WO2020061742A1 - 保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆 - Google Patents

保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020061742A1
WO2020061742A1 PCT/CN2018/107315 CN2018107315W WO2020061742A1 WO 2020061742 A1 WO2020061742 A1 WO 2020061742A1 CN 2018107315 W CN2018107315 W CN 2018107315W WO 2020061742 A1 WO2020061742 A1 WO 2020061742A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mounting
slider
positioning
bumper
chute
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/107315
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李桐
王永根
王振旭
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201880042739.5A priority Critical patent/CN110831817A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/107315 priority patent/WO2020061742A1/zh
Publication of WO2020061742A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020061742A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/023—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular, to a bumper, a bumper device and a vehicle.
  • Some vehicles' bumpers are equipped with a small bump-out structure for the assembly of headlight modules that require user assembly but risk of accidental collision damage.
  • the existing small collision and release structure does not fix the lamp module reasonably, or it is relatively secure, which makes it difficult to assemble; or it is loosely fixed, although it is easy to assemble, but it is also easy to detach, and it is impossible to distinguish between normal operating conditions and collisions Working conditions.
  • a bumper includes a lever body and a first positioning structure and an anti-detachment structure provided on the lever body; the lever body is provided with a mounting chute, and the mounting chute has a mounting inlet and a mounting outlet;
  • the mounting chute is used to cooperate with a mounting slider, so that the mounting slider can be mounted on the lever body along the mounting inlet, and subject the mounting slider to a preset value on the lever body.
  • the external positioning force can pull out the rod body along the mounting outlet;
  • the first positioning structure is used to cooperate with the second positioning structure on the mounting slider when the mounting slider is in place to limit the
  • the mounting slider slides along the mounting chute, and the anti-dropout structure is used to increase the resistance that the mounting slider receives during the process of pulling out of the lever body.
  • a bumper device includes: a bumper, a mounting slider, and an anti-detachment structure; the bumper includes a lever body and a first positioning structure provided on the lever body, and the mounting slider includes a second positioning structure An anti-dropout structure is provided on the lever body and / or on the mounting slider; the lever body is provided with a mounting chute, the mounting chute has a mounting inlet and a mounting outlet; the mounting chute And used to cooperate with the mounting slider, so that the mounting slider can be assembled on the rod body along the mounting inlet, and the mounting slider is subjected to a preset external force on the rod body.
  • the first positioning structure is adapted to cooperate with the second positioning structure when the mounting slider is assembled in place to limit the mounting slider along the mounting outlet
  • the mounting chute slides; the anti-dropout structure is used to increase the resistance that the mounting slider receives during the process of pulling out of the lever body.
  • a vehicle includes: a vehicle body; and the bumper device according to any one of the technical solutions of the second aspect, the bumper device being mounted on the vehicle body.
  • the present invention achieves the effects of a small pushing force and a large pulling force through the cooperation of the first positioning structure and the detachment prevention structure, which makes the installation slider easy to install.
  • the positioning is firm; and due to the anti-detachment structure, the bumper can be restored to a fixed position when it is hit by a small load, and it comes out when the load is large, so as to protect the installation slider.
  • the installation slider can fall off quickly, and better protect key components from excessive impact damage.
  • the structure can also realize the function of anti-reverse insertion, and users cannot Push in the opposite direction, so there is no need to add an additional installation logo;
  • the bumper can make the mounting slider come out, so that the mounting slider can be reused multiple times, and it can be pushed back into the fixed position on the bumper when it is pulled out. Low cost and good user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is an assembly schematic diagram of a bumper device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged structural diagram of a portion A in FIG. 1; FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic rear structural view of the bumper in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged structural diagram of a portion B in FIG. 3; FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front structural diagram of the bumper in FIG. 1; FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged structural diagram of a portion C in FIG. 5; FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the bumper in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view taken along the D-D direction in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a bumper device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a bumper device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure diagram of a bumper device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure diagram of a bumper device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a bumper, a bumper device, and a vehicle.
  • the bumper and the bumper device may be used for a mobile cart, that is, the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a mobile cart.
  • the mobile cart can be an unmanned vehicle and can be remotely controlled by the user.
  • a pan / tilt can be set on the moving cart, and a shooting device can be set on the pan / tilt.
  • Multiple mobile carts can fight against each other to form a mobile robot game. Because mobile carts can be used to fight against hits, during the game, multiple carts may be subject to many collisions with each other, so the bumpers of mobile carts may often be affected by the impact of the pre-installation on the bumper. Modules, such as damaged pre-installed modules.
  • the anti-fall structure and the first positioning structure in the bumper and the bumper device it is beneficial to the stable installation of the pre-installed module, and the pre-installed module on the bumper can be pulled out when the bumper is hit. It is far away from the source of impact force, which effectively protects the pre-installed module and facilitates the reuse of the pre-installed module.
  • the bumper and the bumper device in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to other vehicles with a bumper, in addition to being applied to a mobile car, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the following describes a bumper, a bumper device, and a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12.
  • a bumper 10 provided by an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes a lever body 11 and a first positioning structure and an anti-dropout structure provided on the lever body 11.
  • the lever body 11 is provided with a mounting chute 111.
  • the mounting chute 111 has a mounting inlet 1111 and a mounting outlet 1112, as shown in FIG. 2; the mounting chute 111 is used to cooperate with the mounting slider 20 to make the mounting slide
  • the block 20 can be assembled on the lever body 11 along the mounting inlet 1111, and the mounting slider 20 can be pulled out of the lever body 11 along the mounting outlet 1112 when the lever body 11 receives a preset external force; the first positioning structure is used for When the block 20 is assembled in place, it cooperates with the second positioning structure on the mounting slider 20 to restrict the mounting slider 20 from sliding along the mounting chute 111.
  • the anti-detachment structure is used to increase the mounting slider 20 in the process of pulling out the lever body 11. Resistance.
  • the external force of the preset value is an external force that is greater than or equal to a certain value, that is, the external force of the preset value is a range of the magnitude of the external force, and the preset value can be obtained by testing statistical data. That is, when the external force received by the lever body 11 is greater than or equal to a certain value, the mounting slider 20 can be released from the lever body 11 through the mounting outlet 1112, otherwise, it can be stably assembled on the lever body 11.
  • the bumper 10 provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention can realize the assembly and fixing of the bumper 10 and the mounting slider 20 and the collision of the mounting slider 20 by providing the mounting chute 111 and the first positioning structure. Prolapse.
  • the resistance to the installation of the slider 20 in the process of pulling out the lever body 11 can be increased, thereby achieving the effect of a small pushing force and a large pulling force, making the installation of the slider 20 easy to install and at the same time firmly positioned. It is not easy to come off when under a small load impact, and can be taken off to protect against unloading when under a large load impact, and it does not need to replace new parts when reinstalling after the slider 20 is removed, which has a good experience and low cost.
  • the bumper 10 includes a lever body 11, a first positioning structure, and a detachment prevention structure.
  • the lever body 11 is provided as a mounting carrier for mounting the slider 20 and is provided with a mounting chute 111.
  • the mounting slider 20 push the mounting slider 20 from the mounting inlet 1111 into the mounting chute 111, so that the mounting slider 20 slides in the direction of the mounting outlet 1112.
  • the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure match, if you continue to push the installation slider 20, you will feel that the resistance increases significantly and you need to increase the thrust, which indicates that the installation slider 20 is in place.
  • the cooperation of the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure can restrict the mounting slider 20 from sliding along the mounting chute 111, and ensure that the mounting slider 20 is relatively stably fixed on the lever body 11;
  • the lever body 11 Under the condition of a small load collision, the lever body 11 is subjected to an external force, so that when the mounting slider 20 has a tendency to pull out of the lever body 11 under the inertia force, the anti-detachment structure can exert a reverse force on the mounting slider 20
  • the effect of a small pushing force and a large pull-out force is achieved, and the slider 20 is effectively pulled out of the lever body under a small load collision condition.
  • the inertia force of the installation slider 20 is sufficient to overcome the resistance exerted by the anti-detachment structure and other structures of the bumper 10 to ensure the installation slide
  • the block 20 can be pulled out of the bar body 11 along the installation outlet 1112, thereby playing a role of unloading and preventing the installation slider 20 from being damaged.
  • the bumper 10 provided in the present application can reasonably distinguish normal operating conditions and collision operating conditions, while taking into account the installation convenience and fixing reliability of the installation slider 20.
  • the mounting slider 20 is reassembled after being pulled out, it is only necessary to push the mounting slider 20 from the mounting inlet 1111 into the mounting chute 111 without replacing the new mounting slider 20.
  • the lever body 11 cooperates with the body of the vehicle to form an escape space, so that the installation slider 20 can be pulled out from the installation outlet 1112.
  • the escape space can be completely disposed on the lever body 11 or completely on the vehicle body. It may also be partially provided on the lever body 11 and partially on the vehicle body. Of course, the lever body 11 and / or the vehicle body may not be provided with an escape space.
  • the installation chute 111 is located at the bottom of the lever body 11 and the lever body 11 is flush with the bottom of the vehicle body. The avoidance space is provided, and the installation slider 20 can also be pulled out from the installation outlet 1112.
  • the slider 20 when the front side of the vehicle is impacted, the slider 20 is easily pulled out of the lever body 11 (denoted as the positive lever), and when the rear side of the vehicle is impacted, the slider 20 is pulled forward.
  • the probability of the lever body 11 (referred to as the lever body being pulled out in the opposite direction) is relatively small, so the anti-dropout structure is mainly used to increase the resistance received during the process of installing the slider 20 to pull out the lever body 11 backward.
  • the first positioning structure is a positioning protrusion 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the positioning structure is used to fit a second positioning structure configured as a positioning groove.
  • the lever body 11 can be elastically deformed under the pressure of the installation of the slider 20.
  • the positioning protrusion 12 can be snapped into or out of the positioning groove.
  • the first positioning structure is a positioning protrusion 12 and the second positioning structure is a positioning groove. Then, the positioning protrusion 12 is clicked into the positioning groove to position the assembly process between the lever body 11 and the mounting slider 20.
  • Role at the same time play a certain role in limiting the relative sliding between the two, to limit the installation slider 20 is installed in place to slide along the installation chute 111; and when the positioning protrusion 12 comes out of the positioning groove, the bumper
  • the lifting of the limit effect of 10 on the installation slider 20 allows the installation slider 20 to continue to slide along the installation chute 111, and then the lever 11 is released through the installation outlet 1112 to ensure that the installation slider 20 is under a large load impact condition
  • the lever body 11 can be pulled out to achieve unloading protection; at the same time, the lever body 11 can be elastically deformed under the pressure of the mounting slider 20, so that a relatively large relative movement can occur between the positioning protrusion 12 and the positioning groove.
  • the groove can significantly reduce the elasticity requirements of the positioning protrusions 12, so the positioning protrusions 12 can adopt a rigid structure, which can improve the reliability of the limit when the positioning protrusions 12 cooperate with the positioning grooves, and reduce the The probability that the positioning protrusion 12 comes out of the positioning groove under a small load impact, thereby improving the assembly stability of the mounting slider 20.
  • the lever body 11 is provided with a through groove 112, and a positioning protrusion 12 is provided on an outer side of the through groove 112, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4, and FIG. 6; Under compression, elastic deformation occurs to move the positioning protrusion 12 in a direction close to the through groove 112.
  • a through groove 112 is provided on the lever body 11, and the elastic deformation of the through groove 112 under the pressure of the installation of the slider 20 can further reduce the positioning protrusion.
