WO2020019853A1 - 单双向铺砂装置 - Google Patents

单双向铺砂装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019853A1
WO2020019853A1 PCT/CN2019/088411 CN2019088411W WO2020019853A1 WO 2020019853 A1 WO2020019853 A1 WO 2020019853A1 CN 2019088411 W CN2019088411 W CN 2019088411W WO 2020019853 A1 WO2020019853 A1 WO 2020019853A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sand
way
plate
angle
laying device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/088411
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭凡
杨保
何捷军
徐云龙
王彦涛
Original Assignee
共享智能装备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 共享智能装备有限公司 filed Critical 共享智能装备有限公司
Priority to US16/617,517 priority Critical patent/US11524331B2/en
Publication of WO2020019853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019853A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/14—Equipment for storing or handling the dressed mould material, forming part of a plant for preparing such material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/52—Hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of 3D printers, and in particular, to a unidirectional and bidirectional sand laying device.
  • the material opening of the sand paving device used by the sand type 3D printing equipment is a straight opening method. Although it can ensure that the sand and the sand surface are compact, there is a serious sand leakage phenomenon during the printing process, which leads to an increase in printing costs and also causes The printed product has certain defects, and it is easy to cause insufficient sand supply for the sand mixing device, resulting in layered or even scrapped printed products.
  • the current sand laying devices all use sand to shake down.
  • the size of the sand feeding hole at the instant can not guarantee uniformity, which causes large differences in the weight and surface of printed products. Optimization and improvement of the existing problems in the material device, then the quality problems of the printing products of the material device in the entire 3D printing field will be solved.
  • this application provides a single and two-way sand laying device.
  • the purpose of this application includes designing a staggered discharge opening using the principle of stacking angle, so that the granular material accumulates into an inclined surface in the sand channel. When needed, the granular material slips off, and when it stops working, the granular material will not fall, preventing sand leakage.
  • a one-way and two-way sand laying device includes a blanking opening.
  • the blanking opening includes a lower plate and an upper plate.
  • the upper plate is disposed above the lower plate, and the endpoint of the free end of the upper plate is above the lower plate.
  • the angle between the plane where the endpoint of the free end of the plate and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle.
  • the granular material forms an inclined plane under the barrier of the upper and lower plates.
  • the angle between the same plane, that is, the inclined plane and the horizontal plane, is the leakage angle. Change the relative position of the upper plate and the lower plate to adjust the size of the leakage angle.
  • the plane where the endpoint of the free end of the upper plate and the endpoint of the free end of the lower plate are in the same plane means that the straight line where the endpoint of the free end of the upper plate and the endpoint of the free end of the lower plate lie within the aforementioned slope.
  • the material leakage angle is less than or equal to the static accumulation angle of the particulate material and greater than or equal to zero; in the one-way and two-way sand spreading device is in a moving working condition Next, the leakage angle is greater than or equal to the dynamic packing angle of the granular material;
  • the feeding opening has at least one, and the opening direction of the sand passing path between the upper plate and the lower plate is opposite to the moving direction of the sand laying work.
  • the feeding openings have at least two, and the adjacent two feeding openings are arranged symmetrically in a mirror image; the adjacent two feeding openings work alternately.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a lower sand tank, the lower material opening is disposed at a lower opening of the lower sand tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the lower sand tank, and, The other end of the lower plate extends downward for a distance and then is bent toward the inside of the lower sand groove to form a bent section of the lower plate; the upper plate is a flat plate, and both ends of the upper plate and the Lower sand tank connection.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a lower sand tank, the lower material opening is disposed at a lower opening of the lower sand tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the lower sand tank, and, The other end of the lower plate extends downward for a distance and is bent toward the inside of the lower sand groove to form a bent section of the lower plate; one end of the upper plate is fixedly connected to the lower sand groove, and the lower The other end of the sand trough extends downward for a distance and then bends to the inside of the lower sand trough to form a bent section of the upper plate.
  • the included angle between the bent section of the upper plate and the horizontal plane is 0 ° -45 °.
  • the included angle between the bent section of the lower plate and the horizontal plane is 0 ° -45 °.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a sand pressing plate, and each of the feeding openings corresponds to one of the sand pressing plates, or each two adjacent feeding openings correspond to one of the pressing plates.
  • Sand plate; the sand pressing plate is horizontally arranged at one side of the feeding opening, and the sand pressing plate is located below the lower plate, and the end of the sand pressing plate near the feeding opening The chamfered ends are rounded.
  • the sand pressing plate is downstream of the corresponding feeding opening, and the falling particulate material is about to be compacted.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a sand storage device, the sand storage device includes a sand storage bin and a screen, and at least one lower sand tank is provided at the lower part of the sand storage bin, The upper openings of the lower sand tank are respectively provided with the screens.
  • the lower sand chute is arranged along the long axis of the unidirectional sand laying device, and the area of the horizontal cross section of the lower sand chute decreases from top to bottom.
  • the sand storage device further includes a shunt plate and a screw propelling device.
  • the screw propelling device is provided in the middle of the sand storage bin, and the shunt plate is provided in the middle of the lower opening of the sand storage bin.
  • Corresponding lower sand grooves are respectively provided on two sides of the diverter plate.
