WO2020017008A1 - 電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び空気調和機 - Google Patents
電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020017008A1 WO2020017008A1 PCT/JP2018/027175 JP2018027175W WO2020017008A1 WO 2020017008 A1 WO2020017008 A1 WO 2020017008A1 JP 2018027175 W JP2018027175 W JP 2018027175W WO 2020017008 A1 WO2020017008 A1 WO 2020017008A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/06—Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
- H03K17/063—Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state in field-effect transistor switches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0081—Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device that converts AC power supplied from an AC power supply into DC power, a motor drive device including the power conversion device, and an air conditioner.
- the power supply current which is the current supplied from the power supply, includes harmonic current.
- the harmonic current is a frequency component having a higher frequency than the frequency of the fundamental wave.
- electronic devices that generate a harmonic current are internationally regulated.
- the converter takes measures to suppress the harmonic current included in the power supply current by chopping AC (Alternating Current) or DC (Direct Current).
- a DC power supply device disclosed in Patent Document 1 which is an example of a bridgeless converter, includes a first arm including an upper diode and a lower diode connected in series, an upper switching element and a lower switching connected in series. A second arm including elements is provided, and a DC power supply for driving the second arm is provided.
- the DC power supply device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a first drive circuit that generates a drive signal for driving a lower switching element of a second arm by using a voltage output from the DC power supply as a power supply voltage.
- a bootstrap circuit that generates a voltage for driving the upper switching element of the second arm by using a voltage output from the DC power supply, and a voltage that is output from the bootstrap circuit as a power supply voltage.
- the drive circuit is referred to as a drive circuit.
- the upper switching element of the second arm is simply referred to as an upper switching element
- the lower switching element of the second arm is simply referred to as a lower switching element.
- the bootstrap circuit is composed of a resistor, a diode, and a capacitor. According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the lower switching element is turned on, a closed circuit is formed by the DC power supply, the bootstrap circuit, and the lower switching element. Therefore, the capacitor of the bootstrap circuit is charged by the DC power supply. Is done. At this time, not only the voltage of the DC power supply is applied to the capacitor, but also the forward voltage of the body diode formed in the lower switching element of the second arm is applied. Then, by using the capacitor voltage of the charged capacitor as the power supply voltage of the second drive circuit, a drive signal for driving the upper switching element is generated in the second drive circuit.
- a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- WBG Wide Band Gap
- Si silicon
- the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode formed in the WBG MOSFET is inferior to the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode formed in the Si switching element.
- the capacitor voltage of the capacitor of the bootstrap circuit that is, the power supply of the drive circuit The voltage may be higher than the rated voltage of the drive circuit.
- the withstand voltage described here is a voltage that can be applied to the drive circuit for a specified time without causing dielectric breakdown of the drive circuit.
- the short-circuit tolerance is defined as the time from the beginning of the short-circuit current flowing to the upper switching element until the upper switching element is damaged.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power converter capable of suppressing a rise in a power supply voltage of a drive circuit of a switching element and improving reliability.
- a power conversion device is a power conversion device that converts AC power supplied from an AC power supply to DC power, each of which is connected to an AC power supply.
- the power conversion device includes a first switching element, a second switching element, and a third wiring having a first connection point, wherein the first switching element and the second switching element are a third wiring.
- the first connection point includes a first arm connected to the first reactor by a first wiring.
- the power conversion device is connected in parallel with the first arm, and includes a third switching element, a fourth switching element, and a fourth wiring having a second connection point.
- the fourth switching element is connected in series by a fourth wiring, and the second connection point includes a second arm connected to the AC power supply by the second wiring.
- the power converter includes a first capacitor connected in parallel with the second arm, a first drive circuit that outputs a first drive signal for driving the first switching element, and a first drive circuit that outputs a first drive signal.
- a bootstrap circuit having a second capacitor for supplying a power supply voltage to the first driving circuit; and a first voltage which is a voltage at which a forward current starts flowing is supplied to the body diode formed in the second switching element by a forward current. And a diode for adjusting the power supply voltage, which is lower than the second voltage which is the voltage at which the current starts flowing.
- the power conversion device has an effect that it is possible to suppress an increase in the power supply voltage of the drive circuit of the switching element and improve the reliability.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of a MOSFET that can be used as the switching element shown in FIG. 1 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through a power conversion device according to a first embodiment when an absolute value of a power supply current is larger than a current threshold value and a power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- FIG. 1 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is larger than a current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- FIG. 1 is a first diagram for explaining an operation in which a capacitor short-circuit occurs via an AC power supply and a reactor in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a second diagram illustrating an operation in which a capacitor short-circuit occurs via an AC power supply and a reactor in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is less than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- FIG. 1 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through a power converter according to a first embodiment when an absolute value of a power supply current is less than a current threshold value and a power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- Second diagram showing a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is smaller than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control unit included in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power supply voltage, an estimated power supply voltage phase value, and a sine wave value calculated by the power supply voltage phase calculation unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a first pulse generation unit of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reference on-duty, a carrier, and a reference PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal of FIG. 15.
- standard PWM signal, the inverted PWM signal, the 1st PWM signal, and the 2nd PWM signal of FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of a selection processing procedure in the pulse selector of the first pulse generation unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between current flowing through each of the switching element and the body diode shown in FIG. 1, loss of the switching element, and loss of the body diode.
- 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure in the second pulse generation unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control procedure of a switching element based on a power supply current in the second pulse generation unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first example of a signal for one cycle of a power supply voltage generated by the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a second example of a signal for one cycle of the power supply voltage generated by the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal when the power conversion device according to the first embodiment performs simple switching control.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a signal in a passive state generated by the power converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a drive circuit and a bootstrap circuit included in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a third modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration that implements a control unit according to the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a motor drive device according to a third embodiment. The figure which shows the example of a structure of the air conditioner which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- Power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment is a power supply device having an AC / DC conversion function of converting AC power supplied from single-phase AC power supply 1 to DC power and applying the DC power to load 50.
- the single-phase AC power supply 1 may be simply referred to as the AC power supply 1 in some cases.
- power conversion device 100 includes a reactor 2 serving as a first reactor, a bridge circuit 3, a smoothing capacitor 4 serving as a first capacitor, a power supply voltage detection unit 5, and a power supply current detection unit. 6, a bus voltage detector 7, and a controller 10.
- the bridge circuit 3 includes a first arm 31 that is a first circuit and a second arm 32 that is a second circuit.
- the first arm 31 includes a switching element 311 and a switching element 312 connected in series.
- the switching element 311 is formed with a body diode 311a.
- the body diode 311a is connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching element 311.
- the switching element 312 is formed with a body diode 312a.
- the body diode 312a is connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching element 312.
- Each of body diodes 311a and 312a is used as a return diode.
- the second arm 32 includes a switching element 321 and a switching element 322 connected in series.
- the second arm 32 is connected in parallel to the first arm 31.
- the switching element 321 is formed with a body diode 321a.
- the body diode 321a is connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching element 321.
- the switching element 322 is formed with a body diode 322a.
- the body diode 322a is connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching element 322.
- Each of the body diodes 321a and 322a is used as a return diode.
- the power conversion device 100 includes a first wiring 501 and a second wiring 502, each of which is connected to the AC power supply 1, and a reactor 2 arranged on the first wiring 501.
- the first arm 31 includes a switching element 311 as a first switching element, a switching element 312 as a second switching element, and a third wiring 503 having a first connection point 506.
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 are connected in series by a third wiring 503.
- the first wiring 501 is connected to the first connection point 506.
- the first connection point 506 is connected to the AC power supply 1 via the first wiring 501 and the reactor 2.
- the second arm 32 includes a switching element 321 as a third switching element, a switching element 322 as a fourth switching element, and a fourth wiring 504 including a second connection point 508. 321 and the switching element 322 are connected in series by the fourth wiring 504.
- the second wiring 502 is connected to the second connection point 508.
- Second connection point 508 is connected to AC power supply 1 via second wiring 502.
- the smoothing capacitor 4, which is a capacitor, is connected in parallel to the second arm 32.
- MOSFETA MOSFET formed of a WBG semiconductor can be used for the switching elements 311, 312, 321 and 322.
- Gallium nitride GaN
- silicon carbide SiC
- diamond silicon nitride
- aluminum nitride is used for the WBG semiconductor.
- the withstand voltage is increased and the allowable current density is increased, so that the module can be downsized. Since the WBG semiconductor has high heat resistance, the use of the WBG semiconductor for the switching elements 311, 312, 321, and 322 can reduce the size of the radiation fin for radiating heat generated in the switching elements.
- the control unit 10 drives the switching pulses 311, 312, 321, and 322 of the bridge circuit 3 based on signals output from the power supply voltage detection unit 5, the power supply current detection unit 6, and the bus voltage detection unit 7.