  • the difficulty of snapping into or out of the positioning groove 12 further improves the convenience of assembly; and the positioning protrusion 12 is provided on the outer side of the through groove 112, that is, the positioning protrusion 12 is provided on the side provided with the through groove 112.
  • the positioning protrusion 12 On the side of the rod body 11, it is ensured that when the through groove 112 is squeezed and contracted, the positioning protrusion 12 can move toward the direction of the through groove 112, thereby quickly avoiding the positioning groove, so that the positioning protrusion 12 can quickly move. Click in or out of the positioning groove.
  • the through groove 112 is elongated and extends along the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the through groove 112 is elongated and extends along the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, which significantly increases the range of locations where the rod body 11 can be elastically deformed, so that when the rod body 11 is squeezed by the mounting slider 20, The applied force is dispersed, so that a relatively large range of the rod body 11 can be elastically deformed to varying degrees, so as to prevent the rod body 11 from being broken due to excessive local force or excessive local deformation and difficult to reset. Furthermore, the use reliability of the lever body 11 is further improved; in addition, in other processes than the positioning protrusions 12 being snapped into and out of the positioning grooves, if the installation slider 20 interferes with the lever body 11, the through groove 112 can also be performed.
  • the end edge of the positioning protrusion 12 is arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • An end edge of the positioning protrusion 12 is arc-shaped, and the positioning protrusion 12 preferably has a uniform columnar structure.
  • the surface of the positioning protrusion 12 has no structures such as convex edges, sharp corners, and the like, which facilitates the smooth transition of the positioning protrusion 12 in the process of entering or leaving the positioning groove, thereby reducing the occurrence of the jam of the installation slider 20 at the positioning protrusion 12
  • the probability of stagnation or seizure further improves the assembly convenience of installing the slider 20 and the smoothness of the lever body 11 coming out under a large load impact.
  • the height direction of the positioning protrusion 12 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • making the height direction of the positioning protrusion 12 perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 can make the mounting slider 20 and the positioning
  • the interaction force between the protrusions 12 is parallel to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 as much as possible, so as to prevent as much as possible the component force perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, so as to prevent the mounting slider 20 from moving along the vertical as much as possible.
  • a sub-movement is generated in the direction of the sliding direction, thereby improving the accuracy of the sliding track of the mounting slider 20; at the same time, the structure of the bumper 10 is more regular, which is not only convenient for processing and molding but also improves the aesthetics of the product.
  • the positioning protrusion 12 has a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-ellipsoidal shape as a whole.
  • At least one of two opposite sides of the mounting chute 111 is provided with a first positioning structure, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6.
  • setting the first positioning structure on the side opposite to the mounting chute 111 can prevent the mounting slider 20 from being perpendicular to the mounting slider 20 during sliding.
  • the direction of the sliding direction floats, which is helpful to improve the assembly convenience of the mounting slider 20 and thus improve the user comfort.
  • a first positioning structure is provided on two opposite sides of the mounting chute 111, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6.
  • the number of the second positioning structures on the mounting slider 20 and the number of the first positioning structures are equal and one-to-one, which is beneficial to the balance of the forces between the lever body 11 and the mounting slider 20, thereby further improving the mounting slider 20
  • the assembly stability also makes the structure of the lever body 11 more regular, which is not only convenient for processing and forming, but also improves the aesthetics.
  • a sliding fitting portion is provided on the top of the side, and the sliding fitting portion cooperates with the mounting chute 111 to form a clamping space for clamping the sliding portion of the mounting slider 20;
  • the first positioning structure is provided at the sliding fitting portion and is used for Cooperate with the second positioning structure provided on the sliding portion.
  • a sliding fitting portion is provided on the top of the side of the mounting chute 111.
  • the sliding fitting portion cooperates with the mounting chute 111 to form a clamping space for clamping the sliding portion of the mounting slider 20. After the assembly is completed, the sliding of the mounting slider 20 is completed.
  • the parts are clamped in the clamping space, which can limit the freedom of mounting the slider 20 in multiple directions, thereby further improving the assembly stability of the mounting slider 20;
  • the first positioning structure is arranged on the sliding fitting portion to ensure It can cooperate with the second positioning structure provided on the sliding part, thereby ensuring a good cooperation between the mounting slider 20 and the lever body 11; meanwhile, the first positioning structure is only located on the top of the side of the mounting chute 111, which is beneficial The size of the first positioning structure is reduced, thereby further improving the assembling convenience of the mounting slider 20.
  • the sliding engagement portion is a baffle 113.
  • the baffle 113 is used to cooperate with a sliding portion configured as a chute 21; the baffle 113 extends toward the inside of the mounting chute 111, and the first positioning
  • the structure is provided on the free side of the baffle 113, as shown in FIG. 2, for matching with the second positioning structure provided on the inner side wall of the chute 21.
  • the sliding engagement portion is a baffle 113
  • the sliding portion is a chute 21, and the baffle 113 extends to the inside of the mounting chute 111.
  • the baffle 113 on the lever body 11 is also inserted into the chute 21 on the mounting slider 20, so that the mounting slider 20 and the lever body 11 form a mutually embedded structure, achieving a double sliding guide, thereby further improving the mounting slider 20
  • the accuracy of the sliding trajectory improves the assembly stability of the mounting slider 20;
  • the first positioning structure is arranged on the free side of the baffle 113 (that is, the surface facing the opposite side of the mounting chute 111) to ensure It can cooperate with the second positioning structure provided on the inner side wall of the chute 21, thereby ensuring the good cooperation between the mounting slider 20 and the lever body 11.
  • the through groove 112 is provided on the lever body 11
  • the through groove 112 is provided on the baffle 113 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the anti-detachment structure includes an elastic arm 13 provided on the bottom surface 1113 of the installation chute and extending from the installation inlet 1111 to the installation outlet 1112, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; the elastic arm 13 is close to the installation outlet A step portion 131 is formed at one end of the 1112, and the step portion 131 is used to abut the mounting slider 20 to increase the resistance received by the mounting slider 20 in the process of pulling out the lever body 11; the elastic arm 13 is used to install the slider 20 Under compression, elastic deformation occurs, so that the mounting slider 20 can pass over the step portion 131 and come out of the mounting outlet 1112, or the mounting slider 20 can be reset to the position when the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure cooperate.
  • the anti-detachment structure includes an elastic arm 13 provided on the bottom surface 1113 of the installation chute and extending from the installation inlet 1111 to the installation outlet 1112.
  • a step portion 131 is formed on an end of the elastic arm 13 near the installation outlet 1112.
  • the pressing force of the mounting slider 20 on the elastic arm 13 is not enough to cause it to pass over the step portion 131.
  • the reset elastic force of the elastic arm 13 will drive the mounting slider 20 to return to the first positioning structure and The position of the second positioning structure when matched, thereby ensuring that the mounting slider 20 is not easy to come off and can be automatically reset under a small load impact.
  • a step of the stepped portion 131 away from the mounting outlet 1112 is provided with a first guide inclined surface 1311.
  • the first guide inclined surface 1311 is used to guide the installation slider 20 over the step portion 131 to escape the installation chute 111, or It is used to guide the installation slider 20 to return to the position when the first positioning structure cooperates with the second positioning structure.
  • the stepped portion 131 is provided with a first guide inclined surface 1311 at an end remote from the installation outlet 1112.
  • the first guide inclined surface 1311 can apply a component force and a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the installation slider 20 to the top of the installation chute 111 to the installation slider 20.
  • the component force opposite to the sliding-in direction of the mounting slider 20 can guide the mounting slider 20 over the step 131 under the impact of a large load, thereby ensuring that the mounting slider 20 can come out of the mounting chute 111;
  • the mounting slider 20 is guided to move in reverse under the load, so that the mounting slider 20 is reset to the position where the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure cooperate, thereby ensuring that the mounting slider 20 can be automatically reset.
  • an end surface of the end of the stepped portion 131 near the mounting outlet 1112 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, as shown in FIG. 2; or, an end of the stepped portion 131 near the mounting outlet 1112 is provided with a stop slope, and the stop The inclination direction of the inclined surface is at an acute angle with the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled.
  • the end surface of the stepped portion 131 near the mounting outlet 1112 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, when the mounting slider 20 slides from the mounting outlet 1112 into the mounting chute 111, it cannot generate The component force can effectively prevent the installation slider 20 from entering the installation chute 111 from the installation outlet 1112, and play a fool-proof role. It can effectively prevent the reverse installation of the installation slider 20 and cancel the anti-reverse installation logo.
  • a stop slope is provided on the end of the stepped portion 131 near the installation outlet 1112, and the inclination direction of the stop slope is at an acute angle with the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, the mounting slider 20 faces the mounting chute at the mounting outlet 1112.
  • the component force that is perpendicular to the sliding direction cannot cause it to pass over the step portion 131, so it can also effectively prevent the installation slider 20 from entering the installation chute 111 from the installation outlet 1112, and also plays a fool-proof role. It can effectively prevent the reverse installation of the installation slider 20 and cancel the anti-reverse installation mark.
  • a second guide inclined surface 132 is provided at an end of the elastic arm 13 near the installation inlet 1111, as shown in FIG. 2, and the inclination direction of the second guide inclined surface 132 and the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 are at an acute angle.
  • the elastic arm 13 is provided with a second guiding inclined surface 132 at an end near the mounting inlet 1111.
  • the inclined direction of the second guiding inclined surface 132 is at an acute angle with the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 during assembly, so that the mounting slider 20 can be guided to enter the mounting chute.
  • the movement in the direction of 111 makes it easy for the installation slider 20 to quickly enter the installation chute 111, thereby further improving the assembly convenience of the installation slider 20.
  • the two side walls 1115 of the mounting inlet 1111 are inclined, and the inclination direction of the two side walls 1115 of the mounting inlet 1111 is at an acute angle with the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the two side walls 1115 of the mounting inlet 1111 (that is, the surfaces of the parts of the rod body 11 located on both sides of the mounting inlet 1111) are inclined, and the inclination direction is at an acute angle with the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled, so it can also guide the installation
  • the movement of the slider 20 in the direction of entering the installation chute 111 also facilitates the installation of the slider 20 into the installation chute 111 quickly, thereby further improving the assembly convenience of the installation slider 20.
  • the side of the mounting chute 111 from the first positioning structure to the mounting inlet 1111 is a smooth surface
  • the side of the mounting chute 111 from the first positioning structure to the mounting outlet 1112 is a rough surface
  • the side of the mounting chute 111 from the first positioning structure to the mounting inlet 1111 is a smooth surface
  • the side from the first positioning structure to the mounting outlet 1112 is a rough surface. Because the mounting slider 20 passes through relatively smooth parts during the assembly process, and there are many parts passing through the rough surface during the process of pulling out along the mounting outlet 1112 after the assembly is completed, the mounting slider 20 is subject to damage during the assembly process.
  • the resistance is smaller than the resistance received during the withdrawal along the installation outlet 1112, so it also has the effect of small pushing force and large withdrawal force, taking into account the ease of assembly and the stability of the installation of the slider 20.
  • a strip rib 114 is provided on the groove wall of the mounting slide 111. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the strip rib 114 extends along the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20.
  • a bar rib 114 is provided on the groove wall of the installation chute 111, and the bar rib 114 extends along the sliding direction of the installation slider 20. After the installation slider 20 enters the installation chute 111, it contacts the bar rib 114. And slide along the ribs 114, so that the contact area between the mounting slider 20 and the mounting groove 111 can be reduced, thereby reducing the frictional resistance and further improving the assembly convenience of the mounting slider 20.
  • the bar-shaped rib 114 is provided on the side surface 1114 of the mounting chute, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, for abutting the bottom side surface of the mounting slider 20.