  • the diverter plate is a herringbone-shaped diverter plate whose intermediate axis extends along the long axis of the one-way and two-way sand laying device.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a vibration device, a main beam, a side beam, and a flexible sealing strip.
  • the sand storage bin is disposed on the main beam, and the side beam is disposed on the main beam.
  • a lower part, and a vibration device and a lower sand tank are provided on the side beam; an upper opening of the lower sand tank is provided below a lower opening of the sand storage bin; and the lower sand tank and the sand storage tank
  • the gap between the bins is closed by the flexible sealing strip to form a closed sand-passing path;
  • the vibration device is installed on one side of the lower sand tank, and the vibration device is configured to drive the lower sand tank along the up and down and Shake in both directions.
  • the gap between the lower sand tank and the sand storage bin is closed by the flexible sealing strip, that is, one end of the flexible sealing strip is tightly connected to the lower opening of the sand storage bin, and the other end is open to the upper sand tank. Sealed and fixed connection.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a mounting plate and a pin, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the lower sand groove, one end of the lower plate is hinged with the mounting plate, and the mounting plate An angle scale is provided on the upper side, and a plurality of pin positioning holes are provided on the mounting plate, and two sides of one end of the lower plate are fixed to the mounting plate by the pin.
  • one end of one of the lower plates and one end of the other lower plate are combined to form a figure-eight shape, and one end of one of the lower plates and the other one of the lower plates
  • a spring is disposed between one end of the plate, and the spring is configured to make the single- and two-way sand laying device in a moving working condition, and the size of the material leakage angle does not change.
  • the single- and two-way sand spreading device uses the principle of stacking angle to design a staggered discharge opening, so that the granular material accumulates into an inclined plane in the lowering channel, and the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane It is the material leakage angle.
  • the opening direction of the sand passing path is opposite to the movement direction during sand laying work. That is to say, when the sand laying work is stopped, the material leakage angle is less than or equal to the static accumulation angle of the granular material and greater than or equal to zero. It also ensures that the granular material will not slide down and eliminate the phenomenon of sand leakage.
  • the material leakage angle is greater than or equal to the dynamic accumulation angle of the granular material, which also ensures that the granular material will slide down the slope, and In this application, the sand laying is relatively uniform, and a large amount of material will not be cut suddenly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single and two-way sand laying device.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single and two-way sand laying device.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first type of feeding opening of a single-direction and double-direction sand laying device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second type of feeding opening of the single-direction and double-direction sand laying device.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third type of feeding opening of the single-direction and double-direction sand laying device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a lower plate installation structure of a lower material opening of a single-direction sand laying device.
  • the feeding opening 10 the lower plate 11, the upper plate 12, the leakage angle 13, the sand pressing plate 20, the sand storage device 30, the sand storage bin 31, the lower sand tank 32, the screen 33, the manifold 34, the spiral Propulsion device 35, vibration device 40, main beam 50, side beam 60, flexible sealing strip 70; 80-mounting plate; 81-pin positioning hole; 90-pin; 100-spring.
  • the slope of the pile when the granular material is naturally stacked that is, the angle between the pile and the horizontal plane, is called the pile angle
  • the pile angle in the static state is called the static pile angle.
  • the sand laying device In dynamic, such as when the sand laying device starts to move, the sand laying device
  • the accumulation angle of the particulate material is called the dynamic accumulation angle.
  • the general dynamic stacking angle is 70% of the static stacking angle.
  • the one-way and two-way sand spreading device includes a feeding port 10, and the feeding port 10 includes a lower plate 11 and an upper plate 12.
  • the plate 12 is arranged above the lower plate 11, the angle between the end point of the free end of the upper plate 12 and the end point of the free end of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle 13, and the particulate material is accumulated between the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11.
  • the granular material forms an inclined plane under the barrier of the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11, and the plane of the inclined plane is at the same plane as the end point of the free end of the upper plate 12 and the end point of the free end of the lower plate 11, that is, the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is For the missing angle 13, the relative position of the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11 is changed to adjust the size of the missing angle 13.
  • the plane where the end point of the free end of the upper plate 12 and the end point of the free end of the lower plate 11 is the same plane means that the straight line of the end point of the free end of the upper plate 12 and the end point of the free end of the lower plate 11 is within the above-mentioned inclined plane.
  • the material leakage angle 13 when the single- and two-way sand-laying device is in a stationary working condition, the material leakage angle 13 is less than or equal to a static accumulation angle of granular material and greater than or equal to zero; Under moving conditions, the material leakage angle 13 is greater than or equal to the dynamic packing angle of the granular material.
  • the stacking angle is the physical property of the granular material. Different granular materials have different stacking angles, so the leakage angle 13 should be adjusted according to the different granular materials.
  • the size of the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11 is changed. The relative position can be adjusted in many ways by adjusting the size of the leakage angle 13.
  • the size of the leakage angle 13 can be adjusted by adjusting the upper plate 12 or the lower plate 11 simultaneously or separately.
  • the adjustment method of the upper plate 12 or the lower plate 11 can be realized by sliding up and down, rotary motion, linear drive and mechanical limit, that is, setting the drive limit, stroke and adding mechanical hard limit in the program
  • the angle between the straight line of the end point of the free end of the upper plate 12 and the end of the free end of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane is adjusted to the leakage angle 13 , To achieve the purpose of the sand spreader does not leak sand.