- the power supply voltage detector 5 detects the power supply voltage Vs, which is the output voltage of the AC power supply 1, and outputs an electric signal indicating the detection result to the controller 10.
- the power supply current detector 6 detects a power supply current Is, which is a current output from the AC power supply 1, and outputs an electric signal indicating the detection result to the controller 10.
- the bus voltage detector 7 detects the bus voltage Vdc and outputs the detected voltage to the controller 10.
- the bus voltage Vdc is a voltage obtained by smoothing the output voltage of the bridge circuit 3 with the smoothing capacitor 4.
- switching elements 311 and 321 connected to the positive side of AC power supply 1, that is, the positive terminal of AC power supply 1, may be referred to as upper switching elements.
- switching elements 312 and 322 connected to the negative side of AC power supply 1, that is, the negative terminal of AC power supply 1, may be referred to as lower switching elements.
- the upper switching element and the lower switching element operate complementarily. That is, when one of the upper switching element and the lower switching element is on, the other is off.
- the switching elements 311 and 312 constituting the first arm 31 are driven by a drive signal output from a drive circuit described later.
- the drive circuit amplifies the PWM signal generated by the control unit 10 and outputs the amplified signal as a drive signal.
- the operation of turning on or off the switching element according to the drive signal is hereinafter also referred to as a switching operation.
- the switching elements 321 and 322 constituting the second arm 32 perform an operation according to the drive signal similarly to the switching elements 311 and 312, and are turned on or off. Basically, it is turned on or off according to the power supply voltage polarity which is the polarity of the voltage output from the AC power supply 1. Specifically, when the power supply voltage polarity is positive, the switching element 322 is on and the switching element 321 is off, and when the power supply voltage polarity is negative, the switching element 321 is on and Element 322 is off.
- the threshold value compared with the absolute value of the power supply current Is is referred to as a current threshold value.
- a short circuit of the smoothing capacitor 4 is referred to as a capacitor short circuit.
- the capacitor short-circuit is a state in which the energy stored in the smoothing capacitor 4 is released and the current is regenerated in the AC power supply 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a schematic structure of a MOSFET that can be used as the switching element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an n-type MOSFET.
- a p-type semiconductor substrate 600 is used as shown in FIG.
- a source electrode S, a drain electrode D, and a gate electrode G are formed on the semiconductor substrate 600.
- High-concentration impurities are ion-implanted into a portion in contact with the source electrode S and the drain electrode D to form an n-type region 601.
- an oxide insulating film 602 is formed between a portion where the n-type region 601 is not formed and the gate electrode G. That is, the oxide insulating film 602 is interposed between the gate electrode G and the p-type region 603 in the semiconductor substrate 600.
- the channel 604 is an n-type channel in the example of FIG.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 show current paths in power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1 when the absolute value of power supply current Is is larger than the current threshold.
- FIG. 3 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is larger than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- the power supply voltage polarity is positive
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 322 are on
- the switching element 312 and the switching element 321 are off.
- current flows in the order of AC power supply 1, reactor 2, switching element 311, smoothing capacitor 4, switching element 322, and AC power supply 1.
- the current does not flow through the body diode 311a and the body diode 322a, but the current flows through each channel of the switching element 311 and the switching element 322, whereby the synchronous rectification operation is performed.
- FIG. 4 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is larger than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- the power supply voltage polarity is negative
- the switching element 312 and the switching element 321 are on
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 322 are off.
- current flows in the order of the AC power supply 1, the switching element 321, the smoothing capacitor 4, the switching element 312, the reactor 2, and the AC power supply 1.
- the current does not flow through the body diode 321a and the body diode 312a, but the current flows through each channel of the switching element 321 and the switching element 312, whereby the synchronous rectification operation is performed.
- FIG. 5 is a second diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is larger than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- the power supply voltage polarity is positive
- the switching element 312 and the switching element 322 are on
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 321 are off.
- a current flows in the order of the AC power supply 1, the reactor 2, the switching element 312, the switching element 322, and the AC power supply 1, and a power supply short-circuit path that does not pass through the smoothing capacitor 4 is formed.
- the current does not flow through the body diode 312a and the body diode 322a, but the current flows through each channel of the switching element 312 and the switching element 322, so that a power supply short-circuit path is formed. .
- FIG. 6 is a second diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is larger than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- the power supply voltage polarity is negative
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 321 are on
- the switching element 312 and the switching element 322 are off.
- current flows in the order of the AC power supply 1, the switching element 321, the switching element 311, the reactor 2, and the AC power supply 1, and a power supply short-circuit path that does not pass through the smoothing capacitor 4 is formed.
- a current does not flow through the body diode 311a and the body diode 321a, but a current flows through each channel of the switching element 311 and the switching element 321, thereby forming a power supply short-circuit path.
- the control unit 10 can control the values of the power supply current Is and the bus voltage Vdc by controlling the switching of the current paths described above.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show a state in which a capacitor short circuit has occurred via the AC power supply 1 and the reactor 2.
- FIG. 7 is a first diagram illustrating an operation in which a capacitor short-circuit occurs via an AC power supply and a reactor in the power converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows a state where the power supply voltage polarity is positive and the power supply current Is does not flow. Since the power supply voltage polarity is positive, a current should originally flow in the order of the AC power supply 1, the reactor 2, the switching element 311, the smoothing capacitor 4, the switching element 322, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG. is there. However, when the switching element 311 and the switching element 322 are turned on in a state where the power supply current Is does not flow, as shown in FIG. 7, a current flows in a direction opposite to the original direction, and a capacitor short circuit occurs. That is, the energy stored in the smoothing capacitor 4 is output to the AC power supply 1.
- FIG. 8 is a second diagram for explaining the operation of the power converter according to the first embodiment in which a capacitor short-circuit occurs via an AC power supply and a reactor.
- FIG. 8 shows a state where the power supply voltage polarity is negative and the power supply current Is does not flow. Since the power supply voltage polarity is negative, a current should originally flow in the order of the AC power supply 1, the switching element 321, the smoothing capacitor 4, the switching element 312, the reactor 2, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG. is there. However, if the switching element 312 and the switching element 321 are turned on when the power supply current Is is not flowing, as shown in FIG. 8, a current flows in a direction opposite to the original direction, and a capacitor short circuit occurs.
- the power conversion device 100 allows the switching elements 321 and 322 to be turned on when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is equal to or larger than the current threshold value in order to prevent a capacitor short circuit.
- the switching elements 321 and 322 are turned off. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a capacitor short circuit via the AC power supply 1 and the reactor 2, and it is possible to obtain a highly reliable power converter.
- FIGS. 9 to 12 show current paths in power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1 when the absolute value of power supply current Is is smaller than the current threshold.
- FIG. 9 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power conversion device according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is less than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- the power supply voltage polarity is positive
- the switching element 311 is on
- the switching element 312, the switching element 321, and the switching element 322 are off.
- the body diode 322a of the switching element 322 functions as a return diode, and the current is supplied in the order of the AC power supply 1, the reactor 2, the switching element 311, the smoothing capacitor 4, the body diode 322a, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG. Flows.
- the absolute value of the power supply current Is only needs to be a value that does not cause a malfunction, and the lower the value is, the longer the synchronous rectification period is, and the more effectively the conduction loss can be reduced.
- the switching element 311 may be turned off. By turning off the switching element 311, no gate driving power is generated for the switching element 311, so that power consumption accompanying generation of a driving signal can be reduced as compared with the case of performing a synchronous rectification operation. The details of the drive circuit that generates the drive signal will be described later.
- FIG. 10 is a first diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power converter according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is less than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- the power supply voltage polarity is negative
- the switching element 312 is on
- the switching element 311, the switching element 321, and the switching element 322 are off.
- the body diode 321a of the switching element 321 functions as a return diode, and the current is supplied in the order of the AC power supply 1, the body diode 321a, the smoothing capacitor 4, the switching element 312, the reactor 2, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG. Flows.
- the absolute value of the power supply current Is only needs to be a value that does not cause a malfunction, and the lower the value is, the longer the synchronous rectification period is, and the more effectively the conduction loss can be reduced.
- the switching element 312 may be turned off. By turning off the switching element 312, no gate driving power is generated for the switching element 312, so that power consumption accompanying generation of a driving signal can be reduced as compared with the case of performing a synchronous rectification operation.
- FIG. 11 is a second diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power conversion device according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is less than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is positive.
- the power supply voltage polarity is positive
- the switching element 312 is on
- the switching element 311, the switching element 321, and the switching element 322 are off.
- the body diode 322a of the switching element 322 functions as a return diode, and a current flows in the order of the AC power supply 1, the reactor 2, the switching element 312, the body diode 322a, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG.