  • the ribs 114 are provided on the side 1114 of the mounting chute for abutting the bottom side of the mounting slider 20, so that a relatively large gap between the bottom surface of the mounting slider 20 and the bottom surface 1113 of the mounting chute is ensured.
  • the contact area is beneficial to improve the assembly stability of the mounting slider 20.
  • strip ribs 114 are provided on opposite sides of the mounting chute 111, and the strip ribs 114 are arranged symmetrically on both sides, which is not only beneficial to the installation of the slider 20 and the lever body 11 in a balanced manner, but also Improve the aesthetics of the product.
  • the bottom side of the mounting slider 20 is located between the baffle 113 and the bottom surface 1113 of the mounting chute in the foregoing embodiment.
  • a third guide inclined surface 1141 is provided at an end of the bar 114 facing the installation inlet 1111, and the third guide inclined surface 1141 extends obliquely toward the inside of the installation slider 20 along the sliding direction of the installation slider 20, as shown in FIG. 4. As shown.
  • a third guide inclined surface 1141 is provided at one end of the bar 114 toward the installation inlet 1111, and the third guide inclined surface 1141 extends obliquely to the inner direction of the installation slider 20 along the sliding direction of the installation slider 20, so that it can also guide the installation.
  • the slider 20 moves in the direction of entering the installation chute 111, which facilitates the installation of the slider 20 to quickly enter the installation chute 111, thereby further improving the assembly convenience of the installation slider 20.
  • the mounting chute 111 is provided on the top of the lever body 11, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5.
  • the installation of the mounting chute 111 on the top of the lever body 11 can reduce the size requirements for the mounting slider 20, which is convenient for using the space above the lever body 11
  • the larger installation slider 20 also facilitates the installation of the slider 20 to connect to other pre-installed modules (such as the lamp module 30).
  • the mounting chute 111 may also be provided at the bottom, side or other parts of the lever body 11.
  • an escape structure is provided in a portion of the lever body 11 located below the mounting outlet 1112.
  • An avoidance structure is provided in a portion of the lever body 11 below the installation outlet 1112 to facilitate the elastic deformation of the elastic arm 13, thereby improving the use reliability of the anti-detachment structure.
  • lever body 11 is provided with an elastic filling material.
  • An elastic filling material (such as a sponge) is provided at a portion of the lever body 11 below the mounting outlet 1112, which is also beneficial to the elastic deformation of the elastic arm 13, thereby improving the reliability of the anti-detachment structure.
  • the mounting chute 111 is mirror-symmetrical along a plane parallel to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, and the first positioning structure and / or the anti-detachment structure are symmetrically arranged with respect to the symmetry plane of the mounting chute 111, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 combination shown.
  • the mounting chute 111 is mirror-symmetrical along a plane parallel to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, and the first positioning structure and / or anti-detachment structure is also symmetrically arranged about the plane of symmetry, so that the structure of the bumper 10 is more regular and convenient. It is processed and formed, and it is easy to balance the force, and the appearance of the bumper 10 is improved.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that based on Embodiment 1, further, as shown in FIG. 9, the tangential direction of the first point on the edge of the end face of the positioning protrusion 12 is formed with the sliding direction when the slider 20 is assembled. There is a first included angle ⁇ , and a second included angle ⁇ is formed between the tangent direction of the second point on the edge of the end surface of the positioning protrusion 12 and the sliding direction when the slider 20 is assembled. The distances between the tangents of the vertices of the end edges of the positioning protrusions 12 are equal; the first included angle ⁇ is smaller than the second included angle ⁇ .
  • the positioning protrusion 12 snaps into the positioning groove.
  • the two sides of the open end of the positioning groove (the first side near the installation inlet 1111 and the near the installation outlet 1112) (The second side) is in contact with the positioning protrusion 12. If the installation slider 20 slides in the direction of the installation outlet 1112, the first side must slide along the positioning protrusion 12 until it passes over the positioning protrusion 12; if the installation slider 20 slides in the direction of the installation entrance 1111, the second side needs to slide Slide along the positioning protrusion 12 until it passes over the positioning protrusion 12. Therefore, the ease with which the first side edge passes over the positioning protrusion 12 and the degree with which the second side edge passes over the positioning protrusion 12 determine the mounting slider 20 along the mounting outlet 1112 and the mounting inlet 1111. Degree of difficulty.
  • the contact point between the end point of the first side edge and the positioning protrusion 12 is the first point
  • the contact point between the end point of the second side edge and the positioning protrusion 12 is the second point
  • the first point and the second point are related to the positioning
  • the distances between the tangents of the vertices of the edge of the end face of the protrusion 12 are equal. Therefore, during the installation of the slider 20 from the rod body 11 in two directions, the movement amplitude of the positioning protrusion 12 out of the positioning groove is equal.
  • the thrust force of the mounting slider 20 out of the rod body 11 along the mounting outlet 1112 will be smaller than that of the mounting slider 20 out of the rod body along the mounting inlet 1111.
  • the thrust of the mounting slider 20 along the mounting outlet 1112 is the same as the mounting direction of the mounting slider 20, so when the role of the anti-dropout structure is ignored, the mounting slider 20 is pulled out of the rod along the mounting outlet 1112.
  • the thrust force of 11 is substantially equal to the pushing force of the mounting slider 20.
  • the pushing-in force of the mounting slider 20 is less than its reverse pulling-out force (that is, the force of pulling out the bar body 11 along the mounting inlet 1111), thereby achieving the effect of a small pushing-in force and a large reverse pulling-out force.
  • its reverse pulling-out force that is, the force of pulling out the bar body 11 along the mounting inlet 1111
  • the first positioning structure is a retractable protrusion adapted to fit a second positioning structure configured as a positioning groove.
  • the retractable protrusion can be extended to snap into the positioning groove or retracted to release the positioning groove.
  • the first positioning structure is a retractable protrusion
  • the second positioning structure is a positioning groove.
  • the retractable protrusion can expand and contract relative to the installation slider 20, and then snaps into the positioning groove when it is extended, and comes out of the positioning groove when it is retracted. The grooves thus enable assembly and disengagement of the mounting slider 20.
  • the retractable protrusion can adopt an elastic structure to use the elastic deformation of the retractable protrusion itself to perform the telescopic movement; the retractable protrusion can also use a rigid structure and use the elastic deformation of other structures (such as the lever body 11) to achieve The telescopic movement of the telescopic protrusion; or, the telescopic movement of the telescopic protrusion can also be realized by the elastic deformation of the telescopic protrusion and other structures together.
  • the telescopic direction of the telescopic protrusion is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20.
  • Making the telescopic direction of the telescopic protrusion perpendicular to the sliding direction of the installation slider 20 is not only helpful to reduce the amplitude of the telescopic movement of the telescopic protrusion, thereby simplifying the product structure and improving the reliability of the use of the telescopic protrusion; It is beneficial to improve the stability of the coordination between the positioning protrusion 12 and the positioning groove, thereby improving the assembly stability of the mounting slider 20.
  • a bumper device provided by an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes a bumper 10, a mounting slider 20, and a detachment prevention structure.
  • the bumper 10 includes a lever body 11 and a first positioning structure provided on the lever body 11, the mounting slider 20 includes a second positioning structure, and an anti-detachment structure is provided on the lever body 11 and / or on the mounting slider. 20; the lever body 11 is provided with a mounting chute 111, which has a mounting inlet 1111 and a mounting outlet 1112, as shown in FIG.
  • the mounting chute 111 is used to cooperate with the mounting slider 20 to make the mounting slide
  • the block 20 can be assembled on the lever body 11 along the mounting inlet 1111, and the mounting slider 20 can be pulled out of the lever body 11 along the mounting outlet 1112 when the lever body 11 receives a preset external force;
  • the first positioning structure is used for When the block 20 is assembled in place, it cooperates with the second positioning structure to restrict the mounting slider 20 from sliding along the mounting chute 111;
  • the anti-detachment structure is used to increase the resistance that the mounting slider 20 receives during the process of pulling out of the lever body 11.
  • the bumper device provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, by providing a mounting chute 111 and a first positioning structure on the bumper 10, not only can the bumper 10 and the mounting slider 20 be assembled and fixed, but also can be installed. The collision of the slider 20 comes out.
  • the anti-detachment structure By providing the anti-detachment structure, the resistance to the installation of the slider 20 in the process of pulling out the lever body 11 can be increased, thereby achieving the effect of a small pushing force and a large pulling force, making the installation of the slider 20 easy to install and at the same time firmly positioned.
  • the bumper 10 includes a lever body 11 and a first positioning structure.
  • the mounting slider 20 is provided with a second positioning structure, and an anti-detachment structure is provided between the mounting slider 20 and the lever body 11.
  • the lever body 11 serves as a mounting carrier for mounting the slider 20 and is provided with a mounting chute 111.
  • the cooperation of the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure can restrict the mounting slider 20 from sliding along the mounting chute 111, and ensure that the mounting slider 20 is relatively stably fixed on the lever body 11;
  • the lever body 11 Under the condition of a small load collision, the lever body 11 is subjected to an external force, so that when the mounting slider 20 has a tendency to pull out of the lever body 11 under the inertia force, the anti-detachment structure can exert a reverse force on the mounting slider 20
  • the effect of a small pushing force and a large pulling force is achieved, and the mounting slider 20 is released from the lever body 11 under a small load collision condition.
  • the inertia force of the installation slider 20 is sufficient to overcome the resistance exerted by the anti-detachment structure and other structures of the bumper 10 to ensure the installation of the slider 20 can pull out the bar body 11 along the installation outlet 1112, thereby playing a role of unloading and preventing the installation slider 20 from being damaged.
  • the bumper device provided in the present application can reasonably distinguish normal operating conditions and collision operating conditions, while taking into account the installation convenience and fixing reliability of the installation slider 20.
  • the mounting slider 20 is reassembled after being pulled out, it is only necessary to push the mounting slider 20 from the mounting inlet 1111 into the mounting chute 111 without replacing the new mounting slider 20.
  • the difference from the third embodiment is that the first positioning structure is a positioning groove, and the second positioning structure is a retractable protrusion.
  • the retractable protrusion can be extended to snap into the positioning groove or retracted to release the positioning groove.
  • the fourth embodiment changes the positions of the retractable protrusion and the positioning groove.
  • the first positioning structure is designed as a positioning groove
  • the second positioning structure is designed as a retractable protrusion.
  • the assembly and disengagement of the slider 20 is basically the same as the above solution, and will not be repeated here.
  • the anti-dropout structure includes a first block 22 and a second block 23.
  • the first block 22 and the second block 23 are provided on the main body of the slider 20.
  • a second positioning structure is formed between the first block 22 and the second block 23 at the bottom.
  • the extending direction of the second block 23 to the first block 22 is consistent with the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled, and the width W1 of the first block 22 along the sliding direction perpendicular to the mounting slider 20 is smaller than the second
  • the width W2 of the block 23 along the sliding direction perpendicular to the mounting slider 20 is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the extending direction of the second block 23 to the first block 22 is the same as the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled.
  • only the first block 22 passes the positioning protrusion 12 and is assembled.
  • only the second block 23 passes through the positioning protrusion 12. Therefore, when the width W1 of the first block 22 in the sliding direction perpendicular to the mounting slider 20 is smaller than the width W2 of the second block 23 in the sliding direction perpendicular to the mounting slider 20, the positioning protrusion 12 is mounted on the slider.
  • the movement amplitude during the assembly process is smaller than the movement amplitude during the installation of the slider 20 along the installation outlet 1112, and thus the technical effect of a small pushing force and a large pulling force is also achieved, and the installation of the slider 20 is also considered. Assembly convenience and assembly stability.