  • the feeding opening 10 has at least one, and the specific structure of each feeding opening 10 can be referred to FIG. 4.
  • the opening direction of the sand passing path between the upper plate 12 and the lower plate 11 is opposite to the moving direction of the sand laying work.
  • the two unloading ports work alternately, that is, when moving in one direction, only one unloading port performs the unloading work.
  • the setting of the above direction is very important, because only when the structure with the opposite direction is set, can the sand laying device be in a static working condition, because the dynamic stacking angle is changed to a static stacking angle, the particulate material can be completely leak-proof; At the start, due to the change from the static accumulation angle to the dynamic accumulation angle, the sand leakage began quickly and uniformly, and there was no hysteresis. This way can prevent sand leakage, especially when the state of static and dynamic changes.
  • At least two feeding openings 10 are provided, and two adjacent feeding openings 10 are arranged symmetrically in a mirror image; two adjacent feeding openings 10 work alternately, That is, when moving in one direction, there is only one unloading port 10 for unloading.
  • two feeding openings 10 are mirror-symmetrical to realize bidirectional sand laying.
  • the two feeding openings 10 work alternately, that is, there is only one feeding opening 10 when moving in one direction. Do sand work.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a lower sand groove 32, and the lower material opening 10 is disposed at a lower opening of the corresponding lower sand groove 32. Office.
  • the feeding opening 10 is specifically: one end of the lower plate 11 is fixedly connected or hinged or slidingly connected with the lower sand groove 32, and the other end of the lower plate 11 extends downward for a distance and then sands downward.
  • the inner part of the groove is bent to form a bent section of the lower plate 11; preferably, the lower plate 11 is bent horizontally to the inside of the sand groove, and the included angle between the bent section of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane is 0 ° to 45 °;
  • the included angle between the bent section of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane is, but is not limited to, 0 ° or 15 ° or 25 ° or 30 ° or 45 °.
  • the upper plate 12 is a flat plate, and both ends of the upper plate 12 are fixedly connected or hinged or slidably connected with the lower sand groove 32. The endpoint of the free end of the upper plate 12 is above the lower plate 11.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a lower sand groove 32, and the lower material opening 10 is disposed at a lower opening of the corresponding lower sand groove 32.
  • the feeding opening 10 is specifically: one end of the lower plate 11 is fixedly connected or hinged or slidingly connected with the lower sand groove 32, and the other end of the lower plate 11 extends downward for a distance and then downwards.
  • the inner part of the sand groove is bent to form a bent section of the lower plate 11.
  • the included angle between the bent section of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane is 0 ° to 45 °; for example, the bent section of the lower plate 11 and the horizontal plane The angle is, but is not limited to, 0 ° or 15 ° or 25 ° or 30 ° or 45 °.
  • One end of the upper plate 12 is fixedly connected to the lower sand groove 32, and the other end of the upper plate 12 extends downward for a distance and then is bent down to form a bent section of the upper plate 12, preferably, the upper plate 12
  • the angle between the bending section and the horizontal plane is 0 ° ⁇ 45 °.
  • the angle between the bending section of the upper plate 12 and the horizontal plane is, but is not limited to, 0 ° or 15 ° or 25 ° or 30 ° or 45 °;
  • the plate 12 is fixedly connected or hinged or slidably connected with the lower sand groove 32.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a sand pressing plate 20, and the sand pressing plate 20 corresponds to the feeding opening 10 one by one, and each feeding opening 10 corresponds to a sand pressing plate 20, or every two adjacent feeding openings 10 corresponds to a sand pressing plate 20, the sand pressing plate 20 is horizontally disposed on one side of the cutting opening 10, and the sand pressing plate 20 is located on the lower plate 11 Below, the chamfered end of the end of the sand pressing plate 20 near the feeding opening 10 is rounded.
  • the sand pressing plate 20 is downstream of the corresponding feeding opening 10, and the falling particulate material is to be compacted. .
  • the chamfered end is designed to be a rounded corner instead of a right angle, thereby avoiding the serious sand pushing that the right angle chamfer has, which affects the process, and achieves a good sand pressing effect.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a sand storage device 30.
  • the sand storage device 30 includes a sand storage silo 31, a lower sand trough 32, and a screen 33. , Shunt plate 34 and auger 35.
  • the middle of the sand storage bin 31 is provided with a screw propelling device 35, and the middle of the lower opening of the sand storage bin 31 is provided with a shunt plate 34.
  • the two sides of the shunt plate 34 are respectively provided with corresponding lower sand grooves 32, that is, the lower portion of the sand storage bin 31
  • Two lower sand tanks 32 are provided.
  • the lower sand tank 32 is provided with a feed opening 10 at the lower part, and a screen 33 is provided at the upper opening of the lower sand tank 32.
  • the lower sand groove 32 is arranged along the long axis of the sand laying device, and the horizontal cross-sectional area decreases from top to bottom.
  • the shunt plate is a herringbone shape with an intermediate shaft extending along the long axis of the one-way and two-way sand laying device.
  • the unidirectional and bidirectional sand laying device further includes a vibration device 40, a main beam 50, a side beam 60, and a flexible sealing strip 70.
