WO2020027003A1 - 電解液及び電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電解液及び電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020027003A1 WO2020027003A1 PCT/JP2019/029543 JP2019029543W WO2020027003A1 WO 2020027003 A1 WO2020027003 A1 WO 2020027003A1 JP 2019029543 W JP2019029543 W JP 2019029543W WO 2020027003 A1 WO2020027003 A1 WO 2020027003A1
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- mass
- electrolytic solution
- negative electrode
- fluorine
- formula
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- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/42—Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and an electrochemical device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing a specific siloxane compound in order to improve cycle characteristics and internal resistance characteristics.
- An index of the heat resistance of the electrochemical device includes, for example, suppression of expansion of the electrochemical device after storage at a high temperature.
- deterioration of various performances of the electrochemical device such as a degree of capacity decrease after storage at a high temperature and a degree of increase in direct current (DCR) during discharge, is suppressed. If the electrochemical device expands and ruptures during storage at a high temperature, there is a problem in safety. Therefore, it is particularly important to suppress the expansion of the electrochemical device.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution that can suppress the expansion of an electrochemical device even at a high temperature.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device in which expansion is suppressed even at a high temperature.
- the present inventors have found that by including a specific compound containing a silicon atom and a sulfur atom and a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate in an electrolytic solution, the expansion of the electrochemical device is significantly increased as compared with the case where each compound is contained alone. We found that it could be suppressed.
- the present inventors have also found that the incorporation of these compounds in the electrolytic solution suppresses a decrease in the capacity of the electrochemical device after storage at a high temperature and suppresses an increase in DCR during discharge. .
- the present invention provides, as a first aspect, an electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a sulfur atom.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably one.
- R 5 is preferably a group represented by any of the following formulas (2), (3) and (4).
- R 6 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 7 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 8 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- At least one of R 1 to R 3 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- the total of the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- the present invention provides, as a second aspect, an electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above-mentioned electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode preferably contains a carbon material.
- the carbon material preferably contains graphite.
- the negative electrode preferably further contains a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the electrochemical device is preferably a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery or a capacitor.
- an electrolytic solution that can suppress the expansion of an electrochemical device even at a high temperature. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrochemical device in which expansion is suppressed even at a high temperature.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an electrode group of the secondary battery illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the volume increase rate in an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the capacity maintenance ratio in an example and a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of discharge DCR in an example and a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electrochemical device according to one embodiment.
- the electrochemical device is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes an electrode group 2 including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery case 3 that houses the electrode group 2.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided with a positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and a negative electrode current collecting tab 5, respectively.
- the positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and the negative electrode current collecting tab 5 protrude from the inside of the battery package 3 to the outside such that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be electrically connected to the outside of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 respectively. .
- the battery exterior 3 is filled with an electrolyte (not shown).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 may be a battery (a coin type, a cylindrical type, a stacked type, or the like) having a shape other than the so-called “laminated type” as described above.
- the battery outer package 3 may be a container formed of, for example, a laminate film.
- the laminated film may be, for example, a laminated film in which a resin film such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- metal foil such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel
- a sealant layer such as polypropylene
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing one embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 shown in FIG.
- the electrode group 2 includes a positive electrode 6, a separator 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order.
- the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 are arranged such that the surfaces on the positive electrode mixture layer 10 side and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 side face the separator 7, respectively.
- the positive electrode 6 includes a positive electrode current collector 9 and a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on the positive electrode current collector 9.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is provided with a positive electrode current collector tab 4.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is made of, for example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, or the like.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 may be formed by processing a surface of aluminum, copper, or the like with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, conductivity, and oxidation resistance.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 9 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m in terms of electrode strength and energy density.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is, for example, 20 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a lithium oxide.
- the lithium oxide include Li x CoO 2 , Li x NiO 2 , Li x MnO 2 , Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2 , Li x Co y M 1-y O z , and Li x Ni 1 ⁇ y M y O z, Li x Mn 2 O 4 and Li x Mn 2-y M y O 4 ( in each formula, M represents, Na, Mg, Sc, Y , Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al , Cr, Pb, Sb, V and B represent at least one element selected from the group consisting of M and X (where M is an element different from the other elements in each formula).
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a lithium phosphate.