- the switching element 322 since a short-circuit current flows, even when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is less than the current threshold, the switching element 322 may be turned on at the same time as the switching element 312 is turned on. In this case, since the voltage drop due to the on-resistance of switching element 322 is smaller than the forward voltage of body diode 322a, conduction loss of switching element 322 is reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a second diagram illustrating a path of a current flowing through the power conversion device according to the first embodiment when the absolute value of the power supply current is less than the current threshold value and the power supply voltage polarity is negative.
- the power supply voltage polarity is negative
- the switching element 311 is on
- the switching element 312, the switching element 321, and the switching element 322 are off.
- the body diode 321a of the switching element 321 functions as a return diode, and a current flows in the order of the AC power supply 1, the body diode 321a, the switching element 311, the reactor 2, and the AC power supply 1, as shown in FIG.
- the switching element 321 since the short-circuit current flows, even when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is smaller than the current threshold, the switching element 321 may be turned on at the same time as the switching element 311 is turned on. In this case, the voltage drop due to the ON resistance of the switching element 321 is smaller than the forward voltage of the body diode 321a, so that the conduction loss of the switching element 321 is reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control unit included in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- the control unit 10 includes a power supply current command value control unit 21, an on-duty control unit 22, a power supply voltage phase calculation unit 23, a first pulse generation unit 24, a second pulse generation unit 25, a current A command value calculator 26 and an instantaneous value command value calculator 27 are provided.
- the power supply current command value control unit 21 calculates a current effective value command value Is_rms * from the bus voltage Vdc detected by the bus voltage detection unit 7 and the bus voltage command value Vdc *.
- Bus voltage command value Vdc * may be set in advance, or may be input from outside power conversion device 100.
- the power supply current command value control unit 21 calculates a current effective value command value Is_rms * by proportional integral control based on a difference between the bus voltage Vdc and the bus voltage command value Vdc *.
- the current command value calculation unit 26 converts the current effective value command value Is_rms * into a sine-wave command value and outputs it.
- the instantaneous value command value calculation unit 27 uses the current effective value command value Is_rms * calculated by the current command value calculation unit 26 and the sine wave value sin ⁇ ⁇ s calculated by the power supply voltage phase calculation unit 23 to generate a power supply.
- the instantaneous current command value Is * is calculated.
- the on-duty control unit 22 performs a proportional-integral control on a deviation between the power supply current instantaneous value command value Is * calculated by the instantaneous value command value calculation unit 27 and the power supply current Is detected by the power supply current detection unit 6, and performs switching.
- the reference on-duty of the elements 311 and 312 is calculated.
- the power supply voltage phase calculation unit 23 calculates a power supply voltage phase estimation value ⁇ ⁇ s and a sine wave value sin ⁇ ⁇ s using the power supply voltage Vs detected by the power supply voltage detection unit 5.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the power supply voltage, the power supply voltage phase estimated value calculated by the power supply voltage phase calculation unit illustrated in FIG. FIG. 14 shows, in order from the top, the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply voltage phase estimated value ⁇ ⁇ s, and the sine wave value sin ⁇ ⁇ s .
- Supply voltage phase calculation section 23 increases the supply voltage phase estimate theta ⁇ s in linear, the power supply voltage Vs detects a timing of switching from the negative polarity to the positive polarity, the power supply voltage phase estimate theta ⁇ s at this timing Is reset to 0.
- the power supply voltage phase estimation value ⁇ ⁇ s becomes 360 °, that is, 0 °, at the timing when the power supply voltage Vs switches from negative polarity to positive polarity.
- the power supply voltage phase calculation unit 23 calculates a sine wave value sin ⁇ ⁇ s based on the calculated power supply voltage phase estimated value ⁇ ⁇ s .
- the power supply voltage phase calculation section 23 when realizing the reset of the power supply voltage phase estimates theta ⁇ s, the power supply voltage phase calculation section 23, a signal output from the zero-crossing detection circuit, using as an interrupt signal power to reset the voltage phase estimated value ⁇ ⁇ s.
- the zero-cross detection circuit is a circuit that detects a timing at which the power supply voltage Vs switches from negative polarity to positive polarity.
- the method of calculating the power supply voltage phase estimates theta ⁇ s is not limited to the examples described above, it may be used any method.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the first pulse generation unit of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- the first pulse generator 24 includes a carrier generator 241, a reference PWM generator 242, a dead time generator 243, and a pulse selector 244.
- the carrier generation unit 241 generates a carrier wave, which is a carrier signal.
- the carrier wave carry is used for generating the reference PWM signal Scom.
- the carrier wave carry can be exemplified by a triangular wave whose peak value is “1” and whose valley value is “0”.
- the reference PWM signal Scom is a signal that is used for driving the switching elements 311, 312, 321, and 322 and that serves as a reference of the PWM signal.
- the first embodiment is based on the premise that complementary PWM control is performed.
- the reference PWM signal is used to drive one switching element of the first arm 31, and the other switching element of the first arm 31 is used. , A PWM signal complementary to the reference PWM signal is used.
- the reference PWM generation unit 242 generates a reference PWM signal Scom by comparing the magnitude relationship between the reference on-duty duty calculated by the on-duty control unit 22 shown in FIG. 13 and the carrier wave carry.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the reference on-duty, the carrier, and the reference PWM signal of FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 16, the reference PWM generation unit 242 sets the reference PWM signal Scom to a value indicating ON when reference on-duty duty> carrier wave carry, and when reference on-duty duty ⁇ carrier wave carry, The reference PWM signal Scom is generated by setting the reference PWM signal Scom to a value indicating OFF.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a high-active reference PWM signal Scom.
- the high active reference PWM signal Scom is a signal whose high level indicates ON and whose low level indicates OFF. Note that the signal generated by the reference PWM generation unit 242 is not limited to the high active reference PWM signal Scom, and may be a low active reference PWM signal Scom.
- the low active reference PWM signal Scom is a signal whose high level indicates off and whose low level indicates on.
- the dead time generation unit 243 generates and outputs two complementary signals, a first PWM signal Sig1 and a second PWM signal Sig2, based on the reference PWM signal Scom. Specifically, the dead time generation unit 243 generates an inverted PWM signal Scom ', which is a signal obtained by inverting the reference PWM signal Scom. Thereafter, the dead time generation unit 243 generates a first PWM signal Sig1 and a second PWM signal Sig2 by providing a dead time to the reference PWM signal Scom and the inverted PWM signal Scom '.
- the dead time generation unit 243 sets the first PWM signal Sig1 and the second PWM signal so that both the first PWM signal Sig1 and the second PWM signal Sig2 have a value indicating OFF during the dead time. Generate the signal Sig2.
- the dead time generation unit 243 sets the first PWM signal Sig1 to be the same as the reference PWM signal Scom. Further, the dead time generator 243 generates the second PWM signal Sig2 by changing the inverted PWM signal Scom 'from a value indicating ON to a value indicating OFF during the dead time.
- An inverted PWM signal Scom ′ is generated by inverting the reference PWM signal Scom, and ideally when two switching elements forming the same arm are driven by the reference PWM signal Scom and the inverted PWM signal Scom ′, respectively.
- a transition occurs from the on state to the off state, and a delay occurs from the off state to the on state. Accordingly, this delay causes a period in which two switching elements forming the same arm are simultaneously turned on, and there is a possibility that two switching elements forming the same arm are short-circuited.
- the dead time is a period provided so that two switching elements forming the same arm are not turned on at the same time even when a state transition delay occurs.
- the two PWM signals for driving the two switching elements forming the same arm are both set to a value indicating off.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the reference PWM signal, the inverted PWM signal, the first PWM signal, and the second PWM signal of FIG.
- FIG. 17 shows a reference PWM signal Scom, an inverted PWM signal Scom ', a first PWM signal Sig1, and a second PWM signal Sig2 in order from the top.
- the inverted PWM signal Scom ' has a value indicating ON
- the second PWM signal Sig2 has a value indicating OFF during the dead time td.
- the method of generating the dead time td described above is an example, and the method of generating the dead time td is not limited to the example described above, and any method may be used.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a selection processing procedure in the pulse selector of the first pulse generation unit illustrated in FIG.
- the pulse selector 244 first determines whether or not the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs is positive, that is, whether or not Vs> 0 (step S1).
- Step S1 When the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs is positive (Step S1: Yes), the pulse selector 244 transmits the first PWM signal Sig1 as pulse_312A to the drive circuit of the switching element 312, and transmits the second PWM signal Sig2 as pulse_311A.
- the signal is transmitted to the drive circuit of the switching element 311 (step S2). This is because when the power supply voltage Vs has a positive polarity, the current path shown in FIG. 5 and the current path shown in FIG. 3 are switched by turning off or on each of the switching element 311 and the switching element 312, that is, the switching element This is because the switching operation of the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 controls the bus voltage Vdc and the power supply current Is.
