WO2020016012A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'épuration de gaz au moyen d'une solution électrolytique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'épuration de gaz au moyen d'une solution électrolytique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020016012A1
WO2020016012A1 PCT/EP2019/067880 EP2019067880W WO2020016012A1 WO 2020016012 A1 WO2020016012 A1 WO 2020016012A1 EP 2019067880 W EP2019067880 W EP 2019067880W WO 2020016012 A1 WO2020016012 A1 WO 2020016012A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte solution
gas
gas scrubber
scrubbing
solution
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PCT/EP2019/067880
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schelch
Wolfgang Staber
Robert Hermann
Wolfgang Wesner
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Pro Aqua Diamantelektroden Produktion Gmbh & Co Kg
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Priority to DE112019003632.7T priority Critical patent/DE112019003632A5/de
Publication of WO2020016012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020016012A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/302—Alkali metal compounds of lithium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/606—Carbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for performing
  • gas scrubbers for cleaning gases or gas mixtures, in particular for cleaning exhaust gases.
  • gas scrubbers the gas or gas mixture is brought into contact with a solution in order to convert such solid, liquid or gaseous components of the gas or gas mixture into the washing liquid
  • gas scrubbers are used to suspend smoke
  • Solid particles or liquid particles suspended in gases separated from each other are also known to use gas scrubbers to absorb sulfur dioxide contained in the flue gas.
  • a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset are known, for example, from AT 519 109 B1. After the gas scrubbing, the electrolyte solution is regenerated by the following steps:
  • the device known from AT 518 109 B1 therefore comprises a gas scrubber, a conversion device and a device for deionization and desorption.
  • DE 1 097 075 B discloses a device for carrying out gas scrubbing with an electrodialysis cell for regenerating the scrubbing solution.
  • the electrodialysis cell has, for example, two cation exchange membranes, one of which
  • the scrubbing liquid for gas scrubbing is alkaline, preferably contains potassium ions and is formed in the cathode compartment.
  • CA 2 592 926 A1 discloses a method for treating an acidic gas, in which hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are removed from the gas and which comprises an electrodialysis step.
  • the method and the device which are known from AT 519 109 B1, can only be implemented with a relatively high level of technical and apparatus complexity.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of making available a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which one or which with considerably less technical outlay than the known method or the known one
  • the object is achieved by a method for performing gas scrubbing using a basic aqueous electrolyte solution as scrubbing liquid, which contains at least one compound from the group lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate or lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide and which in at least with a gas washer brought into contact with a gas to be cleaned and after gas washing from the
  • Gas scrubber is discharged, with at least a partial flow of the loaded electrolyte solution being continuously regenerated according to the following regeneration steps:
  • Phosphoric acid or nitric acid is passed through the anode compartment in a separate circuit, or
  • step a) and / or during step b) and step c) and / or after step c) carbon dioxide is separated from the electrolytic solution.
  • the object is further achieved by a device for carrying out gas scrubbing using an electrolyte solution as the scrubbing liquid
  • At least one electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell with one
  • Phosphate anions or nitrate anions is passable, being from the scrubber originating electrolyte solution can be passed through the electrodialysis cell and can be passed from there to the gas scrubber.
  • the essential method steps compared to the method known from AT 519 109 B1 are technically easier to carry out, so that the associated device also has a significantly simpler structure. This is achieved in particular by using an electrodialysis cell designed as a flow cell with an ion-selective membrane.
  • the device according to the invention can be used with just one
  • the cathode compartment of the electrodialysis cell is the one that serves as the washing liquid
  • Electrolyte solution recovered Anions are either “pulled out” of the electrolyte solution, whereby the anions pass through an anion-selective membrane, or cations are “pushed” into the electrolyte solution, the cations coming from the solution “correspondingly” adjacent to the electrolyte solution serving as washing liquid and a cation-selective one Membrane.
  • Anions are either “pulled out” of the electrolyte solution, whereby the anions pass through an anion-selective membrane, or cations are “pushed” into the electrolyte solution, the cations coming from the solution “correspondingly” adjacent to the electrolyte solution serving as washing liquid and a cation-selective one Membrane.
  • the “hydrolysis step” can also be dispensed with. Hydrolysis is particularly advantageous when "stubborn" contamination in the electrolyte solution has to be broken down.
  • the device according to the invention is operated, for example, as an air conditioning system, a hydrolysis step is not necessary.