- the lithium phosphate include lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ), and lithium vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 )). 3 ).
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, and may be 99% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive agent may be a carbon material such as carbon black such as acetylene black and Ketjen black, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotube.
- the content of the conductive agent may be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, and 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less. Or less, or 15% by mass or less.
- binder examples include resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, and nitrocellulose; SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), and fluorine rubber Styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer), styrene / ethylene / butadiene / Thermoplastic elastomers such as ethylene copolymer, styrene / isoprene / styrene block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof; syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / bi acetate Soft resins such as styrene copolymers and propylene /
- the content of the binder may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 1.5% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, and 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less. % Or 10% by mass or less.
- the separator 7 is not particularly limited as long as it electrically insulates the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 while allowing ions to permeate, and has resistance to oxidizing property on the positive electrode 6 side and reducing property on the negative electrode 8 side. Not done.
- Examples of the material (material) of such a separator 7 include a resin and an inorganic substance.
- the resin examples include an olefin-based polymer, a fluorine-based polymer, a cellulose-based polymer, polyimide, and nylon.
- the separator 7 is preferably a porous sheet or a nonwoven fabric formed of a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene from the viewpoint of being stable with respect to the electrolytic solution and having excellent liquid retaining properties.
- the separator 7 may be, for example, a separator in which a fibrous or particulate inorganic substance is adhered to a thin film substrate such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or a microporous film.
- the negative electrode 8 includes a negative electrode current collector 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the negative electrode current collector 11.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is provided with a negative electrode current collection tab 5.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is formed of copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 may be formed of a material obtained by treating a surface of copper, aluminum, or the like with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like for the purpose of improving adhesion, conductivity, and reduction resistance.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 11 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m in terms of electrode strength and energy density.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb and release lithium ions.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material include carbon materials, metal composite oxides, oxides or nitrides of Group 4 elements such as tin, germanium, and silicon; simple substances of lithium; lithium alloys such as lithium aluminum alloys; and Sn and Si. And the like which can form an alloy with lithium.
- the negative electrode active material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon material and a metal composite oxide from the viewpoint of safety.
- the negative electrode active material may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the shape of the negative electrode active material may be, for example, a particle shape.
- the carbon material examples include an amorphous carbon material, natural graphite, a composite carbon material in which a coating of an amorphous carbon material is formed on natural graphite, artificial graphite (a resin material such as an epoxy resin and a phenol resin, or oil, coal, etc.). Obtained by firing the pitch-based raw material obtained from the above).
- the metal composite oxide preferably contains one or both of titanium and lithium, and more preferably contains lithium.
- the negative electrode active material may further include a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be a simple substance of silicon or tin, or a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the compound may be an alloy containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver An alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony and chromium.
- the compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be an oxide, a nitride, or a carbide, and specifically, for example, silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , LiSiO, and the like.
- silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , LiSiO, and the like.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 preferably contains a carbon material, more preferably contains graphite, more preferably contains a carbon material, more preferably a carbon material, It includes a mixture with a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin, particularly preferably a mixture of graphite and silicon oxide.
- the content of the material (silicon oxide) containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin in the mixture is 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the mixture. It may be 30% by mass or less.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, and may be 99% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the binder and its content may be the same as the binder and its content in the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may further contain a thickener for adjusting the viscosity.
- the thickener is not particularly limited, but may be carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, salts thereof, and the like.
- the thickener may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains a thickener
- its content is not particularly limited.
- the content of the thickener may be 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer. , More preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the content of the thickener may be 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity or an increase in resistance between the negative electrode active materials. %, More preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the electrolytic solution contains a compound represented by the following formula (1), a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, an electrolyte salt, and a non-aqueous solvent.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a sulfur atom.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 may have one or more carbon atoms, and may have three or less carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 3 may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, and may be linear or branched. At least one of R 1 to R 3 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 5 or less or 4 or less.
- the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, or a pentylene group, and may be linear or branched.
- R 5 is a group represented by the following formula (2) from the viewpoint of further suppressing the expansion of the electrochemical device, and easily suppressing the decrease in capacity at high temperatures and the increase in DCR at the time of discharge. It may be.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 5 is represented by the following formula (3) in another embodiment from the viewpoint of further suppressing the expansion of the electrochemical device and facilitating the reduction of the capacity at high temperatures and the increase of DCR at the time of discharge. It may be a group.