- the pulse selector 244 transmits the first PWM signal Sig1 to the drive circuit of the switching element 311 as pulse_311A, and transmits the second PWM signal Sig2 to pulse_312A.
- the signal is transmitted to the drive circuit of the switching element 312 (step S3).
- the pulse selector 244 repeats the above operation every time the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs changes.
- the first pulse generation unit 24 generates pulse_311A that is a signal for driving the switching element 311 and pulse_312A that is a signal for driving the switching element 312.
- the switching elements 311 and 312 are controlled in a complementary manner, the processing of generating the inverted PWM signal Scom ′ from the reference PWM signal Scom can be realized using a simple signal inversion processing.
- the output relationship of the drive pulse in one carrier can be made substantially the same irrespective of the power supply voltage polarity, and the short circuit prevention of the upper and lower arms can be easily realized. With simple processing, stable control can be realized.
- the power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment synchronous rectification control by the switching elements 311 and 312 of the first arm 31 can be realized. Therefore, in power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1, as shown in FIG. 19, in a region where the loss of the switching element is smaller than that of the body diode, that is, in a region where the current flowing through each of the switching element and the body diode is small. , Loss can be reduced, and a highly efficient system can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the current flowing through each of the switching element and the body diode shown in FIG. 1 and the loss of the switching element and the loss of the body diode.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 19 shows the current flowing through the switching element in the ON state and the current flowing through the body diode.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 19 shows the loss that occurs when current flows through the on-state switching element and the loss that occurs when current flows through the body diode.
- the solid line represents the loss characteristics of the body diode.
- the loss characteristics of the body diode indicate the relationship between the current flowing through the body diode and the loss caused by the on-resistance of the body diode due to the flow of the current.
- the dotted line indicates the loss characteristics of the switching element in the ON state.
- the loss characteristic indicates a relationship between a current flowing in a carrier of the switching element and a loss caused by the on-resistance of the switching element due to the flow of the current.
- the region indicated by the symbol A indicates a region where the current flowing through each of the switching element and the body diode is small.
- the region indicated by the symbol B indicates a region where the current flowing through each of the switching element and the body diode is large.
- the boundary between the region A and the region B is equal to the current value at which the value of the loss generated in the switching element is equal to the value of the loss generated in the body diode.
- the driving condition is represented by at least one of the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, and the bus voltage Vdc.
- the proportional control gain in the on-duty control unit 22 desirably changes in inverse proportion to the bus voltage Vdc.
- the power supply current command value control unit 21 and the on-duty control unit 22 use a calculation formula for realizing the operation of a desired circuit or The table may be held, and the control parameters may be adjusted based on the detection information using the calculation formula or the table.
- the control parameter becomes a value suitable for control, and controllability is improved.
- the detection information is, for example, at least one of the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, and the bus voltage Vdc, or information that can estimate these.
- the information that can be estimated can be power information detected by a detector that detects power supplied from the AC power supply 1.
- the proportional-integral control is described as the calculation method in the power supply current command value control unit 21 and the on-duty control unit 22.
- the present invention is not limited to these calculation methods.
- An arithmetic technique may be used, and a differential term may be added to perform proportional-integral differential control.
- the calculation method in the power supply current command value control unit 21 and the on-duty control unit 22 may not be the same method.
- the second pulse generation unit 25 switches the switching element 321 based on the power supply voltage Vs detected by the power supply voltage detection unit 5 and the power supply current Is detected by the power supply current detection unit 6. And a pulse_322A that is a signal for driving the switching element 322 is generated and output.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure in the second pulse generator shown in FIG.
- the basic operation of the second pulse generation unit 25 is to control the on or off state of the switching elements 321 and 322 according to the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs.
- the second pulse generator 25 determines whether the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs is positive, that is, whether or not Vs> 0 (step S11).
- the second pulse generation unit 25 generates and outputs pulse_321A and pulse_322A to turn off the switching element 321 and turn on the switching element 322. (Step S12).
- step S11 When the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs is negative (step S11: No), the second pulse generation unit 25 generates and outputs pulse_321A and pulse_322A to turn on the switching element 321 and turn off the switching element 322. (Step S13). Thereby, synchronous rectification control is possible, and a highly efficient system can be realized as described above.
- the switching element 311 and the switching element 322 are turned on when the power supply current Is is not flowing, a capacitor short circuit via the AC power supply 1 and the reactor 2 occurs. For this reason, in the power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1, in addition to the control of the switching element 311 and the switching element 322, the on / off state of the switching element 321 and the switching element 322 is controlled based on the power supply current Is. .
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an example of a control procedure of the switching element based on the power supply current in the second pulse generator shown in FIG.
- it is determined whether or not the absolute value of the power supply current Is is greater than the current threshold ⁇ (step S21).
- the second pulse generation unit 25 permits the switching elements 321 and 322 to be turned on (step S22).
- the switching elements 321 and 322 are turned on, the on and off states are controlled by the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs shown in FIG.
- Step S21 If the absolute value of the power supply current Is is equal to or smaller than the current threshold ⁇ (Step S21: No), the second pulse generator 25 does not permit the switching elements 321 and 322 to be turned on (Step S23). When the switching elements 321 and 322 are not permitted to be turned on, the switching elements 321 and 322 are controlled to be turned off regardless of the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs illustrated in FIG.
- the switching element 321 and the switching element 322 are turned on. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a capacitor short circuit via the AC power supply 1 and the reactor 2.
- the second pulse generation unit 25 uses the polarity of the power supply current Is, that is, the direction in which the current flows, without performing on / off control based on the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs, and uses the switching elements 321 and 322. May be controlled.
- the switching elements 321 and 322 may be turned on based on the state of the switching control.
- the timing of such a state is predicted, and the switching elements 321 and 322 are not allowed to be turned on.
- passive full-wave rectification that is, in a state where a short-circuit path is not used, a synchronous rectification effect may not be obtained, but control can be simply constructed without depending on detection of current or voltage.
- the second pulse generation unit 25 selects the switching element to be turned on among the switching elements 321 and 322 based on the power supply voltage polarity, and short-circuits the capacitor based on the power supply current Is. Control of the switching element 321 and the switching element 322 to prevent this.
- the present invention is not limited to this example, and the first pulse generation unit 24 determines, based on the power supply current Is, whether to allow the switching elements 311, 312, 321, and 322 to be turned on so as to prevent a capacitor short circuit. Then, the second pulse generation unit 25 may perform switching according to the power supply voltage polarity on the switching elements 321 and 322 without performing control for preventing a capacitor short circuit.
- the first pulse generation unit 24 does not permit the switching element 311 to be turned on when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is equal to or less than the current threshold ⁇ , and the absolute value of the power supply current Is When the value is larger than the current threshold value ⁇ , the switching element 311 is turned on.
- the first pulse generation unit 24 does not permit the switching element 312 to be turned on, and the absolute value of the power supply current Is When it is larger than the threshold value ⁇ , the switching element 312 is allowed to be turned on.
- switching in each arm in each power supply cycle is realized by a method of generating a complementary PWM signal, but the method of generating a PWM signal is not limited to this example.
- the control unit 10 generates a signal pulse_312A for driving the switching element 312 when the power supply voltage Vs is positive, and generates the signal pulse_312A for driving the switching element 311 when the power supply voltage Vs is negative.
- the signal pulse_311A may be generated.
- the control unit 10 may generate a PWM signal for driving the switching elements 311 and 312 based on the relationship between the power supply current Is, the power supply voltage Vs, and the bus voltage Vdc.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a signal for one cycle of the power supply voltage generated by the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 22 shows an example of a signal generated by the processing described in FIG. In FIG. 22, the time is taken on the horizontal axis, and the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, the timer set value ⁇ and the carrier signal, the signal for driving the switching element 311 and the driving of the switching element 312 are arranged in order from the top. , A signal for driving the switching element 321, and a signal for driving the switching element 322.
- the timer set value ⁇ is a command value corresponding to the reference on-duty duty, and changes stepwise with the passage of time.
- the timer setting value ⁇ is a period during which the vertical axis of one stage has the same value.
- the reference on-duty duty corresponding to each of the timer setting values ⁇ that changes stepwise in this manner is compared with the carrier wave carry, which is a carrier signal, and the pulse width of the switching elements 311 and 321 is determined.
- the reference on-duty duty is small near the zero crossing of the power supply voltage Vs, and increases as the peak value of the power supply voltage Vs approaches. In FIG. 22, the dead time is omitted.