  • the electrolyte solution is introduced into a degasser before step a) and mixed therein with phosphoric acid or nitric acid, which is in particular a partial stream of the phosphoric acid or nitric acid formed according to step c) and passed through the anode compartment in a separate circuit, where
  • resulting carbon dioxide is derived from the degasser.
  • a degasser is advantageous when washing gas heavily loaded with carbon dioxide. larger Amounts of carbon dioxide that are released during the regeneration of the electrolytic solution in the electrodialysis cell could namely be the electrodialytic
  • the basic aqueous electrolyte solution used for gas scrubbing has a pH of at least 12.0, preferably of> 13.0. Such a pH value suppresses the growth of germs, keeps the device sterile and ensures a particularly pure washed gas.
  • a further preferred variant is characterized in that the partial stream of the electrolyte solution which is regenerated according to steps a) to c) contains 1% to 30%, preferably at least 10%, of the loaded
  • Gas scrubbing is completely sufficient to regenerate such a partial stream of the scrubbing solution.
  • the exact size of the partial flow is particularly the
  • the electrolyte solution is introduced electrostatically when it is introduced into the gas scrubber, in particular by means of line ionization or corona ionization, and is deposited on separating electrodes arranged in the gas scrubber and is subsequently discharged for subsequent regeneration.
  • the electrolyte solution is essentially completely separated from the cleaned gas, which is particularly advantageous for an optionally provided UV radiation of the gas.
  • the gas is exposed to UV radiation, in particular UV radiation with a wavelength ⁇ 200 nm, preferably with a wavelength of 185 nm, immediately before or immediately after the gas scrubbing.
  • UV radiation completely or partially oxidizes organic compounds which are poorly sorbable in the electrolyte solution by photolysis.
  • inorganic substances which have not been dissolved in the electrolyte solution and have been taken up by the electrolyte solution during gas scrubbing are separated from the electrolyte solution by means of a mechanical separating device before steps a) to c).
  • Such inorganic substances include
  • the gas to be cleaned which is brought into contact with the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber, is ambient air.
  • a corresponding combination of the preferred variants mentioned below enables air conditioning of the room air, so that in addition to the air treatment, the air temperature and the air humidity are set via the gas washing already mentioned.
  • Adjustment of the temperature is made possible if the gas is cooled or heated by means of the electrolytic solution during the gas scrubbing. This takes place in particular before the gas scrubbing via heating / cooling devices and alternatively or additionally by means of a cooling machine or by means of adiabatic cooling, in particular by evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution.
  • the air humidity is regulated via the ion concentration of the regenerated electrolyte solution. This is preferably set by supplying or removing water from the electrolyte solution before the gas scrubbing to change its ion concentration.
  • Electrodialysis cell has at least two ion-selective membranes and at least one bipolar membrane positioned between them, so that between the anode space and the cathode space there are two electrolysis chambers, each separated by the bipolar membrane, each with an inlet and an outlet.
  • Such an electrodialysis cell is characterized by its compact design and enables a high throughput of the electrolyte solution to be regenerated. It is further preferred if the device has a heating / cooling device, via which the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber can be conducted in countercurrent to the regenerated electrolyte solution.
  • Such heating / cooling device have in
  • the device is intended for washing gases with a high carbon dioxide content, it is advantageous if it has a degasser connected upstream of the electrodialysis cell for expelling carbon dioxide from the washing liquid.
  • the device is intended for washing particles-containing gases, it is also advantageous if it is the gas scrubber and possibly the degasser
  • upstream mechanical separator for separating inorganic impurities which are not soluble in the electrolyte solution.
  • the gas scrubber is designed as a tray column, as a packed column, as a packing column or as a plate washer.
  • Such gas scrubbers are characterized by particularly high contact areas for the gas to be scrubbed and the scrubbing liquid, as a result of which gas scrubbing can be carried out particularly efficiently.
  • the device preferably has a heating / cooling device, via which the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber is countercurrent to the regenerated one
  • the device has a heating / cooling device for heating or cooling the regenerated electrolyte solution.
  • the device has a unit for concentrating the electrolyte solution.
  • the device also has a continuous conductivity measuring device and / or a continuous density measuring device, in particular a bending oscillator, for determining the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution.
  • a device according to the invention can be operated as an air conditioning system.
