WO2020067686A1 - 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-hardness wear-resistant steel and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a high-hardness wear-resistant steel that can be used in construction machinery and the like and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the abrasion resistance and hardness of the thick steel plate are correlated with each other, so it is necessary to increase the hardness in the thick steel plate in which wear is concerned.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method of increasing the C content and increasing the surface hardness by adding a large amount of elements for improving the hardenability such as Cr and Mo.
- more hardenability elements are added to secure hardenability at the center of the steel sheet, and the production cost increases and weldability and low-temperature toughness are increased by adding a large amount of C and hardenable alloy. There is a problem that this decreases.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1996-041535
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1986-166954
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a high-hardness wear-resistant steel having high strength and high impact toughness at the same time as having excellent wear resistance and a method for manufacturing the same.
- niobium (Nb): 0.05% or less excluding 0
- vanadium (V): 0.05% or less excluding 0)
- the content of the alloy composition described below is% by weight.
- Carbon (C) is effective in increasing strength and hardness in a steel having a martensite structure and is an effective element for improving hardenability.
- the lower limit of the C content is more preferably 0.34%, even more preferably 0.35%, and most preferably 0.36%.
- the upper limit of the C content is more preferably 0.40%, even more preferably 0.39%, and most preferably 0.38%.
- Silicon (Si) is an effective element for improving strength due to deoxidation and solid solution strengthening. In order to obtain the above effects effectively, it is preferable to add at least 0.1%, but if the content exceeds 0.7%, it is not preferable because the weldability deteriorates. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to control the Si content to 0.1 to 0.7%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is more preferably 0.12%, even more preferably 0.15%, and most preferably 0.2%.
- the upper limit of the Si content is more preferably 0.5%, even more preferably 0.45%, and most preferably 0.4%.
- Manganese (Mn) is an element that suppresses ferrite production and lowers the Ar3 temperature to effectively increase the quenching properties to improve the strength and toughness of the steel.
- Mn is an element that suppresses ferrite production and lowers the Ar3 temperature to effectively increase the quenching properties to improve the strength and toughness of the steel.
- the lower limit of the Mn content is more preferably 0.65%, even more preferably 0.70%, and most preferably 0.75%.
- the upper limit of the Mn content is more preferably 1.55%, even more preferably 1.50%, and most preferably 1.45%.
- Phosphorus (P) is an element that is inevitably contained in steel and is an element that inhibits the toughness of steel. Therefore, it is preferable to control the P content to be as low as 0.05% or less, but 0% is excluded considering the inevitably contained level.
- the P content is more preferably 0.03% or less, even more preferably 0.02% or less, and most preferably 0.01% or less.
- S Sulfur
- S is an element that inhibits the toughness of steel by forming MnS inclusions in steel. Therefore, it is preferable to control the content of S to be as low as possible to 0.02% or less, but considering the level inevitably contained, 0% is excluded.
- the S content is more preferably 0.01% or less, even more preferably 0.005% or less, and most preferably 0.003% or less.
- Aluminum (Al) is a deoxidizing agent for steel and is an effective element to lower the oxygen content in molten steel.
- the content of Al exceeds 0.07%, there is a problem that the cleanliness of the steel is impaired, which is not preferable. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to control the content of Al to 0.07% or less, and 0% is excluded in consideration of the load during the steelmaking process and an increase in manufacturing cost.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.05% or less, even more preferably 0.04% or less, and most preferably 0.03% or less.
- Nickel (Ni) is generally an effective element for improving toughness and strength of steel. For the above-described effect, it is preferable to add Ni at 0.55% or more, but when the content exceeds 5.0%, it causes a manufacturing cost to rise with expensive elements. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to control the content of Ni to 0.55 ⁇ 5.0%.
- the lower limit of the Ni content is more preferably 0.6%, even more preferably 0.7%, and most preferably 0.8%.
- the upper limit of the Ni content is more preferably 4.5%, even more preferably 4.0%, and most preferably 3.5%.
- Copper (Cu) is an element that can simultaneously increase the strength and toughness of steel together with Ni.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is more preferably 0.05%, even more preferably 0.10%, and most preferably 0.15%.