  • the sand storage bin 31 is disposed on the main beam 50, the side beam 60 is disposed on the lower portion of the main beam 50, and a vibration device 40 and a lower sand tank 32 are provided on the side beam 60, and the upper opening of the lower sand tank 32 is provided Below the lower opening of the sand storage bin 31, a gap between the lower sand tank 32 and the sand storage bin 31 is closed by a flexible sealing strip 70, that is, one end of the flexible sealing strip 70 is below the sand storage bin 31.
  • the opening is sealed and fixedly connected, and the other end is sealed and fixedly connected to the opening of the lower sand groove 32 to form a closed sand-passing path;
  • the vibration device 40 is installed on one side of the lower sand groove 32, and the vibration device 40 is configured to drive the lower sand groove 32 along the upper and lower sides. And shaking in both directions.
  • the vibrating device 40 makes the sand dropping speed faster and more uniform. In combination with the sand pressing plate 20, the effect of the sand pressing plate 20 is more significant. The vibration of the front and back and the up and down makes the sand pressing plate 20 compact the granular material, thereby realizing the compactness of the sand surface. To ensure the quality of printed products.
  • the sand storage bin 31 and the lower sand tank 32 are fixed separately.
  • the vibration device 40 only shakes the lower sand tank 32.
  • the flexible sealing strip 70 on the one hand ensures the sealing of the passage, and on the other hand plays a buffer function, so that the vibration will not come from the lower sand tank. 32 is transferred to the sand storage bin 31, because if the sand storage bin 31 is constantly vibrated, the granular material therein will be more compact and difficult to discharge.
  • the screen 33 is added because the sand in the storage bin 31 sometimes has agglomeration problems. If it reaches the discharge port 10, it will block the sand and form faults, affecting the core structure.
  • the screen 33 is added to solve the problem. It solves the problem of agglomeration of large particles of material blocking the discharge port 10, and also uses the vibration device 40 to crush the agglomeration of large particles of material on the screen 33, on the other hand, it also plays the role of throttling and mixing. After the material falls from the sand storage bin 31, the sieve 33 blocks the falling particulate material for a short time. With the help of the vibration device 40, the granular material is mixed to make the granular material in the lower sand tank 32 more uniform.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device further includes a mounting plate 80 and a pin 90.
  • the mounting plate 80 is fixedly connected to the lower sand groove 32.
  • One end of the lower plate 11 is hinged to the mounting plate 80.
  • An angular scale is provided on the upper plate, and a plurality of pin positioning holes 81 are provided on the mounting plate 80. Both sides of one end of the lower plate 11 are fixed to the mounting plate 80 by the pin 90.
  • the rotation angle of the lower plate can be adjusted and controlled through the angle scale, and the adjustment process is convenient and accurate.
  • FIG. 8 there are two blanking openings 10, one end of one lower plate 11 is combined with one end of another lower plate 11 to form a figure-eight shape, and one end of one lower plate 11 and the other lower plate 11
  • a spring 100 is disposed between one end of the spring 100, and the spring 100 is configured so that the unidirectional and bidirectional sand laying device is in a moving working condition, and the size of the leakage angle 13 is unchanged.
  • two sets of vibration devices 40 may be provided, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower sand tank, and are fixedly connected to the side beam 60, so that the vibration is more uniform.
  • the sand pressing plate 20 can be fixedly connected to the upper plate 12 as a one-piece structure, and the end of the sand pressing plate 20 facing the lower plate 11 and the lower plate 11 protrude from the vertical end surface of the measuring beam 60.
  • the main beam 50 A reinforcing rib is provided between the measuring beam 60 and the flexible sealing strip 70.
  • One end of the flexible sealing strip 70 is sealed and fixedly connected to the lower opening of the sand storage bin 31, and the other end is sealed and fixedly connected to the opening of the lower sand groove 32 and formed into an arc shape.
  • the one-way and two-way sand laying device uses the principle of stacking angle to design a staggered feeding port 10 so that the granular material accumulates into a slope in the channel of the sand, and the angle between the slope and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle. 13.
  • the opening direction of the sand-passing path is opposite to the movement direction during the sand-laying work.
  • the material leakage angle 13 is less than or equal to the static accumulation angle of the granular material, and is greater than or equal to zero, thereby ensuring the granular material. It will not slide down and eliminate the phenomenon of sand leakage.
  • the material leakage angle 13 is greater than or equal to the dynamic stacking angle of the granular material, which ensures that the granular material will slide down the slope, and the sand laying in this application It is more uniform and will not suddenly be cut in large quantities.
  • a unidirectional and bidirectional sand-laying device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a blanking opening.
  • the blanking opening includes a lower plate and an upper plate.
  • the upper plate is disposed above the lower plate.
  • the angle between the horizontal plane and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle, that is, the granular material forms an inclined plane between the upper and lower plates.
  • the angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle. Change the relative position of the upper and lower plates to Adjust the size of the material leakage angle.
  • the opening direction of the sand passing path is opposite to the movement direction during the sand laying work.
  • the material leakage angle is less than or equal to the static accumulation angle of the granular material and greater than or equal to zero, which guarantees the particles.
  • the material will not slide down to prevent sand leakage.