  • air conditioning system with heat exchangers, on the solid surfaces of which the water vapor contained in the room air condenses, so that these surfaces are kept constantly moist, the water vapor adsorbed from the room air in the electrolytic solution is quickly removed when the gas is scrubbed.
  • the high pH of the electrolyte solution particularly effectively suppresses the growth of germs; at a pH of at least 12, the washing solution is essentially sterile, so that the device is kept essentially germ-free. This means that the maintenance effort is significantly lower than with conventional air conditioning systems.
  • Fig.l is a simplified schematic flow diagram of a device according to one
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a first variant
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of an electrodialysis cell according to a second variant
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a third
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a fourth
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a fifth
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of an electrodialysis cell according to a sixth variant.
  • the invention is concerned with a method and a device for carrying out a gas scrubbing by means of an electrolyte solution and is described below with the aid of
  • Components are or are described in a manner coordinated with the sequence of the steps of the method.
  • Example 1 Device for tempering, dehumidifying and moistening and cleaning
  • Carbon dioxide (approx. 800 g per person per day) or any volatile organic compounds - so-called “VOCs” (volatile organic compounds) - that come from furniture or floors - such as solvent vapors.
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • the carbon dioxide that accumulates in the indoor air significantly affects the quality of the indoor air. If the carbon dioxide concentrations rise above 1500 ppm over a longer period of time, this has the known physiological effects, such as respiratory depression, headache or dizziness.
  • every person loses approx. 1 kg of water per day in the form of sweat, which is introduced into the air as "polluted" water vapor. Dust consisting of: also collects in the room air
  • soot particles for example soot particles, plastic particles, dead skin flakes, bacteria, mold spores, fine hair or lint
  • a device according to the invention according to example 1 can be understood as an air conditioning system or
  • an air conditioning system is “a combination of all components that provide a form of air treatment
  • Step 1 gas washing
  • the room air 1 to be treated is introduced into a gas scrubber 2, in particular sucked in by the latter.
  • the gas scrubber 2 is continuously supplied with an aqueous basic electrolyte solution serving as a washing liquid, which, as also indicated in FIG. 1, is sprayed into the gas scrubber 2 and thus forms finely divided droplets in it.
  • aqueous basic electrolyte solution serving as a washing liquid
  • Electrolyte solution is performed.
  • the electrolytic solution is, in particular, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, hereinafter referred to as potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution, which has a pH of at least 12, preferably> 13.
  • the high pH value of the electrolytic solution is an advantage because it allows the growth of germs in the
  • the potassium hydroxide / potassium carbonate solution passed into the gas scrubber 2 was preferably obtained by dissolving potassium hydroxide and Produced potassium carbonate, the total amount of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate is chosen such that the solution is either saturated or
  • carbon dioxide contained in the ambient air 1 is chemically bound to potassium hydroxide of the electrolyte solution.
  • the amount of carbon dioxide separated from the room air 1 is particularly dependent on the pH of the electrolyte solution and the residence time of the room air 1 in the gas scrubber 2.
  • the residence time corresponds in a known manner to the quotient of the reactor volume and the volume flow emerging from the reactor, so that the residence time in Example 1 results from the volume of the gas scrubber 2 and the volume flow of the cleaned room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2.
  • the gas scrubber 2 is used as a tray column
  • the electrolyte solution in the gas scrubber 2 is electrostatically charged during the spraying, for example by means of a
  • the finely divided electrolyzed electrolyte solution loaded with impurities is deposited on separating electrodes (not shown in FIG. 1) arranged in the gas scrubber 2, in particular in the form of lamellae, and subsequently discharged.
  • the distance between the lamellar Ab separating electrodes is in the millimeter range and is in particular up to 10.0 mm.
  • room air 1 discharged from the gas scrubber 2 is UV-radiation with a wavelength ⁇ 200 nm, in particular with a
  • Wavelength of about 185 nm Due to the high-energy UV radiation, organic compounds that are poorly sorbable are completely or partially oxidized by photolysis, especially in the electrolyte solution. In connection with that in the
  • Molecular oxygen (0 2 ) and water vapor contained in indoor air 1 generate UV rays, highly reactive OH radicals as well as singlet oxygen and ozone.
  • the oxidizing agents formed, in particular the radicals react with the molecules of the organic compounds (for example methane) contained in the ambient air 1 and oxidize them in this way.
  • methane is broken down into water and carbon dioxide.