  • the first block 22 and the second block 23 are both of the same width structure, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, so that the structure for installing the slider 20 is more regular, which facilitates processing and molding, and improves the aesthetics of the product. degree.
  • the first positioning structure is symmetrical along a plane mirror plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the first positioning structure is semi-cylindrical, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the difference from the fifth embodiment lies in that the first positioning structure is a triangular prism shape, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the first positioning structure (such as the positioning protrusion 12 and the retractable protrusion in the foregoing embodiment) is symmetrical along a plane mirror plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20, such as Semi-cylindrical (as shown in FIG. 10), triangular prism (as shown in FIG. 11), isosceles trapezoids, semi-ellipsoidal cylinders, etc. are all possible, which facilitates the rational design of the shape of the first positioning structure according to the specific structure of the product.
  • the extending direction of the second block 23 to the first block 22 is the same as the sliding direction when the slider 20 is assembled, and the rear end of the first block 22 to the first block 22
  • the extending direction of the front end of the block 22 is consistent with the sliding direction when the slider 20 is assembled.
  • the width W0 of the front end of the first block 22 along the sliding direction perpendicular to the mounting slider 20 is smaller than that of the first block.
  • a rear end width W1 of the body 22 in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20; a width W2 of the second block 23 in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the mounting slider 20 is equal to or greater than a rear end width W1 of the first block 22.
  • the extending direction of the second block 23 to the first block 22 is the same as the sliding direction when the mounting slider 20 is assembled.
  • only the first block 22 passes the positioning protrusion 12 and is assembled.
  • only the second block 23 passes through the positioning protrusion 12.
  • the extending direction of the rear end of the first block 22 to the front end of the first block 22 is the same as the sliding direction when the slider 20 is assembled (here, the front-back direction of the first block is the sliding direction when the slider is assembled
  • the front-back direction of the first block is the sliding direction when the slider is assembled
  • it is not necessarily related to the front and back of the vehicle, and may be the same or the opposite.
  • the sliding direction during the installation of the slider is parallel to the front-to-back direction of the vehicle), then the first The front end of the block 22 interferes with the positioning protrusion 12 first, and the interference here largely determines the magnitude of the pushing force.
  • the mounting slider 20 is pulled out from the mounting outlet 1112.
  • the front end of the two blocks 23 interferes with the positioning protrusion 12 first, and the interference here largely determines the strength of the pull-out force of the lever body 11 forward; after the assembly is completed, the installation slider 20 is reversed by the installation.
  • the rear end of the first block 22 first interferes with the positioning protrusion 12, and the interference here largely determines the strength of the reverse withdrawal of the lever body 11.
  • the interference amount between the front end of the first block 22 and the positioning protrusion 12 is smaller than the first block 22
  • the amount of interference between the rear end of the second block and the positioning projection 12, and the amount of interference between the rear end of the first block 22 and the positioning projection 12 is less than or equal to The amount of interference is such that the pushing-in force of the mounting slider 20 is less than the reverse-moving force and less than the forward-moving force.
  • the technical effect of small push-in force and large pull-out force is also achieved, taking into account the assembly convenience and assembly reliability of installing the slider 20, and making the slider 20 suffer from the process of removing the lever body 11 from two directions.
  • the resistance is increased to ensure that the vehicle will not easily fall off the mounting slider 20 regardless of whether it is subjected to a small forward load impact or a backward small load impact.
  • the rotation angle of the front end of the first block 22 is an arc-shaped angle. As shown in FIG. 12, the rotation angle of the rear end of the first block 22 is a square angle.
  • the turning angle of the front end of the first block 22 is an arc angle (that is, the front end surface and the side of the first block 22 transition through an arc surface).
  • the arc angle can further reduce the front end of the first block 22 and the positioning protrusion 12.
  • the degree of interference between the rear end of the block 22 and the positioning protrusion 12 further increases the reverse pull-out force of the mounting slider 20;
  • the corner of the front end of the first block 22 is an arc, and the corner of the rear end is a square
  • the first block 22 can be set to a uniform width structure as a whole, so that the width of the front end of the first block 22 is smaller than the width of the back end, and the structure of the first block 22 is more regular, which is convenient for processing and molding. Beautiful.
  • the second block 23 is also preferably of a constant width structure.
  • first block 22 and the second block 23 are an integrated structure, and a second positioning structure is formed at a connection point between the integrated structure and the main body where the slider 20 is installed.
  • the first block 22 and the second block 23 are an integrated structure, which improves the strength and reliability of the installation of the slider 20 and is beneficial to improve the molding efficiency of the installation of the slider 20.
  • the fifth embodiment, the sixth embodiment, and the seventh embodiment can also be further improved based on the first embodiment, that is, the anti-off structure of the fifth embodiment and the anti-off structure of the first embodiment can be used in combination.
  • the anti-off structure of the sixth embodiment and the anti-off structure of the first embodiment can be used in combination, and the anti-off structure of the seventh embodiment can be used in combination with the anti-off structure of the first embodiment.
  • the installation slider 20 is used to connect to a pre-installed module; or, the installation slider 20 is a pre-installed module.
  • the installation slider 20 is used to connect with the pre-installed module, that is, the installation slider 20 and the pre-installed module are separated structures, and only the pre-installed module is connected to the installation slider 20, and the bumper 10 is connected to the bumper 10 The cooperation between them can realize the functions of assembly and fixing of the pre-installed module and collision release.
  • the mounting slider 20 can also be directly used as a pre-installed module, which is equivalent to designing a part of the pre-installed module as the mounting slider 20 and can be matched with the bumper 10.