- the upper limit of the Cu content is more preferably 1.2%, even more preferably 1.0%, and most preferably 0.8%.
- Chromium (Cr) increases the strength of steel by increasing the quenching property, and is an element that is also advantageous in securing hardness.
- Cr Chromium
- the lower limit of the Cr content is more preferably 0.1%, even more preferably 0.15%, and most preferably 0.2%.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is more preferably 0.75%, even more preferably 0.70%, and most preferably 0.65%.
- Molybdenum (Mo) increases the quenching properties of steel, and is an effective element for improving the hardness of thick materials.
- Mo Molybdenum
- the lower limit of the Mo content is more preferably 0.1%, even more preferably 0.12%, and most preferably 0.15%.
- the upper limit of the Mo content is more preferably 0.75%, even more preferably 0.72%, and most preferably 0.70%.
- Boron (B) is an effective element for improving the strength by effectively increasing the quenching properties of steel even with a small amount.
- the lower limit of the B content is more preferably 2 ppm, more preferably 3 ppm, and most preferably 5 ppm.
- the upper limit of the B content is more preferably 40 ppm, even more preferably 35 ppm, and most preferably 30 ppm.
- Co Co + 0.02% or less (excluding 0)
- Co Co
- the lower limit of the Co content is more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002% or less, and most preferably 0.003% or less.
- the upper limit of the Co content is more preferably 0.018%, even more preferably 0.015%, and most preferably 0.013%.
- the abrasion-resistant steel of the present invention may further include elements advantageous for securing physical properties targeted in the present invention, in addition to the above-described alloy composition.
- elements advantageous for securing physical properties targeted in the present invention in addition to the above-described alloy composition.
- calcium (Ca) 2 to 100ppm may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- Titanium (Ti) is an element that maximizes the effect of B, which is an effective element for improving the quenching properties of steel.
- the Ti can be combined with nitrogen (N) to form a TiN precipitate to suppress the formation of BN, thereby increasing the solid solution B to maximize the quenching improvement.
- N nitrogen
- the lower limit of the Ti content is more preferably 0.005%, even more preferably 0.007%, and most preferably 0.010%.
- the upper limit of the Ti content is more preferably 0.019%, even more preferably 0.017%, and most preferably 0.015%.
- Niobium (Nb) is dissolved in austenite to increase the hardenability of austenite and to form carbonitrides such as Nb (C, N) to increase the strength of steel and suppress austenite grain growth.
- Nb Niobium
- the lower limit of the Nb content is more preferably 0.002%, even more preferably 0.003%, and most preferably 0.005%.
- the upper limit of the Nb content is more preferably 0.040%, more preferably 0.035%, and most preferably 0.030%.
- V Vanadium (V): 0.05% or less (excluding 0)
- Vanadium (V) is an element that is advantageous for securing strength and toughness by suppressing the growth of austenite grains and improving the hardenability of steel by forming VC carbides upon reheating after hot rolling.
- V is an expensive element, and when its content exceeds 0.05%, it is a factor that increases manufacturing cost. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to control the content to 0.05% or less when the V is added.
- the lower limit of the V content is more preferably 0.002%, even more preferably 0.003%, and most preferably 0.005%.
- the upper limit of the V content is more preferably 0.045%, even more preferably 0.042%, and most preferably 0.040%.
- Ca Calcium
- CaS has a good binding force with S, thereby generating CaS, thereby suppressing the formation of MnS segregated in the center of the steel thickness.
- CaS produced by the addition of Ca has an effect of increasing corrosion resistance under a humid external environment.
- the lower limit of the Ca content is more preferably 3 ppm, more preferably 4 ppm, and most preferably 5 ppm.
- the upper limit of the Ca content is more preferably 80 ppm, even more preferably 60 ppm, and most preferably 40 ppm.
- the abrasion-resistant steel of the present invention additionally contains arsenic (As): 0.05% or less (excluding 0), tin (Sn): 0.05% or less (excluding 0), and tungsten (W). : 0.05% or less (excluding 0) may further include one or more selected from the group.
- the As is effective for improving the toughness of the steel, and the Sn is effective for improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel.