  • Any larger organic molecules contained in the ambient air 1 are partially oxidized, in particular carboxyl or hydroxyl groups in the molecules or molecular fragments are incorporated and in this way in particular carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols are formed.
  • UV radiation of the room air 1 is therefore a particularly advantageous addition to gas scrubbing.
  • the UV radiation can take place between two or more basic gas washes.
  • the room air 1 can be cooled or heated during the gas scrubbing.
  • an appropriately temperature-controlled electrolyte solution is sprayed into the gas scrubber 1, a cooled electrolyte solution for cooling, a heated electrolyte solution for heating.
  • the heating or cooling of the electrolyte solution takes place when it is returned to the gas scrubber 2 after the regeneration, preferably via heating / cooling devices 18, 19.
  • the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 are designed as a Peltier element cascade.
  • the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 are designed as a Peltier element cascade.
  • Electrolyte solution for example by means of a refrigerator or an adiabatic
  • Cooling down in particular through evaporation of water from the electrolyte solution.
  • the energy required to heat the electrolyte solution is provided, for example, by burning heating oil or natural gas, using a heat pump, a heat store, photovoltaics or Peltier elements.
  • the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 is preferably particularly powerful and is therefore of a correspondingly large size, as a result of which their positioning in the vicinity of the gas scrubber 2 could be difficult. It is therefore preferred if, as shown in FIG. 1, at least one more
  • Heating / cooling device 3 for example a heat pump, in particular a
  • Compression heat pump or a Peltier element is provided, which or which is closer to the gas scrubber 2 than the heating / cooling devices 18, 19. Die
  • Heating / cooling device 3 can in particular contribute to the
  • the lines can be in particular heat-insulated
  • Plastic pipes can be executed.
  • the humidity of the cleaned room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2 can be adjusted via the ion concentration and the types of ions of the electrolyte solution.
  • Ion concentration and in room air 1 a defined relative humidity, that is, a certain proportion of water vapor.
  • Ion concentration of the sprayed electrolyte solution is, the higher the relative air humidity of the cleaned room air 1 exiting the gas scrubber 2. It is therefore possible to operate the gas scrubber 2 in such a way that the room air exiting from it is a defined and constant or at least largely constant Has humidity. If the room air 1 is humidified, that is to say the room air 1 absorbs water from the electrolyte solution introduced into the gas scrubber 2, the method is carried out in such a way that the relative humidity of the supplied electrolyte solution is higher than its relative equilibrium humidity. Otherwise, salts could precipitate out of the electrolyte solution from the electrolyte solution - after the water has been released into the room air 1.
  • the room air 1 is humidified, that is to say the room air 1 absorbs water from the electrolyte solution introduced into the gas scrubber 2
  • the method is carried out in such a way that the relative humidity of the supplied electrolyte solution is higher than its relative equilibrium humidity. Otherwise, salts could precipitate out of the electrolyte solution
  • the ion concentration is set during or after the regeneration of the electrolyte solution, as will be described further below.
  • the water vapor adsorbed from the room air in the electrolytic solution becomes rapid when dehumidified by means of gas scrubbers removed.
  • the high pH value of the electrolyte solution advantageously suppresses the growth of germs; at the mentioned pH value of at least 12, the washing solution is essentially sterile, so that the device according to the invention is kept essentially germ-free.
  • electrolytic solution is used in several
  • Regeneration steps regenerated and then added to the scrubber 2 as a washing liquid.
  • the emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is the electrolyte solution
  • Heating / cooling device 3 conducts and cools or heats, as mentioned above, the already regenerated washing solution (electrolytic solution) when it is returned to the gas scrubber 2.
  • Organic compounds sorbed in the derived electrolytic solution optionally with the addition of heat, become completely or essentially completely in the electrolytic solution. If organic acids have been adsorbed by the electrolytic solution, they dissociate, whereby the acids or by the ions formed by dissociation of the acids are neutralized and water-soluble salts are formed, which form directly in the
  • Electrolyte solution can be solved.
  • the electrolyte solution is in an optional first
  • Regeneration step passed into a mechanical separator 4, in which any insoluble inorganic impurities adsorbed from the room air 1, for example sand or hair, are separated from the electrolyte solution.
  • the mechanical separation takes place, for example, by means of filtration, sedimentation, flotation or centrifugation.