  • the material leakage angle is greater than or equal to the dynamic accumulation angle of the granular material, which ensures that the granular material will slide down the slope, and the sand laying in this application is relatively Uniform, with industrial applicability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种单双向铺砂装置，包括下料口(10)，下料口包括下板(11)和上板(12)，上板设置在下板的上方，上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在直线与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角(13)，即颗粒材料在上板和下板之间形成一个斜面，斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角，改变上板和下板相对位置以调节漏料角大小。过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作时的运动方向相反，铺砂工作停止时，漏料角小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零，也就保证了颗粒材料不会滑下，杜绝了漏砂现象；在铺砂工作进行时，漏料角大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角，也就保证了颗粒材料会沿斜面滑下，并且铺砂较为均匀。

Description

单双向铺砂装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年07月23日提交中国专利局的申请号为201810812221.7、名称为“单双向铺砂装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及3D打印机领域，尤其涉及一种单双向铺砂装置。
背景技术
目前砂型3D打印设备所使用的铺砂装置的下料口是直开口方式，虽然能保证下砂和砂面紧实，但在打印过程中存在严重的漏砂现象，导致打印成本增加，也造成打印出的产品存在一定的缺陷，而且容易造成混砂装置供砂不足，导致打印产品分层甚至报废。
另一方面，目前的铺砂装置均是利用振动下砂，这种下料口在瞬间下砂量的大小不能保证均匀，导致打印产品重量和表面等差异很大，如果能针对以上现有铺料装置存在的问题进行优化和改进，那么整个3D打印领域内的铺料装置打印产品质量问题将迎刃而解。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本申请提供一种单双向铺砂装置，本申请的目的包括利用堆积角原理，设计一个交错布置的下料口，使得颗粒材料在下沙通路中堆积成一个斜面，在需要的时候颗粒材料滑落，停止工作的时候，颗粒材料不会下落，杜绝漏砂现象。
本申请解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种单双向铺砂装置，包括下料口，下料口包括下板和上板，上板设置在下板的上方，且上板自由端的端点位于下板的上方，上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在平面与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角，颗粒材料在上板和下板的阻隔作用下形成一个斜面，斜面与上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在平面为同一平面，即斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角，改变上板和下板相对位置以调节漏料角大小。
其中，上述斜面与上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在平面为同一平面是指：上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在直线处于上述斜面内。
可选地，在所述单双向铺砂装置处于静止工况下，所述漏料角小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零；在所述单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，所述漏料角大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角；
所述下料口具有至少一个，所述上板和所述下板之间的过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作的运动方向相反。
可选地，所述下料口具有至少两个，且，相邻的两个所述下料口镜像对称布置；相邻 的两个所述下料口交替工作。
即往一个方向运动时，仅有一个下料口进行下砂工作。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽，所述下料口设置在所述下砂槽的下开口处，所述下板的一端与所述下砂槽连接，且，所述下板的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板的弯折段；所述上板为一平板，且所述上板的两端与所述下砂槽连接。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽，所述下料口设置在所述下砂槽的下开口处，所述下板的一端与所述下砂槽连接，且，所述下板的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板的弯折段；所述上板的一端与所述下砂槽固定连接，且所述下砂槽的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成上板的弯折段。
可选地，所述上板的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°。
可选地，所述下板的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括压砂板，每个所述下料口对应一个所述压砂板，或者，每两个相邻的所述下料口对应一个所述压砂板；所述压砂板水平设置在所述下料口的一侧，且，所述压砂板位于所述下板的下方，所述压砂板的靠近所述下料口的一端的端部倒角为圆角。
铺砂工作进行时，压砂板在对应的下料口下游，即将下落的颗粒材料压实。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括储砂装置，所述储砂装置包括储砂仓和筛网，在所述储砂仓的下部设置有至少一个下砂槽，在各个所述下砂槽的上开口分别设置所述筛网。