- W is an element that is effective for improving strength and improving hardness at high temperatures by increasing the quenching property.
- the contents of As, Sn, and W exceed 0.05%, the manufacturing cost increases, and there is a possibility that the properties of steel are impaired. Therefore, in the present invention, when the As, Sn, and W are additionally included, it is preferable to control their contents to 0.05% or less, respectively.
- the lower limits of the As, Sn and W contents are more preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, and most preferably 0.003%.
- the upper limits of the As, Sn, and W contents are more preferably 0.04%, more preferably 0.03%, and most preferably 0.02%.
- the remaining component of the invention is iron (Fe).
- Fe iron
- unintended impurities from the raw material or the surrounding environment may inevitably be mixed, and therefore cannot be excluded. Since these impurities are known to anyone skilled in the ordinary manufacturing process, they are not specifically mentioned in this specification.
- C and Ni satisfy the following relational expression 1 among the alloy compositions described above.
- it is characterized by securing not only ultra-high hardness but also excellent low-temperature toughness.
- it is preferable to satisfy the following relational expression 1.
- the value of [C] x [Ni] is 0.231 or more.
- the value of [C] ⁇ [Ni] is more preferably 0.396 or more, even more preferably 0.792 or more, and most preferably 1 or more.
- the higher the value of [C] ⁇ [Ni] the more advantageous the effect is. Therefore, the upper limit of the value of [C] ⁇ [Ni] is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- the microstructure of the wear-resistant steel of the present invention contains martensite as a matrix structure. More specifically, it is preferable that the abrasion-resistant steel of the present invention contains at least 95% (including 100%) martensite in an area fraction. If the fraction of martensite is less than 95%, there is a problem in that it is difficult to secure a target level of strength and hardness.
- the microstructure of the wear-resistant steel of the present invention may further include bainite of 5 area% or less, through which it is possible to further improve low-temperature impact toughness.
- the fraction of martensite is more preferably 96% or more, and even more preferably 97% or more.
- the fraction of bainite is more preferably 4% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less.
- the abrasion-resistant steel of the present invention provided as described above secures a surface hardness of 550 to 650 HB, and has an effect of having a shock absorption energy of 21 J or more at a low temperature of -40 ° C.
- the HB represents the surface hardness of the steel measured with a Brinell hardness tester.
- the abrasion-resistant steel of the present invention preferably has a hardness (HB) and an impact absorption energy (J) satisfying the following relational expression 2.
- HB hardness
- J impact absorption energy
- the present invention it is characterized by improving low-temperature toughness characteristics in addition to high hardness, and for this, it is preferable to satisfy the following relational expression 2. That is, if only the surface hardness is high and the impact toughness is inferior and does not satisfy the relational expression 2, or the impact toughness is excellent but the surface hardness does not reach the target value and the relational expression 2 is not satisfied, the final target high hardness and low temperature toughness characteristics It cannot be guaranteed.
- the steel slab is heated in a temperature range of 1050 to 1250 ° C. If the slab heating temperature is less than 1050 ° C, re-use of Nb or the like is insufficient, whereas when the temperature exceeds 1250 ° C, there is a fear that austenite grains become coarsened and an uneven structure is formed. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the heating temperature of the steel slab has a range of 1050 to 1250 ° C.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature of the steel slab is more preferably 1060 ° C, even more preferably 1070 ° C, and most preferably 1080 ° C.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature of the steel slab is more preferably 1230 ° C, even more preferably 1200 ° C, and most preferably 1180 ° C.
- the reheated steel slab is rough rolled in a temperature range of 950 to 1050 ° C to obtain a rough rolled bar.
- the temperature is less than 950 ° C. during the rough rolling, there is a fear that the defects such as voids are not removed because deformation is not sufficiently transmitted to the center of the slab thickness direction by increasing the rolling load and being relatively weak.
- the temperature exceeds 1050 ° C., the grains grow after recrystallization occurs simultaneously with rolling, and there is a fear that the initial austenite particles become too coarse. Therefore, in the present invention, the crude rolling temperature is preferably 950 ⁇ 1050 °C.