  • the electrolyte solution derived from the gas scrubber 2 largely consists of a solution dissolved in water
  • the electrolyte solution is divided into two partial streams TSi and TS 2 , if necessary after performing the mechanical separation process mentioned.
  • the partial flow TSi is used, as explained below, to increase the
  • Electrodialysis cell 6 slides and subsequently merged with partial flow TS 2 .
  • the partial flow TSi comprises in particular 1% to 30% (mass percent), preferably at least 10%, of the entire electrolyte solution (TSi + TS 2 ).
  • the exact size of the partial flow TSi is adapted to the “regeneration capacity” of the electrodialysis cell 6 and the CCh separation capacity of the gas scrubber 2.
  • the division of the electrolyte solution into the two partial streams TSi and TS 2 takes place in particular in a known manner, for example via a corresponding valve, a pump or the like.
  • the introduced partial flow TSi of the electrolyte solution is brought into contact with and mixed with a phosphoric acid (H3PO4, partial flow TS 3 ) which is also introduced into the degasser 5 and which is generated in an electrodialysis cell 6 connected downstream of the degasser 5.
  • H3PO4, partial flow TS 3 a phosphoric acid
  • At least the majority of the carbonates and bicarbonates previously contained in the gas scrubber contained in the partial flow TSi are converted into corresponding phosphates, in the exemplary embodiment described in particular into potassium phosphate (K3PO4) (“displacement reaction”), carbon dioxide and water also being produced.
  • the position of the equilibrium of the individual species of the phosphates depends on the pH value - according to a Haegg diagram known to the person skilled in the art. It will
  • the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) is derived from the degasser 5 into the environment, in particular into the outside air (“outside”), or processed in accordance with a further intended use.
  • the "degassed" electrolyte solution contains especially potassium cations (K + ), phosphate anions (PO4 3 ), hydrogen phosphate anions (HPO4 2 ), dihydrogen phosphate anions (H 2 P0 4 _ ) and carbonate anions (CO3 2 ).
  • Bicarbonate anions (HCO3) are no or hardly any more in the degassed electrolyte solution at the mentioned pH value of 4 to 5 available.
  • the degassed electrolyte solution is passed on from the degasser 5 into the already mentioned electrodialysis cell 6, in which the third regeneration step takes place.
  • the electrodialysis cell 6 is a two-chamber cell designed as a flow cell with a liquid-tight and electrically non-conductive housing 7, for example made of a plastic.
  • a liquid-tight and electrically non-conductive housing 7 for example made of a plastic.
  • the housing 7 there is a center
  • Anion exchange membrane 8 hereinafter referred to as AAM 8, which positions the electrodialysis cell 6 in a cathode space 9 with a cathode 9a and one
  • Anode space 10 with an anode lOa divides.
  • the cathode compartment 9 and the anode compartment 10 each have an inlet 11 and an outlet 12 which are connected to one another
  • cathode chamber 9 corresponds to that through the anode chamber 10.
  • the degassed electrolyte solution is in the corresponding inlet 11 in the
  • Cathode compartment 9 is introduced into the anode compartment 10 via the corresponding one
  • water molecules (H 2 0) of the electrolytic solution are electrolytically split at the cathode 9 a, whereby molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and hydroxide ions (OH) are formed.
  • An aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is formed in the cathode compartment 9 from the potassium cations (K + ) and the hydroxide ions (OH).
  • the phosphate anions (PO 4 3 , HP0 4 2 , H 2 P0 4 _ ) and the (hydrogen) carbonate anions (HCO 3 , CO 2 ) are attracted to the anode lOa and pass through the AAM, including the hydration shell (attached water molecules) 8 and therefore get into the anode compartment 10. Water molecules pass through the AAM8 on the one hand as a hydration shell attached to the anions mentioned and also because of the osmotic pressure.
  • H 3 PO 4 introduced phosphoric acid
  • H 3 PO 4 phosphoric acid
  • Anions are converted into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), so that via the outlet 12 of the anode compartment 10 a “more concentrated” phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) as well as oxygen (O 2 ) and traces of - compared to the phosphoric acid introduced into the anode compartment 10
  • Wash solution initiated in order to increase the oxygen content of the room air 1 to be cleaned in the course of gas scrubbing.
  • the oxygen including any traces of carbon dioxide, can be fed directly to the room air 1 via a separate line.