- R 7 represents an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 5 is represented by the following formula (4) in another embodiment from the viewpoint of further suppressing the expansion of the electrochemical device, and easily suppressing the decrease in capacity at high temperatures and the increase in DCR during discharge. It may be a group.
- R 8 represents an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by the formula (1) is one. That is, in one embodiment, the organic group represented by R 5 does not include a silicon atom.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution from the viewpoint that the expansion of the electrochemical device is further suppressed, and the capacity reduction at a high temperature and the increase of DCR at the time of discharge are easily suppressed.
- Fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate containing a fluorine atom in the molecule.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate containing a fluoro group.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic carbonate ester containing a fluoro group.
- 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC
- 1,2 -Difluoroethylene carbonate 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate and the like.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC) from the viewpoint of suppressing a side reaction when a stable film is formed on the negative electrode. .
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate further suppresses the expansion of the electrochemical device, and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in capacity at high temperatures and the increase in DCR during discharge, based on the total amount of the electrolyte, preferably 0.001% by mass or more, 0.005% by mass or more, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.05% by mass or more, or 0.1% by mass or more, 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass % Or less, or 1% by mass or less.
- the sum of the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate further suppresses the expansion of the electrochemical device, and also suppresses the capacity reduction at high temperature and the increase of DCR at the time of discharge.
- based on the total amount of the electrolyte preferably 0.001% by mass or more, 0.005% by mass or more, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, or 0.5% by mass or more And preferably 10% by mass or less, 7% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or less.
- the total content of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, 0.001 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- 0.005 to 5% 0.005 to 3% by mass, 0.005 to 2% by mass
- 0.005 to 1.5% by mass 0.01 to 10% by mass, 0.01 To 7% by mass, 0.01 to 5% by mass, 0.01 to 3% by mass, 0.01 to 2% by mass, 0.01 to 1.5% by mass, 0.1 to 10% by mass, 0.1 Up to 7% by mass, 0.1 to 5% by mass, 0.1 to 3% by mass, 0.1 to 2% by mass, 0.1 to 1.5% by mass, 0.5 to 10% by mass,
- the mass ratio of the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) to the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is determined by the electrochemical device. It is 0.01 or more, 0.05 or more, or 0.1 or more, from the viewpoint of further suppressing the expansion of, and from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the decrease in capacity at high temperatures and the increase in DCR during discharge. , 100 or less, 50 or less, or 20 or less.
- the electrolyte salt may be, for example, a lithium salt.
- Lithium salt for example, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiB (C 6 H 5) 4, LiCH 3 SO 3, CF 3 SO 2 OLi, LiN (SO 2 F) 2 (Li [FSI], lithium bis At least one selected from the group consisting of fluorosulfonylimide), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (Li [TFSI], lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 Good.
- the lithium salt preferably contains LiPF 6 from the viewpoint of further improving solubility in a solvent, charge / discharge characteristics of a secondary battery, output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and the like.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.7 mol / L or more, and still more preferably 0.8 mol / L or more, based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent, from the viewpoint of excellent charge / discharge characteristics. And preferably 1.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.3 mol / L or less, and still more preferably 1.2 mol / L or less.
- Non-aqueous solvents include, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyl lactone, acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxymethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan, methylene chloride, methyl acetate, etc. It may be.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be a single type of these or a mixture of two or more types, and is preferably a mixture of two or more types.
- the electrolytic solution may further contain other materials other than the compound represented by the formula (1), the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, the electrolyte salt, and the non-aqueous solvent.
- the other material may be, for example, a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond, and may be a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or a heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom other than the compounds described above, Acid esters and the like may be used.
- Other materials may be compounds having an unsaturated bond in the molecule other than the above-mentioned compounds.
- a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond is a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- two carbons constituting the ring may form a double bond.
- the cyclic carbonate may be vinylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, dimethyl vinylene carbonate (4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate), ethyl vinylene carbonate (4,5-diethyl vinylene carbonate), diethyl vinylene carbonate, or the like. From the viewpoint of improving the performance of the chemical device, vinylene carbonate is preferred.