可选地，所述下砂槽沿所述单双向铺砂装置的长轴布置，且所述下砂槽的水平剖面的面积由上至下递减。
可选地，所述储砂装置还包括分流板和螺旋推进装置，在所述储砂仓的中部设置所述螺旋推进装置，在所述储砂仓下开口的中部设置所述分流板，所述分流板的两侧分别设置有对应的下砂槽。
可选地，所述分流板为中间轴沿所述单双向铺砂装置的长轴延伸的人字形分流板。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括震动装置、主梁、侧梁以及柔性密封条，所述储砂仓设置在所述主梁上，所述侧梁设置在所述主梁的下部，且，在所述侧梁上设置有震动装置和下砂槽，所述下砂槽的上开口设置在所述储砂仓的下开口的下方，所述下砂槽和所述储砂仓之间的缝隙由所述柔性密封条封闭，形成封闭的过砂通路；所述震动装置安装在所述下砂槽的一侧，所述震动装置配置成带动所述下砂槽沿上下和前后两个方向震动。
其中，所述下砂槽和所述储砂仓之间的缝隙由所述柔性密封条封闭，即柔性密封条的一端与储砂仓下开口密封固定连接，且另一端与下砂槽上开口密封固定连接。
可选地，所述单双向铺砂装置还包括安装板和销轴，所述安装板与所述下砂槽固定连接，所述下板的一端与所述安装板铰接，在所述安装板上设置有角度刻度，且，在所述安装板上设置有多个销轴定位孔，所述下板的一端的两侧被所述销轴卡固于所述安装板上。
可选地，所述下料口具有两个，一个所述下板的一端与另一个所述下板的一端组合形成八字形，且，在一个所述下板的一端与另一个所述下板的一端之间设置有弹簧，所述弹簧配置成使所述单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，所述漏料角的大小不变。
由上述技术方案可知，本申请提供的单双向铺砂装置，利用堆积角原理，设计一个交错布置的下料口，使得颗粒材料在下沙通路中堆积成一个斜面，斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角，过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作时的运动方向相反，也就是说铺砂工作停止时，所述漏料角小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零，也就保证了颗粒材料不会滑下，杜绝了漏砂现象，在铺砂工作进行时，漏料角大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角，也就保证了颗粒材料会沿斜面滑下，并且，本申请铺砂较为均匀，不会忽然大量下料。
附图说明
附图1是单双向铺砂装置的整体结构示意图。
附图2是单双向铺砂装置的剖视图。
附图3是附图2的局部放大图。
附图4是附图3的局部放大图。
附图5是单双向铺砂装置的第一种下料口的结构示意图。
附图6是单双向铺砂装置的第二种下料口的结构示意图。
附图7是单双向铺砂装置的第三种下料口的结构示意图。
附图8是单双向铺砂装置的下料口的一种下板安装结构示意图。
图中：下料口10、下板11、上板12、漏料角13、压砂板20、储砂装置30、储砂仓31、下砂槽32、筛网33、分流板34、螺旋推进装置35、震动装置40、主梁50、侧梁60、柔性密封条70；80-安装板；81-销轴定位孔；90-销轴；100-弹簧。
具体实施方式
结合本申请的附图，对发明实施例的技术方案做进一步的详细阐述。
颗粒材料自然堆积时料堆的坡度，即料堆与水平面夹角，称为堆积角，在静态时的堆积角称为静态堆积角，在动态时，例如铺砂装置开始运动时，铺砂装置上的颗粒材料的堆积角称为动态堆积角。一般动态堆积角为静态堆积角的70％。
本实施例提供了一种单双向铺砂装置，参照图4，结合图1至图3，该单双向铺砂装置包括下料口10，下料口10包括下板11和上板12，上板12设置在下板11的上方，上板12 自由端的端点和下板11自由端的端点所在直线与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角13，颗粒材料在上板12和下板11之间堆积，颗粒材料在上板12和下板11的阻隔作用下形成一个斜面，斜面与上板12自由端的端点和下板11自由端的端点所在平面为同一平面，即斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角13，改变所述上板12和所述下板11相对位置以调节漏料角13大小。
其中，上述斜面与上板12自由端的端点和下板11自由端的端点所在平面为同一平面是指：上板12自由端的端点和下板11自由端的端点所在直线处于上述斜面内。
可选地，参照图4，在该单双向铺砂装置处于静止工况下，所述漏料角13小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零；在该单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，漏料角13大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角。堆积角是颗粒材料的物理性质，不同颗粒材料，堆积角自然不同，所以漏料角13要根据不同颗粒材料来调节漏料角13的大小，改变所述上板12和所述下板11的相对位置以调节漏料角13大小的方式很多，可以通过对上板12或者下板11同时或者分别进行上下和左右的调整，以改变漏料角13的大小，保证满足不同颗粒材料堆积角的需要，具体来说上板12或者下板11的调节方式可为上下滑动、旋转运动、直线驱动和机械限位等方式实现，即在程序中设定驱动限位、行程和添加机械硬限位等方式，是通过安装驱动装置、旋转机构和安装机械硬限位的结构，实现上板12自由端的端点和下板11自由端的端点所在直线与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角13的调节，达到铺砂器不漏砂的目的。
可选地，下料口10具有至少一个，各个下料口10的具体结构可参照图4，上板12和下板11之间的过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作的运动方向相反。两个下料口交替工作，即往一个方向运动时，仅有一个下料口进行下砂工作。
上述方向的设置很重要，因为只有设置上述方向相反的结构，才能使得铺砂装置处于静止工况下，因由动态堆积角转变成静态堆积角，使颗粒材料能完全不漏；同时使铺砂装置启动时，因由静态堆积角转变成动态堆积角，而迅速开始均匀漏砂，不存在滞后现象。这种方式才能杜绝漏砂，尤其是静动状态转变的时候。
可选地，在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，设置下料口10具有至少两个，且，相邻两个下料口10镜像对称布置；相邻两个下料口10交替工作，即往一个方向运动时，仅有一个下料口10进行下砂工作。例如，参照图2至图4，使下料口10具有镜像对称的两个，从而实现双向铺砂，两个下料口10交替工作，即往一个方向运动时，仅有一个下料口10进行下砂工作。