  • the phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) emerging from the anode compartment 13 is divided into a partial stream TS 4 leading to the inlet 11 of the anode compartment 10 and the partial stream TS 3 leading to the degasser 5 (FIG. 1). Water is fed to the partial flow TS 3 in a correspondingly regulated manner if required (FIG. 1).
  • the electrolyte solution regenerated in this way (partial flow TS2 + TS5) is guided via a unit 20 for concentration, optionally via the heating / cooling devices 18, 19 and the heating / cooling device 3, and temperature-controlled to the gas scrubber 2
  • the humidity of the room air emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is regulated via the ion concentration of the electrolyte solution.
  • the desired ion concentration can be increased via the electrolytic water splitting in the electrodialysis cell 6 and, if appropriate, can thereby also be set simultaneously. If the ion concentration of the combined partial flows TS2 and TS5 is lower than the desired ion concentration, this is concentrated by means of the unit 20 increased by water removal, for example by blowing off, evaporation, for example by means of an infrared evaporator, or by means of membrane distillation. If the ion concentration of the combined partial flows TS 2 and TS 5 is higher than the desired ion concentration, a water connection, not shown, is located above the water connection, for example
  • Heating / cooling devices 18, 19 is located, water supplied to the regenerated electrolyte solution.
  • the relative humidity of the room air 1 emerging from the gas scrubber 2 is measured continuously.
  • the ion concentration in the electrolyte solution is preferably determined by its conductivity, in particular by means of a conductivity measuring device (conductivity sensor), and / or by its density, in particular by means of a conductivity measuring device (conductivity sensor), and / or by its density, in particular by means of a
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative mode of operation of the electrodialysis cell 6.
  • the degassed electrolyte solution is divided and therefore introduced into both the cathode space 9 and the anode space 10.
  • This mode of operation differs from the mode of operation discussed with reference to FIG. 2 in that the solution emerging from the anode space 10 additionally contains potassium phosphate (K3PO4) and the solution emerging from the cathode space 9 additionally contains traces of
  • the bipolar electrodialysis cell 6 has a housing 7, in which a bipolar membrane 13, hereinafter referred to as BPM 13, is positioned in the center. On both sides of the BPM 13 there is an essentially parallel to the BPM 13, at least largely identical intervals
  • Anion exchange membrane 8 (AAM 8) positioned.
  • the BPM 13 consists of a hydrogen ion exchange membrane l3a, a hydroxide ion Exchange membrane l3b and a catalytic between them
  • the electrodialysis cell 6 has an electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a, which is separated from a cathode chamber 9 with a cathode 9a by the AAM 8 on the left in FIG. 1. Furthermore, the electrodialysis cell 6 has an adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b of the BPM 13
  • Electrolysis chamber 15 which is separated from the anode compartment 10 with anode 10a by the other AAM 8 on the right in FIG. 1.
  • the cathode compartment 9, the anode compartment 10 and the electrolysis chambers 14, 15 each have an inlet 11 and an outlet 12, the inlets 11 and the outlets 12 being designed such that the flow directions through the cathode compartment 9, the anode compartment 10 and through the Electrolysis chambers 14, 15 match.
  • the degassed electrolyte solution coming from the degasser 5 is via the
  • corresponding inlets 11 are introduced essentially simultaneously into the cathode chamber 9 and into the electrolysis chamber 15 adjacent to the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b.
  • Phosphoric acid is introduced into the anode compartment 10 and the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a.
  • potassium hydroxide solution KOH
  • Hydrogen (H 2 ) formed which are discharged via the corresponding outlet 12.
  • the phosphate anions (P0 4 3 , HP0 4 2 , H 2 P0 4 ) and the hydrogen carbonate anions (CO3 2 , HCO3) are drawn from the cathode compartment 9 through the corresponding AAM 8 into the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane l3a , Furthermore, the catalytic intermediate layer 13c by electrolytic
  • Hydrogen ions (H + ) formed by water splitting are passed through the hydrogen ion exchange membrane l3a into the electrolysis chamber 14.
  • Hydrogen ions (H + ) formed by water splitting are passed through the hydrogen ion exchange membrane l3a into the electrolysis chamber 14.
  • Electrolysis chamber 14 also form phosphoric acid (H 3 P0 4 ), molecular oxygen (0 2 ) and small amounts of carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), which on the corresponding
  • potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is formed from the electrolyte solution introduced, the required hydroxide ions (OH) being formed on the catalytic intermediate layer 13c and being passed into the chamber 15 through the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b.