- the positive-side current threshold (positive) is set to suppress an excessive switching operation near the zero cross when the power supply current Is changes from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
- the negative current threshold (negative) is set to suppress an excessive switching operation near the zero cross when the power supply current Is changes from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
- FIG. 22 shows an operation example in which the switching element 312 is used as a master when the power supply voltage Vs has a positive polarity, and the switching element 311 is used as a master when the power supply voltage Vs has a negative polarity. Is shown. Therefore, when the power supply voltage Vs has a positive polarity, the downward convex arc-shaped reference on-duty is used. When the power supply voltage Vs has a negative polarity, the downward convex arc-shaped reference on-duty is used. Is done.
- the switching elements 321 and 322 are turned on or off in accordance with the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs, and are turned off when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is equal to or smaller than the current threshold.
- the power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1 may have a configuration in which the power supply current detection unit 6 is provided with a filter or hysteresis to suppress an excessive switching operation near the current threshold. Further, power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment may be configured to have a filter or hysteresis for power supply current Is in control unit 10 to suppress an excessive switching operation near the current threshold.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a second example of a signal for one cycle of the power supply voltage generated by the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- time is taken on the horizontal axis, and the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, the timer set value ⁇ and the carrier signal, and the signal for driving the switching element 311 are arranged in order from the top.
- a signal for driving the switching element 312, a signal for driving the switching element 321, and a signal for driving the switching element 322 are shown.
- FIG. 23 shows an operation example in which the switching elements 311 and 312 are complementarily PWM-controlled using the switching element 312 as a master when the power supply voltage Vs is both positive and negative. Therefore, when the power supply voltage Vs has a positive polarity, the downward convex arc-shaped reference on-duty is used, and when the power supply voltage Vs has a negative polarity, the upward convex arc-shaped reference on-duty is used. .
- a signal pulse_312A for driving the switching element 312 is generated.
- the switching element 311 is driven. Signal_311A is generated.
- FIG. 22 shows an example in which the switching element is controlled by the carrier signal
- the first embodiment is also applied to simple switching control in which switching is performed once to several times during a half cycle of the power supply cycle. Operation can be applied.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal when the power conversion device according to the first embodiment performs simple switching control. In FIG. 24, the time is taken on the horizontal axis, and the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, the absolute value
- a signal for driving, a signal for driving the switching element 312, a signal for driving the switching element 321, and a signal for driving the switching element 322 are shown.
- the power supply polarity signal is a binary signal that changes according to the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs, and is used to control the operation of the switching elements 311 and 312.
- the power supply current signal is a binary signal used to control the switching element operation of the switching elements 321 and 322.
- FIG. 24 shows three current thresholds.
- the positive current threshold of the power supply current Is is a threshold set for the same purpose as the positive current threshold (positive) described in FIG.
- the negative current threshold of the power supply current Is is a threshold set for the same purpose as the negative current threshold (negative) described in FIG.
- of the power supply current Is is a threshold value set for changing the value of the power supply current signal.
- a power supply polarity signal is generated by detecting a zero crossing of the power supply voltage Vs, and a power supply current signal is generated by detecting a zero crossing of the power supply current Is.
- the power conversion device 100 controls the switching element 311 and the switching element 321 not to be simultaneously turned on. Control is performed so that the elements 322 are not turned on at the same time. This can prevent a capacitor short circuit.
- the switching elements 311 and 312 are not performing a switching operation, when the absolute value of the power supply current Is is equal to or smaller than the current threshold, the switching elements 321 and 322 are not turned on. Capacitor short circuit can be prevented.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal in a passive state generated by the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis takes time, and in order from the top, the power supply voltage Vs, the power supply current Is, the absolute value
- the power conversion device 100 controls the switching elements 311 and 321 not to turn on at the same time, and also controls the switching elements 312 and 322. Are controlled not to be turned on at the same time. This can prevent a capacitor short circuit.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a drive circuit and a bootstrap circuit included in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- the power conversion device 100 includes two DC voltage sources 300, four driving circuits 311DC, 312DC, 321DC, 322DC, and two bootstrap circuits 401, 402. 26, the drive circuits 311DC and 312DC share one DC voltage source 300 and the drive circuits 321DC and 322DC share the other DC voltage source 300, but the two DC voltage sources 300 Instead, one DC voltage source 300 may be used, and four driving circuits 311DC, 312DC, 321DC, and 322DC may share one DC voltage source 300.
- a driving circuit 311DC which is a first driving circuit, converts a pulse_311A from the control unit 10 into a first driving signal for driving the switching element 311 by using a voltage output from the bootstrap circuit 401 as a power supply voltage. Then, the signal is output to the gate of the switching element 311. Details of the configuration of the bootstrap circuit 401 will be described later.
- the driving circuit 312DC which is the second driving circuit, converts the pulse_312A from the control unit 10 into a second driving signal for driving the switching element 312 by using the voltage output from the DC voltage source 300 as a power supply voltage. Then, the signal is output to the gate of the switching element 312.
- the drive circuit 321DC converts the pulse_321A from the control unit 10 into a drive signal for driving the switching element 321 by using the voltage output from the bootstrap circuit 402 as a power supply voltage, and outputs the signal to the gate of the switching element 321. I do.
- the drive circuit 322DC converts the pulse_322A from the control unit 10 into a drive signal for driving the switching element 322 by using the voltage output from the DC voltage source 300 as a power supply voltage, and outputs the signal to the gate of the switching element 322. I do.
- the bootstrap circuit 401 includes a boot resistor 311R having one end connected to the DC voltage source 300, a boot diode 311D having an anode connected to the other end of the boot resistor 311R, and one end connected to a cathode of the boot diode 311D. Include a boot capacitor 311C, which is a second capacitor connected to the drive circuit 311DC, and a gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′.
- the anode of the 'gate voltage suppression diode 311D' is connected to the cathode of the boot diode 311D and one end of the boot capacitor 311C.
- the cathode of the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ' is connected to the drive circuit 311DC.
- the value of the first voltage which is the voltage at which the forward current starts flowing through the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ', is lower than the value of the second voltage, which is the voltage at which the forward current starts flowing through the body diode 312a. That is, the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the gate voltage suppression diode 311D 'is better than the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode 312a.
- a voltage at which a forward current starts flowing through the diode is generally called a forward voltage.
- the bootstrap circuit 402 has the same configuration as the bootstrap circuit 401, and includes a boot resistor 321R having one end connected to the DC voltage source 300, a boot diode 321D having an anode connected to the other end of the boot resistor 321R, A boot capacitor 321C having one end connected to the cathode of the boot diode 321D and the other end connected to the drive circuit 321DC, and a gate voltage suppression diode 321D 'are provided.
- the anode of the 'gate voltage suppression diode 321D' is connected to the cathode of the boot diode 321D and one end of the boot capacitor 321C.
- the cathode of the gate voltage suppression diode 321D ' is connected to the drive circuit 321DC.
- the value of the voltage at which the forward current starts flowing through the gate voltage suppression diode 321D ' is lower than the value of the voltage at which the forward current starts flowing through the body diode 322a. That is, the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the gate voltage suppression diode 321D 'is assumed to be superior to the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode 322a. The reason why the gate voltage suppression diode 311D 'is used will be described later.
- the bootstrap circuit 402 has the same configuration as the bootstrap circuit 401, and thus the details of the configuration of the bootstrap circuit 402 are omitted.
- V c V dc + V BD -V dr -V f.
- V dc voltage of the DC voltage source 300 V BD is the forward voltage
- V dr body diode 312a voltage drop boot resistors 311R is the forward voltage of the boot diode 311D.
- V dc is 6.0V
- V BD is 3.0 V
- V dr is 0.5V
- V f is 1.5V
- V c becomes 7.0 V
- the value of V c is higher than the rated voltage of the drive circuit 311DC.
- the forward voltage of the body diode 312a is a voltage at which a forward current starts flowing through the body diode 312a.
- the switching element 312 when a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor having a high potential barrier of a PN junction is used as the switching element 312, the forward voltage of the body diode 312a of the switching element 312 tends to increase.
- the switching elements 312 to the forward voltage of the body diode 312a is increased is not limited to a switching element formed by the WBG semiconductor, so that the capacitor voltage V c of the boot capacitor 311C is higher than the rated voltage of the drive circuit 311DC
- the Si switching element may also be applicable.
- withstand voltage of the drive circuit 311DC may be reduced. Further, since the value of the drive signal generated by the drive circuit 311DC increases, the short-circuit withstand capability of the switching element 311 may be reduced. Further, when the switching element 311 is driven by the drive circuit 311DC to which such a high voltage is applied, the value of the drive signal generated by the drive circuit 311DC becomes the drive circuit 312DC to which the voltage of the DC voltage source 300 is applied.
- the loss when the switching element 311 is turned on and the loss when the switching element 312 is turned on have different values, and the bias of heat generation between the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 increases.
- the bias of the heat generation becomes large, when the junction temperature of the semiconductor constituting one of the switching elements exceeds an allowable value, a normal operation may not be performed.