- the present inventors have studied compounds having various structures and functional groups. As a result, by applying the compound represented by the above formula (1) and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate to the electrolytic solution, each compound can be used alone. It has been clarified that the expansion of the electrochemical device under high temperature can be suppressed as compared with the case of applying the method. In particular, the present inventors have found that, when the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is used alone in the electrolytic solution, the expansion of the electrochemical device cannot be suppressed, but when the compound is used in combination with the compound represented by the formula (1). Revealed that the expansion of the electrochemical device can be significantly suppressed.
- the present inventors presume the effects of using the compound represented by the formula (1) and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate in the electrolytic solution as follows. That is, the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate act on the places where the effects are most easily exerted in the lithium ion secondary battery, and contribute to, for example, stable film formation of the positive electrode or the negative electrode, or stabilization of the electrolytic solution. It is thought that. Alternatively, it is considered that the interaction between the compound represented by the formula (1) and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate stabilizes the electrolytic solution and suppresses gas generation due to decomposition of the electrolyte salt. As a result, expansion of an electrochemical device such as the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 at a high temperature is suppressed.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) forms a stable film on the positive electrode or the negative electrode. This suppresses a decrease in output characteristics caused by the decomposition product of the electrolytic solution being deposited on the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- a decrease in capacity and an increase in resistance including an increase in DC resistance (discharge DCR) at the time of discharge) due to decomposition of the electrolyte salt are caused at high temperatures. Is also suppressed. This effect becomes more remarkable when the compound represented by the formula (1) and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate are used in combination.
- the method for manufacturing the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes a first step of obtaining the positive electrode 6, a second step of obtaining the negative electrode 8, and a third step of housing the electrode group 2 in the battery exterior body 3, A fourth step of injecting the electrolyte into the battery exterior body 3.
- the material used for the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is dispersed in a dispersion medium using a kneader, a disperser, or the like to obtain a positive electrode mixture in a slurry form.
- the positive electrode 6 is obtained by coating the positive electrode current collector 9 by dipping, spraying, or the like, and then volatilizing the dispersion medium. After volatilizing the dispersion medium, a compression molding step by a roll press may be provided as necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be formed as a positive electrode mixture layer having a multilayer structure by performing the above-described steps from application of the positive electrode mixture to volatilization of the dispersion medium a plurality of times.
- the dispersion medium may be water, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, also referred to as NMP) or the like.
- the second step may be the same as the first step described above, and the method of forming the negative electrode mixture layer 12 on the negative electrode current collector 11 may be the same method as the first step described above. .
- the electrode group 2 is formed by sandwiching the separator 7 between the produced positive electrode 6 and negative electrode 8.
- the electrode group 2 is housed in the battery exterior body 3.
- the electrolytic solution is injected into the battery case 3.
- the electrolyte solution can be prepared, for example, by first dissolving the electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous solvent, and then dissolving other materials.
- the electrochemical device may be a capacitor.
- the capacitor may include an electrode group composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery case housing the electrode group, similarly to the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 described above. Details of each component of the capacitor may be the same as those of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1.
- Example 1 Lithium cobalt oxide (95% by mass) as a positive electrode active material, fibrous graphite (1% by mass) and acetylene black (AB) (1% by mass) as a conductive agent, and a binder (3% by mass) Were added sequentially and mixed. NMP as a dispersion medium was added to the obtained mixture and kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture. A predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to a 20 ⁇ m-thick aluminum foil as a positive electrode current collector. Thereafter, the dispersion medium was volatilized, and then pressed to a density of 3.6 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a positive electrode.
- a binder and carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener were added to graphite as a negative electrode active material.
- the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material: the binder: the thickener was 98: 1: 1.
- Water as a dispersion medium was added to the obtained mixture, and the mixture was kneaded to prepare a slurry negative electrode mixture.
- This negative electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied in a predetermined amount to a rolled copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m as a negative electrode current collector. Thereafter, the dispersion medium was volatilized, and then pressed to a density of 1.6 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode cut into a square of 13.5 cm 2 is sandwiched between polyethylene porous sheets (trade name: Hypore (registered trademark), manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, 30 ⁇ m in thickness) as a separator, and further a square of 14.3 cm 2 .