可选地，参照图2和图3，在上述实施例的基础上，使该单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽32，所述下料口10设置在对应的下砂槽32的下开口处。
具体地，可参照图7，下料口10具体为：下板11的一端与下砂槽32固定连接或铰接或者滑动连接，且，下板11的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板11的弯折段；优选的，下板11向下砂槽的内部水平弯折，且下板11的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°；例如，下板11的弯折段与水平面的夹角为但不限于为0°或15°或25°或30°或45°。
上板12为一平板，且上板12的两端与下砂槽32固定连接或铰接或者滑动连接，上板12自由端的端点在下板11的上方。
可选地，参照图2和图3，在上述实施例的基础上，该单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽32，所述下料口10设置在对应的下砂槽32的下开口处。
具体地，参照图5和图6，下料口10具体为：下板11的一端与下砂槽32固定连接或铰接或者滑动连接，且下板11的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板11的弯折段，优选的，下板11的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°；例如，下板11的弯折段与水平面的夹角为但不限于为0°或15°或25°或30°或45°。
上板12的一端与下砂槽32固定连接，且上板12的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向下砂槽的内部弯折形成上板12的弯折段，优选的，上板12的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°，例如，上板12的弯折段与水平面的夹角为但不限于为0°或15°或25°或30°或45°；上板12与下砂槽32固定连接或铰接或者滑动连接。
可选地，参照图2至图7，在上述实施例的基础上，该单双向铺砂装置还包括压砂板20，压砂板20与下料口10一一对应，每个下料口10对应一个压砂板20，或每两个相邻的下料口10对应一个压砂板20，压砂板20水平设置在下料口10的一侧，且，压砂板20位于下板11的下方，压砂板20的靠近下料口10的一端的端部倒角为圆角，铺砂工作进行时，压砂板20在对应的下料口10下游，即将下落的颗粒材料压实。
其中，将端部倒角设计为圆角，以代替直角，从而避免直角倒角具有的推砂严重，影响工艺的问题，达到很好的压砂效果。
可选地，参照图1至图3，在上述实施例的基础上，该单双向铺砂装置还包括储砂装置30，储砂装置30包括储砂仓31、下砂槽32、筛网33、分流板34和螺旋推进装置35。
储砂仓31的中部设置有螺旋推进装置35，储砂仓31下开口的中部设置有沿分流板34，分流板34的两侧分别设置有对应的下砂槽32，即储砂仓31下部设置有两个下砂槽32，下砂槽32下部设置有下料口10，下砂槽32的上开口设置有筛网33。下砂槽32沿铺砂装置长轴布置，且水平剖面面积由上至下递减，即为锥形，方便下砂。
可选地，参照图2和图3，该分流板为中间轴沿该单双向铺砂装置的长轴延伸的人字形。
可选地，参照图2和图3，该单双向铺砂装置还包括震动装置40、主梁50、侧梁60 以及柔性密封条70。
储砂仓31设置在主梁50上，侧梁60设置在主梁50的下部，且，在侧梁60上设置有震动装置40和下砂槽32，所述下砂槽32的上开口设置在所述储砂仓31的下开口的下方，所述下砂槽32和所述储砂仓31之间的缝隙由柔性密封条70封闭，即柔性密封条70的一端与储砂仓31下开口密封固定连接，且另一端与下砂槽32上开口密封固定连接，形成封闭的过砂通路；震动装置40安装在下砂槽32的一侧，震动装置40配置成带动下砂槽32沿上下和前后两个方向震动。
震动装置40使得下砂速度更快，更均匀，结合压砂板20，使得压砂板20效果更加显著，前后上下的震动，让压砂板20压紧颗粒材料，实现了砂面的紧实，保证了打印产品的质量。
储砂仓31和下砂槽32分开固定，震动装置40仅仅震动下砂槽32，柔性密封条70一方面保证了通路的密封，另一方面起到了缓冲作用，使得震动不会从下砂槽32传到储砂仓31中，因为储砂仓31要是经常震动，会使得其中的颗粒材料更加紧实，不易于下料。
添加了筛网33，是因为储砂仓31中的沙子有时候存在结块问题，如果到达了下料口10就阻挡下砂，形成断层，影响砂芯结构，增加了筛网33一方面解决了大块颗粒材料结块堵住下料口10的问题，同时还借助震动装置40，在筛网33上粉碎大块颗粒材料结块，另一方面还起到了节流混匀的目的，颗粒材料从储砂仓31落下之后，筛网33短时间内阻挡了落下的颗粒材料，借助震动装置40，混匀颗粒材料，使得下砂槽32中的颗粒材料更均匀。
可选地，参照图8，该单双向铺砂装置还包括安装板80和销轴90，安装板80与下砂槽32固定连接，下板11的一端与安装板80铰接，在安装板80上设置有角度刻度，且，在安装板80上设置有多个销轴定位孔81，下板11的一端的两侧被销轴90卡固于安装板80上。
从而，可通过角度刻度对下板的旋转角度进行调整控制，调整过程方便精准。
可选地，参照图8，下料口10具有两个，一个下板11的一端与另一个下板11的一端组合形成八字形，且，在一个下板11的一端与另一个下板11的一端之间设置有弹簧100，弹簧100配置成使单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，漏料角13的大小不变。
另外，如图3所示，在本实施例中，可设置震动装置40具有两组，分设于下砂槽的两侧，且，与侧梁60固定连接，从而，使震动更加均匀，另外，压砂板20可与上板12固定连接为一体式结构，且，压砂板20的朝向下板11的一端朝向下板11伸出测梁60的竖直端面设置，另外，在主梁50与测梁60之间设置有加强肋板；柔性密封条70一端与储砂仓31下开口密封固定连接，且另一端与下砂槽32上开口密封固定连接后形成为弧形。
本申请提供的单双向铺砂装置，利用堆积角原理，设计一个交错布置的下料口10，使得颗粒材料在下沙通路中堆积成一个斜面，斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角13，过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作时的运动方向相反，铺砂工作停止时，所述漏料角13小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零，也就保证了颗粒材料不会滑下，杜绝了漏砂现象，在铺砂工作进行时，漏料角13大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角，也就保证了颗粒材料会沿斜面滑下，并且，本申请铺砂较为均匀，不会忽然大量下料。