- a gate voltage suppression diode 311D ' is provided between the boot capacitor 311C and the drive circuit 311DC. That is, the boot capacitor 311C is connected to the drive circuit 311DC via the gate voltage suppression diode 311D '. Therefore, the capacitor voltage of the boot capacitor 311C is reduced by a certain value by the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ', and then applied to the drive circuit 311DC as the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ' functions as a power supply voltage adjusting element for adjusting the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC supplied from the boot capacitor 311C to the drive circuit 311DC.
- V dc is 6.0V
- V BD 3.0 V
- V dr is 0.5V
- V D is 1.0 V
- the V c 6.0V.
- V D is the gate voltage suppress diode 311D 'forward voltage, i.e., the gate voltage suppress diode 311D' is the voltage to start flowing forward current.
- the gate voltage suppress diode 311D' gate voltage suppress diode 311D provided with In this case, 6.0 V is applied to the drive circuit 311DC. That is, by providing the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′, the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC supplied from the boot capacitor 311C to the drive circuit 311DC can be reduced to the rated voltage of the drive circuit 311DC. Further, as described above, V dc, V BD, V dr, V f, if you set the like V D, source voltage of the driving circuit 311DC becomes equal to the voltage V dc of the DC voltage source 300.
- a decrease in the withstand voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be suppressed, and a decrease in the short-circuit tolerance of the switching element 311 can be suppressed. Further, since the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be adjusted to a value equal to the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 312DC, the bias of heat generation between the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 can be suppressed. Reliability is improved.
- the drive circuits 311DC and 312DC are configured. Parts can be shared, and the yield of parts is improved as compared with the case where the drive circuit 311DC and the drive circuit 312DC are manufactured by different parts. Further, the manufacturing cost of the driving circuit 311DC and the driving circuit 312DC can be reduced, and the volume of components in the manufacturing stage of the driving circuit 311DC and the driving circuit 312DC can be reduced. Further, replacement work of the drive circuit 311DC and the drive circuit 312DC at the time of repairing the power conversion device 100 is facilitated.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′ is provided inside the bootstrap circuit 401, but the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′ is manufactured separately from the bootstrap circuit 401. It may be provided between the bootstrap circuit 401 and the drive circuit 311DC.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′ is provided inside the bootstrap circuit 401, the bootstrap circuit 401 can be manufactured by integrating the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ′, the boot capacitor 311C, and the like. improves.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ' is manufactured separately from the bootstrap circuit 401 and provided between the bootstrap circuit 401 and the drive circuit 311DC, the gate voltage suppression diode 311D' has a different forward voltage. Therefore, since an appropriate device corresponding to the value of the forward voltage of the body diode 312a can be selected and mounted, the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be easily adjusted.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a first modification of the first embodiment.
- bootstrap circuits 401A and 402A are used instead of bootstrap circuits 401 and 402 shown in FIG.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 311D ' is omitted, and one end of the boot capacitor 311C is directly connected to the drive circuit 311DC.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 321D ' is omitted, and one end of the boot capacitor 321C is directly connected to the drive circuit 321DC.
- the switching element 312 is connected in parallel with the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD, and the switching element 322 is connected in parallel with the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD.
- the anode of the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is connected to the anode of the body diode 312a, and the cathode of the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is connected to the cathode of the body diode 312a. It is assumed that the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is superior to the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode 312a. For example, when the forward voltage of the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is 1.5V and the forward voltage of the body diode 312a is 3.0V, the boot resistor 311R is determined based on the total value of 1.5V and the voltage of the DC voltage source 300.
- the boot capacitor 311C is charged by a voltage obtained by subtracting the drop voltage and the forward voltage of the boot diode 311D.
- the charged capacitor voltage of the boot capacitor 311C has a lower value than when the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is not used, and is used as the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD functions as a capacitor voltage adjusting element for adjusting the capacitor voltage generated at both ends of the boot capacitor 311C.
- the anode of the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD is connected to the anode of the body diode 322a, and the cathode of the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD is connected to the cathode of the body diode 322a. It is assumed that the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD is superior to the forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode 322a.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD functions as a capacitor voltage adjusting element for adjusting a capacitor voltage generated at both ends of the boot capacitor 321C.
- the power conversion device 100-1 shown in FIG. 27 it is possible to suppress an increase in the charging voltage of the boot capacitor and to suppress an increase in loss due to the body diode during the asynchronous rectification period during the dead time and the zero crossing.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- a bootstrap circuit 402A shown in FIG. 27 is used instead of the bootstrap circuit 402 shown in FIG. That is, in the power converter 100-2, the gate voltage suppression diode 311D 'is used only in the first arm.
- a path for charging a boot capacitor via a body diode is generated by performing synchronous rectification control based on the power supply polarities of the switching elements 321 and 322. do not do. Therefore, in the power converter 100-2, the gate voltage suppression diode 311D 'may be implemented only in the first arm, and the number of components used can be reduced.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to a third modification of the first embodiment.
- the gate voltage suppression diode 322RD shown in FIG. 27 is omitted. That is, in the power converter 100-3, the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD is used only in the first arm.
- a path for charging the boot capacitor via the body diode is generated by performing synchronous rectification control based on the power supply polarities of the switching elements 321 and 322. do not do. Therefore, in the power converter 100-3, the gate voltage suppression diode 312RD needs to be implemented only in the first arm, and the number of components used can be reduced.
- the audible frequency range is from 16 kHz to 20 kHz, that is, from 266 times to 400 times the frequency of the commercial power supply.
- the switching element is driven at such an audible frequency, noise caused by switching becomes a problem. Since a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor can perform high-speed switching, it is suitable as a switching element capable of switching at a frequency higher than such an audible frequency, for example, a switching frequency higher than 20 kHz.
- a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor has a very small switching loss even when driven at a switching frequency higher than 20 kHz, as compared with a switching element formed of a Si semiconductor. Therefore, by using the switching element formed of the WBG semiconductor for the power conversion device 100, it is not necessary to take measures against heat radiation to the switching element, or to use a member such as a radiation fin used for measures against heat radiation to the switching element. Since the size can be reduced, the power conversion device 100 can be reduced in size and weight.
- the inductance of the reactor 2 can be relatively reduced, so that the size of the reactor 2 can be reduced.
- the switching frequency is preferably set to 150 kHz or less so that the primary component of the switching frequency does not fall within the measurement range of the noise terminal voltage standard.
- the WBG semiconductor since the WBG semiconductor has a smaller capacitance than the Si semiconductor, the generation of the recovery current due to the switching is small, and the generation of the loss and the noise due to the recovery current can be suppressed. Therefore, the WBG semiconductor is suitable for high-frequency switching. .
- the WBG semiconductor has higher heat resistance than the Si semiconductor, and has a higher allowable level of switching heat generation due to biased loss between arms. Since the first arm 31 is driven by a higher frequency drive than the second arm 32, the switching loss increases and the amount of generated heat increases, so that the WBG semiconductor generates more heat than the second arm 32. This is suitable for the first arm 31 having a large amount.
- a super junction (Super @ Junction: SJ) -MOSFET may be used as a switching element constituting an arm that performs low-speed switching.
- SJ-MOSFET for the arm that switches at a low speed, it is possible to suppress the disadvantage of the SJ-MOSFET, which has a high capacitance and is likely to cause recovery while taking advantage of the low on-resistance, which is an advantage of the SJ-MOSFET.
- the manufacturing cost of the arm that performs low-speed switching can be reduced as compared with the case where a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor is used.
- the power conversion device 100 according to Embodiment 1 may be configured by a general-purpose intelligent power module (Intelligent Power Module: IPM).
- IPM Intelligent Power Module
- the driving circuits of the switching elements 311, 312, 321, and 322 can be taken in the IPM, and the reactor 2, the bridge circuit 3, the smoothing capacitor 4, the power supply voltage detection unit 5, and the power supply current detection
- the area of the board on which the unit 6, the bus voltage detecting unit 7, and the control unit 10 are mounted can be reduced.
- the use of general-purpose IPM can suppress an increase in cost.
- the power conversion device 100 only needs to be able to grasp the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs, and is not limited to a configuration in which the polarity of the power supply voltage Vs is determined by detecting a zero-cross point of the power supply voltage Vs.
- the power conversion apparatus 100 based on the power supply voltage phase estimate theta ⁇ s, a first arm 31 and second arm 32 Is turned off for a certain period from the time of zero crossing.
- the switching elements 321 and 322 are permitted to be turned on.
- the configuration of 100 is not limited to this.
- the power converter 100 uses one of the power supply voltage Vs, the voltage applied to the first arm 31, the bus voltage Vdc, and the voltage applied to both ends of the switching element to generate a body diode of the switching element.