- the electrode group was prepared by overlapping the cut negative electrodes. This electrode group was housed in a container (battery exterior) formed of an aluminum laminate film (trade name: aluminum laminate film, manufactured by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.). Next, 1 mL of an electrolytic solution was added into the container, and the container was heat-sealed to produce a lithium ion secondary battery for evaluation.
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 was mixed with 1 mass% of vinylene carbonate (VC) based on the total amount of the mixed solution, and represented by the following formula (5).
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.8% by mass of compound A and 0.2% by mass of FEC (based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution) were added.
- Example 3 A lithium ion secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.2% by mass of Compound A and 0.8% by mass of FEC (based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution) were added.
- Example 4 lithium ion was added in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.5% by mass of compound B represented by the following formula (6) and 1.0% by mass of FEC (based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution) were added. A secondary battery was manufactured.
- Example 5 lithium ion was added in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.1% by mass of compound C represented by the following formula (7) and 1.0% by mass of FEC (based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution) were added. A secondary battery was manufactured.
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound A was not used and FEC was added in an amount of 1.0% by mass.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 in which the electrolytic solution containing the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate was used was the same as that of Comparative Example 1 in which the electrolytic solution containing neither Compound A nor the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate was used.
- the volume increase rate was larger than that of the lithium ion secondary battery. This is because the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is oxidatively decomposed in a high voltage (about 4.45 V) and high temperature (80 ° C.) environment to generate gas, or the decomposition product reacts with the electrolyte component to form a gas. Probably because it occurred.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 to which the electrolytic solution containing both the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate were applied were compared with the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Reference Example 1 in volume.
- the rate of increase was dramatically reduced, confirming the effect of suppressing expansion of the lithium ion secondary battery due to gas generation.
- the mechanism of this volume increase rate reduction is not necessarily clear, it is considered that the decomposition of the electrolytic solution or LiPF 6 was suppressed because a stable film was formed on the positive electrode or the negative electrode by the interaction of the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate. .
- the electrolyte solution or LiPF 6 was stabilized by the interaction of the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, and the decomposition of the electrolyte solution or LiPF 6 was suppressed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 including a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate and using an electrolyte solution containing no compound A was prepared using an electrolyte solution containing neither the compound A nor the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate.
- the capacity retention ratio was slightly better than that of the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 applied. It is considered that the capacity maintenance ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 was improved because the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate or the compound A formed a stable film on the positive electrode or the negative electrode and suppressed the decomposition of the electrolytic solution.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 to which the electrolytic solution containing both the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate are applied have a higher capacity retention ratio than the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It was good. Although the mechanism for improving the capacity retention rate is not necessarily clear, the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate act on the places where the effects are most likely to be exhibited in the lithium ion secondary battery, for example, to stabilize the positive electrode or the negative electrode. This is considered to have contributed to the formation of a thin film or stabilization of the electrolytic solution. Alternatively, it is probable that the interaction between the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate provided an effect of, for example, suppressing the decomposition of the electrolytic solution or LIPF 6 .
- the direct current resistance (discharge DCR) at the time of discharging was measured as follows. First, constant current charging at 0.2 C was performed up to an upper limit voltage of 4.45 V, and then constant voltage charging was performed at 4.45 V. The charge termination condition was a current value of 0.02C. Thereafter, a constant current discharge with a final voltage of 2.5 V was performed at a current value of 0.2 C. The current value at this time was I 0.2 C , and the voltage change 10 seconds after the start of discharge was ⁇ V 0.2 C.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 including a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate and using an electrolytic solution containing no compound A was prepared using an electrolytic solution containing neither the compound A nor the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate.
- the discharge DCR slightly decreased as compared with the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 to which the present invention was applied. It is considered that the discharge DCR of Comparative Example 1 was slightly lowered because the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate formed a stable coating on the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 to which the electrolytic solution containing both the compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate are applied have a further higher discharge DCR than the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Good (decreased).