- the lower limit of the crude rolling temperature is more preferably 960 ° C, even more preferably 970 ° C, and most preferably 980 ° C.
- the upper limit of the crude rolling temperature is more preferably 1040 ° C, even more preferably 1020 ° C, and most preferably 1000 ° C.
- the crude rolled bar is finished hot rolled in a temperature range of 850 to 950 ° C to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the finishing hot rolling temperature is less than 850 ° C, there is a possibility that ferrite may be generated in the microstructure due to two-phase rolling, whereas when the temperature exceeds 950 ° C, the final grain size becomes coarse and low-temperature toughness is inferior. there is a problem. Therefore, in the present invention, the finishing hot rolling temperature is preferably 850 ⁇ 950 °C.
- the lower limit of the finishing hot rolling temperature is more preferably 860 ° C, even more preferably 870 ° C, and most preferably 880 ° C.
- the upper limit of the finishing hot rolling temperature is more preferably 940 ° C, even more preferably 930 ° C, and most preferably 920 ° C.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is air-cooled to room temperature, and then reheated in a temperature range of 860 to 950 ° C for a reheat time of 1.3t + 10 minutes to 1.3t + 60 minutes (t: plate thickness).
- the reheating is for reverse transformation of a hot-rolled steel sheet composed of ferrite and pearlite into an austenite single phase, and if the reheating temperature is less than 860 ° C, austenitization is not sufficiently achieved, and coarse soft ferrite is mixed, thereby deteriorating the hardness of the final product. There is a problem.
- the reheating temperature is 860 to 950 ° C.
- the lower limit of the reheating temperature is more preferably 870 ° C, even more preferably 880 ° C, and most preferably 890 ° C.
- the upper limit of the reheating temperature is more preferably 940 ° C, more preferably 930 ° C, and most preferably 920 ° C.
- the reheating time during the reheating is preferably from 1.3t + 10 minutes to 1.3t + 60 minutes (t: plate thickness).
- the lower limit of the reheating time is more preferably 1.3t + 12 minutes, even more preferably 1.3t + 15 minutes, and most preferably 1.3t + 20 minutes.
- the upper limit of the reheating time during the reheating is more preferably 1.3t + 50 minutes, even more preferably 1.3t + 45 minutes, and most preferably 1.3t + 40 minutes.
- the reheated hot-rolled steel sheet is water-cooled to 150 ° C. or less based on a plate surface layer portion (for example, an area from the surface to 1/8 t (t: plate thickness (mm)).
- a plate surface layer portion for example, an area from the surface to 1/8 t (t: plate thickness (mm)
- the water cooling stop temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or less, and the water cooling stop temperature is more preferably 100 ° C. or less, and more preferably 70 ° C. or less It is more preferable, and most preferably 40 ° C or less.
- the water cooling rate is preferably 10 ° C / s or more.
- the cooling rate is less than 10 ° C / s, a ferrite phase may be formed during cooling or the bainite phase may be excessively formed.
- the cooling rate is more preferably 15 ° C / s or more, and even more preferably 20 ° C / s or more.
- the higher the cooling rate the more advantageous, so the upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can suitably set it in consideration of facility limitations.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention subjected to the above process conditions may be a thick steel sheet having a thickness of 60 mm or less, more preferably 8 to 50 mm, and even more preferably 12 to 40 mm. Meanwhile, in the present invention, it is preferable not to perform a tempering process on the thick steel sheet.
- the steel slab After preparing the steel slab having the alloy composition of Tables 1 and 2, the steel slab was subjected to the steel slab heating-rough rolling-hot rolling-cooling (room temperature) -reheating-water cooling to perform the hot-rolled steel sheet. It was prepared. After measuring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled steel sheet, it is shown in Table 4 below.
- the microstructure was cut to a random size to prepare a mirror surface, and then corroded using a nitrile etching solution, and then the optical center and the electron scanning microscope were used to observe the 1 / 2t position of the center of thickness.
- hardness and toughness were measured using a Brinell hardness tester (load 3000kgf, 10mm tungsten inlet) and Charpy impact tester, respectively.
- surface hardness an average value of those measured three times after 2 mm milling of the plate surface was used.