  • Phosphate anions P0 4 3- , HP0 4 2 , H 2 P0 4
  • (hydrogen) carbonate anions CO3 2 , HCO3 are drawn from the electrolysis chamber 15 through the corresponding AAM 8 into the anode compartment 10 and there onto the described manner (see description of the electrodialysis cell 6) under electrolytic water splitting to phosphoric acid (H 3 P0 4 ).
  • FIG. 5 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 ", which is constructed analogously to the electrodialysis cell 6 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3), but instead of the AAM 8 has a cation exchange membrane 16 (KAM 16).
  • KAM 16 cation exchange membrane 16
  • Electrodialysis cell 6 (division of the degassed electrolyte solution into the cathode compartment 9 and into the anode compartment 10).
  • the KAM 16 is a membrane that is selective for potassium cations (K + ).
  • K + potassium hydroxide
  • FIG. 6 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 ′′ “with two cation exchange membranes 16 (KAM 16) and a BPM 13 located between them, so that electrolysis chambers 14, 15 adjoining the BPM 13 are present (analogously to FIG. 4).
  • KAM 16 cation exchange membranes 16
  • Operation corresponds to the electrodialysis cell 6 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 5, so that the degassed electrolyte solution is divided between the cathode chamber 9, the anode chamber 10 and the electrolysis chambers 14, 15.
  • a solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium phosphate (K 3 PO 4 ) emerges from the cathode compartment 9
  • Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and traces of carbon dioxide emerge from the electrolysis chamber 14 adjoining the hydrogen ion exchange membrane 13a.
  • a solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium phosphate (K 3 PO 4 ) emerges from the electrolysis chamber 15 adjoining the hydroxide ion exchange membrane 13b.
  • Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) mixed with oxygen (0 2 ) and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) traces emerge from the anode compartment 10.
  • FIG. 7 shows an electrodialysis cell 6 "" with a KAM 16 delimiting the cathode chamber 9, an AAM 8 delimiting the anode chamber 10 and one between the
  • KAM 16 and the AAM 8 located electrolysis chamber 17.
  • Potassium cations (K + ) are drawn into the cathode compartment 9 and phosphate anions (PO4 3 ) as well
  • Potassium hydroxide goes into solution, so that a potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) with a higher concentration and hydrogen (H 2 ) emerge from the cathode compartment 9.
  • the potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) emerging from the cathode compartment 9 is divided into a substream TS 6 , which is returned to the cathode compartment 9, and into a substream TS 7 .
  • the partial flow TS 7 is combined with the solution emerging from the electrolysis chamber 17 and jointly fed to the partial flow TS 2 (FIG. 1). If necessary, water can be supplied.
  • Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is introduced into the anode compartment 10.
  • Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), oxygen (0 2 ) and small amounts are formed in the anode compartment 10
  • Carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) The solution emerging from the anode compartment 10 is operated as in the variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Gas washer introduced and there “washed” with a basic electrolyte solution, in particular a potassium carbonate / potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the basic electrolyte solution absorbs organic acids, thiols, carbon dioxide and any germs from the house air.
  • the organic compounds are preferably in the basic electrolyte solution
  • the fuft already washed with the basic electrolyte solution in the application example the stall air, is passed to a second gas scrubber for further processing, in which gas scrubbing is carried out with an acidic electrolyte solution, for example with sulfuric acid, as a result of which alkaline present in the stall air Impurities, such as ammonia and amines, are removed.
  • an acidic electrolyte solution for example with sulfuric acid
  • sulfuric acid can be recovered and ammonia solution obtained in the electrodialysis cell 6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "". Furthermore, carbon dioxide is formed in the degasser 5 as a by-product.
  • Example 3 Device for processing biogas and carbon dioxide utilization
  • Biogas formed from the direct fermentation of biomass contains large amounts of carbon dioxide, in particular biogas consists of up to about 50% carbon dioxide.
  • biogas consists of up to about 50% carbon dioxide.
  • the biogas to be treated is introduced into a gas scrubber in a manner analogous to example 1 and there with a basic electrolyte solution, in particular one
  • a solution can be used as the washing solution, tailored to the respective application, which at least contains lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate,
  • Carbon dioxide concentrations in the gas are an advantage.