- the mechanism of good discharge DCR in the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 is not necessarily clear, a stable and good ion conductive film is formed on the positive electrode or the negative electrode by the interaction of compound A and the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate. It is considered that LiPF 6 was stabilized by the formation or their interaction, and a decrease in the concentration of Li carrier due to decomposition of LiPF 6 was suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウム(95質量%)に、導電剤としての繊維状の黒鉛(1質量%)及びアセチレンブラック(AB)(1質量%)と、結着剤(3質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等かつ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度3.6g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
負極活物質としての黒鉛に、結着剤と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースとを添加した。これらの質量比については、負極活物質:結着剤:増粘剤=98:1:1とした。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としての水を添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の負極合剤を調製した。この負極合剤を負極集電体としての厚さ10μmの圧延銅箔に均等かつ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度1.6g/cm3まで圧密化して、負極を得た。
13.5cm2の四角形に切断した正極電極を、セパレータであるポリエチレン製多孔質シート(商品名:ハイポア(登録商標)、旭化成株式会社製、厚さ30μm)で挟み、更に14.3cm2の四角形に切断した負極を重ね合わせて電極群を作製した。この電極群を、アルミニウム製のラミネートフィルム(商品名:アルミラミネートフィルム、大日本印刷株式会社製)で形成された容器(電池外装体)に収容した。次いで、容器の中に電解液を1mL添加し、容器を熱溶着させ、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、混合溶液全量に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%と、下記式(5)で表される化合物Aを0.5質量%及び4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(フルオロエチレンカーボネート;FEC)を0.5質量%(電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例1において、化合物Aを0.8質量%及びFECを0.2質量%(電解液全量基準)添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1において、化合物Aを0.2質量%及びFECを0.8質量%(電解液全量基準)添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1において、化合物A及びFECを使用しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1において、化合物Aを使用せず、FECを1.0質量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1において、FECを使用せず、化合物Aを1.0質量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
作製したリチウムイオン電池について、以下に示す方法で初回充放電を実施した。まず、25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.45Vまで行い、続いて4.45Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。その後、0.1Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを3回繰り返した(電流値の単位として用いた「C」とは、「電流値(A)/電池容量(Ah)」を意味する。)。3サイクル目の放電容量をこの電池の容量Q1とした。
実施例1~5、比較例1~2、参考例1の各二次電池を、25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.45Vまで行い、続いて4.45Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。その後、それらの二次電池を80℃の恒温槽中で4時間保管した。
実施例1~5、比較例1~2、参考例1の各二次電池の体積をアルキメデス法に基づく比重計(電子比重計MDS-300、アルファミラージュ社製)により測定した。高温保存試験前の体積(V1)及び高温保存試験後25℃の環境下に30分間保持した二次電池の体積(V2)から、体積増加率を下記の式により算出した。結果を図3に示す。
体積増加率=V2/V1
80℃の恒温槽中で4時間保管した実施例1~5、及び比較例1~2の各二次電池を恒温槽から取り出し、25℃の環境下に30分間保持した後、0.1Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行った。この時の放電容量をQ2とした。上記Q1、Q2を用いて、容量維持率を下記の式を用いて算出した。結果を図4に示す。
容量維持率(%)=Q2/Q1×100
高温保存試験後の二次電池について、放電時の直流抵抗(放電DCR)を、以下のように測定した。
まず、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.45Vまで行い、続いて4.45Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。その後、0.2Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.2C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.2Cとした。次に、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.45Vまで行い、続いて4.45Vで定電圧充電を行った後(充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。)、0.5Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.5C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.5Cとした。同様の充放電から1Cの電流値をI1C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化ΔV1Cを評価した。その電流値-電圧変化の3点のプロット(I0.2C、ΔV0.2C)、(I0.5C、ΔV0.5C)、(I1C、ΔV1C)に最小二乗法を用いて一次近似直線を引き、その傾きを放電DCRの値とした。結果を図5に示す。
Claims (11)
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物1分子中のケイ素原子の数は1個である、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記R1~R3の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記フッ素含有環状カーボネートは、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オンである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物の含有量及び前記フッ素含有環状カーボネートの含有量の合計は、前記電解液全量を基準として10質量%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 正極と、負極と、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電解液と、を備える電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は炭素材料を含有する、請求項7に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記炭素材料は黒鉛を含有する、請求項8に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は、ケイ素及びスズからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含む材料を更に含有する、請求項8又は9に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記電気化学デバイスは、非水電解液二次電池又はキャパシタである、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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