  • the pre-installed module is a vehicle light module 30, as shown in FIG.
  • vehicle light module 30 it is not limited to the vehicle light module 30, and may be other modules, such as an audio module, a detection module, and a monitoring module.
  • a vehicle (not shown) provided by an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention includes a vehicle body and a bumper device as in any one of the embodiments of the second aspect, and the bumper device is mounted on the vehicle body.
  • the bumper provided by the present invention can realize the assembly and fixing of the bumper and the mounting slider, and also can achieve the collision-out of the mounting slider by providing the mounting chute and the first positioning structure.
  • the resistance of the mounting slider in the process of pulling out the bar body can be increased, thereby achieving the effect of small pushing force and large pulling force, making the mounting slider easy to install, while positioning firmly, and It is not easy to come off under load impact and can be taken off to protect against unloading under a large load impact, and it does not need to replace new parts when reinstalling the slider after installation.
  • the state of the installation slider can be matched with the current operating conditions. Therefore, you only need to connect the pre-installed modules such as key components to the installation slider, or directly design the pre-installed module as an installation slider to ensure that the pre-installed module is synchronized with the installation slider to achieve accurate positioning of the pre-installed module. It is stable and fixed, and ensures that the pre-installed module can fall off quickly in the event of a collision, and better protect key components from excessive impact damage.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term “plurality” means two or two Above, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense.
  • “connected” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; “connected” can It is directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

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  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

一种保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆，其中，保险杠(10)包括：杠体(11)和设于杠体(11)上的第一定位结构、防脱结构；杠体(11)设有安装滑槽(111)，安装滑槽具有安装入口(1111)和安装出口(1112)；安装滑槽(111)用于与安装滑块(20)相配合，以使安装滑块能够沿安装入口(1111)装配在杠体上，并使安装滑块在杠体(11)受到预设值的外力时能够沿安装出口(1112)脱出杠体；第一定位结构用于在安装滑块(20)装配到位时与安装滑块上的第二定位结构相配合以限制安装滑块(20)沿着安装滑槽(111)滑动，防脱结构用于增加安装滑块在脱出杠体(11)的过程中受到的阻力。

Description

保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆。
背景技术
有些车辆的保险杠设有小型碰撞脱出结构，用于需要用户装配但有意外碰撞损坏风险的车灯模块的装配。目前，现有的小型碰撞脱出结构对车灯模块的固定方式不够合理，要么固定较为牢靠，导致不易装配；要么固定较松，虽然容易装配，但也容易脱出，无法区分正常使用工况与碰撞工况。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种能解决上述技术问题至少之一的保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆。
一种保险杠，包括：杠体和设于所述杠体上的第一定位结构、防脱结构；所述杠体设有安装滑槽，所述安装滑槽具有安装入口和安装出口；所述安装滑槽用于与安装滑块相配合，以使所述安装滑块能够沿所述安装入口装配在所述杠体上，并使所述安装滑块在所述杠体受到预设值的外力时能够沿所述安装出口脱出所述杠体；所述第一定位结构用于在所述安装滑块装配到位时与所述安装滑块上的第二定位结构相配合以限制所述安装滑块沿着所述安装滑槽滑动，所述防脱结构用于增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力。
一种保险杠装置，包括：保险杠、安装滑块和防脱结构；所述保险杠包括杠体和设于所述杠体上的第一定位结构，所述安装滑块包括第二定位结构，防脱结构设于所述杠体上和/或设于所述安装滑块上；所述杠体设有安装滑槽，所述安装滑槽具有安装入口和安装出口；所述安装滑槽用于与所述安装滑块相 配合，以使所述安装滑块能够沿所述安装入口装配在所述杠体上，并使所述安装滑块在所述杠体受到预设值的外力时能够沿所述安装出口脱出所述杠体；所述第一定位结构用于在所述安装滑块装配到位时与所述第二定位结构相配合以限制所述安装滑块沿着所述安装滑槽滑动；所述防脱结构用于增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力。
一种车辆，包括：车体；和如第二方面技术方案中任一项所述的保险杠装置，所述保险杠装置安装在所述车体上。
与现有技术相比，本申请具有以下有益的技术效果：本发明通过第一定位结构与防脱结构的配合作用，实现了推入力小、脱出力大的效果，使得安装滑块便于安装，同时定位牢固；且由于防脱结构的作用，使得保险杠在受小载荷撞击时能够恢复到固定位置，当载荷较大时则脱出，实现对安装滑块的保护，如此，在实现准确定位及稳固固定的前提下，保证了安装滑块可以迅速脱落，更好地保护关键部件不受过大冲击损坏；同时，由于防脱结构的作用，该结构还可以实现防反插的功能，用户无法从反方向推入，因而无需增加额外的安装标识；此外，该保险杠能够使得安装滑块脱出，从而安装滑块可多次重复使用，脱出时重新推入至保险杠上的固定位置即可，成本低廉且用户体验好。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明第一个实施例所述的保险杠装置的装配示意图；
图2是图1中A部的放大结构示意图；
图3是图1中保险杠的后视结构示意图；
图4是图3中B部的放大结构示意图；
图5是图1中保险杠的主视结构示意图；
图6是图5中C部的放大结构示意图；
图7是图1中保险杠的仰视结构示意图；
图8是图7中D-D向的剖视结构示意图；
图9是本发明第二个实施例所述的保险杠装置的局部剖视结构示意图；
图10是本发明第五个实施例所述的保险杠装置的局部剖视结构示意图；
图11是本发明第六个实施例所述的保险杠装置的局部剖视结构示意图；
图12是本发明第七个实施例所述的保险杠装置的局部剖视结构示意图。
其中，图1至图12中的附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
10保险杠，11杠体，111安装滑槽，1111安装入口，1112安装出口，1113安装滑槽的底面，1114安装滑槽的侧面，1115侧壁，112通槽，113挡板，114条形筋，1141第三导向斜面，12定位凸起，13弹性臂，131台阶部，1311第一导向斜面，132第二导向斜面，20安装滑块，21滑槽，22第一块体，23第二块体，30车灯模块。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
本发明实施例，提供有一种保险杠、保险杠装置以及车辆。其中，保险杠、保险杠装置可以用于移动小车，即本发明实施例提供的车辆可以为移动小车。该移动小车可以为无人车，可以由用户进行遥控。移动小车上可以设有云台，云台上可以设有诸如射击装置。多个移动小车可以组队进行对抗击打，以形成移动机器人比赛。由于移动小车可以用于对抗击打，则在比赛过程中，多个小车之间可能会受到诸多的相互碰撞，因而移动小车的保险杠通常可能由于受到撞击而影响到保险杠上安装的预安装模块，如损坏预安装模块。
本发明实施例通过在保险杠以及保险杠装置中设计防脱结构以及第一定位结构，有利于预安装模块的稳定安装，且能够在保险杠受到撞击时使得保险杠上的预安装模块能够脱出而远离撞击力来源，从而有效地保护到预安装模 块，有利于预安装模块的重复使用。
当然，可以理解，本发明实施例中的保险杠、保险杠装置除了应用于移动小车之外，也可以适用于其它具有保险杠的车辆，此处不做具体限定。
下面参照图1至图12描述根据本发明一些实施例所述的保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆。
如图1至图8所示，本发明第一方面的实施例提供的保险杠10，包括：杠体11和设于杠体11上的第一定位结构、防脱结构。
具体地，杠体11设有安装滑槽111，安装滑槽111具有安装入口1111和安装出口1112，如图2所示；安装滑槽111用于与安装滑块20相配合，以使安装滑块20能够沿安装入口1111装配在杠体11上，并使安装滑块20在杠体11受到预设值的外力时能够沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11；第一定位结构用于在安装滑块20装配到位时与安装滑块20上的第二定位结构相配合以限制安装滑块20沿着安装滑槽111滑动，防脱结构用于增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力。
其中，预设值的外力为大于或等于一定值的外力，即预设值的外力为一外力大小范围，该预设值可以通过测试的统计数据获得。也即在，杠体11受到的外力大于或等于一定值时，安装滑块20可以由安装出口1112脱出杠体11，反之，则可以稳定装配在杠体11上。
本发明第一方面的实施例提供的保险杠10，通过设置安装滑槽111和第一定位结构，既能够实现保险杠10与安装滑块20的装配固定，又能够实现安装滑块20的碰撞脱出。通过设置防脱结构，能够增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力，从而实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的效果，使得安装滑块20便于安装，同时定位牢固，在受到小载荷冲击时不易脱出而在受到大载荷冲击时能够脱出以起到卸载保护作用，且在安装滑块20脱出后重新安装时不需要更换新的零件，体验好且成本低，同时也有效区分了正常使用工况及碰撞工况，兼顾了安装滑块20的安装便利性与固定可靠性，能够使安装滑块20的状态与当前工况相匹配。因此，只需将关键部件等预安装模块连接在安装滑块上，或者直接将预安装模块设计成安装滑块，保证预安装模块与安装滑块保持同步，即可实现预安装模块的准确定位及稳固固定，并保证了碰撞 时预安装模块可以迅速脱落，更好地保护关键部件不受过大冲击损坏。
具体而言，保险杠10包括杠体11、第一定位结构和防脱结构。杠体11作为安装滑块20的安装载体，设有安装滑槽111。装配时将安装滑块20由安装入口1111推入安装滑槽111，使安装滑块20向安装出口1112的方向滑动，当滑动至第一定位结构与第二定位结构相配合的位置时，若继续推动安装滑块20会感到阻力明显增大需增加推力，此时表明安装滑块20装配到位。这样，在正常使用工况下，第一定位结构与第二定位结构的配合能够限制安装滑块20沿着安装滑槽111滑动，保证安装滑块20相对稳定地固定在杠体11上；而在小载荷碰撞工况下，杠体11受到外力作用，使得安装滑块20在惯性力的作用下有脱出杠体11的趋势时，防脱结构能够对安装滑块20施加反向的作用力，以增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力，从而实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的效果，有效降低了安装滑块20在小载荷碰撞工况下脱出杠体11的几率，提高安装滑块20的装配稳定性；而在大载荷碰撞工况下，安装滑块20的惯性力足以克服防脱结构及保险杠10的其他结构施加的阻力，保证了安装滑块20能够沿着安装出口1112脱出杠体11，从而起到卸载作用，防止安装滑块20损坏。
因此，本申请提供的保险杠10，既能够合理区分正常使用工况及碰撞工况，又兼顾了安装滑块20的安装便利性与固定可靠性。同时，安装滑块20脱出后重新装配时，只需将安装滑块20重新从安装入口1111推入安装滑槽111即可，而无需更换新的安装滑块20。
优选地，杠体11与车辆的本体配合可以形成避让空间，以使得安装滑块20能够由安装出口1112脱出，其中，避让空间可以完全设置在杠体11上，也可以完全设置在车辆的本体上，也可以部分设置在杠体11上，部分设置在车辆的本体上。当然，杠体11和/或车辆本体也可以不设置避让空间，比如安装滑槽111位于杠体11的底部，杠体11与车辆本体底部齐平，安装滑块20位于车辆下方时，则无需设置避让空间，安装滑块20也可以由安装出口1112脱出。
值得说明的是，由于车辆前侧受到撞击时，安装滑块20很容易向后脱出杠体11(记为正向脱出杠体)，而车辆后侧受到撞击时，安装滑块20向前脱 出杠体11(记为反向脱出杠体)的概率相对较小，故而防脱结构主要用于增加安装滑块20向后脱出杠体11过程中受到的阻力。
下面结合一些实施例来详细描述本申请提供的保险杠10的具体结构。
实施例一
第一定位结构为定位凸起12，如图2所示，用于适配被构造成定位凹槽的第二定位结构，杠体11能够在安装滑块20的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使定位凸起12能够卡入或脱出定位凹槽。
第一定位结构为定位凸起12，第二定位结构为定位凹槽，则定位凸起12卡入定位凹槽内，即可对杠体11与安装滑块20之间的装配过程起到定位作用，同时对二者之间的相对滑动起到一定的限位作用，以限制安装滑块20装配到位后沿着安装滑槽111滑动；而当定位凸起12脱出定位凹槽时，保险杠10对安装滑块20的限位作用解除，使得安装滑块20能沿着安装滑槽111继续滑动，进而通过安装出口1112脱出杠体11，以保证安装滑块20在大载荷冲击工况下能够脱出杠体11，实现卸载保护作用；同时，杠体11能够在安装滑块20的挤压下发生弹性变形，使得定位凸起12与定位凹槽之间能够发生较大幅度的相对运动，从而降低了定位凸起12卡入或脱出定位凹槽的难度，进而降低了安装滑块20的装配难度，提高了装配效率；此外，利用杠体11的弹性变形实现定位凸起12卡入或脱出定位凹槽，可以显著降低对定位凸起12的弹性要求，因此定位凸起12可以采用刚性结构，这样能够提高定位凸起12与定位凹槽配合时的限位可靠性，降低正常使用工况下或小载荷冲击下定位凸起12从定位凹槽中脱出的概率，从而提高安装滑块20的装配稳定性。