- the switching element 321 and the switching element 322 may be controlled by estimating that a current is flowing through the switching element 321.
- the power conversion device 100 uses the bridge circuit 3 instead of the power supply current Is.
- Synchronous rectification control may be performed by detecting a current flowing through the bus between the smoothing capacitor 4 and the bus. In this case, since the current in the short-circuit path cannot be detected, when the synchronous rectification control is performed using the current threshold, the period in which the synchronous rectification operation can be performed may be shortened.
- the switching element 321 or the switching element is switched in accordance with the polarity.
- the element 322 may be controlled to be turned on. In that case, the synchronous rectification operation can be performed over a wide period, so that conduction loss of the switching element 321 or the switching element 322 can be reduced.
- the first arm 31 be mounted on a so-called 2 in 1 module in which the switching elements 311 and 312 are provided in one package.
- the second arm 32 be mounted on a 2-in-1 module in which the switching elements 321 and 322 are provided in one package.
- two switching elements having the same switching characteristics are often mounted.
- an increase in the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be suppressed, so that a decrease in the withstand voltage of the drive circuit can be suppressed, and a decrease in the short-circuit tolerance of the switching element can be suppressed.
- the bias of heat generation between the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 can be suppressed. Therefore, the reliability of the power conversion device 100 can be improved.
- an increase in the power supply voltage of the driving circuit 311DC can be suppressed, there is no need to separately provide an insulating power supply for improving the withstand voltage between the bootstrap circuit 401 and the driving circuit 311DC. Is simplified, and the manufacturing cost of the power conversion device 100 can be reduced.
- the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC is reduced while the power supply voltage at which the drive circuit 312DC can operate is secured. It can be adjusted to a value equal to the power supply voltage. Therefore, the bias of heat generation between the switching element 311 and the switching element 312 can be suppressed, and the reliability of the power conversion device 100 improves. Further, since the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be adjusted to a value equal to the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 312DC, loss due to one power supply voltage becoming unnecessarily high during the switching operation is suppressed, and the power converter 100, the power consumption of the power conversion device 100 can be improved.
- the first embodiment even when a switching element having a poor forward current-forward voltage characteristic of the body diode is used, such as a WBG MOSFET, an increase in the power supply voltage of the drive circuit 311DC can be suppressed. , Especially a power converter 100 using a SiC MOSFET. Further, the first embodiment is suitable for the power converter 100 using a switching element having a characteristic of high sensitivity with respect to a gate drive voltage, such as a WBG switching element.
- the sensitivity regarding the gate drive voltage will be described.
- the conduction loss is determined by the on-resistance and the current value of the MOSFET, and it is known that the on-resistance greatly changes depending on the gate drive voltage.
- the gate drive voltage is low, the on-resistance tends to increase rapidly, and as the gate drive voltage increases, the on-resistance converges to a specific value.
- the semiconductor since the semiconductor has a withstand voltage, the gate drive voltage cannot be increased without limit.
- the on-resistance converges to a specific value when the gate drive voltage is 16 to 18V
- the drive voltage is reduced to 10 V
- the on-resistance becomes twice the above specific value.
- the change in the on-resistance according to the value of the gate drive voltage is referred to as sensitivity with respect to the gate drive voltage.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- first arm 31 includes switching element 313 as a fifth switching element and switching element 314 as a sixth switching element. Switching element 313 and switching element 314 are connected in series.
- FIG. 30 shows a configuration example in which synchronous control is performed using two arms.
- the control unit 10 controls each of the two switching elements 311 and 313 constituting the upper arm of the two switching element pairs. At the same time, and simultaneously drive each of the two switching elements 312 and 314 constituting the lower arm. Driving two switching elements connected in parallel at the same time is referred to as “parallel driving”.
- the current flowing through each switching element is reduced by half compared to the case where there is one switching element pair.
- the loss of the switching element decreases, so that the loss generated in the first arm 31 is reduced. Therefore, the bias of heat generation between the first arm 31 and the second arm 32 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 30 illustrates a configuration in which two switching element pairs are connected in parallel, but the number of switching element pairs is not limited to two, and may be n.
- the first arm 31 is configured by using n switching element pairs, the current flowing through one switching element pair becomes 1 / n, so that the loss in the first arm 31 can be further reduced. . Note that it is not necessary to completely eliminate the bias of loss among the n switching element pairs connected in parallel, and if the number of switching element pairs connected in parallel is selected as long as the bias of loss is allowable. Good.
- the control method of the switching elements connected in parallel is not limited to this, and a so-called interleave control in which the phases of the two switching elements connected in parallel are shifted by 180 ° may be used.
- the interleave control is performed by shifting the phase when the switching elements 311 and 313 connected in parallel are turned on by 180 °, and controlling the phase when turning on the switching elements 312 and 314 connected in parallel. Is shifted by 180 °. Thereby, the two switching elements connected in parallel are interleaved.
- one reactor 2 is provided between the AC power supply 1 and the first arm 31.
- the configuration of the first and second embodiments is not limited to this.
- a reactor may be provided between the power supply 1 and the second arm 32.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration that implements the control units according to the first and second embodiments.
- the control unit 10 described in the first and second embodiments is realized by the processor 201 and the memory 202.
- the processor 201 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a central processing unit, a processing device, an arithmetic unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a processor, also referred to as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or a system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- the memory 202 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Read Only Memory), or an EEPROM (registered trademark) and an electronically-available memory (Electrically Active Memory). .
- the semiconductor memory may be a nonvolatile memory or a volatile memory.
- the memory 202 may be a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) other than the semiconductor memory.
- the value command value calculator 27 is realized by the processor 201 and the memory 202 shown in FIG. That is, the processor 201 determines whether the power supply current command value control unit 21, the on-duty control unit 22, the power supply voltage phase calculation unit 23, the first pulse generation unit 24, the second pulse generation unit 25, the current command value calculation unit 26, and the instantaneous
- a program for operating as each of the value command value calculation units 27 is stored in the memory 202, and the processor 201 reads out and executes the program stored in the memory 202, thereby realizing each of the above units.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a motor drive device according to the third embodiment.
- the motor driving device 101 according to the third embodiment drives a motor 42 as a load.
- the motor driving device 101 includes the power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment, an inverter 41, a motor current detection unit 44, and an inverter control unit 43.
- the inverter 41 drives the motor 42 by converting DC power supplied from the power converter 100 into AC power and outputting the AC power to the motor 42.
- the motor driving device 101 may include the power conversion device 100A according to the second embodiment instead of the power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the load of the motor driving device 101 that is, the device connected to the inverter 41 is the motor 42.
- the device connected to the inverter 41 is a device to which AC power is input. Devices other than the motor 42 may be used.
- the inverter 41 is a circuit in which a switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or the like has a three-phase bridge configuration or a two-phase bridge configuration.
- the switching element used for the inverter 41 is not limited to the IGBT, but may be a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor, an IGCT (Insulated Gate Controlled Thyristor), a FET (Field Effect Transistor), or a MOSFET.
- the motor current detector 44 detects a current flowing between the inverter 41 and the motor 42.
- the inverter control unit 43 uses the current detected by the motor current detection unit 44 to generate and generate a PWM signal for driving a switching element in the inverter 41 so that the motor 42 rotates at the rotation speed.
- the generated PWM signal is output to the inverter 41.
- the inverter control unit 43 is realized by a processor and a memory, similarly to the control unit 10. Note that the inverter control unit 43 of the motor drive device 101 and the control unit 10 of the power conversion device 100 may be realized by one circuit.
- the bus voltage Vdc necessary for controlling the bridge circuit 3 shown in FIGS. Will change accordingly.
- the bus voltage Vdc that is the output of power conversion devices 100 and 100A.
- a region where the output voltage from the inverter 41 saturates beyond the upper limit limited by the bus voltage Vdc is called an overmodulation region.
- the number of windings on the stator of the motor 42 can be increased accordingly.
- the number of windings of the motor 42 is set to an appropriate value.
- the effect that the reliability of the motor driving device 101 is improved can be obtained.
- the switching element formed of the WBG semiconductor to the power conversion devices 100 and 100A according to the first and second embodiments, so that the temperature rise of the motor driving device 101 is suppressed, so that the size of the motor driving device 101 is reduced. Even if the size is reduced, the cooling ability of the components mounted on the motor drive device 101 can be ensured.
- the high-frequency driving of the switching element formed of the WBG semiconductor allows the reactor 2 to be reduced in size and loss. Therefore, by applying the switching element formed of the WBG semiconductor to the power conversion devices 100 and 100A according to the first and second embodiments, an increase in the weight of the motor driving device 101 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 4.
- the air conditioner 700 according to Embodiment 4 is an example of a refrigeration cycle device, and includes the motor drive device 101 and the motor 42 according to Embodiment 3.