工业实用性
本申请实施例提供的一种单双向铺砂装置，包括下料口，下料口包括下板和上板，上板设置在下板的上方，上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在直线与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角，即颗粒材料在上板和下板之间形成一个斜面，斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角，改变上板和下板相对位置以调节漏料角大小，过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作时的运动方向相反，铺砂工作停止时，漏料角小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零，也就保证了颗粒材料不会滑下，杜绝了漏砂现象，在铺砂工作进行时，漏料角大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角，也就保证了颗粒材料会沿斜面滑下，且本申请铺砂较为均匀，具有工业实用性。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：包括下料口，下料口包括下板和上板，上板设置在下板的上方，且上板自由端的端点位于下板的上方，上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在平面与水平面之间的夹角为漏料角，颗粒材料在上板和下板的阻隔作用下形成一个斜面，斜面与上板自由端的端点和下板自由端的端点所在平面为同一平面，即斜面与水平面之间的夹角即为漏料角，改变上板和下板相对位置以调节漏料角大小。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：在所述单双向铺砂装置处于静止工况下，所述漏料角小于或者等于颗粒材料的静态堆积角，且大于或者等于零；在所述单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，所述漏料角大于或者等于颗粒材料的动态堆积角；
    所述下料口具有至少一个，所述上板和所述下板之间的过砂通路开口方向与铺砂工作的运动方向相反。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述下料口具有至少两个，且，相邻两个所述下料口镜像对称布置；相邻两个所述下料口交替工作。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽，所述下料口设置在所述下砂槽的下开口处，所述下板的一端与所述下砂槽连接，且，所述下板的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板的弯折段；
    所述上板为一平板，且所述上板的两端与所述下砂槽连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双向铺砂装置还包括下砂槽，所述下料口设置在所述下砂槽的下开口处，所述下板的一端与所述下砂槽连接，且，所述下板的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成下板的弯折段；
    所述上板的一端与所述下砂槽固定连接，且所述上板的另一端向下延伸一段距离后向所述下砂槽的内部弯折形成上板的弯折段。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述上板的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°。
  7. 根据权利要求4～6中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述下板的弯折段与水平面的夹角为0°～45°。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双 向铺砂装置还包括压砂板，每个所述下料口对应一个所述压砂板，或者，每两个相邻的所述下料口对应一个所述压砂板；
    所述压砂板水平设置在所述下料口的一侧，且，所述压砂板位于所述下板的下方，所述压砂板的靠近所述下料口的一端的端部倒角为圆角。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双向铺砂装置还包括储砂装置，所述储砂装置包括储砂仓和筛网，在所述储砂仓的下部设置有至少一个下砂槽，在各个所述下砂槽的上开口分别设置所述筛网。
  10. 根据权利要求5～7或9中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述下砂槽沿所述单双向铺砂装置的长轴布置，且所述下砂槽的水平剖面的面积由上至下递减。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：
    所述储砂装置还包括分流板和螺旋推进装置，
    在所述储砂仓的中部设置所述螺旋推进装置，在所述储砂仓下开口的中部设置所述分流板，所述分流板的两侧分别设置有对应的下砂槽。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述分流板为中间轴沿所述单双向铺砂装置的长轴延伸的人字形分流板。
  13. 根据权利要求9、11～12中任意一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双向铺砂装置还包括震动装置、主梁、侧梁以及柔性密封条，
    所述储砂仓设置在所述主梁上，所述侧梁设置在所述主梁的下部，且，在所述侧梁上设置有震动装置和下砂槽，所述下砂槽的上开口设置在所述储砂仓的下开口的下方，所述下砂槽和所述储砂仓之间的缝隙由所述柔性密封条封闭，形成封闭的过砂通路；所述震动装置安装在所述下砂槽的一侧，所述震动装置配置成带动所述下砂槽沿上下和前后两个方向震动。
  14. 根据权利要求5～13中任一项所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述单双向铺砂装置还包括安装板和销轴，
    所述安装板与所述下砂槽固定连接，所述下板的一端与所述安装板铰接，在所述安装板上设置有角度刻度，且，在所述安装板上设置有多个销轴定位孔，所述下板的一端的两侧被所述销轴卡固于所述安装板上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的单双向铺砂装置，其特征在于：所述下料口具有两个，一个所述下板的一端与另一个所述下板的一端组合形成八字形，且，在一个所述下板的一端与另一个所述下板的一端之间设置有弹簧，所述弹簧配置成使所述单双向铺砂装置处于移动工况下，所述漏料角的大小不变。
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