进一步地，杠体11上设有通槽112，通槽112的外侧边上设有定位凸起12，如图2、图4和图6所示；通槽112能够在安装滑块20的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使定位凸起12向靠近通槽112的方向运动。
由于中空结构相较于实心结构，更容易发生弹性变形，因而在杠体11上设置通槽112，利用通槽112在安装滑块20的挤压下发生的弹性变形，能够进一步降低定位凸起12卡入或脱出定位凹槽的难度，从而进一步提高装配便利性；而将定位凸起12设置在通槽112的外侧边上，即：将定位凸起12设置在设有通槽112的杠体11部位的侧面上，保证了当通槽112被挤压收缩时， 定位凸起12能够向靠近通槽112的方向运动，从而对定位凹槽进行快速避让，以使定位凸起12快速卡入或脱出定位凹槽。
进一步地，通槽112呈长条形，且沿安装滑块20的滑动方向延伸，如图1和图2所示。
通槽112呈长条形，且沿安装滑块20的滑动方向延伸，这显著增加了杠体11能够发生弹性变形的部位的范围，使得杠体11在受到安装滑块20挤压时能够将受到的作用力分散开来，进而使杠体11相对大的范围都能够发生不同程度的弹性变形，从而防止杠体11因局部受力过大导致断裂或者局部变形过度而难以复位等情况发生，进而进一步提高了杠体11的使用可靠性；此外，在除了定位凸起12卡入及脱出定位凹槽的其他过程中，如果安装滑块20与杠体11发生干涉，通槽112也能够进行适量的弹性变形，以缓解安装滑块20与杠体11之间的干涉程度，从而能够防止安装滑块20在装配过程中以及大载荷冲击工况下脱出杠体11的过程中发生卡滞的情况，既进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配便利性，又便于安装滑块20在大载荷冲击下能够快速脱出，进一步提高了对安装滑块20的保护作用。
优选地，定位凸起12的端面边缘为弧形，如图2所示。
定位凸起12的端面边缘为弧形，且定位凸起12优选呈均匀的柱状结构。这样，定位凸起12的表面没有凸棱、尖角等结构，便于定位凸起12在进入或脱出定位凹槽的过程中实现平滑过渡，从而降低安装滑块20在定位凸起12处发生卡滞或卡死的概率，进一步提高安装滑块20的装配便利性和大载荷冲击下脱出杠体11的顺畅性。
进一步地，定位凸起12的高度方向垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向，如图2所示。
与定位凸起12的高度方向相对于安装滑块20的滑动方向倾斜设置的方案相比，使定位凸起12的高度方向垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向，能够使安装滑块20与定位凸起12之间的相互作用力尽可能平行于安装滑块20的滑动方向，从而尽可能防止产生垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的分力，以尽可能防止安装滑块20沿着垂直于其滑动方向的方向产生分运动，从而提高了安装滑块20滑动轨迹的精确性；同时，也使得保险杠10的结构较为规整，既便于加 工成型，也提高了产品的美观度。
优选地，定位凸起12整体呈半圆柱状或半椭圆柱状。
进一步地，安装滑槽111相对设置的两侧面中的至少一个设有第一定位结构，如图2、图4和图6所示。
相较于将第一定位结构设置在安装滑槽的底面1113上而言，将第一定位结构设置安装滑槽111相对设置的侧面上，能够防止安装滑块20在滑动过程中沿垂直于其滑动方向的方向发生浮动，这有利于提高安装滑块20的装配便利性，从而提高用户的使用舒适性。
优选地，安装滑槽111相对设置的两个侧面上都设有第一定位结构，如图2、图4和图6所示。相应地，安装滑块20上的第二定位结构与第一定位结构的数量相等且一一对应，这样有利于杠体11与安装滑块20之间受力均衡，从而进一步提高安装滑块20的装配稳定性，也使得杠体11的结构较为规整，既便于加工成型，又提高了美观度。
进一步地，侧面的顶部设有滑动配合部，滑动配合部与安装滑槽111配合形成用于夹持安装滑块20的滑动部的夹持空间；第一定位结构设于滑动配合部，用于与设于滑动部的第二定位结构相配合。
安装滑槽111侧面的顶部设有滑动配合部，滑动配合部与安装滑槽111配合形成用于夹持安装滑块20的滑动部的夹持空间，则装配完成后，安装滑块20的滑动部被夹持在夹持空间内，这能够限制安装滑块20多个方向的自由度，从而进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配稳定性；将第一定位结构设置在滑动配合部上，保证其能够与设置在滑动部上的第二定位结构相配合，从而保证安装滑块20与杠体11的良好配合；同时，使得第一定位结构仅位于安装滑槽111侧面的顶部，这样有利于缩小第一定位结构的尺寸，从而进一步提高安装滑块20的装配便利性。
具体地，滑动配合部为挡板113，如图2所示，挡板113用于与被构造成滑槽21的滑动部相配合；挡板113向安装滑槽111的内部延伸，第一定位结构设于挡板113的自由侧边上，如图2所示，用于与设于滑槽21的内侧壁上的第二定位结构相配合。
滑动配合部为挡板113，滑动部为滑槽21，且挡板113向安装滑槽111 的内部延伸，则装配过程中，安装滑块20插入杠体11上的安装滑槽111内，同时杠体11上的挡板113也插入安装滑块20上的滑槽21内，使得安装滑块20与杠体11形成相互嵌入的结构，实现了双重滑动导向，从而进一步提高了安装滑块20滑动轨迹的精确性，并提高了安装滑块20的装配稳定性；将第一定位结构设置在挡板113的自由侧边上(即朝向安装滑槽111相对设置的侧面的表面上)，保证其能够与设置在滑槽21的内侧壁上的第二定位结构相配合，从而保证安装滑块20与杠体11的良好配合。
进一步地，对于前述杠体11上设有通槽112的实施例而言，通槽112设置在挡板113上，如图1和图2所示。
进一步地，防脱结构包括弹性臂13，弹性臂13设置在安装滑槽的底面1113上，且由安装入口1111延伸至安装出口1112，如图1和图2所示；弹性臂13靠近安装出口1112的一端形成有台阶部131，台阶部131用于与安装滑块20相抵靠，以增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力；弹性臂13用于在安装滑块20的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使安装滑块20能够越过台阶部131并脱出安装出口1112，或使安装滑块20能够复位至第一定位结构与第二定位结构相配合时的位置。
防脱结构包括弹性臂13，弹性臂13设置在安装滑槽的底面1113上，且由安装入口1111延伸至安装出口1112，弹性臂13靠近安装出口1112的一端形成有台阶部131，则当安装滑块20向安装出口1112处滑动时，会与台阶部131相抵靠，受到台阶部131的阻挡，从而增加安装滑块20脱出杠体11过程中受到的阻力，实现推入力小、脱出力大的防脱效果；且弹性臂13在安装滑块20的挤压下可以发生弹性变形，保证了安装滑块20在大载荷冲击下可以越过台阶部131脱出杠体11，从而起到卸载保护的作用；而在小载荷冲击下，安装滑块20对弹性臂13的挤压不足以使其越过台阶部131，此时弹性臂13的复位弹力会带动安装滑块20复位至第一定位结构与第二定位结构相配合时的位置，从而保证了小载荷冲击下，安装滑块20不易脱出且能自动复位。
进一步地，台阶部131远离安装出口1112的一端设有第一导向斜面1311，如图2所示，第一导向斜面1311用于引导安装滑块20越过台阶部131以脱出安装滑槽111，或用于引导安装滑块20复位至第一定位结构与第二定位结构 相配合时的位置。
台阶部131远离安装出口1112的一端设有第一导向斜面1311，第一导向斜面1311能够对安装滑块20施加垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向且指向安装滑槽111的顶部的分力和与安装滑块20的滑入方向相反的分力，前者能够在大载荷冲击下引导安装滑块20越过台阶部131，进而保证安装滑块20能够脱出安装滑槽111；后者能够在小冲击载荷下引导安装滑块20反向运动，以使安装滑块20复位至第一定位结构与第二定位结构相配合的位置，进而保证安装滑块20能够实现自动复位。
进一步地，台阶部131靠近安装出口1112的一端的端面垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向，如图2所示；或者，台阶部131靠近安装出口1112的一端设有止挡斜面，且止挡斜面的倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
若台阶部131靠近安装出口1112的一端的端面垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向，则安装滑块20从安装出口1112处向安装滑槽111内滑动时，无法产生使其越过台阶部131的分力，因而能够有效防止安装滑块20从安装出口1112处进入安装滑槽111，起到了防呆作用，能够有效防止安装滑块20反装，取消了防反装的安装标识。
若台阶部131靠近安装出口1112的一端设有止挡斜面，且止挡斜面的倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角，则安装滑块20在安装出口1112处向安装滑槽111内滑动时，产生的垂直于其滑动方向的分力也不能使其越过台阶部131，因而也能够有效防止安装滑块20从安装出口1112处进入安装滑槽111，也起到了防呆作用，能够有效防止安装滑块20反装，取消了防反装的安装标识。
进一步地，弹性臂13靠近安装入口1111的一端设有第二导向斜面132，如图2所示，且第二导向斜面132的倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
弹性臂13靠近安装入口1111的一端设有第二导向斜面132，第二导向斜面132的倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角，因而能够引导安装滑块20向进入安装滑槽111的方向运动，便于安装滑块20快速进入安装滑槽111，从而进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配便利性。
进一步地，安装入口1111的两侧壁1115倾斜设置，且安装入口1111的两侧壁1115的倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角，如图8所示。
安装入口1111的两侧壁1115(即杠体11位于安装入口1111处的两侧的部位的表面)倾斜设置，且倾斜方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向呈锐角，因而也能够引导安装滑块20向进入安装滑槽111的方向运动，也便于安装滑块20快速进入安装滑槽111，从而进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配便利性。
进一步地，安装滑槽111中由第一定位结构至安装入口1111的侧面为光滑面，安装滑槽111中由第一定位结构至安装出口1112的侧面为粗糙面。
安装滑槽111中由第一定位结构至安装入口1111的侧面为光滑面，由第一定位结构至安装出口1112的侧面为粗糙面。由于安装滑块20在装配的过程中经过光滑面的部位相对较多，而装配完成后沿安装出口1112脱出的过程中经过粗糙面的部位较多，因此安装滑块20在装配的过程中受到的阻力小于沿安装出口1112脱出过程中受到的阻力，从而也起到了推入力小、脱出力大的效果，兼顾了安装滑块20的装配便利性与装配稳定性。
进一步地，安装滑槽111的槽壁上设有条形筋114，如图4和图6所示，条形筋114沿安装滑块20的滑动方向延伸。
在安装滑槽111的槽壁上设置条形筋114，且使条形筋114沿安装滑块20的滑动方向延伸，则安装滑块20进入安装滑槽111后，与条形筋114相接触并沿着条形筋114滑动，这样能够减小安装滑块20与安装滑槽111之间的接触面积，从而减小了摩擦阻力，进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配便利性。
优选地，条形筋114设置在安装滑槽的侧面1114上，如图4和图6所示，用于与安装滑块20的底部侧面相抵接。
条形筋114设置在安装滑槽的侧面1114上，用于与安装滑块20的底部侧面相抵接，这样保证了安装滑块20的底面与安装滑槽的底面1113之间具有相对较大的接触面积，有利于提高安装滑块20的装配稳定性。
进一步地，安装滑槽111相对设置的两侧面上均设有条形筋114，且两侧面上的条形筋114对称设置，这样既有利于安装滑块20和杠体11受力均衡，又提高了产品的美观度。此外，安装滑块20的底部侧面位于前述实施例中的挡板113与安装滑槽的底面1113之间。
进一步地，条形筋114朝向安装入口1111的一端设有第三导向斜面1141，且第三导向斜面1141沿着安装滑块20的滑入方向向安装滑块20的内部倾斜延伸，如图4所示。
条形筋114朝向安装入口1111的一端设有第三导向斜面1141，且第三导向斜面1141沿着安装滑块20的滑入方向向安装滑块20的内部方向倾斜延伸，因而也能够引导安装滑块20向进入安装滑槽111的方向运动，便于安装滑块20快速进入安装滑槽111，从而进一步提高了安装滑块20的装配便利性。
优选地，安装滑槽111设置在杠体11的顶部，如图1、图3和图5所示。
由于保险杠10的上方具有相对较大的空间，因而将安装滑槽111设置在杠体11的顶部，能够降低对安装滑块20的尺寸要求，既便于利用杠体11上方的空间安装尺寸相对较大的安装滑块20，也便于安装滑块20连接其他预安装模块(如车灯模块30)。当然，安装滑槽111也可以设置在杠体11的底部、侧部或其他部位。
进一步地，杠体11中位于安装出口1112的下方的部位设有避让结构。
杠体11中位于安装出口1112下方的部位设有避让结构，便于弹性臂13发生弹性形变，从而提高防脱结构的使用可靠性。
进一步地，杠体11中靠近安装出口1112的下方的部位设有弹性填充材料。
杠体11中靠近安装出口1112的下方的部位设有弹性填充材料(如海绵)，也有利于弹性臂13发生弹性形变，从而提高防脱结构的使用可靠性。
进一步地，安装滑槽111沿着平行于安装滑块20的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，第一定位结构和/或防脱结构关于安装滑槽111的对称平面对称设置，如图1和图2结合所示。
安装滑槽111沿着平行于安装滑块20的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，第一定位结构和/或防脱结构也关于该对称平面对称设置，使得保险杠10的结构较为规整，既便于加工成型，又便于均衡受力，且提高了保险杠10的美观度。
实施例二
与实施例一的区别在于：在实施例一的基础上，进一步地，如图9所示，定位凸起12的端面边缘上第一点的切线方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向形成有第一夹角α，定位凸起12的端面边缘上第二点的切线方向与安装滑块 20装配时的滑动方向的反方向形成有第二夹角β，第一点及第二点与定位凸起12的端面边缘的顶点的切线之间的距离相等；第一夹角α小于第二夹角β。
安装滑块20装配到位时，定位凸起12卡入定位凹槽内，此时定位凹槽的开口端的两条侧边(靠近安装入口1111的记为第一侧边，靠近安装出口1112的记为第二侧边)与定位凸起12相接触。如果安装滑块20向安装出口1112的方向滑动，第一侧边需沿着定位凸起12滑动直至越过定位凸起12；如果安装滑块20向安装入口1111的方向滑动，第二侧边需沿着定位凸起12滑动直至越过定位凸起12。因此，第一侧边越过定位凸起12的难易程度及第二侧边越过定位凸起12的难易程度，分别决定了安装滑块20沿安装出口1112及安装入口1111脱出杠体11的难易程度。
假设以第一侧边的端点与定位凸起12的接触点为第一点，第二侧边的端点与定位凸起12的接触点为第二点，且第一点及第二点与定位凸起12的端面边缘的顶点的切线之间的距离相等，因而在安装滑块20从两个方向脱出杠体11的过程中，定位凸起12脱出定位凹槽的运动幅度相等。这样，安装滑块20脱出杠体11的难易程度决定于安装滑块20施加于定位凸起12的作用力(该作用力平行于安装滑块20的滑动方向)沿与定位凸起12接触部位的切线方向的分力，亦即决定于第一夹角与第二夹角的大小，夹角越大，切向分力越小，越难脱出杠体11，脱出杠体11需要的推力也越大。因此，当第一夹角小于第二夹角时，如果忽略防脱结构的作用时，安装滑块20沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11的推力会小于安装滑块20沿安装入口1111脱出杠体11的推力；而安装滑块20沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11的方向与安装滑块20的装入方向相同，因而忽略防脱结构的作用时，安装滑块20沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11的推力大致等于安装滑块20的推入力度。
