部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
11,13,15,17,318 圧力計
21,22,23,24,25,26,28,328 バルブ
27 流量計
29 流量調整弁
30 ディスペンサ
31 センサ
32 冷却器
34 制御回路
40 圧縮機
44 ノズル
50 通信制御回路
51 メモリ
52 受信部
54 終了圧演算部
56 フロー計画部
58 システム制御部
60,65 バルブ制御部
61 復圧制御部
62 圧縮機制御部
63 供給制御部
64 ディスペンサ制御部
66 圧力受信部
80,82,84 記憶装置
81 変換テーブル
83 補正テーブル
100 制御回路
101 多段蓄圧器
102 水素ステーション
104 復圧機構
106 供給部
200 FCV
202 燃料タンク
204 車載器
205 温度計
206 圧力計
300 水素製造装置
319 開放弁
400 水素製造装置制御部
402 負荷設定部
404 待機運転処理部
406 負荷上昇処理部
408 負荷下降処理部
410,412,413,414,415 判定部
416 速度演算部
420 記憶装置
500 水素ガス供給システム
Claims (7)
- 水素ステーションに配置され、前記水素ステーションに到来する燃料電池自動車(FCV)に供給される水素ガスを製造する水素製造装置の運転方法において、
定格運転に対して予め設定される第1の運転負荷割合まで水素製造装置を立ち上げ、
前記FCVの到来に伴う第1のタイミングで前記第1の運転負荷割合よりも大きい第2の負荷割合に向かって前記水素製造装置の運転負荷を上昇させ、
前記FCVへの水素充填完了に伴う第2のタイミングで前記第2の運転負荷割合よりも小さい第3の運転負荷割合に向かって前記水素製造装置の運転負荷を下降させる、
ことを特徴とする水素製造装置の運転方法。 - 前記第1のタイミングは、前記水素ステーションへの前記FCVの到来を検知したタイミングと、前記FCVへの水素ガス充填開始を検知したタイミングと、前記FCVへの水素ガス充填中の所定のタイミングと、のうち1つであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水素製造装置の運転方法。
- 前記第2のタイミングは、前記FCVへの水素充填完了を検知したタイミングと、前記FCVへの水素充填完了から所定の期間経過したタイミングと、前記水素製造装置により製造された水素ガスを蓄圧する蓄圧器の圧力が閾値以上になったタイミングと、のうち1つであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の水素製造装置の運転方法。
- 前記FCVの次に前記水素ステーションに到来する後続FCVに対する前記第1のタイミングによる運転負荷の上昇は、先の前記FCVに対する前記第2のタイミングによる運転負荷の下降に優先することを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか記載の水素製造装置の運転方法。
- 前記第1のタイミングは、前記水素ステーションへの前記FCVの到来を検知したタイミングと、前記FCVへの水素ガス充填開始を検知したタイミングと、前記FCVへの水素ガス充填中の所定のタイミングと、のうちの前記1つであって、さらに、前記水素製造装置により製造された水素ガスを蓄圧する蓄圧器の残圧が閾値以下の場合であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の水素製造装置の運転方法。
- 前記水素製造装置の運転負荷を上昇させる速度は、前記水素製造装置により製造された水素ガスを蓄圧する蓄圧器の残圧に応じて可変に調整されることを特徴とする請求項1~4いずれか記載の水素製造装置の運転方法。
- 水素ステーションに配置され、前記水素ステーションに到来する燃料電池自動車(FCV)に供給される水素ガスを製造する水素製造装置の制御装置であって、
定格運転に対して予め設定される第1の運転負荷割合まで水素製造装置を立ち上げる立上げ処理部と、
前記FCVの到来に伴う第1のタイミングで前記第1の運転負荷割合よりも大きい第2の負荷割合に向かって前記水素製造装置の運転負荷を上昇させる負荷上昇処理部と、
前記FCVへの水素充填完了に伴う第2のタイミングで前記第2の運転負荷割合よりも小さい第3の運転負荷割合に向かって前記水素製造装置の運転負荷を下降させる負荷下降処理部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする水素製造装置の制御装置。
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JP2020550398A JPWO2020071285A1 (ja) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-09-27 | 水素製造装置の運転方法及び水素製造装置の制御装置 |
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