- Charpy impact test an average value of those measured three times at -40 ° C was used after taking a specimen at a 1 / 4t position.
- the alloy composition proposed by the present invention and the relational expression 1 are satisfactory, but in the case of Comparative Example 13, which does not satisfy the reheating temperature among the manufacturing conditions, the type and fraction of the microstructure proposed by the present invention was not secured, and the surface hardness was also low. Can be seen.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.33~0.42%, 실리콘(Si): 0.1~0.7%, 망간(Mn): 0.6~1.6%, 인(P): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 황(S): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외), 알루미늄(Al): 0.07% 이하(0은 제외), 니켈(Ni): 0.55~5.0%, 구리(Cu): 0.01~1.5%, 크롬(Cr): 0.01~0.8%, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.01~0.8%, 보론(B): 50ppm 이하(0은 제외), 코발트(Co): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외)을 포함하고, 추가적으로, 티타늄(Ti): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외), 니오븀(Nb): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 바나듐(V): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외) 및 칼슘(Ca): 2~100ppm로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 더 포함하며, 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고,상기 C 및 Ni은 하기 관계식 1의 조건을 만족하며,미세조직은 마르텐사이트: 95면적% 이상 및 베이나이트: 5% 이하(0%를 포함)를 포함하는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강.[관계식 1] [C]×[Ni] ≥ 0.231
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 내마모강은 비소(As): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 주석(Sn): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외) 및 텅스텐(W): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외)로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 추가로 포함하는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 내마모강은 경도가 550~650HB로 확보하는 동시에, -40℃의 저온에서 21J 이상인 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강.(단, 상기 HB는 브리넬경도기로 측정된 강의 표면 경도를 나타냄.)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 내마모강은 경도(HB)와 충격흡수에너지(J)는 하기 관계식 2를 만족하는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강.[관계식 2] HB÷J ≤ 31.0 (단, 상기 HB는 브리넬경도기로 측정된 강의 표면 경도, J는 -40℃에서의 충격흡수에너지 값을 나타냄.)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 내마모강은 60mm 이하의 두께를 갖는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강.
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.33~0.42%, 실리콘(Si): 0.1~0.7%, 망간(Mn): 0.6~1.6%, 인(P): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 황(S): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외), 알루미늄(Al): 0.07% 이하(0은 제외), 니켈(Ni): 0.55~5.0%, 구리(Cu): 0.01~1.5%, 크롬(Cr): 0.01~0.8%, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.01~0.8%, 보론(B): 50ppm 이하(0은 제외), 코발트(Co): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외)을 포함하고, 추가적으로, 티타늄(Ti): 0.02% 이하(0은 제외), 니오븀(Nb): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 바나듐(V): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외) 및 칼슘(Ca): 2~100ppm로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 더 포함하며, 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고, 상기 C 및 Ni은 하기 관계식 1의 조건을 만족하는 강 슬라브를 1050~1250℃의 온도범위에서 가열하는 단계;상기 재가열된 강 슬라브를 950~1050℃의 온도범위에서 조압연하여 조압연 바를 얻는 단계;상기 조압연 바를 850~950℃의 온도범위에서 마무리 열간압연하여 열연강판을 얻는 단계;상기 열연강판을 상온까지 공냉한 후, 860~950℃의 온도범위에서 재로시간 1.3t+10분~1.3t+60분(t: 판 두께)간 재가열하는 단계; 및상기 재가열된 열연강판을 150℃ 이하까지 수냉하는 단계를 포함하는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강의 제조방법.[관계식 1] [C]×[Ni] ≥ 0.231
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 강 슬라브는 비소(As): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외), 주석(Sn): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외) 및 텅스텐(W): 0.05% 이하(0은 제외)로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 추가로 포함하는 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강의 제조방법.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 수냉시 냉각속도는 10℃/s 이상인 우수한 경도와 충격인성을 갖는 내마모강의 제조방법.
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JP2021516760A JP7368461B2 (ja) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-23 | 優れた硬度及び衝撃靭性を有する耐摩耗鋼及びその製造方法 |
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WO2023073406A1 (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | Arcelormittal | Hot rolled and steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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