由此可以得出，安装滑块20的推入力度小于其反向的脱出力度(即沿安装入口1111脱出杠体11的力度)，从而实现了推入力度小、反向脱出力度大的效果，兼顾了安装滑块20的装配便利性和装配稳定性，有效增加了安装滑块20沿安装入口1111脱出杠体11的难度，降低了车辆后侧受到小载荷冲击时安装滑块20向前脱出杠体11的概率。
实施例三
第一定位结构为可伸缩凸起，用于适配被构造成定位凹槽的第二定位结构，可伸缩凸起能够伸出以卡入定位凹槽或缩回以脱出定位凹槽。
第一定位结构为可伸缩凸起，第二定位结构为定位凹槽，可伸缩凸起能够相对安装滑块20进行伸缩，进而在伸出时卡入定位凹槽，在缩回时脱出定位凹槽，从而也实现了安装滑块20的装配和脱出。其中，可伸缩凸起可以采用弹性结构，以利用可伸缩凸起本身的弹性变形来进行伸缩运动；可伸缩凸起也可以采用刚性结构，利用其他结构(如杠体11)的弹性变形来实现可伸缩凸起的伸缩运动；或者，可伸缩凸起的伸缩运动也可以由可伸缩凸起及其他结构的弹性变形共同实现。
进一步地，可伸缩凸起的伸缩方向垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向。
使可伸缩凸起的伸缩方向垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向，既有利于减小可伸缩凸起伸缩运动的幅度，从而简化产品结构，并提高可伸缩凸起的使用可靠性；也有利于提高定位凸起12与定位凹槽的配合稳定性，从而提高了安装滑块20的装配稳定性。
如图1所示，本发明第二方面的实施例提供的保险杠装置，包括：保险杠10、安装滑块20和防脱结构。
具体地，保险杠10包括杠体11和设于杠体11上的第一定位结构，安装滑块20包括第二定位结构，防脱结构设于杠体11上和/或设于安装滑块20上；杠体11设有安装滑槽111，安装滑槽111具有安装入口1111和安装出口1112，如图2所示；安装滑槽111用于与安装滑块20相配合，以使安装滑块20能够沿安装入口1111装配在杠体11上，并使安装滑块20在杠体11受到预设值的外力时能够沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11；第一定位结构用于在安装滑块20装配到位时与第二定位结构相配合以限制安装滑块20沿着安装滑槽111滑动；防脱结构用于增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力。
本发明第二方面的实施例提供的保险杠装置，通过在保险杠10上设置安装滑槽111和第一定位结构，既能够实现保险杠10与安装滑块20的装配固定，又能够实现安装滑块20的碰撞脱出。通过设置防脱结构，能够增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力，从而实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的效果，使得安装滑块20便于安装，同时定位牢固，在受到小载荷冲击时不 易脱出而在受到大载荷冲击时能够脱出以起到卸载保护作用，且在安装滑块20脱出后重新安装时不需要更换新的零件，体验好且成本低，同时也有效区分了正常使用工况及碰撞工况，兼顾了安装滑块20的安装便利性与固定可靠性，能够使安装滑块20的状态与当前工况相匹配。
具体而言，保险杠10包括杠体11和第一定位结构。安装滑块20设有第二定位结构，安装滑块20与杠体11之间设有防脱结构，杠体11作为安装滑块20的安装载体，设有安装滑槽111。装配时将安装滑块20由安装入口1111推入安装滑槽111，使安装滑块20向安装出口1112的方向滑动，当滑动至第一定位结构与第二定位结构相配合的位置时，若继续推动安装滑块20会感到阻力明显增大需增加推力，此时表明安装滑块20装配到位。这样，在正常使用工况下，第一定位结构与第二定位结构的配合能够限制安装滑块20沿着安装滑槽111滑动，保证安装滑块20相对稳定地固定在杠体11上；而在小载荷碰撞工况下，杠体11受到外力作用，使得安装滑块20在惯性力的作用下有脱出杠体11的趋势时，防脱结构能够对安装滑块20施加反向的作用力，以增加安装滑块20在脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力，从而实现了推入力度小脱出力度大的效果，有效降低了安装滑块20在小载荷碰撞工况下脱出杠体11的几率，提高安装滑块20的装配稳定性；而在大载荷碰撞工况下，安装滑块20的惯性力足以克服防脱结构及保险杠10的其他结构施加的阻力，保证了安装滑块20能够沿着安装出口1112脱出杠体11，从而起到卸载作用，防止安装滑块20损坏。
因此，本申请提供的保险杠装置，既能够合理区分正常使用工况及碰撞工况，又兼顾了安装滑块20的安装便利性与固定可靠性。同时，安装滑块20脱出后重新装配时，只需将安装滑块20重新从安装入口1111推入安装滑槽111即可，而无需更换新的安装滑块20。
下面结合一些实施例来详细描述本申请提供的保险杠装置的具体结构。
实施例一
与第一方面实施例中的实施例一的结构和原理相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例二
与第一方面实施例中的实施例二的结构和原理相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例三
与第一方面实施例中的实施例三的结构和原理相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例四
与实施例三的区别在于：第一定位结构为定位凹槽，第二定位结构为可伸缩凸起，可伸缩凸起能够伸出以卡入定位凹槽或缩回以脱出定位凹槽。
相较于实施例三，实施例四调换了可伸缩凸起与定位凹槽的位置，将第一定位结构设计为定位凹槽，将第二定位结构设计为可伸缩凸起，也能够实现安装滑块20的装配和脱出，且原理与上述方案基本相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例五
与实施例一的区别在于：如图10所示，防脱结构包括第一块体22和第二块体23，第一块体22、第二块体23设于安装滑块20的主体的底部，且第一块体22和第二块体23之间形成有第二定位结构。
进一步地，第二块体23至第一块体22的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致，第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W1小于第二块体23沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W2，如图10所示。
第二块体23至第一块体22的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致，则在安装滑块20装配的过程中只有第一块体22经过定位凸起12，而装配完成后安装滑块20由安装出口1112脱出杠体11的过程中只有第二块体23经过了定位凸起12。因此，当第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W1小于第二块体23沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W2时，定位凸起12在安装滑块20装配的过程中的运动幅度小于安装滑块20沿安装出口1112脱出杠体11过程中的运动幅度，从而也实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的技术效果，兼顾了安装滑块20的装配便利性和装配稳定性。
优选地，第一块体22和第二块体23均为等宽结构，如图10和图11所示，既使得安装滑块20的结构较为规整，便于加工成型，又提高了产品的美观度。
进一步地，第一定位结构沿着垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，如图10和图11所示。
具体地，第一定位结构呈半圆柱状，如图10所示。
实施例六
与实施例五的区别在于：第一定位结构成三棱柱状，如图11所示。
在实施例五和实施例六中，第一定位结构(如前述实施例中的定位凸起12、可伸缩凸起)沿着垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，比如呈半圆柱形(如图10所示)、三棱柱形(如图11所示)、等腰梯形、半椭圆柱形等均可以，便于根据产品的具体结构来合理设计第一定位结构的形状。
实施例七
与实施例五的区别在于：如图12所示，第二块体23至第一块体22的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致，第一块体22的后端至第一块体22的前端的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致，如图12所示，第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的前端宽度W0小于第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的后端宽度W1；第二块体23沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W2等于或大于第一块体22的后端宽度W1。
第二块体23至第一块体22的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致，则在安装滑块20装配的过程中只有第一块体22经过定位凸起12，而装配完成后安装滑块20由安装出口1112脱出杠体11的过程中只有第二块体23经过了定位凸起12。第一块体22的后端至第一块体22的前端的延伸方向与安装滑块20装配时的滑动方向一致(此处第一块体的前后方向是以安装滑块装配时的滑动方向为基准的，与车辆的前后没有必然联系，可以相同，也可以相反。其中，在实际应用中，安装滑块装配时的滑动方向与车辆由前至后的方向平行)，则装配过程中第一块体22的前端先与定位凸起12发生干涉，此处的干涉大小在很大程度上决定了推入力度的大小；装配完成后安装滑块20由安装出口1112脱出的过程中，第二块体23的前端先与定位凸起12发生干涉，此处的干涉大小在很大程度上决定了正向脱出杠体11的脱出力度的大小；装配完成后安装滑块20反向由安装入口1111脱出的过程中，第一块体22的后端先与定位凸起12发生干涉，此处的干涉大小在很大程度上决定了反向脱出杠体11的脱出力度的大小。
因此，当第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的前端宽度W0小于第一块体22沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的后端宽度W1且第二块体23沿垂直于安装滑块20的滑动方向的宽度W2等于或大于第一块体22的后 端宽度W1时，第一块体22的前端与定位凸起12之间的干涉量小于第一块体22的后端与定位凸起12之间的干涉量，且第一块体22的后端与定位凸起12之间的干涉量小于等于第二块体23的前端与定位凸起12之间的干涉量，从而使得安装滑块20的推入力度小于反向的脱出力度小于等于正向的脱出力度。因此也实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的技术效果，兼顾了安装滑块20的装配便利性和装配可靠性，且使得安装滑块20从两个方向脱出杠体11的过程中受到的阻力均得到增加，保证了车辆无论受到向前的小载荷冲击还是向后的小载荷冲击，都不会轻易发生安装滑块20脱落的情况。
进一步地，第一块体22的前端的转角为弧形角，如图12所示，第一块体22的后端的转角为方角。
第一块体22的前端的转角为弧形角(即第一块体22的前端面与侧面通过弧形面过渡)，弧形角能够进一步降低第一块体22的前端与定位凸起12的干涉程度，从而进一步减小安装滑块20的推入力度；第一块体22的后端的转角为方角(即第一块体22的前端面与侧面直接相交)，方角能够进一步提高第一块体22的后端与定位凸起12的干涉程度，从而进一步增大安装滑块20反向的脱出力度；且第一块体22的前端的转角为弧形角，后端的转角为方角时，可以将第一块体22整体设置为等宽结构，这样既能够实现第一块体22的前端宽度小于后端宽度，又使得第一块体22的结构较为规整，便于加工成型，也较为美观。同理，第二块体23也优选为等宽结构。
进一步地，第一块体22与第二块体23为一体结构，一体结构与安装滑块20的主体的连接处形成有第二定位结构。
第一块体22与第二块体23为一体结构，提高了安装滑块20的强度和使用可靠性，且有利于提高安装滑块20的成型效率。
当然，实施例五、实施例六和实施例七也可以是在实施例一的基础上，进行的进一步改进，即实施例五的防脱结构与实施例一的防脱结构可以并用，实施例六的防脱结构与实施例一的防脱结构可以并用，实施例七的防脱结构与实施例一的防脱结构可以并用。
在上述任一实施例中，可选地，安装滑块20用于与预安装模块相连；或者，安装滑块20为预安装模块。
安装滑块20用于与预安装模块相连，即：安装滑块20与预安装模块为分体式结构，只需将预安装模块连接在安装滑块20上，通过安装滑块20与保险杠10之间的配合即可实现预安装模块的装配固定及碰撞脱出等功能。
或者，也可以直接将安装滑块20作为预安装模块，这相当于将预安装模块的一部分设计为安装滑块20，能够与保险杠10相配合即可。
具体地，预安装模块为车灯模块30，如图1所示。
当然，不局限于车灯模块30，也可以为其他模块，例如，音频模块、探测模块、监测模块。
本发明第三方面的实施例提供的车辆(图中未示出)，包括：车体和如第二方面实施例中任一项的保险杠装置，保险杠装置安装在车体上。
综上所述，本发明提供的保险杠，通过设置安装滑槽和第一定位结构，既能够实现保险杠与安装滑块的装配固定，又能够实现安装滑块的碰撞脱出。通过设置防脱结构，能够增加安装滑块在脱出杠体的过程中受到的阻力，从而实现了推入力度小、脱出力度大的效果，使得安装滑块便于安装，同时定位牢固，在受到小载荷冲击时不易脱出而在受到大载荷冲击时能够脱出以起到卸载保护作用，且在安装滑块脱出后重新安装时不需要更换新的零件，体验好且成本低，同时也有效区分了正常使用工况及碰撞工况，兼顾了安装滑块的安装便利性与固定可靠性，能够使安装滑块的状态与当前工况相匹配。因此，只需将关键部件等预安装模块连接在安装滑块上，或者直接将预安装模块设计成安装滑块，保证预安装模块与安装滑块保持同步，即可实现预安装模块的准确定位及稳固固定，并保证了碰撞时预安装模块可以迅速脱落，更好地保护关键部件不受过大冲击损坏。
在本发明中，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；“相连”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后” 等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (60)

  1. 一种保险杠，其特征在于，包括：
    杠体和设于所述杠体上的第一定位结构、防脱结构；
    所述杠体设有安装滑槽，所述安装滑槽具有安装入口和安装出口；
    所述安装滑槽用于与安装滑块相配合，以使所述安装滑块能够沿所述安装入口装配在所述杠体上，并使所述安装滑块在所述杠体受到预设值的外力时能够沿所述安装出口脱出所述杠体；
    所述第一定位结构用于在所述安装滑块装配到位时与所述安装滑块上的第二定位结构相配合以限制所述安装滑块沿着所述安装滑槽滑动，所述防脱结构用于增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述第一定位结构为定位凸起，用于适配被构造成定位凹槽的所述第二定位结构，所述杠体能够在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述定位凸起能够卡入或脱出所述定位凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述杠体上设有通槽，所述通槽的外侧边上设有所述定位凸起；
    所述通槽能够在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述定位凸起向靠近所述通槽的方向运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述通槽呈长条形，且沿所述安装滑块的滑动方向延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的端面边缘为弧形。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的高度方向垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的端面边缘上第一点的切线方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向形成有第一夹角，所述定位凸起的端面边缘上第二点的切线方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方 向的反方向形成有第二夹角，所述第一点及所述第二点与所述定位凸起的端面边缘的顶点的切线之间的距离相等；