- the air conditioner 700 includes a compressor 81, a four-way valve 82, an outdoor heat exchanger 83, an expansion valve 84, an indoor heat exchanger 85, and a refrigerant pipe 86.
- the air conditioner 700 may be a separate type air conditioner in which an outdoor unit is separated from an indoor unit, or an integrated type in which a compressor 81, an indoor heat exchanger 85, and an outdoor heat exchanger 83 are provided in one housing.
- An air conditioner may be used.
- a compression mechanism 87 for compressing the refrigerant and a motor 42 for operating the compression mechanism 87 are provided inside the compressor 81.
- the motor 42 is driven by the motor driving device 101.
- the refrigerant circulates through the compressor 81, the four-way valve 82, the outdoor heat exchanger 83, the expansion valve 84, the indoor heat exchanger 85, and the refrigerant pipe 86 to form a refrigeration cycle.
- the components included in the air conditioner 700 can be applied to equipment such as a refrigerator or a freezer including a refrigeration cycle.
- the motor 42 is used as a drive source of the compressor 81.
- the motor 42 drives each of an indoor unit blower and an outdoor unit blower (not shown) instead of the compressor 81. It may be a driving source.
- the motor 42 may be applied to each drive source of the indoor unit blower, the outdoor unit blower, and the compressor 81, and the three motors 42 may be driven by the motor drive device 101.
- the operation under the intermediate condition in which the output is equal to or less than half of the rated output, that is, the operation in the low output region is dominant throughout the year. Will be higher.
- the rotation speed of the motor 42 is low, and the bus voltage required for driving the motor 42 tends to be low. For this reason, it is effective in terms of system efficiency to operate the switching element used in the air conditioner 700 in a passive state. Therefore, power converter 100 capable of reducing loss in a wide range of operation modes from a passive state to a high-frequency switching state is useful for air conditioner 700.
- the reactor 2 can be downsized by the interleave control. However, since the air conditioner 700 often operates under intermediate conditions, the reactor 2 does not need to be downsized. , 100A are more effective in suppressing harmonics and in power supply power factor.
- the power converters 100 and 100A according to the first and second embodiments are suitable for the air conditioner 700 having high efficiency and high output of 4.0 kW or more.
- a switching element formed of a WBG semiconductor can be driven at a higher frequency than a switching element formed of a Si semiconductor. Therefore, the reactor 2 can be reduced in size and loss can be reduced by high-frequency driving. Therefore, the weight increase of the air conditioner 700 can be suppressed by applying the switching element formed of the WBG semiconductor to the power conversion devices 100 and 100A according to the first and second embodiments.
- the high-frequency driving of the switching element can reduce the switching loss, realize a low energy consumption rate, and realize a highly efficient air conditioner 700.
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Abstract
Description
図1は実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置100は、単相交流電源1から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換して負荷50に印加する交流直流変換機能を有する電源装置である。以下では単相交流電源1を単に交流電源1と称する場合がある。図1に示すように、電力変換装置100は、第1のリアクタであるリアクタ2と、ブリッジ回路3と、第1のコンデンサである平滑コンデンサ4と、電源電圧検出部5と、電源電流検出部6と、母線電圧検出部7と、制御部10とを備える。
実施の形態1では、直列接続された2つのスイッチング素子で構成される1つのスイッチング素子対が第1のアーム31に設けられているが、実施の形態2では、第1のアーム31にn個のスイッチング素子対を並列接続して同期制御を行う構成を説明する。nは2以上の整数である。図30は実施の形態2に係る電力変換装置の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態2に係る電力変換装置100Aでは、第1のアーム31が第5のスイッチング素子であるスイッチング素子313と第6のスイッチング素子であるスイッチング素子314とを備える。スイッチング素子313及びスイッチング素子314は、直列接続される。スイッチング素子313及びスイッチング素子314で構成されるスイッチング素子対は、スイッチング素子311及びスイッチング素子312で構成されるスイッチング素子対に並列接続される。スイッチング素子313とスイッチング素子314との接続点にはリアクタ2が接続される。図30には、2個のアームを用いて同期制御を行う構成例が示される。
図32は実施の形態3に係るモータ駆動装置の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態3に係るモータ駆動装置101は、負荷であるモータ42を駆動する。モータ駆動装置101は、実施の形態1の電力変換装置100と、インバータ41と、モータ電流検出部44と、インバータ制御部43とを備える。インバータ41は、電力変換装置100から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換してモータ42へ出力することにより、モータ42を駆動する。
図33は実施の形態4に係る空気調和機の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態4に係る空気調和機700は、冷凍サイクル装置の一例であり、実施の形態3に係るモータ駆動装置101及びモータ42を備える。また、空気調和機700は、圧縮機81、四方弁82、室外熱交換器83、膨張弁84、室内熱交換器85及び冷媒配管86を備える。
Claims (22)
- 交流電源から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換する電力変換装置であって、
それぞれが前記交流電源に接続される第1の配線及び第2の配線と、
前記第1の配線上に配置される第1のリアクタと、
第1のスイッチング素子と、第2のスイッチング素子と、第1の接続点を有する第3の配線とを備え、前記第1のスイッチング素子及び前記第2のスイッチング素子は前記第3の配線により直列に接続され、前記第1の接続点は前記第1の配線により前記第1のリアクタに接続される第1のアームと、
前記第1のアームと並列に接続され、第3のスイッチング素子と、第4のスイッチング素子と、第2の接続点を有する第4の配線とを備え、前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子は前記第4の配線により直列に接続され、前記第2の接続点は前記第2の配線により前記交流電源に接続される第2のアームと、
前記第2のアームと並列に接続される第1のコンデンサと、
前記第1のスイッチング素子を駆動する第1の駆動信号を出力する第1の駆動回路と、
前記第1の駆動回路の電源電圧を前記第1の駆動回路に与える第2のコンデンサを有するブートストラップ回路と、
順方向電流が流れ始める電圧である第1の電圧が前記第2のスイッチング素子に形成されるボディダイオードに順方向電流が流れ始める電圧である第2の電圧よりも低く、前記電源電圧を調整するためのダイオードと、
を備える電力変換装置。 - 前記ダイオードは、前記第2のコンデンサと前記第1の駆動回路との間に設けられる請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記ダイオードは、前記第2のスイッチング素子に並列接続される請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記ダイオードは、前記ブートストラップ回路に設けられる請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第2のスイッチング素子を駆動する第2の駆動信号を出力する第2の駆動回路を備え、
前記第1の電圧は、前記第1の駆動信号の電圧が前記第2の駆動信号の電圧と等しくなる値に設定される請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1のアームのスイッチング周波数は、前記第2のアームのスイッチング周波数よりも高い請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1のアームのスイッチング周波数は、前記交流電源の周波数の266倍よりも高い請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1のアームのスイッチング周波数は、16kHzよりも高い請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1のスイッチング素子及び前記第2のスイッチング素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体で形成される請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素又は窒化ガリウム系材料である請求項9に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子は、炭化珪素半導体で形成される請求項9又は10に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子は、スーパージャンクション金属酸化膜半導体電界効果型トランジスタである請求項9又は10に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームの少なくとも1つが2in1モジュールに実装される請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記交流電源から出力される電源電流を検出する電流検出部を備え、
前記電源電流に応じて、前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子のオンを許可するか否かを決定する請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電源電流が閾値以下の場合には、前記第1のスイッチング素子及び前記第2のスイッチング素子のオンを許可せず、前記電源電流が前記閾値より大きい場合には、前記第1のスイッチング素子及び前記第2のスイッチング素子のオンを許可する請求項14に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電源電流が閾値以下の場合には、前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子のオンを許可せず、前記電源電流が前記閾値より大きい場合には、前記第3のスイッチング素子及び前記第4のスイッチング素子のオンを許可する請求項14に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記第1のアームは、
直列接続される第5のスイッチング素子及び第6のスイッチング素子を備え、
前記第5のスイッチング素子は前記第1のスイッチング素子と並列接続され、
前記第6のスイッチング素子は前記第2のスイッチング素子と並列接続される請求項1から16の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1のスイッチング素子及び前記第5のスイッチング素子は同時に駆動され、
前記第2のスイッチング素子及び前記第6のスイッチング素子は同時に駆動される請求項17に記載の電力変換装置。 - モータを駆動するモータ駆動装置であって、
請求項1から18の何れか一項に記載の電力変換装置と、
前記電力変換装置から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変換して前記モータへ出力するインバータと、
を備えるモータ駆動装置。 - 前記モータと、
請求項19に記載のモータ駆動装置と、
を備える空気調和機。 - 前記モータで駆動される送風機を備える請求項20に記載の空気調和機。
- 前記モータで駆動される圧縮機を備える請求項20に記載の空気調和機。
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