  • Hydrogen carbonates are particularly effective in "expelling"
  • the electrolytic solution can also be used without degassing, i.e. without passing through the
  • Degasser 5 are regenerated, especially if the carbon dioxide concentration in the room air is low.
  • the electrolyte solution contains in particular Potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium phosphate and is led into all rooms or electrolysis chambers of the respective electrodialysis cell. At least the majority of the gases that form (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen) are separated from the electrolyte solution emerging from the electrodialysis cell. From all of the gases that form (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen) are separated from the electrolyte solution emerging from the electrodialysis cell. From all
  • Electrolysis chamber or rooms of the electrodialysis cell occurs a regenerated
  • Electrolyte solution The emerging electrolyte solutions can be combined and as
  • Wash solution can be used.
  • nitric acid HNO 3
  • HNO 3 nitric acid
  • the bipolar design electrodialysis cell can have several bipolar membranes.
  • several electrodialysis cells operated in parallel can be charged with the electrolyte solution to be regenerated at the same time.
  • AAM Anion exchange membrane

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'épuration de gaz au moyen d'une solution électrolytique aqueuse basique en tant que liquide d'épuration, qui contient au moins un composé du groupe carbonate de lithium, de sodium ou de potassium ou hydroxyde de lithium, de sodium ou de potassium, et qui est mise en contact avec un gaz à épurer (1) dans au moins un épurateur de gaz (2) et évacuée hors de l'épurateur de gaz (2) après l'épuration, au moins un flux partiel (TS1) de la solution électrolytique chargée étant régénéré en continu selon les étapes de régénération ci-après : a) introduction de la solution électrolytique dans au moins une cellule d'électrodialyse (6, 6', 6'', 6''', 6'''') conçue sous la forme d'une cellule d'écoulement et comportant une chambre anodique (10), une chambre cathodique (9) et au moins une membrane sélective aux ions (8, 16) se trouvant entre la chambre anodique (10) et la chambre cathodique (9), b) formation d'une solution électrolytique aqueuse basique au moins dans la chambre cathodique (9) par décomposition électrolytique de l'eau, et retour de la solution électrolytique formée vers l'épurateur de gaz (2), c) formation d'acide phosphorique ou d'acide nitrique dans la chambre anodique (10), l'acide phosphorique ou l'acide nitrique traversant la chambre anodique (10) dans un circuit distinct, ou formation dans la chambre anodique (10) de phosphate(s) ou de nitrate(s) qui présentent en tant que cation un des cations du liquide d'épuration, le ou les phosphates ou le ou les nitrates rejoignant la solution électrolytique évacuée de la chambre cathodique (9) et retournant avec cette dernière vers l'épurateur de gaz (2). Pendant les étapes b) et c), la membrane sélective aux ions est traversée par au moins des anions de phosphate, des anions de nitrate ou des cations du liquide d'épuration, et avant l'étape a) et/ou pendant l'étape b) et l'étape c) et/ou après l'étape c), le dioxyde de carbone est séparé de la solution électrolytique.
PCT/EP2019/067880 2018-07-19 2019-07-03 Procédé et dispositif d'épuration de gaz au moyen d'une solution électrolytique WO2020016012A1 (fr)

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US11465908B1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-10-11 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Generation of an alkaline liquid and forming a continuous generation alkaline liquid loop
US11612858B2 (en) * 2021-04-10 2023-03-28 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Exhaust gas cleanup and recovery system CO2 capture and sequestration with commercial byproducts
WO2023160261A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 东南大学 Système et procédé de capture et de régénération électrique et de conversion synchrone de co2
US12012330B2 (en) 2021-04-27 2024-06-18 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Process of mixing two compounds to chemically obtain a solid compound and an alkaline liquid solution

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FR3106284B1 (fr) * 2020-01-22 2022-09-30 Centralesupelec Procédé de purification d’un gaz par absorption gaz-liquide

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US11612858B2 (en) * 2021-04-10 2023-03-28 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Exhaust gas cleanup and recovery system CO2 capture and sequestration with commercial byproducts
US12012330B2 (en) 2021-04-27 2024-06-18 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Process of mixing two compounds to chemically obtain a solid compound and an alkaline liquid solution
US11465908B1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-10-11 Global Carbon Emissions Solutions, LLC Generation of an alkaline liquid and forming a continuous generation alkaline liquid loop
WO2023160261A1 (fr) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 东南大学 Système et procédé de capture et de régénération électrique et de conversion synchrone de co2
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