    所述第一夹角小于所述第二夹角。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述第一定位结构为可伸缩凸起，用于适配被构造成定位凹槽的所述第二定位结构，所述可伸缩凸起能够伸出以卡入所述定位凹槽或缩回以脱出所述定位凹槽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述可伸缩凸起的伸缩方向垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽相对设置的两侧面中的至少一个设有所述第一定位结构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述侧面的顶部设有滑动配合部，所述滑动配合部与所述安装滑槽配合形成用于夹持所述安装滑块的滑动部的夹持空间；
    所述第一定位结构设于所述滑动配合部，用于与设于所述滑动部的所述第二定位结构相配合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述滑动配合部为挡板，所述挡板用于与被构造成滑槽的所述滑动部相配合；
    所述挡板向所述安装滑槽的内部延伸，所述第一定位结构设于所述挡板的自由侧边上，用于与设于所述滑槽的内侧壁上的所述第二定位结构相配合。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述防脱结构包括弹性臂，所述弹性臂设置在所述安装滑槽的底面上，且由所述安装入口延伸至所述安装出口；
    所述弹性臂靠近所述安装出口的一端形成有台阶部，所述台阶部用于与所述安装滑块相抵靠，以增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力；
    所述弹性臂用于在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述安装滑块能够越过所述台阶部并脱出所述安装出口，或使所述安装滑块能够复位至所述第一定位结构与所述第二定位结构相配合时的位置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述台阶部远离所述 安装出口的一端设有第一导向斜面，所述第一导向斜面用于引导所述安装滑块越过所述台阶部以脱出所述安装滑槽，或用于引导所述安装滑块复位至所述第一定位结构与所述第二定位结构相配合时的位置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述台阶部靠近所述安装出口的一端的端面垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向；或者
    所述台阶部靠近所述安装出口的一端设有止挡斜面，且所述止挡斜面的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述弹性臂靠近所述安装入口的一端设有第二导向斜面，且所述第二导向斜面的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装入口的两侧壁倾斜设置，且所述安装入口的两侧壁的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽中由所述第一定位结构至所述安装入口的侧面为光滑面，所述安装滑槽中由所述第一定位结构至所述安装出口的侧面为粗糙面。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽的槽壁上设有条形筋，所述条形筋沿所述安装滑块的滑动方向延伸。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述条形筋设置在所述安装滑槽的侧面上，用于与所述安装滑块的底部侧面相抵接。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述条形筋朝向所述安装入口的一端设有第三导向斜面，且所述第三导向斜面沿着所述安装滑块的滑入方向向所述安装滑块的内部倾斜延伸。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽设置在所述杠体的顶部。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述杠体中位于所述安装出口的下方的部位设有避让结构。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述杠体中靠近所述安装出口的下方的部位设有弹性填充材料。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的保险杠，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽沿着平行于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，所述第一定位结构和/或所述防脱结构关于所述安装滑槽的对称平面对称设置。
  26. 一种保险杠装置，其特征在于，包括：
    保险杠、安装滑块和防脱结构；
    所述保险杠包括杠体和设于所述杠体上的第一定位结构，所述安装滑块包括第二定位结构，防脱结构设于所述杠体上和/或设于所述安装滑块上；
    所述杠体设有安装滑槽，所述安装滑槽具有安装入口和安装出口；
    所述安装滑槽用于与所述安装滑块相配合，以使所述安装滑块能够沿所述安装入口装配在所述杠体上，并使所述安装滑块在所述杠体受到预设值的外力时能够沿所述安装出口脱出所述杠体；
    所述第一定位结构用于在所述安装滑块装配到位时与所述第二定位结构相配合以限制所述安装滑块沿着所述安装滑槽滑动；
    所述防脱结构用于增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第一定位结构为定位凸起，所述第二定位结构为定位凹槽，所述杠体能够在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述定位凸起能够卡入或脱出所述定位凹槽。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述杠体上设有通槽，所述通槽的外侧边上设有所述定位凸起；
    所述通槽能够在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述定位凸起向靠近所述通槽的方向运动。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述通槽呈长条形，且沿所述安装滑块的滑动方向延伸。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的端面边缘为弧形。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的高度方向垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向。
  32. 根据权利要求27所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述定位凸起的 端面边缘上第一点的切线方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向形成有第一夹角，所述定位凸起的端面边缘上第二点的切线方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向的反方向形成有第二夹角，所述第一点及所述第二点与所述定位凸起的端面边缘的顶点的切线之间的距离相等；
    所述第一夹角小于所述第二夹角。
  33. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第一定位结构为可伸缩凸起，所述第二定位结构为定位凹槽，所述可伸缩凸起能够伸出以卡入所述定位凹槽或缩回以脱出所述定位凹槽；或者
    所述第一定位结构为定位凹槽，所述第二定位结构为可伸缩凸起，所述可伸缩凸起能够伸出以卡入所述定位凹槽或缩回以脱出所述定位凹槽。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述可伸缩凸起的伸缩方向垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向。
  35. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽相对设置的两侧面中的至少一个上设有所述第一定位结构。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述侧面的顶部设有滑动配合部，所述滑动配合部与所述安装滑槽配合形成用于夹持所述安装滑块的滑动部的夹持空间；
    所述第一定位结构设于所述滑动配合部，用于与设于所述滑动部的所述第二定位结构相配合。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述滑动配合部为挡板，所述挡板用于与被构造成滑槽的所述滑动部相配合；
    所述挡板向所述安装滑槽的内部延伸，所述第一定位结构设于所述挡板的自由侧边上，用于与设于所述滑槽的内侧壁上的所述第二定位结构相配合。
  38. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述防脱结构包括弹性臂，所述弹性臂设置在所述安装滑槽的底面上，且由所述安装入口延伸至所述安装出口；
    所述弹性臂靠近所述安装出口的一端形成有台阶部，所述台阶部用于与所述安装滑块相抵靠，以增加所述安装滑块在脱出所述杠体的过程中受到的阻力；
    所述弹性臂用于在所述安装滑块的挤压下发生弹性变形，以使所述安装滑块能够越过所述台阶部并脱出所述安装出口，或使所述安装滑块能够复位至所述第一定位结构与所述第二定位结构相配合时的位置。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述台阶部远离所述安装出口的一端设有第一导向斜面，所述第一导向斜面用于引导所述安装滑块越过所述台阶部以脱出所述安装滑槽，或用于引导所述安装滑块复位至所述第一定位结构与所述第二定位结构相配合时的位置。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑块的底部设有配合斜面，所述配合斜面在所述安装滑块装配到位时与所述第一导向斜面相贴合。
  41. 根据权利要求38所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述台阶部靠近所述安装出口的一端的端面垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向；或者
    所述台阶部靠近所述安装出口的一端设有止挡斜面，且所述止挡斜面的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  42. 根据权利要求38所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述弹性臂靠近所述安装入口的一端设有第二导向斜面，且所述第二导向斜面的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  43. 根据权利要求26或38所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述防脱结构包括第一块体和第二块体，所述第一块体、所述第二块体设于所述安装滑块的主体的底部，且所述第一块体和所述第二块体之间形成有所述第二定位结构。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第二块体至所述第一块体的延伸方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向一致，所述第一块体沿垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的宽度小于所述第二块体沿垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的宽度。
  45. 根据权利要求43所述的保险杠装置，所述第二块体至所述第一块体的延伸方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向一致，所述第一块体的后端至所述第一块体的前端的延伸方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向一致，所述第一块体沿垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的前端宽度小于所述第一块体沿垂 直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的后端宽度；
    所述第二块体沿所述垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的宽度等于或大于所述第一块体的后端宽度。
  46. 根据权利要求45所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第一块体的前端的转角为弧形角，和/或，所述第一块体的后端的转角为方角。
  47. 根据权利要求43所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第一块体与所述第二块体为一体结构，所述一体结构与所述安装滑块的主体的连接处形成有所述第二定位结构。
  48. 根据权利要求44所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述第一定位结构沿着垂直于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的平面镜面对称。
  49. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装入口的两侧壁倾斜设置，且所述安装入口的两侧壁的倾斜方向与所述安装滑块装配时的滑动方向呈锐角。
  50. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽中由所述第一定位结构至所述安装入口的侧面为光滑面，所述安装滑槽中由所述第一定位结构至所述安装出口的侧面为粗糙面。
  51. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽的槽壁上设有条形筋，所述条形筋沿所述安装滑块的滑动方向延伸。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述条形筋设置在所述安装滑槽的侧面上，并与所述安装滑块的底部侧面相抵接。
  53. 根据权利要求52所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述条形筋朝向所述安装入口的一端设有第三导向斜面，且所述第三导向斜面沿着所述安装滑块的滑入方向向所述安装滑块的内部倾斜延伸。
  54. 根据权利要求26所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽设置在所述杠体的顶部。
  55. 根据权利要求54所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述杠体中位于所述安装出口的下方的部位设有避让结构。
  56. 根据权利要求54所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述杠体中靠近所述安装出口的下方的部位设有弹性填充材料。
  57. 根据权利要求26至56中任一项所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑槽沿着平行于所述安装滑块的滑动方向的平面镜面对称，所述第一定位结构、所述第二定位结构和/或所述防脱结构关于所述安装滑槽的对称平面对称设置。
  58. 根据权利要求26至56中任一项所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述安装滑块用于与预安装模块相连；或者
    所述安装滑块为预安装模块。
  59. 根据权利要求58所述的保险杠装置，其特征在于，所述预安装模块为车灯模块。
  60. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括：
    车体；和
    如权利要求26至59中任一项所述的保险杠装置，所述保险杠装置安装在所述车体上。
PCT/CN2018/107315 2018-09-25 2018-09-25 保险杠、保险杠装置及车辆 WO2020061742A1 (zh)

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